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Devonian Fossils Stratigraphy of Indiana

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Devonian Fossils Stratigraphy of Indiana THE DEVONIAN FOSSILS AND STRATIGRAPHY OF INDIANA. By EDWARD M. KINDLE . • 34-0eol. (529) ---~--~ - -- INTRODUCTION. The study of the Devonian faunas of Indiana was begun by the writer independently of the State Survey, and a preliminary report on the results accomplished was published* in the spring of 1899. The generous assistance of State Geologist Blatchley has made it pos­ sible to continue the work thus begun, and the field work has been extended to the northern Indiana Devonian, about which but little has heretofore been known. The work on the northern Devonian has about doubled the number of species previously known from the Devonian black shale of the State, and has brought to light a new fauna in the Devonian limestone. In preparing the accompanying report, the writer has kept in mind the needs of Indiana students who may wish to become acquainted with the interesting faunas of our Devonian rocks. The specialist in paleontology will probably find little use for the artificial keys to species which have been prepared, but it is believed that they will be helpful to the beginner. Frequent quotations from other writers have been made for a similar reason, as it is expected that many of those who will use this report .will not have access to an extensive reference library, and for their convenience the descriptions of Hall, Meek and others have been fully quoted wherever the material at hand did not permit of so full or complete a description as had been published elsewhere. It has also seemed desirable to quote Hall's original descriptions in many cases of species which were described • from Indiana' f:lpecimens. In all such cases any new observations or variations from the description quoted have been noted after it. The publication of such papers as Schuchert's work on the Brachio­ poda seems to render it unnecessary to give the synonymy of species in a paper of this kind. For the sake of convenient reference to other figures and descriptions, however, one or two citations are usually given after each species. In addition to the collections of the State Museum and those made for the State survey, the writer has had access to the splendid private o Bull. Am. Pal.. No. 12. 1899. pp.1-111. (530) \~ DEVONIAN FOSSILS AND STltATIGltAPRY OF INDIANA. 531 collection of Mr. G. K. Greene during the preparation of this report. To Mr. Greene's generosity he is indebted for the use of many of the specimens here figured. Mr. Taylor, of Hanover, and Mr. J·ohn Powers, of Lexington, have also kindly loaned specimens for study. Special acknowledgment is due to Prof. H. S. Williams and to Dr. John M. Clarke, to whom a few specimens were referred for identifi­ cation or comparison with types. To Dr. Geo. H. Girty, Prof. H. S. Williams and Dr. H. :b~. Cleland I am indebted for the privilege of examining specimens belonging to the United States Geological Survey. The drawings for the plates were made by Dr. J. C. McCon- nell of Washington, D. C. - PART I.-STRATIGRAPHY AND FAUNAS. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE DEVONIAN. A large part of the Devonian rocks of Indiana are deeply covered by the drift. With the exception of two somewhat widely separated districts, the Devonian formation throughout the northern two-thirds of the State are buried under a mantle of Drift which varies in thick­ ness from 50 to 400 feet. The Devonian rocks which are· not com­ pletely covered by the deposits of the Drift may, for convenience of discussion, be referred to three geographical areas. These districts in which Devonian rocks may be studied are separated from each other by considerable areas in which no outcrops of the Devonian occur. They will be designated as the Wabash area, the Pendleton area and the Southern Indiana area. The attenuated character of the Drift in the southern part of the State permits of frequent outcrops of the Devonian rocks for a dis­ tance of 85 miles north of the Ohio. The portion of the Devonian belt outcropping from the Ohio River to the southern part of J ohn­ !"on and Shelby counties comprises the Southern Indiana area. The nearest Devonian outcrops to the north of the Southern Indi­ ana area are those of the Pendleton area, about 45 miles to the north of the Johnson and Shelby county sections. About 75 miles to the northwest of Pendleton, Devonian rocks are again found outcropping through the Drift along the Wabash River. The outcrops of the Wabash area are not very numerOl;ls, and are confined to a narrow strip of country 10 or 15 miles wide on either side of the river, ex­ tending froin near Peru to Delphi, a distance of 35 or 40 miles. Drill records indicate that the Devonian rocks lie immediately below the Drift over a continuous belt of country corresponding in direction with the general strike of the rocks, and extending from 532 REPORT OF STATg UlWLOGIS'I'. the Falls of the Ohio to Lake Michigan. 'I.'he drill has also indicated the presence of a belt of Devonian rocks extending east and west across the northern end of the State. With the Sub-Quaternary Devonian, however, we are not concerned except to point out that the areas above referred to do not represent isolated Devonian deposits. THE SOUTHERN INDIANA AREA. STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCI.A.TURE. Previous studies of the Devonian faunas and stratigraphy in Indi­ ana have nearly all related to the southern Indiana area. * The stratigraphic names which have been used and the correllations which have been made apply directly, therefore, to the Devonian as developed in southern Indiana. New Albany shale.-This formation is extensively exposed along the bank of the Ohio River in the vicinity of New Albany. It consists there of a fissile black shale, having a thickness of about 100 feet and showing but little variation from top to bottom. It rests upon the Dc­ vonian limestone and is terminated above by the Rockford limestone. The shale carries a considerable amount of bituminous matter, and occasionally thin sheets of pure bitumen are seen between the layers of shale. The shale shows a uniform black color on fresh surfaces and scarcely any variation in lithological characters in the southern Indi­ ana area. This uniformity in lithological characters does not hold in the northern part of the State, however, as will be shown later. Mr. Wm. B. Borden was the first to propose a local geographical name for the formation. In his report on Clark and Floyd counties in 1873t Mr. Borden designated this formation as the "New Albany black slate." In the same report the author states that "it outcrops on the Wabash River at Delphi," Carroll County, Ind. This forma­ tion is not a slate, and in the later reports of the State Geologist it has usually been called the New Albany black shale. It seems best to drop the qualifying term "black" in using this stratigraphic name because the formation in Indiana is not always black and is fre­ quently composed in part of brown or drab colored shale in the northern part of the State. The following section taken near Delphi, one of the localities mentioned by Mr. Borden in proposi~g the term • For a review of the literature relating to the Devonian in Indiana see Bull. Am. PaJ. No. 12. 1899. pp. 88-97. and the paper by Mr. Siebenthal in another part of this report; aho .. Bibliography of Indiana Paleontology." by E. M. Kindle. 22d Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Nat. Res. of Ind .• 1897. pp. 488-514. t Fifth Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. of Ind .• lS73. p. l5S. \ DEVONIAN FOSSILS AND STRATIGRAPHY OF INDIANA. 533 "New Albany black slate," illustrates the objection to the word black when applied to this formation: I!'t. In. 1. Drift.......................................... 7 2. Bluish black shale, sheety and tough. .. 45 3. Drab grayish colored slightly sandy shale.. .. 4 6 4. Band of gray colored concretions ..... " .. .. .. ... 6 14 '5. Drab colored sandy shale ....................... 10 6 6. Bluish gray sandstone ............... , . .. .. 4 10 7. Drab colored sandy shale. " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 5 6 8. Covered ....................................... 8( 1) Devonian limestone. '1'he section of a well at South Bend shows 25 feet of brown shale* which corresponds stratigraphically to the drab shale of the above section. In the southern Indiana area the New Albany shale is very fre­ quently separated from the limestone below it by a band of red clay and limestone pebbles associated with iron ore. This ferruginous clay and conglomeritic band has usually a thickness of from one to four inches. Fish teeth are frequently abundant in the limestone just below the clay band. The Rockford limestone is present at every point where the top of the New Albany shale has been observed in southern Indiana. It is a ferruginous limestone of brownish or greenish gray color, usually from one to three feet in thickness. Sellersburg beds.-In a paper published' by the writer in 1899t the Devonian limestones in the vicinity of the Falls of the Ohio were rec­ ognized as representing two distinct formations, which were named the Sellersburg beds and the J efl'ersonville limestone. t The Sellers­ burg beds constitute the uppermost of these two formations and "include the beds from the New Albany shale down to the lowest beds worked at the cement quarries."t The Sellersburg beds com­ prise a bed of fine grained argillaceous drab grayish colored limestone which is extensively quarried in the vicinity of Sellersburg for ce­ ment, and a thin bed of light gray or bluish crystalline limestone above it.
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