DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report XII Acronyms and Abbreviations °C Degrees Celsius Ag Silver °F Degrees Fahrenheit AgCl Silver chloride 1-D, 1D One-dimensional AIChE American Institute of Chemical 2-D, 2D Two-dimensional Engineers 3-D, 3D Three-dimensional AIM Application interface module 1Q First quarter of the fiscal year AIP Analytical Interatomic Potential 2Q Second quarter of the fiscal year (computer model) 3Q Third quarter of the fiscal year AIP American Institute of Physics 4Q Fourth quarter of the fiscal year AirCred Air Quality Credits calculation 6F Hexafluorinated (biphenol A) software tool developed by ANL sulfonated poly(arylene ether Al Aluminum sulfone) AlCl3 Aluminum chloride 2 Ω-cm Ohm-square centimeter AlH3 Aluminum hydride; alane A Ampere, amp Al2O3 Aluminum oxide ÅAngstrom AM1 Austin Model 1 AB Ammonia borane AM 1.5 Air Mass 1.5 solar illumination ABMS Agent-based modeling and AMRL Active magnetic regenerative simulation liquefier ABPBI Poly(2,5-benzimidazole) AMRR Active magnetic regenerative A/cm2 Amps per square centimeter refrigerator AC Alternating current ANL Argonne National Laboratory AC Activated carbon ANS American Nuclear Society A/C Anode/cathode ANSI American National Standards ACR Autothermal cyclic reforming Institute ACS American Chemical Society APCI, APCi Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. ACT Alameda Contra Costa Transit API American Petroleum Institute A-D AC-DC (alternating current - direct APR Aqueous-phase reforming current), used to describe a converter APS Arizona Public Service ADG Anaerobic digester gas APS American Physical Society ADM Archer Daniels Midland Company APU Auxiliary power unit ADRY Acceleration of the deactivation Ar Argon reactions of the water-splitting As Arsenic system Y ASCM Automotive System Cost Model, a AECP Association of Energy Conservation spreadsheet model developed to Professionals estimate the costs of advanced AEESM Advanced electrical energy storage technology vehicles and their module components based on PSAT model AEET Alternative energy education outputs technology ASES American Solar Energy Society AEM Analytical electron microscopy a-Si Amorphous silicon AEO2003 Annual Energy Outlook 2003 ASIC Application-specific integrated AER Absorption-enhanced reforming circuit AES Auger electron spectroscopy a-SiGe Amorphous silicon germanium AFB Air Force Base ASM American Society of Metals AFM Atomic force microscopy ASM ASM International - the Materials AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory Information Society AFV Alternative fuel vehicle 1341 DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report ASME American Society of Mechanical BPS Ballard Power Systems Engineers BPSH Biphenyl sulfone H form ASMSS Anode side membrane support BPSH-30 Biphenyl sulfone H form, 30% structure molar fraction of disulfonic acid unit ASPDS Automated spray pyrolysis (30% level of sulfonation) deposition system Br Bromine ASR Area-specific resistance Br2 Diatomic bromine ASTM American Society for Testing and BSE Back scattered electron Materials BTD Best to date at%, at.% Atomic percent BTU, Btu British thermal unit(s) ATCC American Type Culture Collection C Carbon ATG Adenine,Thymine,Guanine, the 3 CCouloumb base combinations that indicate the Ca Calcium first translatable amino acid on the CaBr2 Calcium bromide DNA molecule C&C City and County of Honolulu atm Atmosphere CaCO3 Calcium carbonate ATMI Advanced Technical Materials CAD Computer-aided design Incorporated CAE Computer-aided engineering ATP Adenosine triphosphate CAN Controller area network ATR Autothermal reformer; autothermal CANMET Canada Center for Mineral and reforming Energy Technology Au Gold CaO Calcium oxide AuS Gold sulfide CaS Calcium sulfide Avg Average CATA Centre Area Transit Authority B Boron CbHS Carbon-based Hydrogen Storage Ba Barium CBS Casa Bonita strain barg Bar gauge cc Cubic centimeter(s) bcc Body-centered cubic CCF Complex coolant fluid Be Beryllium cc/g cat/hr Cubic centimeter(s) per gram BES Basic Energy Sciences office within catalyst per hour the DOE Office of Science CCHSS Complex Compound Hydrogen BET Bruner, Emmett and Teller surface Storage System area analysis method CCM Catalyst-coated membrane BH4 Borohydride Cd Cadmium Bi Bismuth CD Compact disk BN Boron nitride CDC Carbide-derived carbon BNH Dehydrogenated ammonia-borane CdS Cadmium sulfide BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory cDNA Complementary DNA B2O3 Boron oxide; diboron trioxide CDO Code development organization BOL Beginning of life Ce Cerium BOP, BoP Balance-of-plant CEA Commissariat a Energie Atomique bp Base pair CEC California Energy Commission BP British Petroleum CEM Compressor/Expander/Motor BPM Brushless permanent magnet CeO2 Ceric oxide BPPPO Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine Cermet Combination of ceramic and metal oxide CERT Committee on Energy Research and BPPPO-35 Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine Technology oxide copolymer, 35% molar CESI Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc. fraction of disulfonic acid unit (35% CF Carbon fiber level of sulfonation) CF Constant flow 1342 DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report CFD Computational fluid dynamics CS Chemically stabilized cfm Cubic feet per minute CS Ceramic support CGA Compressed Gas Association Cs Cesium CGO Cerium gadolinium oxide CSA Canadian Standards Association CH2 Compressed hydrogen gas CSA Cell stack assembly CH4 Methane CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and C2H4 Ethylene Industrial Research Organisation C2H6 Ethane (Australia) C3H8 Propane CSMP Cabot Superior MicroPowders CHARM Cost-effective High-efficiency CSR Catalytic steam reforming Advanced Reforming Module CSTT Codes and Standards Tech Team CHES Corral Hollow Experimental Station CTE Coefficient of thermal expansion Chl Chlorophyll CTO Conductive transparent oxide CHP Combined heat and power CTV Chevron Technology Ventures LLC CI Compression ignition Cu Copper CIGS Copper-indium-gallium-diselenide CU University of Colorado CIS CuInSe (alloy of copper, indium, cu.yd. Cubic yard(s) and selenium) CuO Cupric oxide, copper(II) oxide Cl Chlorine Cu2O Cuprous oxide CLV City of Las Vegas CUTE Clean Urban Transport for Europe cm Centimeter CV Cyclic voltammatry; cyclic cm2 Square centimeter voltammogram CMDR Coupled magnetization- CVD Chemical vapor deposition demagnetization refrigerant CVS Chemical vapor synthesis CMS Carbon molecular sieve CWRU Case Western Reserve University CMU Carnegie Mellon University CY Calendar year CNG Compressed natural gas CZO Ceria-zirconia CNP Combinatorial nanoparticle dDay(s) CNT Carbon nanotube D2 Deuterium CO Carbon monoxide DAE Diels-Alder ether Co Cobalt dB(A) Decibel(s) CO2 Carbon dioxide DC Direct current CoE Center of Excellence DCEC Delaware County Electric COF2 Carbonylfluoride Cooperative, Inc. COS Carbon oxysulfide; carbonyl sulfide DDT Deflagration-to-detonation transition CoTMPP Cobalt tetramethoxyphenyl DFMA Design for Manufacture and porphyrin Assembly CoTPP Cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrin DFT Density functional theory COx Oxides of carbon DFT-GGA Density functional theory - gradient CPC Compound parabolic concentrator generalized approximation CpI Clostridium pasteurianum [FeFe]- DGAC Dangerous Goods Advisory Council hydrogenase DI Deionized c.p.s. Counts per second dL/g Deciliters per gram CPSS Combinatorial powder synthesis DMC Direct manufactured cost system DMFC Direct methanol fuel cell CP-Ti Commercially pure titanium DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Cr Chromium DOD Depth of discharge CRBJT Combined reverse-Brayton Joule- DOD U.S. Department of Defense Thompson DOE U.S. Department of Energy 1343 DOE Hydrogen Program FY 2004 Progress Report DOS Density of states EPR Electron paramagnetic resonance DOT U.S. Department of Transportation ES Energy storage DRIFTs Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier ESD Electro-static discharge transform spectroscopy ESR Electron spin resonance DRS Direct recoil spectroscopy EtOH Ethanol DSC Differential scanning calorimetry eV Electron volt DVHS Differential volumetric hydrogen EW Enthalpy wheel storage EW Equivalent weight DVMT Daily vehicle miles traveled EXAFS Extended x-ray absorption fine e- Electron structure analysis E Potential F Fluorine - E1/2 Half-wave potential F Fluorine ion Ea Activation energy FC Fuel cell EC European Community FCB Fuel cell bus ECA Electrochemical area FCCP Carbonyl cyanide ECC Electrochemical compressor m-chlorophenylhydrazone ECE Economic Commission for Europe FCE FuelCell Energy ECS Electrochemical Society FCFP FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership ECSA Electrochemical surface area FCV Fuel cell vehicle ECTOS Ecological City Transport System Fd Ferredoxin (Iceland) FE U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy EDAX Manufacturer of energy dispersive Fe Iron X-ray hardware and software Fe2O3 Ferric oxide EDC Energy distribution curve FEA Finite element analysis EDM Electrical discharge machining FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene; EDS Energy dispersive x-ray Teflon® spectroscopy FER Fluoride emission rate EDTA Electric Drive Transportation FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Association Commission EDX Energy dispersive x-ray analysis fg-ELAT Fine gradient ELAT EEA Energy & Environmental Analysis, FGHA Forming gas hydrogen electode Inc. FHWA Federal Highway Administration EERE U.S. DOE Office of Energy FIB Focused ion beam Efficiency and Renewable Energy FLC Flowering Locus C EESM Electrical energy storage module FMEA Failure modes and effects analysis EGR Exhaust gas recirculation 19FNMR 19Fluorine nuclear magnetic EIA Energy Information Administration resonance of the U.S. Department of Energy FP Fuel processor EIS Electrochemical