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Annual Report for the Year Ended June 30, 1959

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Q 11 U52Z FISH United States 1960 ANNUAL REPORT The United States National Museum Annual Report for the Year Ended June 30, 1960 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION United States Xatioxal Museum. UxDER Direction of the Smithsoxiax Institution. Washincjton. D.C.. August 15. 1960. Sir; I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the United States Xational Museum and upon the work accomphshed in its various departments during; the fiscal year ended Jime 30. 1960. Very respectfully, Remington Kellogg. Director. U.S. Xational Museum. Dr. Leonard Carmichael, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, n Contents Page Introduction 1 Exhibits 8 Accessions 30 Care of Collections 43 Investigation and Research 52 Anthropology 52 Zoology 57 Botany 70 Geology 74 Science and Technology 82 Arts and Manufactures 84 Civil History 90 Armed Forces History 93 Publications 96 Donors to the National Collections 108 III June 30, 1960 United States National Museum Director: Remington Kellogg Registrar: Helena M. Weiss Museum of Natural History Director: Albert C. Smith Department of Anthropology: Frank M. Setzler, head curator A. Joseph Andrews, exhibits specialist Archeology: Waldo R. Wedel, curator Eugene I. Knez, associate curator Clifford Evans, Jr., associate curator Robert A. Elder, Jr., assistant curator Gus W. Van Beek, associate curator Physical Anthropology: T. Dale Ethnology: Saul H. Riesenberg, cura- Stewart, curator tor Marshall T. Newman, associate cura- Gordon D. Gibson, associate curator tor Department of Zoology: Herbert Friedmann, head curator Mammals: David H. Johnson, curator Ralph E. Crabill, Jr., associate curator Henry W. Setzer, associate curator William D. Field, associate curator Charles O. Handley, Jr., associate Sophy Parfin, assistant curator curator Marine Invertebrates: Fenner A. Birds: Herbert Friedmann, acting curator Chace, Jr., curator Herbert G. Deignan, associate curator Frederick M. Bayer, associate curator Reptiles and Amphibians: Doris M. Thomas E. Bowman, associate cu- Cochran, curator rator Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator Charles E. Cutress, Jr., associate cu- Ernest A. Lachner, associate curator rator William R. Taylor, associate curator Mollusks: Harald A. Rehder, curator Insects: J. F. Gates Clarke, curator Joseph P. E. Morrison, associate cu- Oscar L. Cartwright, associate curator rator Department of Botany: Jason R. Swallen, head curator Phanerogams: Lyman B. Smith, cu- Grasses: Jason R. Swallen, acting cu- rator rator Emery C. Leonard, associate curator Cryptogams: Mason E. Hale, acting Richard S. Cowan, associate curator curator Velva E. Rudd, associate curator Paul S. Conger, associate curator John J. Wurdack, associate curator Robert R. Ireland, assistant curator Ferns: Conrad V. Morton, curator Woods: William L. Stern, curator Department of Geology: Gustav A. Cooper, head curator Mineralogy and Petrology: George Richard S. Boardman, associate curator S. Switzer, curator Porter M. Kier, associate curator Edward P. Henderson associate cu- Richard Cifelli, associate curator rator Erie G. Kauffman, assistant curator Paul E. Desautels, associate curator Vertebrate Paleontology: C. Lewis Roy S. Clarke, Jr., chemist Gazin, curator Invertebrate Paleontology and Pa- David H. Dunkle, associate curator leobotany: Gustav A. Cooper, Nicholas Hotton in, associate curator acting curator Franklin L. Pearce, exhibits specialist Museum of History and Technology Director: Frank A. Taylor Assistant Director: John C. Ewers Department of Science and Technology: Robert P. Multhauf, head curator Physical Sciences: Robert P. Mul- Kenneth M. Perry, associate curator thauf, acting curator John H. White, Jr., assistant curator; Mechanical and Civil Engineering: in charge of Section of Land Trans- Eugene S. Ferguson, curator; in portation charge of Section of Tools Electricity: W. James King, acting Edwin A. Battison, associate curator, curator Sections of Light Machinery and Medical Sciences: John B. Blake, cu- Horology rator; in charge of Section of Robert M. Vogel, associate curator. Medical and Dental History Sections of Heavy Machinery and Sami K. Hamarneh, associate curator, Civil Engineering in charge of Section of Pharmaceu- Transportation: Howard I. Chapelle, tical History and Health curator; in charge of Section of Marine Transportation Department of Arts and Manufactures: Philip W. Bishop, head curator Textiles: Grace L. Rogers, acting Industrial Cooperation: Philip W. curator Bishop, acting curator Nancy E. Vaughan, junior curator Charles O. Houston, Jr., associate Ceramics AND Glass: Paul V. Gardner, curator acting curator Agriculture and Forest Products: Graphic Arts: Jacob Kainen, curator Edward C. Kendall, acting curator Fuller O. Griffith, assistant curator Department of Civil History: Anthony N. B. Garvan, head curator Peter C. Welsh, associate curator, Arlene P. Ivrimgold, junior curator Political History: Wilcomb E. Wash- Rodris C. Roth, associate curator burn, curator Anthony W. Hathaway, junior cu- Mrs. Margaret Brown Klapthor, rator associate curator Philately and Postal History': Charles G. Dorman, assistant curator George T. Turner, acting curator Mrs. Anne W. Murray, assistant Francis J. McCall, associate curator curator Carl H. Scheele, assistant curator Emily M. Ross, junior curator Numismatics: Vladimir Clain-Stefa- Cultural History: C. Malcolm Wat- nelli, acting curator kins, acting curator Mrs. Elvira Clain-Stefanelli, associate John D. Shortridge, associate curator curator John N. Pearce, assistant curator Department of Armed Forces History: Mendel L. Peterson, head curator Military History: Edgar M. Howell, Naval History: Mendel L. Peterson, acting curator acting curator Craddock R. Coins, Jr., assistant Philip K. Lundeberg, associate cu- curator rator Office of Exhibits: Jolin E. Anglim, Chief Rolland 0. Hower, assistant chief Benjamin W. Lawless, assistant chief Honorary Smithsonian Fellows, Collaborators, Associates, Custodians of Collections, and Honorary Curators Anthropology Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood, Anthro- Betty J. Meggers, Archeology pology H. Morgan Smith, Archeology Neil M. Judd, Antliropology W. W. Taylor, Jr., Anthropology Herbert W. Krieger, Anthropology W. J. Tobin, Physical Anthropology Zoology Paul Bartsch, Mollusks i Allen Mcintosh, Helminthology M. A. Carriker, Jr., Insects J. Percy Moore, Marine Invertebrates Carl J. Drake, Insects Carl F. W. Muesebeck, Insects Isaac Ginsberg, Fishes Waldo L. Schmitt, Marine Invertebrates D. C. Graham, Biology Benjamin Schwartz, Helminthology Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Crayfishes R. E. Snodgrass, Insects A. Brazier Howell, Mammals Thomas E. Snyder, Isoptera Laurence Irving, Birds Alexander Wetmore, Birds W. L. Jellison, Insects Mrs. Mildred Stratton Wilson, Copepod W. M. Mann, Hymenoptera^ Crustacea Botany Agnes Chase, Grasses Floyd A. McClure, Grasses Ellsworth P. Killip, Phanerogams John A. Stevenson, Fungi William N. Watkins, Woods Geology Ray S. Bassler, Paleontology C. Wythe Cooke, Invertebrate Pale- Roland W. Brown, Paleobotany ontology Preston Cloud, Invertebrate Paleon- J. Brookes Knight, Invertebrate Pale- tology ontology ^ W. T. Schaller, Mineralogy History Elmer C. Herber, History F. W. McKay, Numismatics Ivor Noel Hume, Cultural History Exhibits William L. Brown, Taxidermy Deceased, April 24, 1960. 2 Deceased, October 10, 1960. 3 Deceased, March 21, 1900. Annual Report of the Director United States National Museum Introduction The staff of the United States National Museum has for ahnost a decade been modernizing the Museum's exhibits. Since the first of its new hahs, Latin-American archeology, was reopened in 1954, reconstruction of 18 halls has been completed. In the Natural History Museum work is in progress on 6 others, and work on an additional 17 is scheduled. Modernization of the physical science, technology, and history exhibits has been combined with preparations for occupying the new Museum of History and Technology, now approaching completion. All of these exhibits are scheduled to be modernized before they are transferred to the 48 halls of the new museum. Portions of a number of them are already on temporary display in the Arts and Industries Building, and others are in process of design and construction. For an exhibits program of this scope to make significant progress, it nmst be guided by principles that take account of the needs and desires of the Museum's visitors, who last year numbered approxi- mately 6 million. Almost two-thirds of our visitors, it is estimated, are tourists. The others are from Washington and the neighboring states. Nearly half a million of the total are young people who come in school groups — high school seniors on tour from all sections of the Union, foreign exchange students, and classes from schools in the Washington metropolitan area. 1 In spring 1960 the pouring o( concrete (or the foundation slob of the Museum of History and Technology was com- pleted, and by mid-summer erection of structural steel was underway. In this view the building is seen from the director's office in the Natural History Museum, across 12th street. The new museum is rising on the Mall between Madison Drive (left) and Constitution Avenue. At far right across the Avenue can be seen buildings of the Federal Triangle. INTRODUCTION 3 Most of these visitors come to the Museum to be entertained, or to learn. All expect to see on display objects they have encountered at home or abroad, or heard about, or seen in the movies or on tele- vision, or read about in a book. Among the objects they come to
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  • Revised Systematics and Higher Classification of Pierid Butterflies

    Revised Systematics and Higher Classification of Pierid Butterflies

    Zoologica Scripta Revised systematics and higher classification of pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on molecular data NIKLAS WAHLBERG,JADRANKA ROTA,MICHAEL F. BRABY,NAOMI E. PIERCE & CHRISTOPHER W. WHEAT Submitted: 5 May 2014 Wahlberg, N., Rota, J., Braby, M.F., Pierce, N.E. & Wheat, C.W. (2014). Revised Accepted: 12 July 2014 systematics and higher classification of pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on doi:10.1111/zsc.12075 molecular data. — Zoologica Scripta, 43, 641–650. The butterfly family Pieridae comprises approximately 1000 described species placed in 85 genera, but the higher classification has not yet been settled. We used molecular data from eight gene regions (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear protein-coding genes) com- prising a total of ~6700 bp from 96 taxa to infer a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the family. Based on this hypothesis, we revise the higher classification for all pierid genera. We resurrect the tribe Teracolini stat. rev. in the subfamily Pierinae to include the genera Teracolus, Pinacopteryx, Gideona, Ixias, Eronia, Colotis and most likely Calopieris. We transfer Hebomoia to the tribe Anthocharidini and assign the previously unplaced gen- era Belenois and Dixeia to the subtribe Aporiina. Three lineages near the base of Pierinae (Leptosia, Elodina and Nepheronia + Pareronia) remain unplaced. For each of these, we describe and delineate new tribes: Elodinini Braby tribus nova, Leptosiaini Braby tribus nova and Nepheroniini Braby tribus nova. The proposed higher classification is based on well-supported monophyletic groups and is likely to remain stable even with the addition of more data. Corresponding author: Niklas Wahlberg, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.