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Sniðmát Meistaraverkefnis HÍ Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu Þjóðfræði Hughrif og handverk Langspilið í upphafi 21. aldar Eyjólfur Eyjólfsson Rósa Þorsteinsdóttir Júní 2020 Hughrif og handverk Langspilið í upphafi 21. aldar Eyjólfur Eyjólfsson Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í þjóðfræði Leiðbeinandi: Rósa Þorsteinsdóttir 40 einingar Félagsfræði–, mannfræði– og þjóðfræðideild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Júní, 2020 Hughrif og handverk Langspilið í upphafi 21. aldar Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA-gráðu í þjóðfræði og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Eyjólfur Eyjólfsson, 2020 Prentun: Svansprent Reykjavík, Ísland, 2020 Útdráttur Þessi 40 eininga meistararitgerð í þjóðfræði fjallar um hughrif og handverk tengt íslenska langspilinu. Ritgerðin byggir á eigindlegri rannsókn sem var unnin á tímabilinu frá september 2016 til október 2019. Viðmælendur rannsóknarinnar voru níu talsins og fóru viðtölin ýmist fram á Íslandi eða í Hollandi, en auk viðtalanna voru gerðar þátttöku- og vettvangsrannsóknir. Gagnasöfnun og greiningarferli tók mið af greiningaraðferð grundaðrar kenningar og skynrænni aðferðafræði. Hluti rannsóknarinnar var unnin í samstarfi við mennta- og menningarstofnunina Íslenska bæinn í Austur-Meðalholtum í Flóa en þar fór einnig fram sjálfs-etnógrafía. Eina elstu heimild um langspilsleik er að finna í sjálfsævisögu séra Jóns Steingrímssonar frá 18. öld þar sem eldklerkurinn lýsir hughrifum sínum af langspilsleik Þuríðar Ásmundsdóttur á Bæ í Borgarfirði. Hughrif viðmælenda rannsóknarinnar af langspilstónum, rúmum tveimur öldum síðar, eru ekki ósvipuð þeim er séra Jón lýsir og verða hughrif samtíðarfólksins m.a. rædd út frá menningararfsorðræðu og kenningum á sviði þjóðtónlistarfræða. Hagnýti þáttur ritgerðinnar fjallar um þróunar- og rannsóknarverkefnið Flóaspilin – langspilssmíðaverkefni sem fór fram í Flóaskóla veturinn 2018–2019. Smíðuð voru 18 langspil með nemendum 5. og 6. bekkjar og um vorið þegar langspilin voru tilbúin, lærðu nemendurnir nokkur þjóðlög sem þau sungu við eigin langspilsundirleik á tveimur skipulögðum viðburðum. Eigindlegi rannsóknarhluti ritgerðarinnar er því skynfræðileg undirstaða langspilssmíðaverkefnisins en ritgerðin dregur fram að bæði hughrifin og handverkið sem langspilið tilheyrir er í eðli sínu fjölmenningarlegt. Þá sýnir rannsóknin að staðbundin menningareinkenni á borð við langspil geti nýst í þverfaglegum nálgunum í listgreinakennslu í grunnskólum þar sem nemendum gefst tækifæri til að kynnast öðrum menningarheimum um leið og þeir eignast hlutdeild í eigin menningararfleið. 3 Abstract The thesis deals with affect and craft associated with the langspil, an Icelandic version of a drone-zither. It is a qualitative research which was executed during the period of September 2016 through October 2019. The methodology consisted of in-depth interviews, participant- observations and field research. For the analysis grounded theory approach was used alongside with sensory ethnographic methods. One of the oldest sources about langspil-playing comes from the 18th century autobiography of The Reverend Jón Steingrímsson. There he describes how the sounds of madam Þuríður Ásmundsdóttir's langspil-playing affected his troubled state in the most soothing way. Though little is known about how the langspil might have sounded in the past, this research shows that contemporary langspil-playing has similar affect on the participants here as those described over two centuries ago. These present-day affects are discussed in relation to theories in cultural heritage, ethnomusicology and other related disciplines. The applied aspect of the thesis is an account of a research project that was undertaken during the academic year of 2018–2019 at the Flóaskóli Elementary School in South-Iceland. The project was inspired by an earlier research done by ethnomusicologist David G. Woods in 1981. In collaboration with craft and music teachers at Flóaskóli, eighteen langspils were built with 5th and 6th grade students. Close to springtime, once the instruments were ready for use, the students learned a few Icelandic folk songs accompanied by their own langspil-playing. The combined aspects of the qualitative research and the applied research project show that the langspil's affect and craft is inherently multicultural. The langspil is not only a useful tool in giving students at elementary schools the opportunity to gain embodied knowledge about their own cultural heritage, but also to connect with other cultures. 4 Efnisyfirlit Útdráttur ................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract..................................................................................................................... 4 Efnisyfirlit .................................................................................................................. 5 Myndaskrá ................................................................................................................ 7 1 Inngangur.............................................................................................................. 8 2 Sögulegt samhengi .............................................................................................. 12 2.1 Langspilið sem menningararfur ........................................................................ 15 2.2 Sviðsettur menningararfur ............................................................................... 18 3 Rannsóknin ......................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Eigindlegar rannsóknaraðferðir ........................................................................ 21 3.2 Greiningaraðferð grundaðrar kenningar .......................................................... 22 3.3 Skynræn aðferðafræði ...................................................................................... 23 3.4 „Þetta er eilífðartónninn“ ................................................................................. 24 3.5 Viðmælendur .................................................................................................... 25 3.6 Baðstofustundir víða um lönd .......................................................................... 28 3.7 Flóaspilin ........................................................................................................... 31 3.8 Sjálfs-etnógrafía ................................................................................................ 32 3.9 Staða mín sem rannsakandi .............................................................................. 33 4 Langspilstónar ..................................................................................................... 36 4.1 Útópísk þáþrá og erfiður menningararfur ........................................................ 36 4.2 Rólegheit og hugleiðslur ................................................................................... 44 4.3 Dægurmenning og „sándtrakk á íslensku sveitina“ .......................................... 55 4.4 Fjölmenningarleg langspilssmíði ....................................................................... 68 4.5 Samantekt ......................................................................................................... 75 5 Flóaspilin – Langspilssmíðaverkefni í Flóaskóla veturinn 2018–2019 ..................... 76 5.1 Undirbúnings- og skipulagsvinna ...................................................................... 77 5.1.1 „Hugur - hjarta - hönd“ .............................................................................. 77 5.1.2 Íslenski bærinn ........................................................................................... 79 5.1.3 Baðstofan og hljómurinn ........................................................................... 80 5 5.2 Elsta langspil landsins?...................................................................................... 82 5.3 Vinnuferli langspilssmíðaverkefnisins............................................................... 87 5.3.1 Fundur með Gunnlaugu og Sigríði Oddnýju – 9. maí 2018 ........................ 87 5.3.2 Langspilskynning í Flóaskóla – 28. maí 2018 ............................................. 87 5.3.3 Samtöl við Hannes Lárusson – september 2018 ........................................ 88 5.3.4 Fundur með Maríu Marko smíðakennara – 3. október 2018 .................... 89 5.3.5 „Endar þetta ekki bara ofan í skúffu?“ – 5. október 2018 ......................... 89 5.3.6 Fyrsti smíðatíminn – 17. október 2018 ...................................................... 90 5.3.7 Kennslukönnun nemenda – 29. október 2018 ........................................... 91 5.3.8 Jákvæðni og dugnaður – nóvember og desember..................................... 92 5.3.9 Stilliskrúfurnar týndust í pósti .................................................................... 92 5.3.10 Langspilssmíði í beinni – janúar og febrúar 2019 ................................... 93 5.3.11 Mars – líming ........................................................................................... 93 5.3.12 Nýr smíðakennari og viðarbæs – 1. apríl 2019 ....................................... 94 5.3.13 Prufubæsun – 2. apríl 2019 ..................................................................... 94 5.3.14 Bæsun og líkömnuð þekking – 3. apríl 2019 ........................................... 95 5.3.15 Annar í bæsun – 10. apríl 2019................................................................ 96 5.3.16 Smíðadagur hjá Hansa
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