Supplementary Table S1 Predictive Genes Showing Negative Correlation
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Recombinant Human Phosphodiesterase 4A/PDE4A
Recombinant Human Phosphodiesterase 4A/PDE4A Catalog Number: 7767-PE DESCRIPTION Source Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)derived Pro331Met723, with an Nterminal Met and a Cterminal 6His tag Accession # P27815 Nterminal Sequence Pro331 Analysis Predicted Molecular 46 kDa Mass SPECIFICATIONS SDSPAGE 4448 kDa, reducing conditions Activity Measured by its ability to convert cAMP to 5'AMP. The specific activity is >28,000 pmol/min/μg, as measured under the described conditions. Endotoxin Level <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. Purity >95%, by SDSPAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by Colloidal Coomassie® Blue stain at 5 μg per lane. Formulation Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris and NaCl. See Certificate of Analysis for details. Activity Assay Protocol Materials l Assay Buffer (1X): 20 mM Tris, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 0.01538% CHAPS, pH 7.5 l Recombinant Human Phosphodiesterase 4A/PDE4A (rhPDE4A) (Catalog # 7767PE) l Adenosine 3’,5’cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) (Sigma, Catalog # A6885) 0.1 M stock in deionized water l Sialyltransferase Activity Kit (Catalog # EA002) l 96well Clear Plate (Costar, Catalog # 92592) l Plate Reader (Model: SpectraMax Plus by Molecular Devices) or equivalent Assay 1. Dilute 1 mM Phosphate Standard provided by the Sialyltransferase Kit by adding 40 µL of the 1 mM Phosphate Standard to 360 µL of Assay Buffer for a 100 µM stock. 2. Continue standard curve by performing six additional onehalf serial dilutions of the 100 µM Phosphate stock in Assay Buffer. -
1 Evidence for Gliadin Antibodies As Causative Agents in Schizophrenia
1 Evidence for gliadin antibodies as causative agents in schizophrenia. C.J.Carter PolygenicPathways, 20 Upper Maze Hill, Saint-Leonard’s on Sea, East Sussex, TN37 0LG [email protected] Tel: 0044 (0)1424 422201 I have no fax Abstract Antibodies to gliadin, a component of gluten, have frequently been reported in schizophrenia patients, and in some cases remission has been noted following the instigation of a gluten free diet. Gliadin is a highly immunogenic protein, and B cell epitopes along its entire immunogenic length are homologous to the products of numerous proteins relevant to schizophrenia (p = 0.012 to 3e-25). These include members of the DISC1 interactome, of glutamate, dopamine and neuregulin signalling networks, and of pathways involved in plasticity, dendritic growth or myelination. Antibodies to gliadin are likely to cross react with these key proteins, as has already been observed with synapsin 1 and calreticulin. Gliadin may thus be a causative agent in schizophrenia, under certain genetic and immunological conditions, producing its effects via antibody mediated knockdown of multiple proteins relevant to the disease process. Because of such homology, an autoimmune response may be sustained by the human antigens that resemble gliadin itself, a scenario supported by many reports of immune activation both in the brain and in lymphocytes in schizophrenia. Gluten free diets and removal of such antibodies may be of therapeutic benefit in certain cases of schizophrenia. 2 Introduction A number of studies from China, Norway, and the USA have reported the presence of gliadin antibodies in schizophrenia 1-5. Gliadin is a component of gluten, intolerance to which is implicated in coeliac disease 6. -
Aberrant Modulation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Phosphorylation Confers Acquired Resistance to MAPK Pathway Inhibitors in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma
www.nature.com/aps ARTICLE Aberrant modulation of ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation confers acquired resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanoma Ming-zhao Gao1,2, Hong-bin Wang1,2, Xiang-ling Chen1,2, Wen-ting Cao1,LiFu1, Yun Li1, Hai-tian Quan1,2, Cheng-ying Xie1,2 and Li-guang Lou1,2 BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in BRAF-mutant melanoma; however, most patients develop resistance, which limits the clinical benefit of these agents. In this study, we found that the human melanoma cell clones, A375-DR and A375-TR, with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib, were cross resistant to other MAPK pathway inhibitors. In these resistant cells, phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) but not phosphorylation of ERK or p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) were unable to be inhibited by MAPK pathway inhibitors. Notably, knockdown of rpS6 in these cells effectively downregulated G1 phase-related proteins, including RB, cyclin D1, and CDK6, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited proliferation, suggesting that aberrant modulation of rpS6 phosphorylation contributed to the acquired resistance. Interestingly, RSK inhibitor had little effect on rpS6 phosphorylation and cell proliferation in resistant cells, whereas P70S6K inhibitor showed stronger inhibitory effects on rpS6 phosphorylation and cell proliferation in resistant cells than in parental cells. Thus regulation of rpS6 phosphorylation, which is predominantly mediated by BRAF/MEK/ERK/RSK signaling in parental cells, was switched to mTOR/ P70S6K signaling in resistant cells. Furthermore, mTOR inhibitors alone overcame acquired resistance and rescued the sensitivity of the resistant cells when combined with BRAF/MEK inhibitors. -
Allele-Specific Expression of Ribosomal Protein Genes in Interspecific Hybrid Catfish
Allele-specific Expression of Ribosomal Protein Genes in Interspecific Hybrid Catfish by Ailu Chen A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 1, 2015 Keywords: catfish, interspecific hybrids, allele-specific expression, ribosomal protein Copyright 2015 by Ailu Chen Approved by Zhanjiang Liu, Chair, Professor, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Nannan Liu, Professor, Entomology and Plant Pathology Eric Peatman, Associate Professor, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Aaron M. Rashotte, Associate Professor, Biological Sciences Abstract Interspecific hybridization results in a vast reservoir of allelic variations, which may potentially contribute to phenotypical enhancement in the hybrids. Whether the allelic variations are related to the downstream phenotypic differences of interspecific hybrid is still an open question. The recently developed genome-wide allele-specific approaches that harness high- throughput sequencing technology allow direct quantification of allelic variations and gene expression patterns. In this work, I investigated allele-specific expression (ASE) pattern using RNA-Seq datasets generated from interspecific catfish hybrids. The objective of the study is to determine the ASE genes and pathways in which they are involved. Specifically, my study investigated ASE-SNPs, ASE-genes, parent-of-origins of ASE allele and how ASE would possibly contribute to heterosis. My data showed that ASE was operating in the interspecific catfish system. Of the 66,251 and 177,841 SNPs identified from the datasets of the liver and gill, 5,420 (8.2%) and 13,390 (7.5%) SNPs were identified as significant ASE-SNPs, respectively. -
Synergistic Genetic Interactions Between Pkhd1 and Pkd1 Result in an ARPKD-Like Phenotype in Murine Models
BASIC RESEARCH www.jasn.org Synergistic Genetic Interactions between Pkhd1 and Pkd1 Result in an ARPKD-Like Phenotype in Murine Models Rory J. Olson,1 Katharina Hopp ,2 Harrison Wells,3 Jessica M. Smith,3 Jessica Furtado,1,4 Megan M. Constans,3 Diana L. Escobar,3 Aron M. Geurts,5 Vicente E. Torres,3 and Peter C. Harris 1,3 Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed at the end of this article. ABSTRACT Background Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are genetically distinct, with ADPKD usually caused by the genes PKD1 or PKD2 (encoding polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively) and ARPKD caused by PKHD1 (encoding fibrocys- tin/polyductin [FPC]). Primary cilia have been considered central to PKD pathogenesis due to protein localization and common cystic phenotypes in syndromic ciliopathies, but their relevance is questioned in the simple PKDs. ARPKD’s mild phenotype in murine models versus in humans has hampered investi- gating its pathogenesis. Methods To study the interaction between Pkhd1 and Pkd1, including dosage effects on the phenotype, we generated digenic mouse and rat models and characterized and compared digenic, monogenic, and wild-type phenotypes. Results The genetic interaction was synergistic in both species, with digenic animals exhibiting pheno- types of rapidly progressive PKD and early lethality resembling classic ARPKD. Genetic interaction be- tween Pkhd1 and Pkd1 depended on dosage in the digenic murine models, with no significant enhancement of the monogenic phenotype until a threshold of reduced expression at the second locus was breached. -
ACAT) in Cholesterol Metabolism: from Its Discovery to Clinical Trials and the Genomics Era
H OH metabolites OH Review Acyl-Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT) in Cholesterol Metabolism: From Its Discovery to Clinical Trials and the Genomics Era Qimin Hai and Jonathan D. Smith * Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-216-444-2248 Abstract: The purification and cloning of the acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) enzymes and the sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) genes has opened new areas of interest in cholesterol metabolism given their profound effects on foam cell biology and intestinal lipid absorption. The generation of mouse models deficient in Soat1 or Soat2 confirmed the importance of their gene products on cholesterol esterification and lipoprotein physiology. Although these studies supported clinical trials which used non-selective ACAT inhibitors, these trials did not report benefits, and one showed an increased risk. Early genetic studies have implicated common variants in both genes with human traits, including lipoprotein levels, coronary artery disease, and Alzheimer’s disease; however, modern genome-wide association studies have not replicated these associations. In contrast, the common SOAT1 variants are most reproducibly associated with testosterone levels. Keywords: cholesterol esterification; atherosclerosis; ACAT; SOAT; inhibitors; clinical trial Citation: Hai, Q.; Smith, J.D. Acyl-Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT) in Cholesterol Metabolism: From Its 1. Introduction Discovery to Clinical Trials and the The acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; EC 2.3.1.26) enzyme family Genomics Era. Metabolites 2021, 11, consists of membrane-spanning proteins, which are primarily located in the endoplasmic 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ reticulum [1]. -
Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Techniques and Their Application in Ovarian Cancer Research Agata Swiatly, Szymon Plewa, Jan Matysiak and Zenon J
Swiatly et al. Journal of Ovarian Research (2018) 11:88 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-018-0460-6 REVIEW Open Access Mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques and their application in ovarian cancer research Agata Swiatly, Szymon Plewa, Jan Matysiak and Zenon J. Kokot* Abstract Ovarian cancer has emerged as one of the leading cause of gynecological malignancies. So far, the measurement of CA125 and HE4 concentrations in blood and transvaginal ultrasound examination are essential ovarian cancer diagnostic methods. However, their sensitivity and specificity are still not sufficient to detect disease at the early stage. Moreover, applied treatment may appear to be ineffective due to drug-resistance. Because of a high mortality rate of ovarian cancer, there is a pressing need to develop innovative strategies leading to a full understanding of complicated molecular pathways related to cancerogenesis. Recent studies have shown the great potential of clinical proteomics in the characterization of many diseases, including ovarian cancer. Therefore, in this review, we summarized achievements of proteomics in ovarian cancer management. Since the development of mass spectrometry has caused a breakthrough in systems biology, we decided to focus on studies based on this technique. According to PubMed engine, in the years 2008–2010 the number of studies concerning OC proteomics was increasing, and since 2010 it has reached a plateau. Proteomics as a rapidly evolving branch of science may be essential in novel biomarkers discovery, therapy decisions, progression predication, monitoring of drug response or resistance. Despite the fact that proteomics has many to offer, we also discussed some limitations occur in ovarian cancer studies. -
PDE4) Subtypes in Human Primary CD4+ T Cells: Predominant Role of PDE4D This Information Is Current As of September 26, 2021
Differential Expression and Function of Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Subtypes in Human Primary CD4+ T Cells: Predominant Role of PDE4D This information is current as of September 26, 2021. Daniel Peter, S. L. Catherine Jin, Marco Conti, Armin Hatzelmann and Christof Zitt J Immunol 2007; 178:4820-4831; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4820 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/8/4820 Downloaded from References This article cites 53 articles, 24 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/8/4820.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 26, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2007 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology Differential Expression and Function of Phosphodiesterase 4 :PDE4) Subtypes in Human Primary CD4؉ T Cells) Predominant Role of PDE4D1 Daniel Peter,* S. L. Catherine Jin,† Marco Conti,† Armin Hatzelmann,* and Christof Zitt2* Type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) are critical regulators in TCR signaling by attenuating the negative constraint of cAMP. -
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. -
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Food & Function View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates prevent adhesion of specific Cite this: Food Funct., 2021, 12, 8100 pathogens via modulating glycosylation or inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells Chunli Kong, *a,b Martin Beukema, b Min Wang,c Bart J. de Haanb and Paul de Vosb Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) and non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are known to inhibit the adhesion of pathogens to the gut epithelium, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Here, the effects of 2’-FL, 3-FL, DP3–DP10, DP10–DP60 and DP30–DP60 inulins and DM7, DM55 and DM69 pectins were studied on pathogen adhesion to Caco-2 cells. As the growth phase influences viru- lence, E. coli ET8, E. coli LMG5862, E. coli O119, E. coli WA321, and S. enterica subsp. enterica LMG07233 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. from both log and stationary phases were tested. Specificity for enteric pathogens was tested by including the lung pathogen K. pneumoniae LMG20218. Expression of the cell membrane glycosylation genes of galectin and glycocalyx and inflammatory genes was studied in the presence and absence of 2’-FL or NDCs. Inhibition of pathogen adhesion was observed for 2’-FL, inulins, and pectins. Pre-incubation with 2’-FL downregulated ICAM1, and pectins modified the glycosylation genes. In contrast, K. pneumoniae LMG20218 downregulated the inflammatory genes, but these were restored by pre-incubation with Received 22nd March 2021, pectins, which reduced the adhesion of K. pneumoniae LMG20218. In addition, DM69 pectin significantly Accepted 21st June 2021 upregulated the inflammatory genes. -
Ciliopathies Gene Panel
Ciliopathies Gene Panel Contact details Introduction Regional Genetics Service The ciliopathies are a heterogeneous group of conditions with considerable phenotypic overlap. Levels 4-6, Barclay House These inherited diseases are caused by defects in cilia; hair-like projections present on most 37 Queen Square cells, with roles in key human developmental processes via their motility and signalling functions. Ciliopathies are often lethal and multiple organ systems are affected. Ciliopathies are London, WC1N 3BH united in being genetically heterogeneous conditions and the different subtypes can share T +44 (0) 20 7762 6888 many clinical features, predominantly cystic kidney disease, but also retinal, respiratory, F +44 (0) 20 7813 8578 skeletal, hepatic and neurological defects in addition to metabolic defects, laterality defects and polydactyly. Their clinical variability can make ciliopathies hard to recognise, reflecting the ubiquity of cilia. Gene panels currently offer the best solution to tackling analysis of genetically Samples required heterogeneous conditions such as the ciliopathies. Ciliopathies affect approximately 1:2,000 5ml venous blood in plastic EDTA births. bottles (>1ml from neonates) Ciliopathies are generally inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with some autosomal Prenatal testing must be arranged dominant and X-linked exceptions. in advance, through a Clinical Genetics department if possible. Referrals Amniotic fluid or CV samples Patients presenting with a ciliopathy; due to the phenotypic variability this could be a diverse set should be sent to Cytogenetics for of features. For guidance contact the laboratory or Dr Hannah Mitchison dissecting and culturing, with ([email protected]) / Prof Phil Beales ([email protected]) instructions to forward the sample to the Regional Molecular Genetics Referrals will be accepted from clinical geneticists and consultants in nephrology, metabolic, laboratory for analysis respiratory and retinal diseases. -
De Novo, Systemic, Deleterious Amino Acid Substitutions Are Common in Large Cytoskeleton‑Related Protein Coding Regions
BIOMEDICAL REPORTS 6: 211-216, 2017 De novo, systemic, deleterious amino acid substitutions are common in large cytoskeleton‑related protein coding regions REBECCA J. STOLL1, GRACE R. THOMPSON1, MOHAMMAD D. SAMY1 and GEORGE BLANCK1,2 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida; 2Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA Received June 13, 2016; Accepted October 31, 2016 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.826 Abstract. Human mutagenesis is largely random, thus large Introduction coding regions, simply on the basis of probability, represent relatively large mutagenesis targets. Thus, we considered Genetic damage is largely random and therefore tends to the possibility that large cytoskeletal-protein related coding affect the larger, functional regions of the human genome regions (CPCRs), including extra-cellular matrix (ECM) more frequently than the smaller regions (1). For example, coding regions, would have systemic nucleotide variants that a systematic study has revealed that cancer fusion genes, on are not present in common SNP databases. Presumably, such average, are statistically, significantly larger than other human variants arose recently in development or in recent, preceding genes (2,3). The large introns of potential cancer fusion genes generations. Using matched breast cancer and blood-derived presumably allow for many different productive recombina- normal datasets from the cancer genome atlas, CPCR single tion opportunities, i.e., many recombinations that would allow nucleotide variants (SNVs) not present in the All SNPs(142) for exon juxtaposition and the generation of hybrid proteins. or 1000 Genomes databases were identified. Using the Protein Smaller cancer fusion genes tend to be associated with the rare Variation Effect Analyzer internet-based tool, it was discov- types of cancer, for example EWS RNA binding protein 1 in ered that apparent, systemic mutations (not shared among Ewing's sarcoma.