Super-Kamiokande Detector
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Atsuto Suzuki
Atsuto Suzuki (KEK : High Energy Accelerator Research Organization) 1 2 1. Quark Flavor Project 2. Lepton Flavor Project 3. Energy Frontier Project 4. Non-Accelerator Project 5. Summary 3 In 2008 4 Quest for International Linear Collider Quest for Unifying Birth-Evolution (ILC) Matter and Force of Universe Scientific Activities Beyond Standard Physics Lepton CP Asymmetry Technology Innovations Power-Upgrade Talented Human Resources SuperKEKB J-PARC KEK-B Quark CP Asymmetry LHC [Origin of Matter] nt Quest for Neutrinos nm Quest for 6 Quarks ne [Origin of Force] Higgs Particle [Origin of Mass] e-/e+ Collider KEKB -> SuperKEKB SCC RF(HER) Belle Detector 8 GeV e- 3.5 GeV e+ 1036 SuperKEKB Ares RF ) 1 - 50 times higher s cavity 2 - luminosity e+ source Peak Luminosity Luminosity (cm Peak TRISTAN 6 15 countries, 400 collaborators # of papers : 315 # of citations : 13,309 CPV: caused by a single phase of CKM matrix7 Standard Model X(3872) Z(4430) SM quar k lept on Bgdg transition BgD*tn Upgrade KEKB to SuperKEKB with x 50 performance 8 KEKB upgrade to SuperKEKB Colliding bunches IR with by*=0.3mm SC final focus system e-(2.6A) SuperKEKB Low emittance lattice Add RF systems for e+(3.6A) higher beam current Damping ring for low emittance positron injection Positron NEG pumps capture section LER beampipe to suppress photoelectron instability Beam SR Target: L = 8x1035/cm2/s 9 Belle II Detector (in comparison with Belle) EKLM Module 0 @ITEP Aerogel- RICH Bell SVD: 4 DSSD lyrs g 2 DEPFET lyrs + 4 DSSD lyrs CDC: small cell, long lever arm Bell II ACC+TOF g TOP+A-RICH ECL: waveform sampling (+pure CsI for end-caps) KLM: RPC g Scintillator +MPPC(end-caps) Inconsistency in unitarity triangle? B -> fKs J-PARC Facility (KEK/JAEA) Linac 3 GeV RCS Neutrino Beams (to Kamioka) Materials and Life Experimental Facility (n, m) Hadron Exp. -
CERN Courier–Digital Edition
CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www. -
Submitted Proposal
Trimmed version of the CNAP PFC proposal to the NSF (page numbers refer to those in the upper right-hand corners) 1 NSF coverpage 2 Project Summary 3 Executive Summary 6 Prior Accomplishments 11 Major Activities Introduction 13 MA1: Neutrino Phenomenology 21 MA2: Neutrino Technology 31 MA3: Neutrino Frontier 41 Education, Development and Outreach 44 Shared Facilities 47 Collaboration with other sectors 49 International Collaboration 50 Seed Funding and Emerging Areas 51 Management 55 Institutional and Other Commitments 56 NSF Summary Table 57 References 64 Abbreviated Biographical Information 73 Center Budget Justification 81 Letter from NC Museum of Natural Sciences 82 List of Supporting Letters 1 COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENT/SOLICITATION NO./CLOSING DATE/if not in response to a program announcement/solicitation enter NSF 08-1 FOR NSF USE ONLY NSF 07-567 01/30/08 NSF PROPOSAL NUMBER FOR CONSIDERATION BY NSF ORGANIZATION UNIT(S) (Indicate the most specific unit known, i.e. program, division, etc.) PHY - PHYSICS FRONTIER CENTER DATE RECEIVED NUMBER OF COPIES DIVISION ASSIGNED FUND CODE DUNS# (Data Universal Numbering System) FILE LOCATION 003137015 EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (EIN) OR SHOW PREVIOUS AWARD NO. IF THIS IS IS THIS PROPOSAL BEING SUBMITTED TO ANOTHER FEDERAL TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (TIN) A RENEWAL AGENCY? YES NO IF YES, LIST ACRONYM(S) AN ACCOMPLISHMENT-BASED RENEWAL 546001805 NAME OF ORGANIZATION TO WHICH AWARD SHOULD BE MADE ADDRESS OF AWARDEE ORGANIZATION, INCLUDING -
2019/20 Perimeter Institute Annual Report English
2020 ANNUAL REPORT VISION To create the world’s foremost centre for research, graduate training, and educational outreach in theoretical physics, uniting public and private partners, and the world’s best scientific minds, in a shared enterprise to achieve breakthroughs that will transform our future. Estelle Inack, Jason Iaconis, and Roger Melko, October 2019 CONTENTS Message from the Board Chair .............................................2 Message from the Institute Director ......................................3 How Perimeter Measures Up ................................................4 Research ...............................................................................6 Training ................................................................................26 Outreach ..............................................................................32 Our Future is Bright .............................................................38 Advancement ......................................................................40 Governance and Finance ....................................................44 Appendices .........................................................................51 This report covers the activities and finances of Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics from August 1, 2019, to July 31, 2020. TODAY'S THEORETICAL PHYSICS IS TOMORROW'S TECHNOLOGY MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD CHAIR The coronavirus has made the past year very difficult. The loss transform epidemiology, finance and insurance, risk of loved ones and the economic, -
Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics Awarded to Terry Tao
156 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics awarded to Terry Tao Our congratulations to Australian Mathematician Terry Tao, one of five inaugu- ral winners of the Breakthrough Prizes in Mathematics, announced on 23 June. Terry is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, and has been awarded the prize for numerous breakthrough contributions to harmonic analysis, combi- natorics, partial differential equations and analytic number theory. The Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics was launched by Mark Zuckerberg and Yuri Milner at the Breakthrough Prize ceremony in December 2013. The other winners are Simon Donaldson, Maxim Kontsevich, Jacob Lurie and Richard Tay- lor. All five recipients of the Prize have agreed to serve on the Selection Committee, responsible for choosing subsequent winners from a pool of candidates nominated in an online process which is open to the public. From 2015 onwards, one Break- through Prize in Mathematics will be awarded every year. The Breakthrough Prizes honor important, primarily recent, achievements in the categories of Fundamental Physics, Life Sciences and Mathematics. The prizes were founded by Sergey Brin and Anne Wojcicki, Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan, and Yuri and Julia Milner, and aim to celebrate scientists and generate excitement about the pursuit of science as a career. Laureates will receive their trophies and $3 million each in prize money at a televised award ceremony in November, designed to celebrate their achievements and inspire the next genera- tion of scientists. As part of the ceremony schedule, they also engage in a program of lectures and discussions. See https://breakthroughprize.org and http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/23/us/ the-multimillion-dollar-minds-of-5-mathematical-masters.html? r=1 for further in- formation.. -
Astronomers Win Big in Science Mega-Awards US$36 Million in Breakthrough Prizes Awarded to Researchers in Physics, Life Sciences and Mathematics
NATURE | NEWS Astronomers win big in science mega-awards US$36 million in Breakthrough prizes awarded to researchers in physics, life sciences and mathematics. Mark Zastrow 10 November 2014 Steve Jennings/Getty Astrophysicists Brian Schmidt, Adam Riess and Saul Perlmutter accept their US$3-million Breakthrough Prizes in Physics on 9 November. The astronomers who discovered dark energy and the developers of the gene-editing technique known as CRISPR have won Breakthrough prizes. At US$3 million per winner, the awards are science’s most lucrative prize. Winners were announced on 9 November at a gala in the iconic Hangar One at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. The first Breakthrough prizes were given in 2012 as a series of physics awards given by Russian Internet entrepreneur Yuri Milner. He soon recruited other online magnates, including Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook, Sergey Brin of Google and Jack Ma of Alibaba Group, to fund awards in life sciences and mathematics. The prizes, which attempt to elevate scientists to pop-culture heroes, have drawn both praise and criticism from the research community. This year’s Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics was given to two teams of astrophysicists who raced to find exploding white dwarfs in distant galaxies. One group was led by Saul Perlmutter of the University of California (UC) in Berkeley, and the other by Adam Riess of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, and Brian Schmidt of the Australian National University in Weston Creek. Their work led to the discovery, in 1998, that the expansion of the Universe was speeding up, leaving cosmologists struggling to explain the apparent ‘dark energy’ that is driving the phenomenon. -
Economics 2880- 1: Introduction Study of Economics of Science Has Developed Rapidly in Past Decade Or So Bcs
Economics 2880- 1: Introduction Study of economics of science has developed rapidly in past decade or so bcs: FACTOR 1)Sci-tech Illuminate major economic problems and Behavior a) Macro/economic growth accounting leaves residual labeled TC that we need to shrink to do more than “observe”/measure growth. First efforts to fill it in were with Human Capital … changing the quality of labot but this analysis treats, say, an engineering degree was the same over time. Then an effort using R&D and patents to get some non-residual measure of technology – disruptive or otherwise – into aggregate production function. STOCK OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE as key input in long term. b) Micro-analysis labor and industrial organization/valuation of firms also forced to examine role of science and engineering. Labor has problem of explaining why despite large increase in education/skills the wage distribution widened from 1970s-80s to present. First effort was “residual” skill-biased TC. But then wage distribution changed in a different way – polarization, Don't want too many epicycles/unobserved TC. Industrial org/valuation of firms has problem explaining firm value, which is nowadays 80% intangible capital – ideas, ability to monetize ideas, etc. c)The sluggish productivity problem Despite the huge increase in number of Scientists &Engineers and in RD spending and in output– papers, patents, productivity growth had STAGNATED in advanced countries and declined in China, Korea, etc. Are there diminishing returns to S&E? is it ideas? Are Ideas Getting Harder to Find? Nicholas Bloom, Charles I. Jones, John Van Reenen, Michael Webb NBER Working Paper No. -
May 2016 LIGO and Virgo Receive Special Breakthrough Prize
The latest astroparticle physics news. Trouble viewing this newsletter? Click here. May 2016 LIGO and Virgo receive Special Breakthrough Prize More than 1000 scientists and engineers involved in the detection of gravitational waves have been awarded a special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. The award of $3 million will be shared between LIGO founders Ronald WP Drever, Kip S Thorne, and Rainer Weiss, and 1005 others in the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration as well as seven additional scientists recognised for their contributions to the success of LIGO. Edward Witten, the chair of the Selection Committee said: “This amazing achievement lets us observe for the first time some of the remarkable workings of Einstein’s theory. Theoretical ideas about black holes which were close to being science fiction when I was a student are now reality.” Yuri Milner, one of the founders of the Breakthrough Prize, described the group’s achievement as “a perfect science story.” The prizes can be shared by any number of scientists. All of the authors of the paper announcing the direct detection of the GW150914 event are included. The seven scientists in addition are Luc Blanchet, CNRS; Thibault Damour, IHES; Lawrence Kidder, Cornell University; Frans Pretorius, Princeton University; Mark Scheel, Caltech; Saul A. Teukolsky, Cornell University; Rochus E. Vogt, Caltech. APPEC chair Frank Linde said: “The first direct detection of gravitational waves was extremely exciting, and has sparked more and more interest in the field. I am very pleased that this international group of pioneers has been honoured with a Breakthrough Prize, and it is a good reminder of the cooperation and collaboration needed to make great strides in science. -
2017 Breakthrough Prizes in Mathematics and Fundamental
COMMUNICATION 2017 Breakthrough Prizes Awarded Jean Bourgain Joseph Polchinski Andrew Strominger Cumrun Vafa Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics be obtained from the results of Weil and Deligne on the Jean Bourgain of the Institute for Advanced Study, Riemann hypothesis over finite fields), as well as the de- Princeton, New Jersey, has been selected as the recipient velopment (with Gamburd and Sarnak) of the affine sieve of the 2017 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics by the that has proven to be a powerful tool for analyzing thin Breakthrough Prize Foundation. Bourgain was honored for groups. Most recently, with Demeter and Guth, Bourgain “major contributions across an incredibly diverse range of has established several important decoupling theorems areas, including harmonic analysis, functional analysis, er- in Fourier analysis that have had applications to partial godic theory, partial differential equations, mathematical differential equations, combinatorial incidence geometry, physics, combinatorics, and theoretical computer science.” and analytic number theory, in particular solving the Main The prize carries a cash award of US$3 million. Conjecture of Vinogradov, as well as obtaining new bounds The Notices asked Terence Tao of the University of Cal- on the Riemann zeta function.” ifornia Los Angeles to comment on the work of Bourgain (Tao was on the Breakthrough Prize committee and was Biographical Sketch: Jean Bourgain also one of the nominators of Bourgain). Tao responded: Jean Bourgain was born in 1954 in Oostende, Belgium. He “Jean Bourgain is an unparalleled problem-solver in anal- received his PhD (1977) and his habilitation (1979) from ysis who has revolutionized many areas of the subject by the Free University of Brussels. -
Looking Back Over 27 Years of Grant-In-Aid Recidivism by Dr
KAKENHI ESSAY SERIES No.14(Feb2009) Looking Back over 27 Years of Grant-in-Aid Recidivism By Dr. Atsuto Suzuki, Director General, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Looking back over the evolution of my research, I couldn’t have cut myself off from Grants-in-Aid even if I had tried. Among the results the program has yielded has been the ability to acquire budgets for well-equipped facilities and to pioneer new fields of research. My initial contact with the Grant-in-Aid Program took place when I moved from the University of Tokyo to the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). Over a 27-year period from 1982 through 2008, I have in both the capacities as a principal and collaborating investigator received support every year from the program. I have listed below these many Grant-in-Aid supported projects. From FY 1982-1984: Specially Promoted Research, titled “Verification of Grand Unified Theory; Nucleon Decay Experiment, Using Water Cherenkov Detector” (Representative: Koshiba Masatoshi) This grant helped foster the Kamiokande (Kamioka nuclear decay) facility and its experiments. The objective of Kamiokande was to verify the Grand Unified Theory by detecting and elucidating the nucleon decay phenomenon. From FY 1985-1986: Basic Research (A), titled “Proton Decay Experiment” (Representative: Teruhiro Suda) This was the most discouraging period in the operation of Kamiokande, as great difficulty was being experienced in detecting nucleon decay and the future of the facility seemed bleak. Then, Dr. Koshiba detected the solar neutrino, so plans were initiated to retool the Kamiokande devices. From FY 1986-1987: Basic Research (A), titled “Observation of Solar Neutrinos” (Representative: Yoji Totsuka) Through a process of trial and error the Kamiokande facility was reconstructed. -
By Joseph Formaggio
Neutrinos in the Spotlight by Joseph Formaggio et’s see what’s on Fox-TV tonight…” It was an unusual “ L sight, to say the least. On one side of the stage, actress Lily Collins reads from a small card extracted from a white envelope. Had someone been surfing the TV channels and stumbled on this moment, he would have reasonably concluded it was just another award ceremony. 46 ) formaggio mit physics annual 2016 Neutrinos in the Spotlight by Joseph Formaggio mit physics annual 2016 formaggio ( 47 figure 1 (Right) Telegram sent by Wolfgang Pauli (above) where he outlines his idea for a new, charge-less particle with very little mass to help explain the energy conservation crisis. “I have done something very bad today by proposing a particle that cannot be detected; it is something no theorist should ever do,” he wrote, describing his idea as “a desperate remedy.” [Courtesy of the Pauli Archive.] But, as Ms. Collins reads from her card, an ensemble of older gentlemen enters stage right. I recognize several of them, not because they are famous actors or artists, but because I have seen them speak at conferences or, as in one particular case, worked closely with him. They were Professors Yifang Wang, Koichiro Nishikawa, Atsuto Suzuki, Kam-Biu Luk, Takaaki Kajita, Yoichiro Suzuki, and Art McDonald. All were being recognized for their work on understanding the properties of neutrinos—on prime-time television. As I said, it was an unusual sight. A mystery thirty years in the making The event that was being televised that evening was the award ceremony for the 2016 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. -
CERN Courier Sep/Oct 2019
CERNSeptember/October 2019 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the September/October 2019 issue of CERN Courier. During the final decade of the 20th century, the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) took a scalpel to the subatomic world. Its four experiments – ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL – turned high-energy particle physics into a precision science, firmly establishing the existence of electroweak radiative corrections and constraining key Standard Model parameters. One of LEP’s most important legacies is more mundane: the 26.7 km-circumference tunnel that it bequeathed to the LHC. Today at CERN, 30 years after LEP’s first results, heavy machinery is once again carving out rock in the name of fundamental research. This month’s cover image captures major civil-engineering works that have been taking place at points 1 and 5 (ATLAS and CMS) of the LHC for the past year to create the additional tunnels, shafts and service halls required for the high-luminosity LHC. Particle physics doesn’t need new tunnels very often, and proposals for a 100 km circular collider to follow the LHC have attracted the interest of civil engineers around the world. The geological, environmental and civil-engineering studies undertaken during the past five years as part of CERN’s Future Circular Collider study, in addition to similar studies for a possible Compact Linear Collider up to 50 km long, demonstrate the state of the art in tunnel design and construction methods. Also in this issue: a record field for an advanced niobium-tin accelerator dipole magnet; tensions in the Hubble constant; reports on EPS-HEP and other conferences; the ProtonMail success story; strengthening theoretical physics in DIGGING southeastern Europe; and much more.