Canadian Monarchist News Les Nouvelles Monarchiques du Canada Winter/Hiver 2017 — No. 39 An occasional Newsletter for members and friends of The Monarchist League of Canada The Monarchist League of Canada / La Ligue Monarchiste du Canada, PO Box 1057, Lakeshore West PO, Oakville, Ontario, Canada L6K 0B2 905-855-7262 (800) 465-6925 www.monarchist.ca THE MONARCHIST LEAGUE OF CANADA – 47th ANNIVERSARY 1970-2017

FEDS AND CROWN: WHITHER THE CANADIAN SECRETARY TO THE QUEEN? WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON VICE -REGAL APPOINTMENTS?

Report and Analysis has not organized in recent decades. by Robert Finch, Dominion It is clearly understood in Ottawa Chairman, the Monarchist that no successor is to be appointed. League of Canada True, MacLeod had had at times A week after CMN sent two ques - a rocky relationship with PMO and tions to a media spokesman in the PCO officials even before the elec - Department of Canadian Heritage, tion of the Trudeau government. on matters of interest and concern Within days of its coming to power, to Canadian monarchists, February the position of Canadian Secretary 17th brought replies that can be best was moved from its prime real estate characterized as unhelpful – in fact, – physical and metaphorical – to the the second was utterly non-respon - Ministry of Canadian Heritage in sive with a mysterious reference to Gatineau, where MacLeod – before unspecified “more general an - his appointments as Senate Black nouncements” – from the Depart - Rod and subsequently Canadian Sec - the Harper government showed its The Governor General & ment’s Media Relations Services. retary to The Queen – had laboured regard for the significant role of the Mrs Johnston welcomed to The questions and replies were loyally and with perseverance for Crown within Canadian democratic Monarchist League celebration as follows: many years in a hornet’s nest of re - institutions was to create the Cana - of Queen’s 90th birthday by Q: Why is there to be no successor publicans. It was astonishingly poor dian Secretary to The Queen role as Dominion Chairman Finch & to Kevin MacLeod appointed as manners and HR practice, to say the a permanent one, with a number of Québec Chairman Marquette Canadian Secretary to The least, and also some measure of the continuing defined responsibilities, Credit: Michael Hudson Queen? Who will be undertaking deteriorated perception of MacLeod, including official Royal Home - those responsibilities, even if not that he discovered the change only comings and the work of the newly- bearing the same job title? by notice detailing ministerial re - formalized Vice-Regal consultation A: There is still an incumbent in the posi - sponsibilities in the Canada Gazette . process. In the past, the title been IN THIS EDITION tion. Any changes to the position will For decades MacLeod was a held for relatively brief periods by OF CMN – DANS CE be announced at an appropriate time. prime and highly-professional or - individuals whose charge it was to NUMÉRO DE NMC Q: The terms of Mr Harper’s ap - ganizer of Royal homecomings to organize one or more of The Queen’s pointees as permanent members Canada and go-to man on many official tours. But the Canadian side Cambridges’ of the Advisory Committee on questions monarchical. However, of day-to-day interaction between homecoming pp 2-4 Vice-Regal Appointments have with that expertise came some un - monarch and her Household, on the GG celebrates lapsed; and as far as we are aware derstandable insistence on the po - one hand, and Canada, on the other Queen’s 90th with no successors have been named. sitions he advocated, be they matters generally fell, depending on the Monarchist League p 5 Is it the Government’s intention of policy or practical details, as being matter to hand, to the Governor Prince of Wales focus to do so, or to use a different pro - the right ones. That for many years General and his Secretary; to the on Indigenous Language cess in recommending vice-regal he enjoyed the confidence and re - Prime Minister; and to senior offi - Revitalization pp 8-9 appointees to the Prime Minis - spect of his Sovereign – who on cials in the PMO and Privy Council Regency Law ter? If the latter is true, what is more than one occasion suggested Office. It is understood that the ea - in Canada pp 11-13 the new process? “What is Kevin’s opinion on such- gerness of Rideau Hall, though per - A: With respect to your second question, and such?” – was tribute to his craft haps not Mr Johnston himself. to more general announcements will be but not necessarily always endearing resume its prime role in this rela - made in due time. to his political masters and their tionship played at least some part in It is known that Kevin MacLeod staffs, on the political as well as the the demise of the Office, even if was precluded from playing any role bureaucratic sides. Neither the MacLeod may occupy it for a few in the Fall homecoming of the Duke Palace nor official Ottawa relished months more. This desire was ap - and Duchess of Cambridge, the first feeling triangulated. parently exacerbated by behind the official Royal homecoming that he One of the many ways in which scenes problems which took place continued on the next page CAMBRIDGES TAKE BC & YUKON BY STORM Monarchy and The Yukon – A Young Monarchist’s Perspective of the Royal Visit

by G. Rhys Watson, made by the Premier of the Yukon question I asked myself as this was Whitehorse, Yukon exactly two months beforehand, was my first one here in this Territory. Whitehorse, Yukon is one of a very welcome surprise to the en - My last experience with a Royal Visit those places in Canada that has tire Territory. It is a rarity to have a occurred when The Queen and the everything you need but fairly lim - Royal Visit here. You can count the Duke of Edinburgh returned to Nova ited in terms of the the frills that number of previous Royal Visits to Scotia in 2010. The first point that I one can be lulled into taking for the Yukon on one hand including noticed is that some of the trappings granted in the larger city centres those of The Queen and the Duke I had seen in that more traditional across Canada: a rustic town, in of Edinburgh in 1959, Princess Province for its Royal Homecoming many ways, with a pace of life that Alexandra in 1967, Princess Anne in – an Anglican Church service, in - would harken of decades gone by. 1982, The Price and Princess of volvement of the local Royal Cana - Few of the 28,872 Whitehorse citi - Wales in 1986 and the Prince of dian Army and Air Cadets or even zens of the Yukon’s total population Wales in 2001. Needless to say, the that of Canadian Forces beyond the of 37,343 would have ever imagined Yukon was excited to be able to wel - local Canadian Rangers, would be that there would be a Royal Visit to come the Royal Couple to their Ter - minimal or non-existent. So I im - the Territory by Their Royal High - ritory, even if the visit would last mediately knew that this visit was nesses The Duke and Duchess of less than a day. going to be different than what I Cambridge. So what does a day-long visit have witnessed or experienced be - The announcement of the visit, look like for the Yukon? This was a fore. As my father said “If the visit continued from page 1 during the Cambridge’s Homecom - of the Committee, as its permanent vertising on government websites ing last fall. Whether the Office of members were all convinced sup - suggesting readers submit applica - the Governor General would be the porters of the Canadian Crown. tions for their own appointment? best instrument to oversee future On the other, it is easy to forget Others have mooted that he would Royal visits is a matter of some de - that the best slate of vice-regals ever ask the incumbent Governor Gen - bate, with Christine MacIntyre, cur - nominated over a period of time eral to consult and come up with a rently Executive Director of Events, were those of Prime Minister Chré - short list for his own successor, pre - Household and Visitor Services, ap - tien, who was entirely open in his sumably to be in post this Autumn. parently being touted to assume a view that these offices were subject That would be a bad precedent, leading role. to “patronage” as much as any other though a safer and more devoted, In the wake of the imminent position essentially in his gift. What - disinterested pair of hands could not abeyance of the Canadian Secretary ever one’s views of M. Chrétien, his be imagined. Yet other prognostica - position there has also apparently people skills were undeniable – he tors who claim to know the PM’s disappeared the Harper-initiated and his appointments office had a mind say that before setting in mo - process whereby permanent mem - keen awareness of who was – and tion a new process he wants to be Kevin MacLeod – Canadian bers of the Advisory Committee on who was not – a “people person” free – without an organized body to Secretary to Queen on outs Vice-Regal Appointments, joined by with qualities difficult to define but advise him as to the GG appoint - with feds two individuals from the province very obvious when they are lacking! ment (as was the case for all his suc - concerned, solicited widely and He wasn’t afraid to appoint Lieu - cessors but Mr Harper) – so that he openly for public input as to who tenant Governors with political can ensure the individual is a First would make a good Lieutenant Gov - backgrounds when he knew the in - Nations person. That is a splendid, ernor, and then presented a short dividual would quickly transcend popular and long-overdue notion; list to the Prime Minister. (The any partisan liability – one thinks but again, should a particular cir - process first had an ad hoc – and very of Jack Wiebe and Lynda Haverstock cumstance be allowed to create a po - successful – try-out with the selec - in Saskatchewan. tentially unfortunate precedent? tion of the present Governor Gen - Anyone who imagines the Har - The fact that well into the second eral in 2010.) per process was devoid of politics is year of M. Trudeau’s ministry such Monarchists had somewhat con - simply living in an alternate reality matters are not only not settled, but flicted opinions on the new process. – the temporary Committee mem - one cannot even receive a substan - On the one hand, it could stimulate bers often were “in the know” parti - tive reply to questions about them, interest in the vice-regal office, san appointees, and none the worse speaks volumes either about the de - thereby leading to a greater appre - for it. Federalists and the legal com - gree of importance the government ciation of its significance. As well, munity in Quebec openly spoke of attaches to them, or that there is as Canadian Heritage Minister and to his great credit, Mr Harper Michel Doyon’s upcoming appoint - yet no agreement/decision on the (and reputed monarchist) spent many hours with each Com - ment as Lieutenant Governor even way forward amongst those who the Mélanie Joly with her boss. mittee, asking searching questions as “the process” was still underway; PM consults on such matters. If the about the candidates on its short list while senior Tory Minister and latter be true, why on earth weren’t and sometimes undertaking further Harper intimate John Baird made the Ministry communications peo - inquiries on the part of his staff, be - no secret that Liz Dowdeswell was ple told to say so? Prudential fore, as always remained his Prerog - the settled choice for Ontario. thought is better than persons un - ative, choosing one, after a meeting Some have opined that M. Tru - acquainted with the issues rushing and then usually making a personal deau’s process for Senate appoint - in. But everyday logic for the rest of introduction of the new vice-regal ments suggests he will continue us seems not to operate in Ottawa; to the province and media. More, with a Committee for vice-regal it “moves in mysterious ways [its] monarchists could not help but feel nominations, similar to the lapsed wonders to perform.” a degree of confidence in the work body. Though do we really want ad -

2 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 was made to be too refined would it see it so well represented through - really be the ‘Yukon’ any longer?” He out the visit. This was a common has a way of making a point stick, thread: the diversity of our commu - and from the little dribs and drabs nity and the history of Canada in of the planning of the event that I the North. The Royal Couple’s last heard seemed to be First Nations- day here would even be in a com - oriented together with an emphasis munity that is predominantly First on the history of the Yukon at our Nations surrounded by the natural local MacBride museum; exposure beauty of the landscape and people to the friendliness of our people that inhabit it. with a street party; and giving Leading up to the event there was William and Catherine an experi - a Duke of Edinburgh International ence of the vast untouched wilder - Award Silver Level ceremony two ness of this Territory represented by weeks earlier, the first of its kind beautiful Carcross. ever in the Territory, and presided The RCMP, on the other hand, over by the Commissioner of the were omnipresent, not only for se - Yukon. Two weeks before this the curity but also because they are well Canadian Armed Forces conducted rooted in the Yukon. Dawson City Operation NANOOK with scores of was the first Headquarters of the military members of Her Majesty’s North-West Mounted Police and Canadian military. Two weeks before many of the legendary leaders of the that I was publicly presented my Life RCMP served here including Super - Membership Certificate in the chance to speak with the Duke and (top left) The Prime Minister intendent Sam Steele, the Lion of Monarchist League of Canada at Tay - Duchess. Canadian Rangers are Can- and Her Excellency join the the North. Even the Commissioner lor House by the Commissioner of adian Armed Forces Reservists who Royals in greeting a few of the of the Yukon chose a non-commis - the Yukon. These events couldn’t serve in nearly every community hundreds of thousands who sioned Mountie to accompany him have been timed any better, and sim - across Canada’s Arctic. Many patrols turned out to welcome them as his Aide-de-Camp. ply added to the anticipation and are almost completely aboriginal to British Columbia. What I really thought mattered excitement of the upcoming Royal and teach others the survival skills (top) 30 members of Victoria most was that our First Nations were Visit. needed in this harsh environment. Branch were selected to enjoy so deeply involved in this visit. They The visit, scheduled for less than Rangers serve as the ‘eyes and the special seating close to the dais represent nearly 21% of the total 24 hours, commenced with the ar - ears’ of the North. Many here also outside the BC Legislature for population, with the largest of the rival of the Royal Couple at the know that there is a strong connec - the arrival ceremony greeting the Cambridges. Self-Governing Nations in White - Whitehorse International Airport tion between the Canadian Rangers Credit: Valerie Holden horse representing just over 14% of around 6:30pm on the 27th of Sep - and Prince William as he and Prince the City’s population. They would tember. They were met on the tar - Harry were made Honorary Rangers take centre stage from the initial ar - mac by the local dignitaries as well in 2009. The community who came rival through to the departure of the as the Governor General. Waiting on to greet the Royal Couple had waited Royal Couple. I have learned to cher - the tarmac were both Canadian for hours on a very cold and damp ish our rich First Nations’ culture in Rangers and Junior Rangers who evening. Nonetheless, everyone felt the Yukon and was really pleased to were promptly inspected and had a excited and the level of energy in the crowd was something that I have never witnessed before in White - horse. People were bursting with pride about the Royal Couple choos - ing to visit us in the Yukon. Though the Royal Couple opted to leave Prince George and Princess Char - Keith Roy, Monarchist League lotte behind, people felt honoured senior spokesman in Western to have The Duke and Duchess in Canada, helped CTV anchor its their midst. All of us knew that the live coverage of the next 24 hours were going to be a Cambridges’ homecoming whirlwind experience for them. Soon after their motorcade em - barked from the airport, the Royals were taken to the Kwanlin Dün First Nation’s Cultural Centre’s Long - house where they were told stories, listened to music, watched various performers and met local artists, as well as visiting the sacred fire next continued on the next page

Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 – 3 continued from previous page to the Yukon River. This character - my father had texted me that he of excitement, joy, energy and hap - istic First Nations’ event told not found a perfect spot near the end of piness of the crowd with the Royal only the story of the First Nations the route where the motorcade Couple in their presence, something SIDE BENEFIT in the Yukon but also allowed the would eventually pick up William I will never forget. TO ROYAL Cambridges to witness the diversity and Catherine. So there I joined him I heard stories from my friends HOMECOMING of our community of many different when the Royal Couple moved past in Carcross where they saw a First cultures and backgrounds, with res - where I was located. I was very close, Nation traditional dance to welcome Shelley MacDonald idents living together in harmony only one small child back from the dignitaries, with the local commu - is a Yukon jewelry to make the Yukon, a very special barrier. Finally the couple emerged nity nestled in amongst the moun - design er who had place to live. from the museum and they took tains, Bennett Lake and mountain “no idea” that the The next day my father and their time meeting and speaking biking on Montana Mountain. The Duchess of Cam- mother woke me to travel to the mu - with people. community was as thrilled as White - bridge owned a pair seum. It was the first time ever that At the Healing Totem they met horse was and, from what I was told, of bronze ear-rings my father has given me his permis - leaders, looked at the local art and if you went there for the visit instead (pur chased by her sion to skip classes at school. We left seemed genuinely interested in what of Whitehorse, you had an excellent stylist during an our house and made our way into they were seeing. The Duchess was chance to meet the Royal Couple August recce of the town where he dropped me off near simply beautiful and elegant. She per sonally as the event occurred tour) of an Ulu the MacBride Museum where I had an incredible way of speaking nearly mid-day when many people (traditional knife) would then proceed to the Healing with everyone there, casting a smile were at work or at school. design – nor that Totem near the Yukon River’s wa - to people or waving to onlookers in In summary, I am proud to have she would wear terfront. When I arrived I noticed the distance. Prince William was the participated in this event and be a them when visiting hundreds, maybe thousands, already same and didn’t rush the event that Young Monarchist. Though there is Car cross. The so- waiting there eagerly to see the Whitehorse called a ‘street party’. only a few of us here in the Yukon, called “Kate effect” Royal Couple. I was two hours early There was cheering, laughter and a the Yukon sincerely supports and brought Shelley but felt three-hours late with so positive ambience through the en - admires the Crown in Canada, par - 540 sales from many already there, Canadian, tire crowd. The Commissioner of the ticularly our First Nations. This Ter - around the world – Yukon and Union Jack flags in hand; Yukon walked along-side introduc - ritory located North of the 60 th par - and she has had to red, white and blue balloons floating ing Yukoners to the Royal Couple allel is one of beauty, diversity and hire an assistant! everywhere; posters, tents, displays, and taking frequent opportunities friendliness that is unmatched in street performers, artists, cameras, to speak to youth. I tried to reach many places. The entire population maple taffy, hot chocolate and a dis - over the little child to shake hands spread over 5% of Canada’s land is tinctly overwhelming feeling of with Prince William but missed my no larger than a suburb of a larger pride and delight. opportunity. Fair enough, I took a city. So it is that we share a strong Soon afterwards the motorcade few good pictures with my camera. sense of identity only bested, from arrived at the MacBride Museum After the Royal Couple had passed my perspective, by Newfoundland and the Royal Couple entered for me I met a local television reporter and Quebec, If anything stood-out their tour of Yukon history. They who asked me questions about the to the world about the Royal Visit it made history by transmitting the visit, and then I caught up with my is that here in the Yukon, we are territory’s first message from a tele - father. We didn’t get many pictures hugely supportive of the Canadian graph turned into a tweet. The mes - from his vantage-point but the one Monarchy. sage was transmitted in Morse code we did was the final wave ‘good-bye’ Now that the Royal Homecom - from the historic Telegraph Office from Prince William to the crowd ing is over I have to turn to my most at the museum to a Twitter account, before leaving in the motorcade. important task after school, stacking the first telegraph to be sent from Soon after the crowd dispersed, and wood. Winter is coming and they the historic Telegraph Office in I was headed to school for the af - tend to be long and dark here in more than 80-years. While they ternoon for my weekly math test. I Canada’s North. were there I found my own perch: already missed the intoxicating level

4 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 GOVERNOR GENERAL & MRS JOHNSTON CELEBRATE QUEEN’S 90th WITH MONARCHIST LEAGUE On April 20, over 250 League John ston is so admired. His Excel - members and guests hailing from as lency then spoke warmly of The far as Halifax and Victoria welcomed Queen and her sense of commit - Their Excellencies, the Governor ment and duty, after which, in the General and Mrs Johnston, to an af - presence of its Master, Sandra Han - ternoon celebration on the eve of ington, he unveiled the Royal Cana - The Queen’s memorable birthday. dian Mint’s souvenir coin to mark Due to the kindness of L Col Chris the birthday. Those on the dais Stewardson, Commanding Officer joined Their Excellencies on the of the Governor General’s Horse ballroom floor to sing an English Guards, elements of their renowned and a French verse of Happy Birth - band hailed the vice-regal party with day/Bonne Fête to The Queen, which brass fanfares and led the singing of was posted on social media and in - the Anthems, then provided back - cluded in the League’s CD tribute to ground music for the reception, all the Sovereign. The Johnstons found under the capable direction of Cap - time to greet most guests individu - tain PJ Van Auken. The large media ally before giving media interviews contingent was impressively han - and later proceeding to a a launch dled by Aaron Campbell in the of his recent book at the Toronto Churchill Ballroom of the Chelsea Public Library. Hotel in Toronto. Amongst other gifts to mark the Their Excellencies were received memorable achievement of our at the hotel entrance by Dominion Monarch’s years, the Government of Chairman Robert Finch and Québec Alberta gave The Queen a walking Chairman Francois Marquette, In a trail, the Commonwealth Walkway, brief program prior to their min - in Banff National Park, while the her gling with the crowd, Chairman vice-regal representatives and the Finch welcomed guests, after which Territorial Commissioners present - “the gang of four” young mon arch - ed a hand-illuminated Loyal Address ists – Patrick Harris, Cian Horrobin, of “hearty congratulations” ending Andreas Kyriakos and Vladislav with the wish “that God will con - Yakov lev – introduced the GG, each tinue to watch over, protect and giving a brief vignette of why Mr guide your path...”

Sylvia Cook (l) and Loretta Ray from Hamilton with the Royal Canadian Mint’s commemorative coin unveiled at the League celebration.

The Governor (photos from top) General speaks – The Governor General leads guests in singing Happy Birthday to The Queen. with Daniel Le Gouverneur Général se joint au chant télévisé de Bonne Fête à la Reine. Kashepava and – Patrick Harris (the remainder of the Gang of Four partially obscured behind him) Derwin Mak helps to introduce the Governor General. as Jocelyn – Their Excellencies join some of the Young Monarchists who assisted with the Badovinac and Celebration. Gwyn Wilmot – Singing of the National Anthem: front row l-r are League benefactors Jonathan look on. Brickwood, Roy Eappen, Byron Thomas; Chairman Finch; the Governor General & Mrs Johnston; L Col Chris Stewardson, CO of the Governor General’s Horse Guards; and Master of the Royal Canadian Mint Sandra Hanington. Credits: Michael Hudson, top & bottom, top left; Sgt Ronald Duchesne, Rideau Hall, OSGG. © Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada represented by the Office of the Secretary to the Governor General, 2016, 2 middle photos, below left.

Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 – 5 THE IDEA OF CANAD A: LE TTERS TO A NATION The Governor General’s remarkable book: reviewed by Monarchist League members

Sovereign’s representative exercises was pleased to see the proceeds of his right to encourage or warn only the book are generously being do - privately, and to the Prime Minis - nated to the Rideau Hall Foundation ter. and I applaud Johnston for that. Johnston’s letters are often linked by topic but each is separate and sent Ian McKechnie, to a different recipient. Replies – if Peterborough, ON: indeed the letter was actually deliv - Inspiring content ered) are absent. However, this pro - The Idea of Canada: Letters to a Nation , vided me the opportunity to con - challenges any assumption that the sider how I may have responded to vice-regal office is no more than a Johnston’s words had I been the re - rubber stamp for the government of cipient. the day, while simultaneously avoid - EDITOR’S NOTE: Members were My interest in the lettera varied, ing the temptation to publicly chide asked in a Spring E-communiqué to ebbing when they lacked obvious his ministers, a temptation which volunteer to share their impressions context. Johnston’s writing style re - can so easily beset any head of state of His Excellency’s recently- minded me of both his years as an or representative thereof. Structured published book. What follows are educator and his service as Governor as a collection of almost fifty letters General. In both roles he would reg - addressed to a diverse array of indi - edited extracts from their reviews. ularly deliver speeches. Sometimes viduals, The Idea of Canada flows from the letters made me feel that I was the pen of a man who, for the past Scott Burke, being lectured at instead of engaged six years, has represented his Sov - Halifax, NS: in a two-way conversation. It also ereign and fellow Canadians at an overview seemed as if somehow he felt the home and abroad with skill and hu - focused on style recipient (like an audience) would mility. When I select a book for my bed - need to take a lengthy lap down The letters themselves are a joy side table I ask: Will I learn anything their own memory lane to remind to read; a few have been adapted from this book? Will I find it enter - themselves of their accomplish - from speeches given by His Excel - taining, inspiring or interesting? ments, plans or failures before mov - lency. One is a “Challenge To Law - Who would I recommend it to? ing onto the real purpose of the let - yers: To the twenty-seven clerks of Would I want to keep the book for ter. Most letters recognize an the Supreme Court of Canada” a 20- my own collection or pass it on? achieve ment, update the recipient page whopper about the importance A quick overview: the book is on daily life, express a belief, share of striving for the public good. It composed of letters that Johnston new information on a topic or con - reads like a formal lecture and seems has written to people, both dead and vey a feeling. Telling a recipient ex - really beyond the scope of The Idea alive, from a variety of backgrounds. hausting details about matters they of Canada . Sometimes the letters were mailed likely already know after a wealth of Monarchists will no doubt be while others were never posted. personal experience seems tedious eager to read what His Excellency Each letter ends with biographical and superfluous. has to say about the Crown in Can - insight about the recipient, so mak - Early in the book, Johnston made ada. He addresses this topic in two ing the reader’s experience the more me laugh when he commented that letters, the first to the Jesuit author enjoyable. he drives his chatelaine crazy when and monarchist Jacques Monet: “An My first observation: I found that he tosses a book aside which didn’t individual institution: The essential Johnston was veering close to a line grab his attention after twenty or so function of our governor general,” he must be careful not to cross while pages. I have to be honest, Mrs. and the second to a Deborah Vuyl - serving in his present role. As a serv - Johnston would have been disap - steke, a teacher: “What’s a Monarchy ing nonpartisan representative of pointed in me too because I almost For? Ask the useful question.” the Queen he should not be com - did that with her husband’s book; Taken together, both letters ex - menting on any government legis - but I persevered because I wanted amine the constitutional and deco - lation or policy direction. In one let - to give the author the opportunity rative functions of the Crown, with ter he refers to issues concerning to change my mind. On reflection I Johnston citing such stalwart au - First Nation communities and im - made the right decision. Did I find thorities as Monet, Forsey, Hogg, plies that their leaders and govern - the book entertaining, inspiring or MacKinnon, and Robertson Davies ment should show leadership in - interesting? I found it interesting to make his points. In comparing stead of just managing the issues. I but not entertaining. As for inspir - Canada’s system of government to felt uncomfortable with this, as with ing, that’s a harder call. While I that of the United States, His Excel - the contents of a letter to the Presi - found Johnston’s own passion for is - lency notes that “the political divi - dent of Mexico. Although these let - sues inspiring, I to date anyway sions of pure republicanism could ters would not normally be for pub - haven’t felt inspired to act on any easily lead to failure of the state”. lic consumption they are now particular issue but that may come While republicans routinely remind avail able for the world to read; in with time and reflection. monarchists that the chances of his official capacity some were better I would recommend this book to Canada adopting an American-style kept private. I’m sure his letters are academics including philosophers presidential system in lieu of con - well intentioned, may offer sound and debaters. I would also suggest it stitutional monarchy are slim, John - advice and are more reflective than to any Canadian intrigued by ston’s observations were apt in 2016, argumentative, but by tradition the Canada’s historical consciousness. I when our American neighbours

6 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 were making their way through the beyond Canada and reinforcing the most divisive presidential election idea that many of our values are campaign in modern history. shared amongst nations. Perhaps a As with most of this nation’s collection of Letters to a Commonwealth Gov ernors General, Johnston does will soon be in the works! not limit his discussion to his con - stitutional raison d’être , but also ex - Daniel Randell, plores his role as Commander-in- Calgary AB, Chief through a series of thought- Service stressed and lived provoking letters about those who Making a book from a collection run towards danger to save from its of letters is an interesting concept, clutches those who are fleeing it; and one that I would have thought the significance of service in the rather difficult. His Excellency how - Canadian Armed Forces; and a ever, has crafted a literary work poignant reflection on what the First which encapsulates a remarkable World War meant for Canada’s com - amount of coherence despite fun - ing-of-age. damentally being a large collection His Excellency also devotes a dealing briefly with varied topics. number of letters to the themes he The Governor General writes ele - has championed over the years: the gantly, and yet his material is easily diplomacy of knowledge; building a understood. When discussing the ju - smarter, more caring nation; volun - dicial systems employed by Canada teerism. Like our Sovereign and royal and Mexico in his letter to Enrique family, Johnston draws attention to Peña Nieto, His Excellency’s writing the good works being carried out by is not full of legal jargon, but care - Canadians from all walks of life. In a fully explains to readers the differ - Gwen Day, Victoria, BC letter to Craig and Marc Kielburger, ences between the Canadian and The reader is fascinated about His Excellency cites organizations Mexican systems in a manner com - the breadth of interests of David from the St. John Ambulance to prehensible to anyone. Johnston – from the letter wishing Community Foundations of Canada Letters to a Nation stresses Mr John - an end to the violence in hockey to as contemporary examples of how ston’s steadfast belief in service as one finding that astronaut Chris Canadians give back to their com - the highest calling for any individ - Hadfield’s space voyages are a thrill - munities. Meanwhile, John ston’s ual, and affirms that service is a hall - ing way of viewing ourselves from a brilliant letter to former Lieutenant mark of Canada, and an inherent different perspective, and another Governor James Bartleman looks at part of what it means to be Cana - prais ing Celine Dion, praising her how the latter’s very successful book dian. Many of the letters stress that for not letting her international fame collection programme is a telling ex - public service is of the utmost im - make her forget her proud heritage. ample of how education and recon - portance in this country, and that In a letter to one of his predecessors, ciliation stand side by side, vis-à-vis ways must be found to engage and Roland Michener, Johnston reflects the First Nations. enlist the next generation in service on how the Awards for Journalism The Idea of Canada: Letters to a Nation to the people, communities, and in his name have encouraged jour - is a marvelous piece of writing, truly government of Canada. Overall, His nalists to write unpleasant stories important and insightful so that this Excellency’s letters testify to a life in order to raise public awareness reviewer would love to see a sequel. that has been lived in humility, hon - of, for instance, of violence against How about letters to His Excel - esty, and in the pursuit of knowl - women. lency’s counterparts in the other edge. Yet most of all, they pay tribute realms, thus broadening the focus to a great nation and its’ people.

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Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 – 7 A Highlight of The Prince of Wales’s Canadian cha

he Prince of Wales is one tongue declined from 87.4% to loted an initiative in 2014 working of the world’s foremost so - 29.3%”. with SayITFirst and One Laptop per cial entrepreneurs. Begin - Most recently, the 2011 census re - Child Canada to create digital books ning with the founding of ports over 60 aboriginal languages, in four languages that were made The Prince’s Trust in 1976, HRH has 12 language families and 213,500 available to 15,000 Aboriginal youth built one of the UK’s largest multi- speakers. Yet many of those speakers through laptops and e-readers. cause charitable enterprises. His are elderly and there is real danger Building on this pilot project, charities focus on four pillars of in - in many languages not being passed PCC expanded the Indigenous Lan - terest: education and young people, along particularly amongst the guage Initiative by creating printed responsible business, the built en - small er language groups. books to be distributed directly to vironment and global sustainability. Prince’s Charities Canada, the children. Working in partnership The Prince has a charitable presence Canadian charitable office for HRH with SayITFirst to produce books in Canada, Australia, New Zea land, The Prince of Wales, began working and corresponding audio-video re - Romania and the United States, with in the area of Indigenous languages sources for this project. Through projects throughout Commonwealth in 2014 and currently has several SayITFirst’s unique approach, the realms and in other countries projects designed to encourage flu - books will be accessible to native around in world. ency in young speakers as well as ef - and non-native speakers. The books In Canada, the Prince has 14 dif - forts to improve the long-term via - will be written in the Aboriginal lan - ferent initiatives which range from bility of languages. guage, phonetically in the Aboriginal encouraging veteran entrepreneur - dialect and in English. By having the These include: ship to engaging corporate leaders book written in phonetics alongside in social action. One of the fastest • Creation of Children’s Books the Native Language, it will ensure growing areas of work revolves a - and related resources that non-fluent speakers can read round the revitalization of tradi - The goal of this project is to cre - the language. tional Indigenous languages. ate resources that will be used to Each book will also have an audio Language is critically linked to teach Indigenous children to read video component in the form of an culture and identity yet due to a va - and speak their Native language, and app that can launch any of the books riety of factors ALL of the Indige - to help achieve a larger ambition of simply by scanning the cover and nous languages in Canada are facing revitalizing Indigenous languages. which are narrated by a Native Elder. decline and in some cases extinc - By targeting children aged 4-8 years The narration corresponds to the tion. Much of this decline is recent, old, when second language acquisi - pages of the books so that children “between 1951 and 1981 the percent - tion skills are at their peak, PCC be - and adults can read along. The app age of Aboriginal people reporting lieves that they have the best chance also features a video-close-up of the an Aboriginal language as a mother to help preserve languages. PCC pi - Elder’s mouth so that children can

8 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 aritable work: Indigenous Language Revitalization

better see how certain sounds are • Video Resources Seven communities have been 1iQ ţ University and publisher SayITFirst, teaching language fundamentals to Schools keep all the computers pro - PCC is creating 15 children’s books children (ages 3-5). This “virtual vided and receive a year’s worth of

in three dialects of Cree (five books teacher” will complement language ongoing support. &RQFHSWE\ 9HURQLFD $WZLQ 7UDQVODWLRQVE\/RUUDLQH $OOHQ per dialect). Books will be delivered instruction and serve as a resource :ULWWHQDQG ,OOXVWUDWHG E\ 0LNH 3DUNKLOO and read to children in communities for instruction. • Other Support for where First Nations University ed - Indigenous Communities ucation and language students have • Digital Revitalization Prince’s Charities Canada also been placed. of Languages Workshops supports initiatives to encourage the Southern Tutchone – A book was cre - In collaboration with partners, revitalization of traditional arts as ated in partnership with SayITFirst, PCC is working with community well as providing employment op - the Yukon Native Languages Centre based-educators and Knowledge portunities for urban Indegenous and the Kwalin Dün First Nation. Keepers to provide Indigenous youth. This book was read in the presence youth with training in the funda - of TRH The Duke and Duchess of mentals of computer animation and • Opportunities for Growth Cambridge during their recent visit programming. In this project, youth As Prince’s Charities Canada con - to Whitehorse. Copies of the book participants will produce an anima - tinues to expand their work in the were distributed to all Kindergarten tion or interactive game with an em - area of Indigenous languages they and Grade One students in White - phasis on revitalization and preser - are seeking new Indigenous com - horse as well as being donated to lo - vation of local culture and language. munity partners, language experts cal libraries, the Yukon Native Lan - First Nations University students in and most importatndly funders who guages Centre and the Kwanlin Dün the Language Instruction Certificate are able to support these worthy ini - Band office. In addition the D’uska program and in the Indigenous Ed - tiatives. Anyone interested in shar - Head Start learning Centre whose ucation degree program will also be ing contacts or supporting HRH’s students attended the reading of the supporting the instruction of these work in this area is invited to con - book with The Duke and Duchess projects. The training culminates tact Matthew Rowe at matthew. rowe received laptops designed specifi - with a community presentation @princescharities.ca. cally for young children through where the students present their tra - Photos on pp 4, 8 and 9 provided One Laptop Per Child Canada. ditional language projects. courtesy Prince’s Charities Canada

Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 – 9 QUEEN WILL EDITORIAL COMMENT: NOT BE PRESENT AN UNFOCUSED SESQUICENTENNIAL AT JULY 1st CANADA 150 It is naturally disappointing Jean Drapeau and “Mr Canada” The Queen’s congratulatory CELEBRATION that for the first time in her Reign, John Fisher, the Centennial message on New Year’s Day this ON PARLIAMENT our Queen will not be present at Commissioner, whose work year – albeit drafted with the HILL – PALACE a major occasion of national galvanizing the country was widely “you” rather than the “we” Samantha Cohen, significance this coming July. appreciated, and the result of pronoun, thus its grammar The Queen’s Assistant Although Canadians undoubtedly whose efforts led Pierre Berton to suggesting that a foreign country Private Secretary, told feel pride in their country and its dub 1967 Canada’s “last good year.” was being honoured – was reporters on Novem - milestone anniversary. Canada 150 Throughout her reign, Her undoubtedly not the first nor the ber 11 that The Queen seems to lack a beguiling theme Majesty has done her duty to best of the “some way” she will would not be coming and any sense of country-wide Canada – and at 90 she is mark the Sesquicentennial as her home to Canada for excitement. This stands in sharp undoubtedly wise to conserve her Assistant Private Secretary hinted. the 150th Anniver - contrast to 1967 when The Queen’s strength so that she may continue We will perhaps welcome one or sary of Confederation homecoming capped a genuine to do so in health and happiness. two future Monarchs to help us in 2017. A report by feeling of celebration and unity – More, she has shown a great love honour the occasion. And it will Rob Shaw of Post - with “What is your Centennial for this her largest Realm, a love be churlish indeed if many Media quoted Cohen project?” being a universal query. which has been reciprocated for Canadians on July 1 do not spare as saying that it is dif - Imaginative answers followed from many decades after Trudeau père a thought and send a thank-you ficult for the Sover - individuals, families, small and predicted that “the new values of letter to Elizabeth, head of our eign to travel such a large communities and the up-and-coming generation” nation, constant thread in our long distance at her governments, right up to Expo 67 might cause Canada to drop what lives and, above all, our age; but “That’s not and the two larger-than-life he called our “connection” with devoted friend. to say that Canada’s personalities of Montreal Mayor the Monarchy. 150th anniversary won’t be marked in some way by her here... But she’s 90. ANNE OF BOURBON-PARMA, QUEEN It’s a long trip...” CONSORT OF ROMANIA – 1923-2016 the League event when we met at a inflicted by insurers to be worn welcome reception for the heads of while the actual rubies were kept the several organizations holding in a vault. “What would be the events to honour the Romanian point of having them, then?” she Royals, I happened to be the last in asked, in the most relaxed and the receiving line, and asked Her happy way. Majesty if she wouldn’t like a glass At the end of a long evening, of champagne. “Well, are you going just before I took leave of our Royal to have one?” she replied. “I think guests, Queen Anne grasped my I might if you will.” “Ah,” Anne arm and expressed her thanks that, retorted, “but will you think I for the first time since the Com - sound terribly like your grand - munists had deposed Michael from Queen Anne joined King League members who attended mother if I ask whether you are his second period as Romania’s Michael of Romania and their its Ruby Jubilee Banquet in driving?” She did, and I was. But King, “you treated him like a King. daughter Princess Margarita Toronto in 1992 will vividly re - we were great friends thereafter in - And it means so much to me.” In - at the Monarchist League’s member the presence of our Royal sofar as one can ever be with such deed we had a Romanian Royal Ruby Jubilee celebration Guests of Honour, King Michael dinner in 1992 a distinguished royal personage. Flag made, displayed and then pre - of Romania, with Queen Anne and During the Dinner, Her Majesty sented to His Majesty; and the Princess Margarita. In his remarks sat to my left. Despite knowing Royal Anthem of Romania played The King alluded warmly to his nothing about jewellery, I made by orchestra and organ as he came Cousin, our Queen, as it was during bold to ask the provenance of the to the Head Table. I had seen the his trip to England for Elizabeth most amazing set of rubies she look between them when Michael and Philip’s marriage in 1947 that was wearing – necklace and ear- referred to his marriage. And felt he had met Anne of Bourbon rings. They were – quite simply – very honoured that the League had Parma, which, he confided to me, magnificent! Ah, “Zita gave those to brought this remarkable and coura - “was one of the happiest times of me,” she explained. And I grappled geous couple, with their daughter, my life.” Ever punctilious, the King with my only slightly less acquain - to celebrate the Jubilee with us. had asked The Queen’s permission tance with the tangled genealogy May her ardent, loving spirit to travel to her Realm and include of Europe’s royal houses to realize rest in peace. JLA in his program the Jubilee Dinner, “Zita” was in fact the Empress Zita, If you would like to know more of the attended by over 450 guests. born Zita of Bourbon-Parma, wife life of Queen Anne, we will be happy to Anne was one of those rare of Emperor Charles of Austria, send you a fine tribute from Tricolore. If royals with whom, without her and so last Empress, last Queen you have a little Latin and/or French, you sacrificing one ounce of personal of Hungary and last Queen of will grasp most of the Italian article. Sim - or stately dignity, one felt instantly Bohemia. I worked around our ply request it by writing CMN at dom - at ease. Indeed, at their arrival in conversation to find that they were sec@ sympatico.ca – otherwise you can Toronto a couple of days prior to “the real thing” and not a paste set google her name.

10 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 Regency Laws in Canada – Part I by Kevin Gillespie, option would be for the government to try amending formula set out in Part V of the recent graduate of Osgoode Hall Law and pass its own Canadian Regency Act in Constitution Act, 1982 . School, York University, Toronto order to preserve the constitutional relation - A final option might be for a government ship between the sovereign (or regent), the to circumvent the Letters Patent by creating a EDITOR’S NOTE: The recent indisposition governor general and the prime minister. Canadian Regency Act . In keeping with the of The Queen happily proved more un - However, this option would likely require a spirit of the principle of symmetry of the pleasant than serious for Her Majesty. constitutional amendment under the una - Crowns, the government might want to rec - However, with The Queen at 90, and her nimity formula set out in section 41(a) of the ognize the same regent in Canada as in successor quite likely to inherit the Throne Constitution Act, 1982 . With this in mind, the Britain. Alternatively, the government may in his eighth decade, it is only prudential likeliest and easiest course of action during a seek to provide for a uniquely Canadian for Canadian monarchists to consider the prolonged regency situation would be for regent. Whichever way a future government legal position should any future monarch the Canadian government to simply use the decides to go, it is very likely that such an suffer a lengthy, incapacitating illness, ne - Letters Patent to allow the governor general to Act would require a constitutional amendment cessitating a Regency. There is considerable temporarily act as a pseudo-regent. under section 41(a) of the Constitution Act, complexity to what might seem a simple- There are certain potential problems as - 1982 . procedure akin to such as happens in our sociated with using the Letters Patent as a Short of an actual attempt to amend Cana - own families through, for instance, the pseudo- Regency Act . For instance, without the da’s regency laws, or an actual regency situation appointment of a power of attorney. But ultimate arbiter of a sovereign, an errant gov - itself, the only sure-fire way of resolving the it is not simple at all, and much opportunity ernor general might abuse his position and uncertainties surrounding Canada’s regency for mischief-making could arise, as this remain in office against the advice of his laws would be for a government to submit a thoughtful paper elucidates. prime minister. Similarly, if a regency lasted reference case to the Supreme Court of Canada. long enough, it is not hard to imagine a situ - However, this is not a very realistic solution, 1. Introduction ation in which a republican-minded govern - considering the limited capacity of the court Britain’s Regency Acts provide for a regency ment attempted to maintain this arrangement and the fact that there are more pressing during an emergency situation in which the once the regency situation ended, thus pre - issues to deal with. sovereign is unable to perform cluding all future involvement her duties; these Acts, however, by the sovereign in Canadian af - 2. Does Canada have its own Regency Act? do not apply in Canada as they fairs. While these potential con - a. Britain’s Regency Acts do not were not passed according to sequences are quite alarming, Apply to Canada process set out in the Statute of such a scenario remains highly Westminster, 1931 . After World War unlikely, as the courts would In the United Kingdom, the laws governing II, Canada decided to draft new probably regard it as an alteration regencies are relatively straightforward, con - Letters Patent, in order to provide to Canada’s constitutional archi - sisting of the Regency Act, 1937 1 and subsequent for the exercise of the royal pre - tecture, requiring a constitutional amendments in 1943 2 and 1953. 3 In a nutshell, rogative in Canada during a re - amendment. Another relatively they allow for a senior member of the Royal gency situation. Under the Letters minor problem with using the Family to perform nearly all of the duties of Patent 1947 the governor general Letters Patent as a pseudo- Regency the sovereign in cases where the monarch is was granted authority to exercise Act relates to the Queen’s rarely unable to fulfil her constitutional obligations all of the monarch’s powers. This used – and relatively un important by reason of minority, infirmity, or incapaci - power, however, is constrained – power to appoint four or eight tation. These acts, however, were all passed by current constitutional con - extra senators, which might not subsequently to the Statute of Westminster, vention which prohibits the gov - be constitutionally exercisable 1931, which provided that: ernor general from exercising by the governor general. 4. No Act of Parliament of the United those powers traditionally ex - Proclamation of Letters Patent Considering these problems, Kingdom passed after the commencement cessed by the Queen, unless: 1) Constituting the Office of a future government might de - of this Act shall extend or be deemed to prior authorisation has been Governor General in Canada cide to revisit Canada’s regency extend, to a Dominion as part of the law Gazette, 1947 granted by the Queen (on the laws. One course of action could of that Dominion, unless it is expressly advice of the prime minister), or; 2) in emer - be to alter the Letters Patent in order to provide declared in that Act that that Dominion gency situations where it is im possible for that the governor general may only use those has requested, and consented to, the en - the sovereign to exercise her constitutional powers which are normally exercised by the actment there of. 4 functions. Currently, there remain several Queen, during a regency-type situation. While In other words, Britain’s regency legislation areas in which the sovereign continues to the document likely enjoys constitutional would only apply to Canada with Canada’s traditionally exercise the royal prerogative – status itself, it remains uncertain whether explicit consent – something which did not chief of which is the appointment of a new altering the Letters Patent would require a full occur. As Andrew Heard explains, “neither governor general. constitutional amendment under section the 1937 Regency Act nor subsequent Regency If a regency situation occurred in Canada, 41(a) of the Constitution Act, 1982. One risky Acts passed in 1943 and 1953 were passed several options might be available to the gov - move might be for a government to attempt with any reference to Dominion assent. There - ernment. The easiest course of action would to sidestep the constitutional amending fore they have not had the force of law in be for the government to simply do nothing process altogether, using the Queen’s power Canada, because they fail the rule of con - in an attempt to wait out the situation and to make alterations to the Letters Patent , which struction found in s. 4 of the Statute of West - avoid the awkward scenario of a governor is recognised in the document. Such a move, minster.” 5 While Canada certainly could have general having to appoint his replacement. however, would be highly controversial and requested to be covered by the regency legis - If the situation lasted long enough it might would likely be subject to constitutional chal - lation, according to Sir John Simon – the eventually become advisable to allow the lenge. To avoid this possibility – along with British minister responsible for the regency governor general (or administrator, if there the uncertainty it would bring to our consti - laws – it had been agreed that no legislation is no governor general) to assume full powers tutional structure – a more complicated applicable to the Dominions was necessary under the Letters Patent in order to exercise solution would be for a government to make because “A Dominion which has a Governor- the entirety of the royal prerogative. Another the alterations according to the unanimous General gets its ordinary day to day business

Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 – 11 done in the name of the Crown by the exec - George VI; his private secretary, Sir Alan monarch, this was to be “on advice.” And utive action of the Governor-General.” 6 This Lascelles, who had served as secretary to by no means were all of the royal powers position is also supported by Christopher the governor general of Canada from 1931- immediately exercised by the governor McCreery, who cites a 1947 Canadian parlia - 35; William Lyon Mackenzie King; Louis general, nor are they to this day. The mentary exchange in which Prime Minister St. Laurent; Lester B. Pearson; the governor issuing and signing of letters of credence Louis St. Laurent maintained that the British general, Lord Alexander; and his secretary, for ambassadors, as we have seen, was Regency Acts did not apply to Canada. 7 Major-General H.F.G. Letson. 12 given to the governor general thirty years b. The Letters Patent 1947 can act as The most significant alteration which later, in 1977. The prerogative of heraldry a Pseudo Canadian Regency Act emerg ed from these newly issued Letters Patent was only transferred in 1988. 15 was the inclusion of a clause authorizing the While it is possible for the governor gen - Up until 1947 the governor general of governor general to exercise all of the eral to take over one of the Queen’s traditional Canada could effectively perform most of the monarch’s powers – including the ability to functions, under normal conditions this may King’s duties during a regency situation. Cru - appoint a new governor general. Article II of only be achieved through a formal process cially however, certain elements of the royal the document reads: of consultation between the Canadian prime prerogative had not yet been delegated to II. And We do hereby authorize and em - minister and the monarch. According to the governor general, including “the issue of power Our Governor General, with the Christopher McCreery: full powers and instruments of ratification, advice of Our Privy Council for Canada The process by which Queen Elizabeth II exequaturs to Consuls, the appointment and or of any members thereof or individually, has delegated authority for exercising cer - recall of Governors General of Canada, and as the case requires, to exercise all powers tain parts of the royal prerogative has the issue of Letters of Credence.” 8 It was only and authorities lawfully belonging to Us been quite simple: informal discussions during World War II, however, that a series in respect of Canada… 13 between the prime minister (or his dele - of unlikely events in the Kingdom of Iceland While at face value this seems to grant gate) and the Queen’s private secretary, brought the potential consequences of this the governor general unlimited access to the an exchange of letters between the clerk imperfect constitutional arrangement into sovereign’s powers, Chris topher McCreery is of the privy council and the Queen’s focus. Until 1944, Iceland was a constitutional quick to point out that the Letters Patent 1947 private secretary, a face-to-face meeting mon archy in personal union with the King - are more accurately viewed “as an enabling between the Queen and her Canadian dom of Denmark. Accordingly, in a similar document that allows for the delegation of prime minister, and a formal letter from arrangement to that between the United the Sovereign’s authority and a non-legislative the Queen’s private secretary to the clerk Kingdom and Canada, the King of Denmark mechanism to serve in place of a Regency Act , of the privy council outlining the change was also the King of Iceland. As Christopher not a mechanism to transform the governor in “existing practice.” 16 McCreery writes: general into the Sovereign.” 14 Currently, there remain several traditional Despite a successful policy of neutrality areas where the sovereign continues to exercise c. Constitutional Constraints on the Governor dating back to the First World War, Den - the royal prerogative, and which are conse - General’s Ability to Perform the Sovereign’s mark was invaded on April 9, 1940 and quently off-limits to the governor general – Traditional Functions capitulated almost immediately to avoid chief of which is the appointment of a new bloodshed… The invasion and Despite the clear wording of governor general. 17 In fact, if McCreery is to surrender meant that Christian the Letters Patent 1947, current be believed, it was precisely because of this X was “almost hermetically Canadian constitu - convention of consultation with sealed and separate” from Ice - tional practice pre - the Queen that Paul Martin’s land through out the occupa - vents the governor government abandoned its plans tion… Cap tive of an occupying general from nor - to have the outgoing governor power, the King was unable to mally being able to general, Adrienne Clarkson, ap - carry out his duties as Iceland’s exercise all func - point Michaëlle Jean to be her head of state, which included tions of the successor. 18 granting royal assent to bills monarch. In fact, a The drafters of the Letters passed by Iceland’s Parliament, constitutional con - Paul Martin, as Prime Minister, Patent , however, were well aware the Althing, and carrying out vention seems to abandoned plans to allow that there may be future instances other elements of the royal have formed which Governor General to appoint in which this process of consul - prerogative that related specifi - severely limits the her successor. tation would be impractical or cally to foreign relations. 9 instances in which a governor impossible to achieve. For instance, a re - With no emergency mecha - Christian X of Denmark: Could general may make full use of the gency-type situation might arise in which it nism allowing the state to func - not govern Iceland after Nazi wide-ranging powers authorized became impossible to consult with the Queen tion during the prolonged ab - invasion of Denmark to him under the Letters Patent . in order to allow the governor general to act sence of the King, Iceland’s constitutional According to the convention, under normal in her stead. Right from the start a convention crisis was ultimately resolved when the circumstances the governor general may only seems to have formed preventing the governor Althing illegally elected a regent to perform make use of those powers traditionally per - general from exercising the entirety of the the King’s constitutional functions. The Re - formed exclusively by the sovereign (e.g. ap - royal prerogative without prior consultation gent, Sveinn Björnsson, would eventually use pointing a new governor general) if the prime with the sovereign, except in an emergency. his position to become Iceland’s first president, minister has previously consulted with, and In an early exchange of letters between Prime thus destroying the Iceland’s advised the Queen to authorize Minister Mackenzie King and Buckingham constitutional monarchy. 10 the governor general to exercise Palace, King made sure to stress that “unless With these events freshly in a particular function. Only in an exceptional circumstances made it necessary mind, the Canadian government emergency situation may the to do so, it was not proposed by the Cana - decided to redraft the previous governor general exercise the dian Government to alter existing practices Letters Patent “to provide for the sovereign’s traditional powers without prior consultation.” 19 In 1951 this exercise of royal powers in Cana - without prior consultation with situation seems to have almost occurred when da during a regency.” 11 In February the monarch. the Can adian government considered dele - 1946 an interdepartmental com - With regard to the process of gating all of the King’s duties to the governor mittee was tasked with drafting consultation, D. Michael Jackson general during a period in which the King new Letters Patent. According to writes: had fallen ill and had already temporarily Christopher McCreery: George IV, Prince Regent for While the Letters Patent did transferred certain elements of his British A host of familiar figures was 10 years until the death of his authorize the governor general duties to counsellors of state. 20 At the time, involved in the process: King father George III to exercise powers of the Prime Minister St. Laurent noted that “it

12 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 would not be the wish of the Government of Justice of the Supreme Court – acting in her 8Ibid at 39-49, citing Manual , Vol 2, 842, Edwards to Canada to burden the King by asking His role as Administrator – appointing future Skelton, 16 Feb 1937. 9Ibid at 40, quoting BA Arnenson, The Democratic Majesty to sign documents which would or - justices to sit with her on the bench. Similarly, Monarchies of Scandinavia (New York: D Van Nostrand dinarily be submitted to The King for signa - it would presumably be quite cumbersome Co, 1949) at 97. ture.” 21 As chance would have it the King re - for an administrator to perform what is, in 10 Ibid at 41. covered before such a step could be taken. essence, two full- time jobs – being a judge 11 Arthur Bousfield & Garry Toffoli, “Facts About Despite never being used, it was resolved of the Supreme Court and de facto governor Canada’s Monarchy”, online: Canadian Royal Heritage Trust crht.ca/facts-about-canadas-monarchy . that “in the event of future emergencies the general. Consequently, if the regency-type 12 Supra note 7 at 41. governor general would perform the functions situation lasted long enough, it would even - 13 Letters Patent Constituting the Office of the Governor General as necessary.” 22 tually be advisable for a government to allow of Canada (1947), RSC 1985, App II, No 31, Art II the governor general (or administrator) to (Emphasis added) [ Letters Patent 1947 ]. d. What if a Regency-Type Situation assume full powers under the Letters Patent , 14 Supra note 7 at 53. occurs in Canada? 15 D Michael Jackson, The Crown and Canadian Federalism , in order to appoint a new governor general. (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2013) at 234 [Jackson]. If an emergency situation arises requiring Such a strategy would also be relatively easy 16 Supra note 7 at 45. someone else to temporarily take over the to undertake, since at most it would require 17 Ibid at 51-2 (According to Christopher McCreery, sovereign’s constitutional obligations, there an executive order-in-council authorizing “There remain ten areas where the Sovereign continues personally to exercise the royal prerogative: are a num ber of ways the Canadian govern - the temporary change in practice. a) Appointment of the governor general ment might choose to respond. While there Another option, however, would be for b) Amendments to the letters patent constituting the are several functions which are normally ex - the government to try and pass its own Cana - office of the governor general clusively performed by the Queen, 23 the sov - dian Regency Act , in order to preserve the c) Alterations of what matters will be referred directly to the Sovereign, commonly referred to as ereign’s role in appointing the governor gen - constitutional relationship between the sov - changes to the “existing practice” eral is by far her most significant constitutional ereign (or regent), the governor general and d) Alterations in the royal style and title duty; without someone to fulfill the governor the prime minister. Under such a strategy a e) Granting of honours (including the creation of) general’s important constitutional duties, government might try to pass legislation en - f) Granting of royal patronage Canada’s political machinery would grind to abling someone else – most likely a senior g) Appointment of colonels-in-chief of Canadian regiments a halt. The Letters Patent 1947 attempt to forestall member of the Royal Family – to assume the h) Appointment of the Canadian secretary to the this possibility by providing for a justice of full powers of sovereign until a capable Queen the Supreme Court of Canada to act as an ad - monarch was again on the throne. As discussed i) Designs for Canadian coinage ministrator in order to take over the functions later in this paper, this solution would escape j) Permission for the inclusion of the crown in Canadian grants of arms and badges.” of the governor general in his absence. 24 some of the problems inherent with a gover - One other rarely used traditional function of the In a situation in which the sovereign is nor general assuming the full royal prerogative monarch that McCreery does not mention, but which unable to perform her constitutional duties, during an emergency, however it is likely should also be included in the list, is the power to the easiest course of action would be for the that a constitutional amendment would be appoint 4 or 8 extra senators under sections 26, 27 government to simply do nothing. In other required in order to pass any new Regency Act . and 28 of the Constitution Act, 1867 (UK), 30 & 31 Vict, c 3, reprinted in RSC words, the government could try to wait out With this in mind, the likeliest and easiest 1985, App II, No 5.). the emergency by keeping the governor gen - course of action during a prolonged regency 18 Ibid at 52. eral in his position until a capable monarch situation would be for the Canadian govern - 19 Ibid at 43. once again occupies the throne. As long as ment to simply use the Letters Patent to allow 20 Ibid at 44. any regency-type situation remained relatively the governor general to temporarily act as a 21 Ibid at 44-5, quoting J.F. Delaute, Assistant Secretary to the Governor General, to Sir Allan Lascelles, 17 short, this strategy could conceivably avoid pseudo-regent. October 1951. the awkward situation of a gov er nor general Table of footnotes 22 Ibid at 45. appointing his replacement, while at the 23 See note 17. same time allowing most important functions 1Regency Act,1937 (UK), 1 Edw VIII & 1 Geo VI, c 16. 24 Supra note 13 at Art VIII (And We do hereby declare 2Regency Act,1943 (UK), 6 & 7 Geo VI, c 42. Our pleasure to be that, in the event of the death, of state to be fulfilled. Even if the position of 3Regency Act,1953 (UK), 2 Eliz II, c 1. incapacity, removal, or absence of Our Governor governor general became absent during this 4Statute of Westminster, 1931 (UK), 22 & 23 Geo V, c 4, s 4. General out of Canada, all and every the powers and time (as it eventually would if the emergency 5Andrew Heard, “Canadian Independence” (1990), authorities herein granted to him shall, until Our situation lasted long enough), Article VIII of online: Simon Fraser University further pleasure is signified therein, be vested in Our the Letters Patent provide for an administrator www.sfu.ca/~aheard/324/ Independence [Heard]. Chief Justice for the time being of Canada, 6JR Mallory, The Structure and Function of Canadian (hereinafter called Our Chief Justice) or, in the case to continue to fulfill these important func - Government , 2d ed (Toronto: Gage, 1984) at 36-7 of the death, incapacity, removal, or absence of Our tions. [Mallory]. Chief Justice, then in the Senior Judge for the time Eventually, however, such an ar range ment 7Christopher McCreery, “Myth and Misunderstanding: being of the Supreme Court of Canada, then residing would raise some awkward questions. For The Origins and Meaning of the Letters Patent in Canada and not being under incapacity; such Chief Constituting the Office of the Governor General, Justice or Senior Judge of the Supreme Court of instance, what happens when a sitting gov - 1947” in D. Michael Jackson & Jennifer Smith, eds, The Canada, while the said powers and authorities are ernor general wants to retire? There may also Evolving Canadian Crown (Montreal & Kingston: McGill- vested in him, to be known as Our Administrator.). be some ethical issues concerning the Chief Queen’s University Press, 2012) 33, at 40 [McCreery].

Four generations of our Royal Family, subject of a (UK) Royal Mail issue released - without the books! – to honour The Queen’s 90th birthday.

Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 – 13 League Notes JOHN ALEXANDER ing the Royal Homecoming, VIC - FOREMAN 1925-2016 TORIA members bade an apprecia - A gregarious ophthalmologist tive farewell to Branch co-Chairman MONIQUE GOFFINET MILLER, with a dry, unpredictable sense of who has now moved to Regina. humour, John joined the League in Montreal during its founding year, THREE BRANCH 1970. Later, he rejoined in London, CHAIRMEN APPOINTED: where he had been raised. John col - lected icons during annual trips to The Dominion Chairman has ap - Greece, treated his patients with pointed financial coordinator AN - Member Karen Hill read the GELA BARRETT as Founding Chair - skill and dignity, loved his Muskoka League’s message detailing man of the League’s new Branch in cottage and was devoted to tradi - Prince Harry’s Toronto Prince Edward Island – a province tional Anglican liturgy. JLA Presented with his Life Membership Certificate itinerary in the Spring when in the League by the Commissioner of Yukon, of great loyalty where we incredibly he met with Invictus Games RICHARD PATRICK the Hon Doug Phillips, RHYS WATSON is the have not previously had an organ - officials, and so brought her youngest member to have acquired this distinct ized presence!... and the following daughter to Queen’s Park, FORTIER MINGO mark of loyalty. where Harry met many in the to lead again-distinct Branches SWEENEY 1922-2015 which were united for a time: Re - crowd. The three talked; the ernment of Yukon... BRUCE HALL - Richard’s name appeared on the tired RCMP Officer BOBBY PAO - child gave Harry flowers, and SOR, long-serving League media original list of 16 members which LINI in Hamilton, and lawyer DAVE the Prince reciprocated by spokesman and Chairman/co-Chair - the London-based International WILLER in the Niagara Region. giving her the Invictus band man of Victoria Branch, on his ap - straight from his wrist. Mon archist League sent to the Noblesse oblige! Found er in February, 1970. Born in pointment as QC, “one of Her LEAGUE RECOVERS Alberta, his family moved to Halifax Majesty’s Counsel learned in the FROM DATA and then Bermuda, whence he join - Law.”... JANE HARRIS-ZSOVAN, of DISAPPEARANCE ed the Royal Canadian Navy and Lethbridge, recognized by the Many thanks to the members fought in the Battle of the Atlantic Writer’s Guild of Alberta with its 2016 Gray Award for short non-fic - who assisted, with information and during World War II. Later a leading financial support, during the recent Canadian film producer, he moved tion... RYAN KING, a talented de - signer from Northern Ontario’s traumatic period in which the to New York as a media military League’s data was erased – not a Kirkland Lake, composed the con sultant, and then to Mexico question of a “cyber-attack” where League’s community newspaper ad - where he consulted for various Am - members’ personal information was vertising which appeared in all BC er i can agencies. Finally moving to revealed, but of an erasure of hard and Yukon weeklies just before the Pictou, NS, whose Armorial Bearings drives. With the help of IT Nic Royal Homecoming last Fall... Vic - he designed, his interest in geneal - Rowe, advice from former techs, and toria Branch’s indefatigable KEN ogy and Scottish clans found him the hard work and countless hours LANE not only entertained media elected co-Chief of Clan Sweeney spent by the Dominion Office to - and authoring a number of books. on chairs used by Diana and Charles gether with YM members Neil Mac - After a lapse of some decades, he re - in their 1987 homecoming, but also Alasdair, Jeff Weaver, Dalton Sander - joined the League, dying a member, helped arrange a window front dis - son and Taylor Scherberger – several and rejoiced at its growth in num - play to welcome William and Cath - thousand files have been recovered, bers and influence. JLA erine to the city... Vancouver Life along with over 40,000 emails. Member RODDY MacKENZIE, who ONTARIO MEMBERS Much information is also being re - addressed the Churchill Society on trieved from paper files. HONOURED BY PROVINCE the relationship between The Queen Those members who are techni - Seven long-standing members and her first UK Prime Minister... cally-minded will appreciate that to received the Ontario Volunteer Ser - BRANCH NEWS: prevent any such recurrence, the vice Award in 2015 to acknowledge League installed an external hard their dedicated service to the CENTRAL/NE NOVA held a re - drive as a primary back-up of its League. Congratulations to the fol - laxed Lunch at Pictou Lodge this files, and is now backing-up data on lowing: Ruth Boyd, of London; Jona - Fall with the Lieutenant Governor the Cloud. A much more robust than Brickwood, of Toronto; David and Mrs Grant... Vice-Chairman computer will also be purchased Donovan, of Toronto; Barbara Gold - John Yogis presided at a well-at - down the line. ring, of Toronto; Kent Jackson, of tended Holiday Lunch for HALI - The Dominion Chairman met Toronto; Neal MacAlasdair, of Tor - FAX/SW NOVA members, with a RE-DESIGNED WEB SITE with Calgary (Josh Traptow) onto; and LCol David Ratz, of Thun - lovely souvenir menu produced by Out of the data disappearance and Edmonton (Mary Hunt) der Bay. Carole Thompson, and door prizes came not only the pruning of our Branch Chairmen during his from Dominion HQ... BARRIE- electronic files, but the recognition visit to Alberta, addressed a CONGRATULATIONS TO HURONIA members mourned the Luncheon and Dinner in that one of our helpers in the pro - LEAGUE MEMBERS... untimely death of loyal member Edmonton and helped to cess, Jeff Weaver, a Toronto UofT plant a memorial tree. EUGENE BEREZOVSKY of Tor onto, RUTH THOMPSON in August... graduate now pursuing a degree at on his marriage to Kathryn Moore WELLINGTON-WATERLOO Chair - the London School of Economics – this summer... ROBERT DUNN, of man Bradley Barbour not only gave was also a talented Internet designer Vancouver, whose letter correcting numerous media interviews around and looking for summer employ - the use of “British” royalty found its HM’s 90th birthday but created a ment. Thus we seized the moment way into the Sun on Sept 26... Found - celebratory bumper sticker, address- – the result being a re-designed er of Constitutional Club at Os goode ed the Wellington Co. Museum and League website in September! The Hall Law School KEVIN GILLESPIE, held a branch tea at Castle Kilbride... materials had always been good; but on his graduation and ap pointment After a busy Fall where she spoke our ‘look’ was positively ancient. to the Legal Services Division, Gov - with media over a dozen times dur - While further potential improve -

14 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 ments remain in the queue as time McMaster University and money permit, we have achiev - student Dylan Mainprize ed 90% of what we needed to do. (front row, l), shown The project also brought about some here with some fellow YM’s during a summer needed new translations into French Ottawa Branch Chairman Mary get-together, succeeded de Toro, with husband Les of several League documents. Cambridge University- Kumar, discussing The Queen’s bound Neil MacAlasdair 90th birthday on CTV. COST OF MONARCHY as National Chairman SURVEY: $1.53 per of the YOUNG Canadian annually MONARCHISTS. The issuance of the League’s sixth triennial Report on the Cost of the Canadian Monarchy was hosted by the Queen’s Private Sec - Hon ours Presentations around the well received, gaining national at - retary and by the Master of the country rather than holding them tention with a feature in the Nov - House hold. Her Majesty was not in mainly at Rideau Hall. Benefits in - ember 28 issue of Maclean’s which residence as she was in Windsor. It clude the ability of the honorees to brought the League recognition for a was my first time in the Palace and be more easily surrounded by family solid piece of work no other organ - we could not have been treated more and well-wishers, a diminished ization undertakes. Computations by kindly by everyone. The hospitality travel cost and a larger projection of The Governor General unveils a our researcher revealed that on a was quite marvelous: an incredibly the Governor General’s role. Victoria commemorative $20 coin, constant-dollar basis, the cost of this warm welcome at the Palace door Branch Secretary Valerie Holden accompanied by the fundamental institution of Canadian and the reception replete with foot - attended one these ceremonies last Master of the RCM. democracy was been significantly re - men who offered us canapés and March in Vancouver, and wrote CMN duced since the previous survey. champagne in crystal glasses with as follows: The Report may be read online at EIIR etched on each glass. We were I was very pleased to attend the monarchist.ca/index.php/ publications also offered a hard cider made from Honors Ceremony, in Vancouver or as a print copy request ed from the apples from Her Majesty’s estate, BC... It was presided over by the the League, at no charge for current Sandringham House. After the re - Governor General, with remarks members. ception we were given a tour of the also made by the Hon Judith Gui - State Rooms. chon, Lieutenant Governor of Brit- SUCCESS IN SOCIAL At the end of the evening I had a ish Columbia. Amongst the Honours MEDIA ADVERTISING! chance to speak with the Queen’s presented were Governor General’s YMs Featured on page one Assistant Private Secretary, Saman - Can adian Caring Awards – presented The Lieutenant Governor of of Toronto paper tha Cohen. She told me that The to the volunteers who have given so Nova Scotia with some many hours to help in their com - Our past YM Chairman, returned Queen was extremely pleased with Central/NE Nova members at munity. They have also raised money Branch Lunch in Pictou to Canada briefly for holidays from the recent royal homecoming of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge to for, and rallied people together, to his studies in the UK, conceived that make changes where needed. We it might be opportune for the British Columbia and Yukon. She said that the Queen monitored it were told how some countries don’t League to place paid advertisements have the word ‘Volunteer’ in their on Facebook, giving the times of The close ly. I asked her to please convey to Her Majesty the love, respect and vocabulary. They are not as fortunate Queen’s Christmas Address, much to have all these people willing to as members received it in a special enduring loyalty which Canada holds for our Queen. I was assured share their time and energy in this mailing. For a cost of $98, we had way as are we. that she would tell her that the fol - no less than 62,000 hits! This aston - The Exemplary Service Medal was a- lowing morning when she was to ishing figure once again shows the ward ed to Police, Corrections Offi - meet with The Queen. I was also power of the Social Media in today’s cers, Firefighters, Coast Guard mem - told that the Queen is “passionate” Halifax/SW Nova Branch Vice- marketing world. During 2017, we bers, Emergency Medical Personnel about Canada and that she keeps Chairman John Yogis presents will explore further, with an empha - and Peace Officers for 20 and 30 closely aware of everything going on a door prize at pre- sis as to how to utilize Face book et years of Exemplary Service. Canadian here. Christmas Lunch. al. to garner new members. Thank Bravery Decorations were presented to you, Neil! He, together with a num - I told her Secretary about the folk who risked their lives to save ber of other YM’s, were profiled in a many projects which we, as Canadi - and protect others. Meritorious Service page one story in the Toronto Star of ans, carried out in celebration of the Decorations (Military Division) – these May 23. Queen’s 90th Birthday and in hon - Decorations are for a Military deed our of her surpassing Victoria’s ONTARIO MEMBER or activity performed in a highly reign. I was told that the Queen was professional manner, according to a BYRON THOMAS AT sent a binder covering all the events very high standard that benefits or BUCKINGHAM PALACE: carried out in each province in cel - brings honor to the Canadian Armed Queen “passionate” about ebration of these milestones. I asked Forces. How humbling it was for me Canada... appreciated the League’s her if she was aware of the Happy to be in the midst of so many great, ‘Happy Birthdays’ Birthday Sing-along Video made by brave, giving people, being present - The Dominion Chairman con- the Monarchist League of Canada. ferring with Halifax/SW Nova Our active member and great ed their awards on such a beautiful (You see the Monarchist League is stage. The Chan Center, on the Uni - leaders Aron Spidle and benefactor Byron Thomas, of John Y o gis never far from my mind!) I was told versity of British Columbia Campus Georgetown, was recently in the UK. that the Palace was indeed aware of was a perfect venue. There was a re - Excerpts from his report to the League it and that Her Majesty appreciated ception following in the foyer how - follow, with our appreciation : it very much... ever, so crowded it was hard to meet ...I was in London a few months anyone. All the recipients and their ago for the Royal Commonwealth CANADIAN HONOURS families just enjoying being together Society International meeting. One PRESENTATION MOVING to celebrate this happy occasion. It of our many memorable events was AROUND COUNTRY was an honour for me to be part of a reception at Buckingham Palace Rideau Hall has been moving it all!

Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017 – 15 Sales for Subjects PAY BY CREDIT CARD AT ONLINE LEAGUE STORE – PAYEZ EN LIGNE READING, LEARNING, PUBLICIzING Readers will find a slightly different selection of items by accessing the THE EVOLVING CANADIAN CROWN THE CROWN & League website Store: store.monarchist.ca/en/products – Une sélec - First Nations issues, constitutional developments, CANADIAN FEDERALISM “Canadianization” of the Crown & many more – read- Michael Jackson’s fascinating work tion légèrement différente des articles chez notre Boutique en ligne: able essays by authorities such as Monet, McCreery emphasizes the oft-neglected store.monarchist.ca/fr/produits & Segal. CMN 213 $30 each provincial ambit of Canada’s monar - chy. Full of anecdote and insight. 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16 – Canadian Monarchist News – Winter/Hiver 2017