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A Comparative Study on Jane Austen S and Pramoedya MARRIAGE AND MATCHMAKING NOVELS OF THE PAST FOR THE PEOPLE TODAY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON JANE AUSTEN’S AND PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S SELECTED NOVELS A Thesis Pr esented to The Gr aduate Pr ogr a m in English Language Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requir ements for the Degr ee of Master of Humanior a in English Language Studies by Maria Zakia Rahmawati 06 6332 010 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 A THESIS MARRIAGE AND MATCHMAKING NOVELS OF THE PAST FOR THE PEOPLE TODAY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON JANE AUSTEN’S AND PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S SELECTED NOVELS by Maria Zakia Rahmawati 06 6332 010 Approved by Dr.Alb. Budi Susanto, S.J. Advisor Yogyakarta, December, 2010 ii A THESIS MARRIAGE AND MATCHMAKING NOVELS OF THE PAST FOR THE PEOPLE TODAY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON JANE AUSTEN’S AND PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S SELECTED NOVELS Presented by Maria Zakia Rahmawati Student Number: 06 6332 010 Was defended in front of the Thesis Committee and declared acceptable Thesis Committee: Chairperson: Dr.Novita Dewi, M.S.,M.A (Hons) Secretary: Dr.Alb. Budi Susanto, S.J. Member: Dr.B.B. Dwijatmoko, MA Member: Dr. St. Sunardi Yogyakarta, December 2010 The Graduate School Sanata Dharma University iii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that all the ideas, phrases, and sentences, unless otherwise stated, are the ideas, phrases, sentences of the thesis writer. The writer understands the full consequences including degree cancellation if she took somebody else‘s ideas, phrases, or sentences without a proper reference. Yogyakarta, 01 December 2010 Maria Zakia Rahmawati iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Maria Zakia Rahmawati Nomor Mahasiswa : 06 6332 010 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: MARRIAGE AND MATCHMAKING NOVELS OF THE PAST FOR THE PEOPLE TODAY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON JANE AUSTEN’S AND PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S SELECTED NOVELS Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal : 01 December 2010 Yang menyatakan Maria Zakia Rahmawati v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is very important for me, since it was done in my hectic schedule and work. Without the support from my family, friends, and colleague, finishing this brush was quite impossible. All praise is for Allah, the Exalted. May Allah‘s peace and blessings be on Muhammad, on his family, and on his Companions. The author wishes to acknowledge the members of her thesis supervisor, Dr.Alb. Budi Susanto, S.J for his tremendous effort and assistance in the completion of this project. The author especially wishes to acknowledge Dr.Novita Dewi, M.S.,M.A (Hons) for her ongoing support and instruction, without which the achievement of this goal would have been impossible. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page ......................................................................................................... i Approval Page ................................................................................................. ii Defense Approval Page ................................................................................... iii Statement of Originality ................................................................................. iv Lembar Pernyataan Persetujuan Publikasi ....................................................... v Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ............................................................................................ vii Abstract ........................................................................................................... viii Abstrak ............................................................................................................ ix Chapter I. Introduction ................................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study ........................................................................... 1 B. Research Questions .................................................................................. 12 C. Purpose of the Study ................................................................................ 12 D. Research Objectives ................................................................................ 17 E. Research Benefits .................................................................................... 18 F. Procedures ................................................................................................ 18 1. Data Collection Procedures ................................................................. 18 2. Data Analysis Procedures .................................................................... 18 3. Strategies for Validating Findings ....................................................... 19 G. Significance of the Study ......................................................................... 19 H. Hypotheses ............................................................................................... 21 I. Expected Outcomes .................................................................................. 22 Chapter II. Literature Review .................................................................. 23 A. Marriage and Matchmaking Definition .................................................... 23 B. Characters in Pride and Prejudice ........................................................... 32 C. Characters in Emma ................................................................................. 36 D. Characters in The Girl from the Coast ..................................................... 37 Chapter III. Ironies in Austen’s Selected Novels and Toer’s The Girl from the Coast .............................................................................................. 39 A. Literary Classification .............................................................................. 39 B. Tone .......................................................................................................... 43 C. Ironies of Aristocratic Marriage and Matchmaking in Austen‘s British Community and Toer‘s Indonesian Colonial Society .............................. 46 Chapter IV. Rights of Women in a Family, The Function of Marriage, and Women’s Concern in Economic Safety .............................................. 61 A. Women Position in Marriage and Rights of Property .............................. 68 B. The Function of Marriage ......................................................................... 71 C. Women‘s Concern in Economic Safety ................................................... 73 Chapter V. Conclusion .................................................................................. 79 References ...................................................................................................... 86 Appendices ..................................................................................................... 89 vii ABSTRACT Rahmawati, Maria Zakia. 2010. Marriage and Matchmaking Novels of the Past for the People Today: A Comparative Study on Jane Austen’s and Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Selected Novels. Yogyakarta: English Language Studies, Graduate Program, Sanata Dharma University. Marriage and matchmaking are very dominant in the novels discussed because both authors want to explain – in various ironies, paradoxes, and ambiguities – that marriage and matchmaking do not happen because of the specific financial benefit for the continuing of the aristocrats. Do marriage and matchmaking not also possible – and even better – happen based on the equality of man and woman, egalitarian and democratic? The data in this research includes Austen‘s selected novels (Pride and Prejudice, Emma, and Mansfield Park) , a novel by Toer (The Girl from the Coast), public documents (e.g. newspapers, magazines, journals), and private documents (e.g. personal journals). Such approach has its implication to provide the context for the recent period of (20 - 21st century) to get the picture of Austen‘s view on marriage and matchmaking in the past (18 – 19th century), based on the women characters‘ view as the models. Analyzing the data would be done by doing critical reading on the materials. This research will try to answer three questions. Firstly, due to globalization and pluralism, how does the society in Austen‘s novels view marriage? Is it the same as how do the society here view marriage? And what are their reasons to get married? Secondly, are there any aristocratic social gatherings to get a spouse in Indonesia? Thirdly, are the personality and social class accepted during that period still important especially in Indonesian society nowadays? Then, this research finds some findings. Firstly, that education for the women is needed. So, women will have choices, opportunities, and they can be independent. Toer has already mentioned this in
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