DOCSLIB.ORG

Acronyms and Abbreviations: 2005 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report XII Acronyms and Abbreviations °C Degrees Celsius Ag Silver °F Degrees Fahrenheit AgCl Silver chloride 1-D, 1D One-dimensional AIChE American Institute of Chemical 2-D, 2D Two-dimensional Engineers 3-D, 3D Three-dimensional AIM Application interface module 1Q First quarter of the fiscal year AIP Analytical Interatomic Potential 2Q Second quarter of the fiscal year (computer model) 3Q Third quarter of the fiscal year AIP American Institute of Physics 4Q Fourth quarter of the fiscal year AirCred Air Quality Credits calculation 6F Hexafluorinated (biphenol A) software tool developed by ANL sulfonated poly(arylene ether Al Aluminum sulfone) AlCl3 Aluminum chloride 2 Ω-cm Ohm-square centimeter AlH3 Aluminum hydride; alane A Ampere, amp Al2O3 Aluminum oxide ÅAngstrom AM1 Austin Model 1 AB Ammonia borane AM 1.5 Air Mass 1.5 solar illumination ABMS Agent-based modeling and AMRL Active magnetic regenerative simulation liquefier ABPBI Poly(2,5-benzimidazole) AMRR Active magnetic regenerative A/cm2 Amps per square centimeter refrigerator AC Alternating current ANL Argonne National Laboratory AC Activated carbon ANS American Nuclear Society A/C Anode/cathode ANSI American National Standards ACR Autothermal cyclic reforming Institute ACS American Chemical Society APCI, APCi Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. ACT Alameda Contra Costa Transit API American Petroleum Institute A-D AC-DC (alternating current - direct APR Aqueous-phase reforming current), used to describe a converter APS Arizona Public Service ADG Anaerobic digester gas APS American Physical Society ADM Archer Daniels Midland Company APU Auxiliary power unit ADRY Acceleration of the deactivation Ar Argon reactions of the water-splitting As Arsenic system Y ASCM Automotive System Cost Model, a AECP Association of Energy Conservation spreadsheet model developed to Professionals estimate the costs of advanced AEESM Advanced electrical energy storage technology vehicles and their module components based on PSAT model AEET Alternative energy education outputs technology ASES American Solar Energy Society AEM Analytical electron microscopy a-Si Amorphous silicon AEO2003 Annual Energy Outlook 2003 ASIC Application-specific integrated AER Absorption-enhanced reforming circuit AES Auger electron spectroscopy a-SiGe Amorphous silicon germanium AFB Air Force Base ASM American Society of Metals AFM Atomic force microscopy ASM ASM International - the Materials AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory Information Society AFV Alternative fuel vehicle 1341 DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report ASME American Society of Mechanical BPS Ballard Power Systems Engineers BPSH Biphenyl sulfone H form ASMSS Anode side membrane support BPSH-30 Biphenyl sulfone H form, 30% structure molar fraction of disulfonic acid unit ASPDS Automated spray pyrolysis (30% level of sulfonation) deposition system Br Bromine ASR Area-specific resistance Br2 Diatomic bromine ASTM American Society for Testing and BSE Back scattered electron Materials BTD Best to date at%, at.% Atomic percent BTU, Btu British thermal unit(s) ATCC American Type Culture Collection C Carbon ATG Adenine,Thymine,Guanine, the 3 CCouloumb base combinations that indicate the Ca Calcium first translatable amino acid on the CaBr2 Calcium bromide DNA molecule C&C City and County of Honolulu atm Atmosphere CaCO3 Calcium carbonate ATMI Advanced Technical Materials CAD Computer-aided design Incorporated CAE Computer-aided engineering ATP Adenosine triphosphate CAN Controller area network ATR Autothermal reformer; autothermal CANMET Canada Center for Mineral and reforming Energy Technology Au Gold CaO Calcium oxide AuS Gold sulfide CaS Calcium sulfide Avg Average CATA Centre Area Transit Authority B Boron CbHS Carbon-based Hydrogen Storage Ba Barium CBS Casa Bonita strain barg Bar gauge cc Cubic centimeter(s) bcc Body-centered cubic CCF Complex coolant fluid Be Beryllium cc/g cat/hr Cubic centimeter(s) per gram BES Basic Energy Sciences office within catalyst per hour the DOE Office of Science CCHSS Complex Compound Hydrogen BET Bruner, Emmett and Teller surface Storage System area analysis method CCM Catalyst-coated membrane BH4 Borohydride Cd Cadmium Bi Bismuth CD Compact disk BN Boron nitride CDC Carbide-derived carbon BNH Dehydrogenated ammonia-borane CdS Cadmium sulfide BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory cDNA Complementary DNA B2O3 Boron oxide; diboron trioxide CDO Code development organization BOL Beginning of life Ce Cerium BOP, BoP Balance-of-plant CEA Commissariat a Energie Atomique bp Base pair CEC California Energy Commission BP British Petroleum CEM Compressor/Expander/Motor BPM Brushless permanent magnet CeO2 Ceric oxide BPPPO Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine Cermet Combination of ceramic and metal oxide CERT Committee on Energy Research and BPPPO-35 Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine Technology oxide copolymer, 35% molar CESI Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc. fraction of disulfonic acid unit (35% CF Carbon fiber level of sulfonation) CF Constant flow 1342 DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report CFD Computational fluid dynamics CS Chemically stabilized cfm Cubic feet per minute CS Ceramic support CGA Compressed Gas Association Cs Cesium CGO Cerium gadolinium oxide CSA Canadian Standards Association CH2 Compressed hydrogen gas CSA Cell stack assembly CH4 Methane CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and C2H4 Ethylene Industrial Research Organisation C2H6 Ethane (Australia) C3H8 Propane CSMP Cabot Superior MicroPowders CHARM Cost-effective High-efficiency CSR Catalytic steam reforming Advanced Reforming Module CSTT Codes and Standards Tech Team CHES Corral Hollow Experimental Station CTE Coefficient of thermal expansion Chl Chlorophyll CTO Conductive transparent oxide CHP Combined heat and power CTV Chevron Technology Ventures LLC CI Compression ignition Cu Copper CIGS Copper-indium-gallium-diselenide CU University of Colorado CIS CuInSe (alloy of copper, indium, cu.yd. Cubic yard(s) and selenium) CuO Cupric oxide, copper(II) oxide Cl Chlorine Cu2O Cuprous oxide CLV City of Las Vegas CUTE Clean Urban Transport for Europe cm Centimeter CV Cyclic voltammatry; cyclic cm2 Square centimeter voltammogram CMDR Coupled magnetization- CVD Chemical vapor deposition demagnetization refrigerant CVS Chemical vapor synthesis CMS Carbon molecular sieve CWRU Case Western Reserve University CMU Carnegie Mellon University CY Calendar year CNG Compressed natural gas CZO Ceria-zirconia CNP Combinatorial nanoparticle dDay(s) CNT Carbon nanotube D2 Deuterium CO Carbon monoxide DAE Diels-Alder ether Co Cobalt dB(A) Decibel(s) CO2 Carbon dioxide DC Direct current CoE Center of Excellence DCEC Delaware County Electric COF2 Carbonylfluoride Cooperative, Inc. COS Carbon oxysulfide; carbonyl sulfide DDT Deflagration-to-detonation transition CoTMPP Cobalt tetramethoxyphenyl DFMA Design for Manufacture and porphyrin Assembly CoTPP Cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrin DFT Density functional theory COx Oxides of carbon DFT-GGA Density functional theory - gradient CPC Compound parabolic concentrator generalized approximation CpI Clostridium pasteurianum [FeFe]- DGAC Dangerous Goods Advisory Council hydrogenase DI Deionized c.p.s. Counts per second dL/g Deciliters per gram CPSS Combinatorial powder synthesis DMC Direct manufactured cost system DMFC Direct methanol fuel cell CP-Ti Commercially pure titanium DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Cr Chromium DOD Depth of discharge CRBJT Combined reverse-Brayton Joule- DOD U.S. Department of Defense Thompson DOE U.S. Department of Energy 1343 DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report DOS Density of states EPR Electron paramagnetic resonance DOT U.S. Department of Transportation ES Energy storage DRIFTs Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier ESD Electro-static discharge transform spectroscopy ESR Electron spin resonance DRS Direct recoil spectroscopy EtOH Ethanol DSC Differential scanning calorimetry eV Electron volt DVHS Differential volumetric hydrogen EW Enthalpy wheel storage EW Equivalent weight DVMT Daily vehicle miles traveled EXAFS Extended x-ray absorption fine e- Electron structure analysis E Potential F Fluorine - E1/2 Half-wave potential F Fluorine ion Ea Activation energy FC Fuel cell EC European Community FCB Fuel cell bus ECA Electrochemical area FCCP Carbonyl cyanide ECC Electrochemical compressor m-chlorophenylhydrazone ECE Economic Commission for Europe FCE FuelCell Energy ECS Electrochemical Society FCFP FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership ECSA Electrochemical surface area FCV Fuel cell vehicle ECTOS Ecological City Transport System Fd Ferredoxin (Iceland) FE U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy EDAX Manufacturer of energy dispersive Fe Iron X-ray hardware and software Fe2O3 Ferric oxide EDC Energy distribution curve FEA Finite element analysis EDM Electrical discharge machining FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene; EDS Energy dispersive x-ray Teflon® spectroscopy FER Fluoride emission rate EDTA Electric Drive Transportation FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Association Commission EDX Energy dispersive x-ray analysis fg-ELAT Fine gradient ELAT EEA Energy & Environmental Analysis, FGHA Forming gas hydrogen electode Inc. FHWA Federal Highway Administration EERE U.S. DOE Office of Energy FIB Focused ion beam Efficiency and Renewable Energy FLC Flowering Locus C EESM Electrical energy storage module FMEA Failure modes and effects analysis EGR Exhaust gas recirculation 19FNMR 19Fluorine nuclear magnetic EIA Energy Information Administration resonance of the U.S. Department of Energy FP Fuel processor EIS Electrochemical
Recommended publications
  • Catalytic Role of Solid Acid Catalysts in Glycerol Acetylation for the Production of Bio- Additives: a Review

    Catalytic Role of Solid Acid Catalysts in Glycerol Acetylation for the Production of Bio- Additives: a Review

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20567 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10686b To cite this version: Kong, Pei San and Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine and Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan and Lee, Hwei Voon and Cognet, Patrick and Peres-Lucchese, Yolande Catalytic role of solid acid catalysts in glycerol acetylation for the production of bio- additives: a review. (2016) RSC Advances, 6 (73). 68885- 68905. ISSN 2046-2069 Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] RSC Advances View Article Online REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Catalytic role of solid acid catalysts in glycerol acetylation for the production of bio-additives: Cite this: RSC Adv.,2016,6, 68885 a review Pei San Kong,ac Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua,*a Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,a b c c Hwei Voon Lee, Patrick Cognet and Yolande Per´ `es Bio-additives obtained from the acetylation of biodiesel-derived glycerol have been extensively synthesized because of their nature as value-added products and their contribution to environmental sustainability. Glycerol acetylation with acetic acid produces commercially important fuel additives. Considering that the recovery of individual monoacetin, diacetin (DA), and triacetin (TA) is complicated, many endeavours have enhanced the selectivity and total conversion of glycerol using acetic acid during catalytic acetylation.
  • Catalysis and Chemical Engineering February 19-21, 2018

    Catalysis and Chemical Engineering February 19-21, 2018

    Scientific UNITED Group 2nd International Conference on Catalysis and Chemical Engineering February 19-21, 2018 Venue Paris Marriott Charles de Gaulle Airport Hotel 5 Allee du Verger, Zone Hoteliere Roissy en France, 95700 France Exhibitors Supporting Sponsor Publishing Partner Supporter Index Keynote Presentations .......06 - 13 Speaker Presentations .......14 - 100 Poster Presentations .......102 - 123 About Organizer .......124 - 125 Key Concepts → Catalytic Materials & Mechanisms → Catalysis for Chemical Synthesis → Catalysis and Energy → Nanocatalysis → Material Sciences → Electrocatalysis → Environmental Catalysis → Chemical Kinetics → Reaction Engineering → Surface and Colloidal Phenomena → Enzymes and Biocatalysts → Photocatalysis → Nanochemistry → Polymer Engineering → Fluid Dynamics & its Phenomena → Simulation & Modeling → Catalysis for Renewable Sources → Organometallics Chemistry → Catalysis and Zeolites → Catalysis in Industry → Catalysis and Pyrolysis February 19 1Monday Keynote Presentations The Development of Phosphorus- and Carbon-Based Photocatalysts Jimmy C Yu The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Abstract This presentation describes the recent progress in the design and fabrication of phosphorus- and carbon-based photocatalysts. Phosphorus is one of the most abundant elements on earth. My research group discovered in 2012 that elemental red phosphorus could be used for the generation of hydrogen from photocatalytic water splitting. Subsequent studies show that the activity of red-P can be greatly improved by structural modification. Among the phosphorus compounds, the most stable form is phosphate. Its photocatalytic property was reported decades ago. Phosphides have also attracted attention as they can replace platinum as an effective co-catalyst. In terms of environmental friendliness, carbon is even more attractive than phosphorus. In 2017, we found that carbohydrates in biomass can be converted to semi conductive hydrothermal carbonation carbon (HTCC).
  • One-Step Synthesis of Ester from Alkene

    One-Step Synthesis of Ester from Alkene

    ー論文ー ●One-step synthesis of ester from alkene Madoka Furuta M.C.Kung and H.H.Kung UFO Project Northwestern University Abstract A one-step synthesis of ethylacetate from a feed mixture of ethene, oxygen, and water using a supported Pd and silicotungstic acid catalyst was demonstrated. At about 180℃ and 25% ethene conversion, ethylacetate could be produced with to 46% selectivity, with 34% acetic acid and ethanol that could be recycled. The catalyst was believed to be bifunctional, with Pd providing the oxidation function and the silicotungstic acid providing the acidic function. And this catalyst system had an activity that could produce isopropylacrylate from a feed mixture of propene, oxygen, and water. 1 Introduction C2H5OH + O2 = CH3COOH + H2O (2) Carboxylic acid esters are used in a wide range of applications. They are used, for example, as plasticizers, solvents, surface-active Finally, ethyl acetate is produced by the esterification of ethanol agents, and flavor and perfume materials. There are many known with acetic acid over a catalyst. methods to produce esters. The most common method is the C2H5OH + CH3COOH = CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (3) esterification, which is a reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid1,2）. For example, ethyl acrylate is synthesized from ethyl alcohol and Thus the overall reaction is acrylic acid, and ethyl acetate from ethyl alcohol and acetic acid. An 2C2H4 + O2 = CH3COOC2H5 (4) acidic catalyst, which can be a mineral acid, or polymeric material containing chemically-bound acid groups, such as sulfonated Such a one-step process has the advantage of starting with reactants, polystyrene, is commonly used in the esterification.
  • Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional Quantum Chemical Calculations

    Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional Quantum Chemical Calculations

    J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 10817-10825 10817 Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional Quantum Chemical Calculations Billy B. Bardin, Shailendra V. Bordawekar, Matthew Neurock, and Robert J. Davis* Department of Chemical Engineering, UniVersity of Virginia, CharlottesVille, Virginia 22903 ReceiVed: May 22, 1998; In Final Form: October 5, 1998 The acidity and its effects on reactivity of Keggin-type heteropolycompounds were examined by catalytic probe reactions, microcalorimetry of ammonia sorption, and density functional quantum chemical calculations. Phosphotungstic, phosphomolybdic, silicotungstic, and silicomolybdic acids were used as model compounds. The specific rates of double-bond isomerization of both 1-butene and cis-2-butene were orders of magnitude greater on the tungsten heteropolyacids than on molybdenum heteropolyacids, which suggests the tungsten- containing solids are stronger acids. The rate of double-bond isomerization over silicotungstic acid was similar to that over phosphotungstic acid, indicating the minor role of the heteroatom. Results from ammonia sorption -1 microcalorimetry showed ∆Hsorp on tungsten-based heteropolyacids was approximately 40 kJ mol higher than the corresponding enthalpy obtained on molybdenum-based heteropolyacids. Residual waters of hydration significantly affected both reaction rates and sorption enthalpies. Quantum chemical calculations revealed the most energetically favorable site of the acidic proton to be a bridging oxygen atom in the anhydrous heteropolyacid. Calculations on structurally optimized small metal oxide clusters, as well as the complete Keggin unit, were used to determine the proton affinities by DFT methods. Regardless of cluster size, the proton affinity of a tungsten cluster was always lower than that of an analogous molybdenum cluster by about 20-40 kJ mol-1.
  • Metallated Derivatives of Ammonia Borane with a View to Their Potential As Hydrogen Storage Materials

    Metallated Derivatives of Ammonia Borane with a View to Their Potential As Hydrogen Storage Materials

    Metallated Derivatives of Ammonia Borane with a view to their potential as Hydrogen Storage Materials by Ian C. Evans Supervisor: Dr Paul A. Anderson A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Chemistry College of Engineering and Physical Sciences The University of Birmingham February 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Ammonia borane, NH3BH3, has attracted growing interest in recent years in the field of hydrogen storage due to its high gravimetric hydrogen content. In this study the reaction of NH3BH3 with various metal hydrides was investigated. The reactions with hydrides of lithium and sodium required a molar ratio of 1:2 in favour of NH3BH3 and + − the reaction products were characterised as [Li(NH3)] [BH3NH2BH3] and + − 11 23 [Na] [BH3NH2BH3] , respectively, through solid state B and Na MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The reaction of CaH2 with NH3BH3 required a reaction stoichiometry of 1:4 and this reaction proceeded through a different reaction mechanism, forming Ca(BH4)2·2NH3. The crystal structures of Ca(BH4)2·2NH3 and Ca(BH4)2·NH3 were determined by powder diffraction methods and the reaction pathway investigated through solid state 11B MAS NMR spectroscopy.
  • Recent Developments on Hydrogen Release from Ammonia Borane

    Recent Developments on Hydrogen Release from Ammonia Borane

    6 Recent Developments on Hydrogen Release from Ammonia Borane Our group and others have been interested in chemical hydrogen storage materials that use the elements nitrogen and boron to chemically bind hydrogen. In these chemical hydrogen storage materials, hydrogen is ‘discharged’ by a chemical reaction and the hydrogen is ‘recharged’ by a chemical processing pathway. This makes them unique compared to metal hydride materials or carbon sorbent materials where the hydrogen release and uptake is controlled by temperature and pressure. One compound in particular, Dr. Abhi Karkamkar, Dr. Chris Aardahl, and Dr. Tom Autrey ammonia borane (AB = NH3BH3) has received significant Pacific Northwest National Laboratory interest given its stability and commercial availability. Ammonia borane, isoelectronic with ethane, is a solid at Introduction room temperature, stable in air and water and contains 190 g/kg (100–140 g/L) hydrogen. Figure 1 shows that if Record crude oil prices combined with public interest in energy a large portion of the hydrogen can be liberated, AB has a security have resulted in increased attention to a potential higher gravimetric density than most other reported chemical transportation economy based on hydrogen fuel. One of systems. This capacity coupled with stability has resulted in the greatest challenges is the discovery and development of renewed interest in studying ammonia borane as a hydrogen materials and compounds capable of storing enough hydrogen Ammonia Borane storage material. While the material would not be regenerated on-board to enable a 300-mile range without adding significant “on-board” it could potentially meet many DOE targets. Dehydrogenation Dehydrogenation of weight or volume to today’s conventional automobile.
  • High-Pressure Phase and Transition Phenomena in Ammonia Borane NH3BH3 from X-Ray Diffraction, Landau Theory, and Ab Initio Calculations

    High-Pressure Phase and Transition Phenomena in Ammonia Borane NH3BH3 from X-Ray Diffraction, Landau Theory, and Ab Initio Calculations

    High-pressure phase and transition phenomena in ammonia borane NH3BH3 from X-ray diffraction, Landau theory, and ab initio calculations Yaroslav Filinchuk,1* Andriy H. Nevidomskyy,2 Dmitry Chernyshov,1 and Vladimir Dmitriev1 1 Swiss-Norwegian Beam Lines, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP-220, 38043 Grenoble, France, 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Abstract Structural evolution of a prospective hydrogen storage material, ammonia borane NH3BH3, has been studied at high pressures up to 12 GPa and at low temperatures by synchrotron powder diffraction. At 293 K and above 1.1 GPa a disordered I4mm structure reversibly transforms into a new ordered phase. Its Cmc21 structure was solved from the diffraction data, the positions of N and B atoms and the orientation of NH3 and BH3 groups were finally assigned with the help of density functional theory calculations. Group-theoretical analysis identifies a single two- component order parameter, combining ordering and atomic displacement mechanisms, which link an orientationally disordered parent phase I4mm with ordered distorted Cmc21, Pmn21 and P21 structures. We propose a generic phase diagram for NH3BH3, mapping three experimentally found and one predicted (P21) phases as a function of temperature and pressure, along with the evolution of the corresponding structural distortions. Ammonia borane belongs to the class of improper ferroelastics and we show that both temperature- and pressure-induced phase transitions can be driven to be of the second order. The role of N-H…H-B dihydrogen bonds and other intermolecular interactions in the stability of NH3BH3 polymorphs is examined.
  • Ammonia-Borane: a Promising Material for Hydrogen Storage

    Ammonia-Borane: a Promising Material for Hydrogen Storage

    0 1) Background BES021 Ammonia-Borane: a Promising Material for Hydrogen Storage H3NBH3 H2 + (H2NBH2)n H2 + (HNBH)n H2 + BN 6.5 wt% H 13.1 wt% 19.6 wt% • High storage capacity has drawn attention to hydrogen release methods and mechanisms: – Catalyzed hydrolysis – Solid thermolysis – Catalyzed solid thermolysis - Solution thermolysis in ethers and ionic liquids - Catalyzed solution thermolysis Cf. A. Staubitz et al. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 4079-4124. This presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information 2) Base-Promoted AB dehydrogenation Enhanced AB H2-Release with Proton Sponge in Ionic Liquids or Tetraglyme with Reduced Foaming o NH3BH3 + 5 mol % PS at 85 C in Ionic Liquids or Tetraglyme (250 mg) (91 mg) (250 mg) 5.60 mat. wt. % H2 pKa = 11.1 Himmelberger, D.; Yoon, C. W.; Bluhm, M. E.; Carroll, P. J.; Sneddon, L. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 14101. Proton Sponge Increases Release Rate of Second Equivalent of H2 from AB 2nd Equiv. AB with 5 mol% PS in bmimCl at 85°C Proton Sponge Induces Loss of a Second H2- Equivalent from Thermally Dehydrogenated AB − Model Studies: AB/[Et3BNH2BH3] Reactions Show Chain Growth -H • • + − 2 - NH3BH3+ Li BEt3H Et3BNH2BH3 -H2 − NH BH [Et3BNH2BH2NH2BH3] 3 3 Mass spec and GIAO/NMR studies indicate chain growth • - X-ray structure Et3BNH2BH3 0h • 11B{1H} NMR AB • 67h • AB ★ -19.7 (q) ★ -11.0 (t) -6.1(s) DFT optimized structure of ★ − [Et3BNH2BH2NH2BH3] GIAO calculated 11B chem. shifts: -8.2, -12.0, -23.5 ppm Verkade’s Base Also Activates AB H2-Release 50 wt% bmimCl 2 Verkade’s Base of H Equiv.
  • Acronyms and Abbreviations, Excerpt from DOE Hydrogen Program 2006

    Acronyms and Abbreviations, Excerpt from DOE Hydrogen Program 2006

    XI. Acronyms and Abbreviations °C Degrees Celsius ACR Autothermal cyclic reforming °F Degrees Fahrenheit ACS American Chemical Society 1-D, 1D One-dimensional AC-Transit Alameda Contra Costa Transit 2-D, 2D Two-dimensional AE Alkaline earth 3-D, 3D Three-dimensional AEET Alternative Energy Engineering 1Q First quarter of the fiscal year Technician 2Q Second quarter of the fiscal year AEO Annual Energy Outlook 3Q Third quarter of the fiscal year AES Auger electron spectroscopy 4Q Fourth quarter of the fiscal year AFM Atomic force microscopy 6F Hexafluorinated (biphenol A) sulfonated Ag Silver poly(arylene ether sulfone) AgCl Silver chloride 6FCN-x HexaFluoro bisphenol A based AHCHG Ad Hoc Committee for Hydrogen Gas disulfonated polybenzonitirle (H+ form) AIBN Azobisisobutyl nitrile (x denotes degree of sulfonation) AIChE American Institute of Chemical 6F-x HexaFluoro bisphenol A based Engineers disulfonated polySulfone (H+ form) AirCred Air Quality Credits calculation software (x denotes degree of sulfonation) tool developed by ANL ∆H Enthalpy; heat of reaction AK Alkali ∆H° Standard heat of formation f Al Aluminum ∆P Pressure drop, pressure change AlCl3 Aluminum chloride λ Lambda, hydration number ALD Atomic layer deposition µA Micro ampere(s) AlH3 Aluminum hydride; alane µA/cm2 Micro ampere(s) per square centimeter Al2O3 Aluminum oxide µg Microgram(s) Alt-G1 Alternative dendron generation-one µm Micrometer(s); micron(s) AM Air mass µM Micromolar AM 1.5 Air Mass 1.5 solar illumination µmol Micromole(s) ANL Argonne National Laboratory µΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s) - square centimeter ANS American Nuclear Society µV Micro volt(s) ANSI American National Standards Institute Ω Ohm(s) ANT Albany Nano Tech, SUNY Ω-cm2 Ohm-square centimeter APCI, APCi Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
  • Ammonia-Boron Trifluoride, NH3BF3, and ND3BF3

    Ammonia-Boron Trifluoride, NH3BF3, and ND3BF3

    Mem. Fac. Educ., Shimane Univ. (Nat. Sci.), Vol. 10. pp. 29 34. December 1976. An ESR Study of Radicals Produced in 7'-Irradiated Ammonia-Boron Trifluoride, NH3BF3, and ND3BF3 Kunihisa SOGABE* Abstract : ESR spectra of radicals produced in ammonia-boron trifluoride, NH3BF3, and ND8BF8 subjected to r-irradiated at 77 K were observed. From analyses of these spectra, the radicals were identified as a BF3-0r a NH8BF3-and a ･NHBF2. The latter radical is mterpreted to be prepared by a loss of a hydrogen from NH2BF2, which was produced by the decomposition of the NH3BF8･ ESR parameters of the ･NHBF2 radical were aF=26 G, aB=36G, aN=260 G, and aH=41 G, respectively. These results show that a dative bond of the NH3BF3 differs from that of the NH8BH3 in the bond strengh, although both bonds are stronger than a P-B dative bond in phoshine-boranes under ?'-irradiation Introductiom that a radical produced by T-irradiation of diborane, B2H6, at 77 K was not BH3 radical Boron halides or boranes in which boron formed by a symmetrical cleavage of a B-B atorn is short of two electrons having complete bond but a 'B2H5 by an extraction of one of valence shell could produce many interesting two bridged hydrogens. Lovas and Johnson,9) addition products (adducts) with all molecules also, established that N-B bond in amino- containing an unshared electron pair. In par- fluoro borane, NH2BF2, produced during the ticular, ammonia-boron trifluoride (NH3BF3) gas phase reaction of NH3 and BF3 is fairly or ammonia-borane (NH3BH3) were recognized strong.
  • Transfer Hydrogenation Employing Ethylene Diamine Bisborane in Water and Pd- and Ru-Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

    Transfer Hydrogenation Employing Ethylene Diamine Bisborane in Water and Pd- and Ru-Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

    Molecules 2015, 20, 17058-17069; doi:10.3390/molecules200917058 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Communication Transfer Hydrogenation Employing Ethylene Diamine Bisborane in Water and Pd- and Ru-Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids Sebastian Sahler, Martin Scott, Christian Gedig and Martin H. G. Prechtl * Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (C.G.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-221-4701-981; Fax: +49-221-4701-788. Academic Editor: Nicola Cioffi Received: 2 April 2015 / Accepted: 8 September 2015 / Published: 17 September 2015 Abstract: Herein we demonstrate the use of ethylenediamine bisborane (EDAB) as a suitable hydrogen source for transfer hydrogenation reactions on C-C double bonds mediated by metal nanoparticles. Moreover, EDAB also acts as a reducing agent for carbonyl functionalities in water under metal-free conditions. Keywords: ruthenium; palladium; transfer-hydrogenation; ethylene diamine bisborane; ammonia borane, EDAB, reducing, carbonyl 1. Introduction Hydrogenation is one of the most important chemical transformations used in academia and industry and has received notable attention in the past century [1–7]. It can be performed via transition metal-catalyzed activation of molecular hydrogen and is used in large-scale applications such as hydrocracking [8,9] and the Haber-Bosch-Process [10] or in medium- to lab-scale applications for the synthesis of fine and special chemicals [1–3,11]. However, as the use of molecular hydrogen often requires harsh reaction conditions [12] and the regio- and stereo-selectivity are challenging to control [4,5,7,13], transfer hydrogenation has evolved as useful tool for specific and highly selective hydrogenation under mild conditions [3,4,7,12,14,15].
  • Development of Novel Hydrogen-Based Power Systems for ITS Applications: Phase-I

    Development of Novel Hydrogen-Based Power Systems for ITS Applications: Phase-I

    Development of Novel Hydrogen-Based Power Systems for ITS Applications: Phase-I Final Report Prepared by: Venkatram R. Mereddy Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth CTS 12-38 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. 3. Recipients Accession No. CTS 12-38 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Development of Novel Hydrogen-Based Power Systems for ITS December 2012 Applications: Phase-I 6. 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Venkatram R. Mereddy 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CTS Project #2010006 University of Minnesota Duluth 11. Contract (C) or Grant (G) No. 1039 University Drive Duluth, MN 55812 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Intelligent Transportation Systems Institute Final Report Center for Transportation Studies 14. Sponsoring Agency Code University of Minnesota 200 Transportation and Safety Building 511 Washington Ave. SE Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 15. Supplementary Notes http://www.its.umn.edu/Publications/ResearchReports/ 16. Abstract (Limit: 250 words) There are many remote traffic signals on the road that don’t have access to a regular power supply, so they use batteries that need to be changed quite often. A hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. It offers a clean and high-efficiency energy source to circumvent the problems associated with the conventional batteries. However, one major drawback that limits its utility is the use of compressed metal cylinders as a source of hydrogen. Chemical-based hydrogen production can provide a very compact and low-pressure storage option for the controlled release of hydrogen gas in large amounts.