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Development and Stakeholders' Validation Of DEVELOPMENT AND STAKEHOLDERS’ VALIDATION OF PRISONER REINTEGRATION PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA ADEWUYI, TEMITAYO DEBORAH OLUFEMI (214585780) B.A.Ed. History; M.Ed. G. & C.; & M.Sc. Clinical Psychology THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF PHILOSOPHY (PSYCHOLOGY) IN THE DISCIPLINE OF PSYCHOLOGY, SCHOOL OF APPLIED HUMAN SCIENCES, COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES, PIETERMARIZBURG CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISORS: Prof. Augustine Nwoye (PhD) Prof. Nhlanhla Mkhize (PhD) MARCH, 2020 i DECLARATION I certify that the work in this PhD thesis entitled “Development and Stakeholders’ Validation of Prisoner Reintegration Programme in Nigeria” has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree to any other university or institution other than the University of KwaZulu-Natal. I also certify that the thesis is an original piece of research and it has been written by me. Any help and assistance that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself have been appropriately acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the references of the thesis. March 5, 2020 ------------------------------- -------------------------- ---------------------- - ADEWUYI, T.D.O. 214585780 Student’s Name Student’s Number Date ---------------------------------- 06/03/2020----- Professor Augustine Nwoye (Supervisor) Date ---------------------------------- ------------------- Professor Nhlanhla Mkhize Supervisor Date ii (c) Copyright By Adewuyi, Temitayo Deborah Olufemi (2020) All Rights Reserved iii DEDICATION This PhD thesis is dedicated to Jesus Christ, the WISDOM of God and God Almighty for the GRACE given to me to complete this programme in good health. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The greatest acknowledgement goes to God Almighty who has enabled me to complete this course without tears. I also want to appreciate Jesus Christ, the “WISDOM of GOD” who gives me the wisdom of creativity to write this PhD thesis. All glory, honour and adoration go to Him forever (Amen). I am greatly indebted to Professor Augustine Nwoye, my primary supervisor for the tolerance, constructive criticisms, useful suggestions, creative ideas, encouragement, and patience in reading the manuscript line by line and for his unrelenting efforts in ensuring the completion of this study. I really want to appreciate the unrelenting effort of my secondary supervisor, Professor Nhlanhla Mkhize who believed that I can do a creative and innovative study. I thank the two of you, you are the pillars for the success of this my PhD degree. The contributions of Professor Doug Wassenaar, Dr. Mary Van de-Riet and Miss Nondumiso Mphambo during the proposal presentation and after can never be quantified. Miss Nondumiso Khanyile, the former postgraduate Administrator of the department is also appreciated for the administrative assistance given to me from time to time during the entire programme of study. My special thanks go to Professor Ayo Omotayo, the former Dean of Faculty of Social Sciences, Lagos State University for always being there at the very point of need. Mrs. Adenike Fatogun is highly appreciated as well for her encouragement at the starting point of this programme. I want to thank Prof.Elias Wahab, Dean Faculty of Social Sciences, the current Vice Chancellor, Lagos State University Professor Lanre Fagbohun SAN, NPOM and his wonderful team for the assistance given to me to attend this PhD programme without tears, thank you sir, I am very grateful. The entire LASU community is appreciated for their moral support and encouragement during this my PhD academic journey to South Africa, “We are LASU, We are very proud”. My sincere thanks go to the Controller General of Prisons of Nigerian Prisons Service, Abuja in person of Ja’afar Ahmed and his management team for the interest shown in this study and the National approval given to me to have access to the Prison staffs in the Nigerian States of Lagos, Nasarawa, Anambra and Plateau selected for this study. This approval helped to secure easy approval and cooperation from all the Controller of Prisons and State Commands including the Assistance Controller of Prison (ACP) of all the prison institutions used for the data collection of this study. I want to thank all the leaders, Emir, Obi, Igwe, Baale and Oba’s of the Nigerian States v religion leaders, community leaders, Landlord Association and Nigerian Union of Journalists from Lagos, Nasarawa and Anambra States for their assistance and cooperation during the data collection exercise. I also want to appreciate the efforts of Professor Andrew Zamani, the head of data collection in the North. I sincerely appreciate all the research assistants who participated in the data collection and scoring of the quantitative data collected for this study especially Mr. Taye Ojo, Mrs. Bukola Adewuyi, Damisola Adewuyi and Taiwo Joshua Odep; my Personal Assistance (PA) for his technical and moral support. I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Ayo Omotayo, Dr. Isaiah Akoteyon of Faculty of Social Sciences, Lagos State University, Prof. E.A. Akinade, Prof. Andrew Zamani of Nasarawa State University for proof reading and Dr. Mrs. Omawumi Makinde the reference Librarian, University Library, Lagos State University and Belinda Talbot for editing this thesis. I also want to appreciate my sister and my roommate, Dr. Olanike Alabi at Denison Hostel, UKZN for the good seed sown to this study at the initial stage. I really want to appreciate Pastor and Pastor Mrs. David Olorunda of Dunamis Faith Assembly, Pietermaritburg, South Africa for making my stay in South Africa spiritually and physically comfortable. The prayer support of Rev’d Dr. O.K. Babarinde, the Conference President and other ministers of Lagos Central Baptist Conference are also appreciated. The intercessory prayer group of Living Faith Baptist Church, Elerun Estate, Badagry, Lagos State, Bible Society of Nigeria, Ayetoro/Ketu/Mebamu Auxiliary, Christian Association of Nigeria, and Lagos State Chapter deserve mentioning here. I most sincerely appreciate the prayer support, assistance and understanding accorded to me by my prayerful mother; Evangelist Felicia Olubosede Onafowokan, my husband, Rotr. Lai Adewuyi and my loving and caring sons; Adedamola, Omobolaji and Ajibola Adewuyi. You are all wonderful children. Finally, I am grateful to all my well wishers for wishing me a successful completion of this course in peace. Many people were there for me throughout this journey but I am prevented by space restrictions from mentioning all. To those whose names are not on this page, I profoundly say Siyabonga kakhulu! Temitayo Deborah Olufemi Adewuyi March, 2020 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Covered Page Title Page i Declaration ii Copyright iii Dedication iv Acknowledgements V Table of Contents Vii List of Tables Xiii List of Figures Xvii List of Appendices Xx Abstract Xxii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 26 1.3 Purpose of the Study 27 1.4 Objectives of the Study 28 1.5 Research Questions 28 1.6 Significance of the Study 29 1.7 Assumptions 30 1.8 Scope and Delimitations of the Study 30 1.9 Operational Definitions of Terms 31 1.10 Summary and Overview of the Study 35 vii CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Theoretical Review of the Literature 37 2.2.1 Historical Background of Desistance Paradigm Theory (DPT) 40 2.2.2 Theoretical Perspective of Reintegration Theories of DPT 43 2.2.3 Good Lives Model (GLM) 44 2.2.4 Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) 45 2.2.5 African Culture Compatible Model (ACCM) 50 2.3 Review of the Foreign Empirical Studies 56 2.3.1 Global Empirical Studies on Prisoner Rehabilitation and 56 Reintegration Programmes 2.3.2 Desistance and Prisoner Reintegration Programme 65 2.3.3 African Empirical Studies on Prisoner Rehabilitation and 70 Reintegration Programmes 2.4 Local Empirical Studies on Prisoner Rehabilitation and 75 Reintegration Programmes 2.5 Summary and Synthesis of the Review 85 2.6 Research/Operational Hypotheses 87 2.7 Conceptual/Theoretical Framework 89 2.8 Curricular Content of Proposed Prisoner Reintegration Programme 94 (CCPPREP) 2.9 Development and Validation of PREP 98 2.10 Summary 99 viii CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 101 3.2 Design of the Study 101 3.2.1 Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design 103 3.2.2 Explanatory Design Procedures 105 3.3 Location of the Study 105 3.3.1 Cultural and Geographical Characteristics of the Study 108 Locations 108 3.3.1.1 Cultural and Geographical Characteristics of Lagos State 3.3.1.2 Cultural and Geographical Characteristics of Nasarawa State 112 3.3.1.3 Cultural and Geographical Characteristics of Anambra State 117 3.4 Study Population 121 3.5 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size 123 3.6 Pilot Study 125 3.7 Research Instruments 129 3.7.1 Quantitative Research Instrument 1 30 3.7.2 Validity, Reliability, and Vigour 134 3.7.3 The Scoring Pattern of SARFPRI 135 3.7.4 Qualitative Research Instruments 138 3.7.4.1 Researcher as the Key Instrument 138 3.7.4.2 Rationale for the Choice of Interview as the main Qualitative 142 Data Collection Method 3.7.4.3 Qualitative Structure Interview Format (SIF) of SVOPREP 144 3.7.5 Trustworthiness and credibility in Qualitative Research 149 3.7.5.1 Strategies to ensure Trustworthiness 151 3.7.6 Data Collection and Procedure 156 3.8 Data Management 162 ix 3.9 Data Analysis 166 3.9.1 Quantitative
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