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12 BiAS - Bible in Africa Studies Ezra Chitando, Masiiwa Ragies Gunda, Joachim Kügler (Eds.) PROPHETS, PROFITS AND THE BIBLE IN ZIMBABWE Festschrift for Aynos Masotcha Moyo 12 Bible in Africa Studies Études sur la Bible en Afrique Bibel-in-Afrika-Studien Volume 12 Bible in Africa Studies Études sur la Bible en Afrique Bibel-in-Afrika-Studien edited by Joachim Kügler, Masiiwa R. Gunda, Lovemore Togarasei, Eric Souga Onomo In cooperation with Ezra Chitando and Nisbert Taringa 2013 Prophets, Profits and the Bible in Zimbabwe Festschrift for Aynos Masotcha Moyo edited by Ezra Chitando, Masiiwa Ragies Gunda & Joachim Kügler 2013 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de/ abrufbar Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sonsti- gen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. Herstellung und Druck: Digital Print Group, Nürnberg Umschlaggestaltung: University of Bamberg Press, Andra Brandhofer Umschlagfoto/Deko-Graphik: J. Kügler Textformatierung: M.R. Gunda, J. Kügler & I. Loch Editors-in-chief for this volume: E. Chitando, M.R. Gunda & J. Kügler © University of Bamberg Press Bamberg 2013 http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/ ISSN: 2190-4944 ISBN: 978-3-86309-198-9 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-86309-199-6 (Online-Ausgabe) URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-55996 DEDICATION This volume is dedicated to Dr Aynos Masotcha Moyo on his retirement from active academic service. Dr Moyo taught New Testament Studies at the University of Zimbabwe (and its nu- merous Associate Colleges) for so many years. His commitment to aca- demic excellence, acknowledgement of the role of the Bible in the lives of communities and mentorship of stu- dents and colleagues is appreciated by many. Academics never retire; they carry the quest for knowledge in vari- ous other ways! Together with so many colleagues and disciples the editors and contributors of this Festschrift wish to express their deep gratitude. A D M U L T O S A N N O S ! 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS EZRA CHITANDO, MASIIWA RAGIES GUNDA & JOACHIM KÜGLER 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................9 MASIIWA RAGIES GUNDA & FRANCIS MACHINGURA 2. THE “MAN OF GOD”.................................................................15 OBVIOUS VENGEYI 3. ZIMBABWEAN PENTECOSTAL PROPHETS......................................29 DAVID BISHAU 4. PROPHECY IN AN AFRICAN CONTEXT...........................................55 KUDZAI BIRI & LOVEMORE TOGARASEI 5. “...BUT THE ONE WHO PROPHESIES, BUILDS THE CHURCH”.........79 EZRA CHITANDO 6. PROPHETS, PROFITS AND PROTESTS ...........................................95 TARISAYI A. CHIMUKA 7. REFLECTIONS ON THE MORALITY OF SOME PROPHETIC ACTS IN ZIMBABWE’S PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENTS .............................113 FAINOS MANGENA & SAMSON MHIZHA 8. THE RISE OF WHITE COLLAR PROPHECY IN ZIMBABWE...............133 EZRA CHITANDO, MOLLY MANYONGANISE & OBERT BERNARD MLAMBO 9. YOUNG, MALE AND POLISHED .................................................153 TAPIWA PRAISE MAPURANGA 10. WHAT’S IN A NAME?................................................................171 CLIVE TENDAI ZIMUNYA & JOYLINE GWARA 11. PENTECOSTALISM, PROPHETS AND THE DISTRESSING ZIMBABWEAN MILIEU ............................187 7 BiAS 12 | UBP 2013| Prophets, Profits and the Bible NISBERT TARINGA 12. “FOR WITH GOD NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE”............................... 203 TABONA SHOKO & AGNESS CHIWARA 13. THE PROPHETIC FIGURE IN ZIMBABWEAN RELIGIONS ................ 217 CANISIUS MWANDAYI 14. TRAVERSING THE THIN LINE BETWEEN ‘CHIBHOYI’ (INDIGENOUS SPIRITUALITY) AND MIRACLE WORKING ................. 231 ANNA CHITANDO 15. READING ZIMBABWEAN WRITERS ON CHURCHES AND PROPHETS ....................................................................... 245 PAULINE MATEVEKE, CLEMENCIANA MUKENGE & NEHEMIAH CHIVANDIKWA 16. MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF PROPHET EMMANUEL MAKANDIWA ..................................... 263 CHARITY MANYERUKE & SHAKESPEAR HAMAUSWA 17. PROPHETS AND POLITICS IN ZIMBABWE .................................... 281 TAPIWA PRAISE MAPURANGA, EZRA CHITANDO & MASIIWA RAGIES GUNDA 18. STUDYING THE UNITED FAMILY INTERNATIONAL CHURCH IN ZIMBABWE.......................................................................... 299 JOACHIM KÜGLER 19. PEOPLE WITH A FUTURE ........................................................... 323 NOTES ON THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ............................... 339 8 CHAPTER 1 Ezra Chitando, Masiiwa Ragies Gunda & Joachim Kügler Introduction Back to the Future! A Reader on the Bible, Prophets and Profits in Zimbabwe From about 2009 to the time of writing, Zimbabwe has been under the grip of a ‘prophetic craze.’ Young Pentecostal church founders emerged on the scene, preaching the gospel of prosperity and having miracles of varying levels of sophistication attributed to them. Operating predomi- nantly from urban centres (especially Harare, the capital) and having Pan-African connections (‘spiritual fathers’ from West Africa), these young prophets transformed the religious landscape in a fundamental way. Although responses to their presence are often diametrically op- posed, with some acknowledging them as being ‘truly of God’ and oth- ers dismissing them as ‘gospelprenuers’ who are after money, there is a general consensus that scholars from biblical and religious studies must invest in studying them. This volume is a response to the need for African scholars in biblical and religious studies to be contextually relevant by focusing on religious phenomena found in Africa. It is incumbent upon African scholars, especially those operating from publicly funded institutions, to seek to clarify phenomena found in their contexts. Zimbabwean scholars in biblical and religious studies answered to this call by submitting chap- ters on the theme of prophets and prophecy in the contemporary period. Although their chapters are by no means definitive, given the complexity of the issue under investigation and its capacity to mutate quickly, they have provided a valuable entry point into scholarly discourses on Zim- babwean Pentecostalism, the prophetic phenomenon, the deployment and interpretation of the Bible, the media and prophecy, prophets and gender, and other related themes. How, then, does this volume further knowledge on prophets in Zim- babwe? First, there is a clear appreciation of the centrality of the Bible to debates on prophets in Zimbabwe. Fundamentally, this is because of two related processes. In the first instance, the young prophets present 9 BiAS 12 | UBP 2013| Prophets, Profits and the Bible themselves as standing in the line of the prophets of old, specifically those in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. They deploy the Bible as a defence and maintain that their exploits are “biblical.” However, the term “biblical” is elastic and has been appropriated to support varied beliefs and practices. In the second place, they insist that their exploits are based on the New Testament promises that the followers of Jesus would be able to accomplish stupendous miracles. The Bible, therefore, looms large in discourses on prophets and their attendant miracles in Zimbabwe (and elsewhere). The Bible is one of Zimbabwe’s most popular texts. Its value can be seen in how some people swear by it in ordinary conversations; “Bhaib- heri kudai!” (I swear by the Bible!). It is regarded as a repository of sacred truth and its invocation is designed finalise arguments. The Bible pro- vides solace to those in mourning and its promises are recalled to stu- dents writing examinations. The Bible is not an ordinary text: its reading fortifies new houses and protects those embarking on journeys. When the Bible speaks, Zimbabwean Christians listen intently. It will not mat- ter that it will speak in multiple and sometimes contradictory ways: the Bible would have spoken! Popular musicians such as Paul Matavire will cite the Bible to show how Eve brought sin into world and wonder why Adam did not put up a stronger defence when his charge sheet was be- ing read out to him. Gospel musicians such as Fungisayi Zvakavapano will cite the Bible to remind Zimbabweans that they are God’s chosen people. Politicians such as President Robert Mugabe will remind hearers of the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah, while the Highlanders coach, Kel- vin Kaindu will placate restless supporters by reminding them that the Bible proclaims that “it shall be well.” Can the miracles attributed to the prophets be from God? Are they true prophets in the first instance? By the way, is it possible for false prophets to accomplish mighty deeds? Can the upsurge in the gospel of prosperity be consistent with the original message of Jesus? Must Chris- tians take keen interest in how their tithes are used, or should they sim- ply trust the “men of God?” What does God say about touching His anointed ones? Why are the young prophets almost exclusively male? Is the wife of a prophet (called) a prophetess? Should Christians pray for political leaders, even when most citizens feel stifled? To aswer these pressing and other questions, most Zimbabweans would “download” their Bibles from the highest shelf and ask it to speak. This volume rec- 10 CHITANDO, GUNDA & KÜGLER
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