Regional Cooperation in the Western Balkans
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REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS September 14-17, 2015 | Budva In cooperation with: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro The Aspen Institute Germany wishes sincerely to thank the German Federal Foreign Office for its sponsorship of the Aspen Southeast Europe Program 2015 through the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. ASPEN Regional Cooperation in the Western Balkans! POLICY PROGRAM The mission of The Aspen Institute is to improve the quality of leadership through dialog about the values and ideals essential to meeting the challenges facing organizations and governments at all levels. Over its sixty year history, the Aspen Institute has been devoted to advancing values-based leadership – to creating a safe, neutral space in which leaders can meet in order to discuss the complex challenges facing modern societies confidentially and in depth, with respect for differing points of view, in a search for common ground. This reader includes conference papers and proceedings of Aspen Germany’s conference on “Regional Cooperation in the Western Balkans” on September 14- 17, 2015, Budva. The Aspen Institute’s role is limited to that of an organizer and convener. Aspen takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with the U.S. or German governments. All statements of fact and expressions of opinion contained in all Aspen publications are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. For further information about The Aspen Institute, please write Aspen Institute Deutschland e.V., Friedrichstraße 60, 10117 Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany or call at +49 30 80 48 90 0. Visit our website at www.aspeninstitute.de Copyright © 2015 by The Aspen Institute Deutschland e.V. All rights reserved. This report may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and excerpts by reviewers for the public press), without the express, prior, written consent of the publisher. TABLE OF CONTENTS THE ASPEN IDEA 05 AGENDA AND PARTICIPANTS 06 PARTICIPANT BIOGRAPHIES 11 SESSION I: THE STATE OF REGIONAL COOPERATION AND REMAINING CHALLENGES 22 1. Vedran Džihić 22 Civil Society in the Framework of the Berlin Process: Game Changer or More of the Same? 2. Jelica Minić 25 The State of Regional Cooperation and Remaining Challenges 3. Aleksandar Andrija Pejović 32 The State of Regional Cooperation and Remaining Challenges 4. Senada Šelo Šabić 36 Fostering Reforms in the Western Balkans – Fighting Corruption as an Important Milestone 5. Dane Taleski 40 Civil Society Forum at the Vienna Summit: Between High Expectations and Modest Achievements SESSION II: REGIONAL SECURITY COOPERATION 45 6. Vesna Bojičić-Dželilović 45 Taking Responsibility for Regional Cooperation in the Western Balkans Seriously: What is at Stake? 7. Sidita Kushi 50 Combating a Shared Menace: Terrorism as a Security and Social Threat in the Western Balkans and Beyond 8. Ioannis Michaletos 57 Regional Security Cooperation in Southeast Europe 9. Florian Qehaja 67 Uneven Regional Security Cooperation: Lessons Learned and Next Steps SESSION III: REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ENERGY SECURITY, AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 71 10. Jens Bastian 71 Regional Economic Cooperation and Energy Security in South East Europe 11. Blerim Reka 76 The Energy Security Challenges of the Western Balkans: TAP vs. Turkish Stream APPENDICES 81 Acronyms Used 81 THE ASPEN IDEA ! THE ASPEN INSTITUTE GERMANY PROMOTES VALUES-BASED LEADERSHIP, CONSTRUCTIVE DIALOG AMONGST CONFLICTING PARTIES, AND EURO-ATLANTIC COOPERATION TO SUPPORT AND ENHANCE A STRONG OPEN SOCIETY. The Aspen Idea Aspen Germany The Aspen Idea goes back to 1945 when Chicago busi- As the first Institute abroad, Aspen Germany was nessman and philanthropist Walter Paepke (1896-1960), founded in 1974 in the midst of the Cold War. Its son of German immigrants from Mecklenburg, arrived founding members included former Chancellor Willy in Aspen, a then sleepy town in the mountains of Colo- Brandt, former High Commissioner for Germany John rado. Under the impression of the human and moral J. McCloy, Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, the Governing catastrophe of World War II, Paepcke dreamed of “a Mayor of Berlin Klaus Schütz, historian Lord Alan place where the human spirit can flourish.” Bullock, the future President of West Germany Richard von Weizsäcker, sociologist and politician Ralf Paepcke was a trustee of the University of Chicago and Dahrendorf, and publicist Marion Countess Dönhoff close friends with its president Robert Hutchins as well among others. Together they envisioned creating a as with philosopher Mortimer Adler. Together they symbol of transatlantic community. shared one vision: To create a platform for dialog for leaders, thinkers, and artists from around the globe to Under the leadership of Shepard Stone (1974-1988), step away from their daily routines and reflect on what Aspen Germany’s first director, the institute made a makes good leaders and a good society. significant contribution to achieving mutual understand- ing between the East and West blocs during the Cold Their dream came true in 1949 when Paepcke made War. Aspen was one of the few places where high- Aspen the site for the celebration of the 200th birthday ranking East bloc and West bloc representatives were of German poet and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von willing to meet in a neutral, respectful and confidential Goethe to commemorate the historic and abiding philo- atmosphere in order to look for solutions to the East- sophical ties that America and the rest of the world had West conflict together. with Germany, despite the aberration of Hitler and World War II. The 20-day gathering attracted such Stone’s successors extended this tradition and also fo- prominent intellectuals and artists as Albert Schweitzer, cused on issues facing Southeast Europe and the Middle Jose Ortega y Gasset, Thornton Wilder, and Arthur East. Since the early 1990s, Aspen Germany has been Rubinstein, along with members of the international focusing on the developments in Southeast Europe press and more than 2,000 other attendees. That year, when the Institute joined forces with the Carnegie En- Paepcke created what is now the Aspen Institute. dowment for International Peace and initiated the Inter- national Commission on the Balkans, which was fol- Today, the vision and reach of the Institute extend far lowed by a young leaders study group on the future of beyond its original roots. In policy programs, seminars, the region. Today, Aspen Germany offers different fora public events, and global leadership initiatives, the form for regional dialog, both on the Foreign Ministers’ level and force of the Institute have grown to confront con- as well as on the Subcabinet and civil society level. temporary challenges and matters of collective concern. The Institute is based in Washington DC and has cam- Since its inception, Aspen Germany has been enabling puses in Aspen, Colorado, and on the Wye River on constructive dialog amongst conflicting parties and Maryland’s Eastern Shore. It also maintains offices in promoting Euro-Atlantic cooperation to support and New York City and has an international network of enhance a strong open society. partners in Germany, France, Italy, the Czech Republic, Romania, Spain, Japan, India, and Mexico. ASPEN INSTITUTE Regional Cooperation GERMANY in the Western Balkans Tentative Agenda Monday, September 14, 2015 Arrival of participants during the day Accommodation: Avala Resort & Villas, Mediteranska, Budva, Montenegro 19:30 Departure to Welcome Dinner from the Hotel Lobby 20:00 Welcome Dinner at the invitation of Ambassador Aleksandar Andrija Pe- jović, State Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, Chief Negotiator for Montenegro’s Accession to the EU Venue: Budva Citadel Tuesday, September 15, 2015 Conference Room: Lobby Bar Area 09:00 – 09:30 Welcoming remarks and opening of the conference Rüdiger Lentz, Executive Director, Aspen Institute Germany Ambassador Aleksandar Andrija Pejović Dr. Ernst Reichel, Special Envoy for South Eastern Europe, Turkey and the EFTA States, German Federal Foreign Office 09:30 – 11:00 Session I: The state of regional cooperation and remaining challenges Regional dialog and cooperation in the Western Balkans has substantially improved over the past years. The EU-mediated dialog between Belgrade and Pristina has made an important contribution to this. Ministers of the Western Balkans Six regularly meet in different fora and the German government’s Western Balkans summit in August 2014 seems to have boosted regional cooperation further. However, difficulties remain. What is the current state of regional cooperation? What are the main challenges to fur- ther deepen regional cooperation? To what extent does reconciliation remain an issue requiring increased regional attention? What are the consequences of the ‘regatta prin- ciple’ of the EU enlargement process for regional cooperation? Moderator: Anja Quiring Introductions: Vedran Džihić: Civil Society in the Framework of the Berlin Process - Game changer or more of the same? Jelica Minić: The State of Regional Cooperation and Remaining Challenges Senada Šelo Šabić: Fostering Reforms in the Western Balkans – Fighting Corruption as an Important Milestone Dane Taleski: Civil Society Forum at the Vienna Summit: Be- tween High Expectations and Modest Achievements Regional Cooperation ASPEN INSTITUTE in the Western Balkans GERMANY