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Title Livelihood Changes After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster Livelihood Changes After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Title Disaster: Case Study in Banda Aceh, Indonesia( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Nafesa, Binti Ismail Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2018-03-26 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k21240 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University Livelihood Changes After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster: Case Study in Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2018 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Doctoral Program in Global Environmental Studies Nafesa Binti Ismail Livelihood Changes After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster: Case Study in Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2004年インド洋津波災害後の生計手段の変遷：インドネシアの バンダアチェにおけるケーススタディ A Thesis Submitted for the Fulfilment of Doctoral Degree in Global Environmental Studies 2018 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Doctoral Program in Global Environmental Studies Nafesa Binti Ismail ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS After much effort and hard work have been poured in completing this dissertation, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation towards several figures that had assisted me throughout the tenure. First of all, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor, Prof. Okazaki Kenji, for his constant guidance, insights, motivation and support throughout the period of the dissertation was written. He has inspired me to develop a passion and appreciation towards what I am doing now. Similar profound gratitude goes to Assistant Prof. Ochiai Chiho, Associate Prof. Kobayashi Hirohide and Associate Prof. Saizen Izuru for their contribution of time and ideas to make my Ph.D. experience stimulating. I am also thankful for Dr. Glenn Fernandez’s feedbacks and suggestions for my papers and sharing tips and tricks sharing while pursuing my Ph.D. journey. I would especially like to thank Ms. Mutia who had helped and assisted me to conduct data collection in Banda Aceh. The experience had given me the practical training of conducting fieldwork as well as the real insights of the affected households and their struggles to stand back up on their feet. I also offer my thankfulness to the village administrators and staff at Gampong Pande and Gampong Lambung for their cooperation throughout the data collection period. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support given by my lab members who had been very generous in their stimulating discussions and assistance and many others who have thrown in ideas, opinions and advice. I could not have completed this effort without their help and tolerance. My greatest gratitude to my parents who have never failed to give me unconditional love and support throughout the course of this dissertation. Thank you for supporting me and the encouragement throughout this journey. i TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of study ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. The Impacts of Natural Disasters .......................................................................................... 1 1.3. Natural Disaster in Indonesia ................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster Impacts .................................................................. 4 1.4. Literature Review in Disaster Context .................................................................................. 7 1.5. Statement of Problems .......................................................................................................... 8 1.6. Research Objective .............................................................................................................. 10 1.7. Case Study Location............................................................................................................ 10 1.8. Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 12 1.8.1. Research process .............................................................................................................. 13 1.9. Thesis Structure ................................................................................................................... 14 References ...................................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 2: DISASTER RECOVERY AND LIVELIHOOD 2.1. Disaster Recovery ............................................................................................................... 21 2.2. Concept of Recovery ........................................................................................................... 21 2.3. Origins of Livelihood Concept ............................................................................................ 22 2.4. Sustainable Livelihood Framework .................................................................................... 23 2.4.1. Vulnerabilities .................................................................................................................. 25 2.4.2. Assets ............................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.3. Livelihood Interventions .................................................................................................. 26 2.4.4. Livelihood Outcome ........................................................................................................ 28 2.5. Disaster Management in Indonesia ..................................................................................... 28 2.6. Livelihood Recovery ........................................................................................................... 29 2.6.1. Recovery in Indonesia after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ......................................... 29 References ...................................................................................................................................... 32 ii CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 35 3.2. Research Design .................................................................................................................. 35 3.2.1. Multiple Method .............................................................................................................. 35 3.3. Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 36 3.4. Population and Sample Selection ........................................................................................ 38 3.5. Instrumentation and Measurement ...................................................................................... 39 3.6. Components in Livelihood Framework for the study ......................................................... 39 3.7. Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 44 3.8. Ethical Consideration .......................................................................................................... 45 References ...................................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 4: LIVELIHOOD CHANGES IN GAMPONG PANDE 4.1. Background of Gampong Pande ......................................................................................... 50 4.2. Impacts of Disaster on Gampong Pande ............................................................................. 53 4.3. Condition of Livelihood Assets Before Tsunami Disaster, Reconstruction Period, and Current Condition ................................................................................................................ 54 4.3.1. Human Capital ................................................................................................................. 54 4.3.2. Financial Capital .............................................................................................................. 57 4.3.3. Physical Capital ............................................................................................................... 61 4.3.4. Natural Capital ................................................................................................................. 67 4.3.5. Social Capital ................................................................................................................... 72 4.4. Livelihood Interventions ..................................................................................................... 75 4.4.1. Policy ..............................................................................................................................
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