Bulletin of Democratic Leadership

Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction

Interview: Šućko Baković Dear alumni and dear friends of SDL, Laws are not a problem; the problem is their consistent implementation ...... 2

This is the fourteenth edition of Bulletin of Demo‐ dr Valentina Minić cratic Leadership. The same is the number of genera‐ Montenegrin health care system – a mean for tions of School of Democratic Leadership since its preservation of social peace ...... 4 establishment until nowadays. Team of the School is especially proud and happy for the fact that, among more than 400 our alumni, we mr Marash Dukaj have a large number of those with the progressing ca‐ Ministry of Education intensively works on reers and alumni at the prominent positions. Starting improvement of education quality ...... 5 from ministers, assistant ministers, MPs, editors in chief in media and civil society leaders. Tina Popović The program for the XV generation of the School will Do we need the reform of education?...... 6 be finished soon, and as our mission requires, we will publish the call for competition for participants of the Nikola Pešić new, XVI generation. With a new generation of repre‐ sentatives of political parties, media and nongovern‐ Young people give up fast of politics ...... 7 mental sector, we will implement the annual program consisting of four modules and a study visit to the Tripo Matijević World Forum of Democracy. The program will con‐ Tolerance towards minority population, is tinue to focus on challenges in areas such as the rule this enough? ...... 8 of law, human and minority rights, good governance and European integrations. A novelty in the program Damir Ramović 2017/18 will be a special focus on the field of environ‐ From the traditional to modern media ...... 9 mental protection, and in the light of the opening of this chapter ‐ one of the most demanding both for the Montenegrin administration and for the budget. Jelena Mrdak Our door is opened to all of you who want to change Local self-governance tailored to the themselves and a society around you. It is an indispen‐ needs of businesses...... 10 sable truth that we absolutely need changes. There‐ fore, let’s start changing ourselves and in addition to Vladana Vučinić this let’s adopt democratic standards, in order to Norway – the state of the midnight sun ...... 11 make the democratization process of more simple and efficient, so that the whole society fi‐ nally feel the benefits of that process. News from SDL ...... 12

Sanja Rašović, coordinator of SDL

* Publishing of articles from the Bulletin is allowed with obligatory mentioning of the source

Standpoints of authors published in the Bulletin do not necessarily represent standpoints of School of Democratic Leadership

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 ; supported by 1 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

INTERVIEW ŠUĆKO BAKOVIĆ Ombudsman ombudsman@t‐com.me Laws are not a problem; the problem is their consistent implementation

Public administration bodies often fail to respect deadlines prescribed by the law for decision making processes. In some cases, they make more or less the same or similar decision on a particular request (the so-called "ping pong" decision), al- though the immediate superior body by appeal, or the court by the lawsuit in the administrative dispute found certain irregu- larities or illegals and ordered their removal. The particular form of illegal behavior of the public administration bodies represents the so-called "silence of administration". It is about the lack of acting of bodies after citizen's requests and ignoring of their requests.

rights and interests of citizens and legal entities, based on law. While acting on complaints, we have noticed weaknesses in work of public administration, which negatively reflects on exercising of rights of citizens and other entities. Public administration bodies often fail to respect deadlines prescribed by the law for de- cision making processes. In some cases, they make more or less the same or similar decision on a partic-  Up to which extent are human rights and free‐ ular request (the so-called "ping pong" decision), al- doms respected in Montenegro, and how would you though the immediate superior body by appeal or the assess the situation in this area? court by the lawsuit in the administrative dispute Generally speaking, we have noted some progress in found certain irregularities or illegals and ordered terms of respect of human rights and freedoms in their removal. The particular form of illegal behavior Montenegro from year to year. Progress is more visible of public administration bodies represents the so- in some areas, as confirmed the reports of interna- called "silence of administration". It is about the lack tional bodies. First of all, I have to mention the area of acting of bodies after the requests of citizens and of legislation, because it is largely in line with the stan- ignoring of their requests. dards and principles of international bodies and their practice. Laws in Montenegro are not a problem for exercising of human rights and freedoms, but their consistent implementation. However, the situation in the field of human rights and freedom as a whole is not at the satisfying level.

 Which specific areas of human rights and free‐ dom need further efforts in the forthcoming period in order to improve the situation and bring it to an ad‐ equate level? How is it planned to be implemented? The situation is not adequate in some areas, especially in terms of respect of “good administration”, organi- zation and capacities of administration at the national and local level. Based on addressing of citizens and our actions, we have noticed that public administra- tion bodies do not provide efficient protection of

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 2 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

Long administrative proceedings and disrespect of In the report you mentioned, part “Efficiency of the legal deadlines may cause weakness of citizens before Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms” stated that the legal system and the loss of confidence in work of ECRI recommended that authorities should public administration bodies. Public administration strengthen the capacities of Ombudsman for the pur- officials should be aware that Montenegrin institu- pose of its successful mandate in fight against discrim- tions exist to serve the interests of the state and its cit- ination. This should include freedom of Ombudsman izens. Therefore, they should make decisions for the to appoint its employees, and enough funds to provide purpose of their interests and strive to fulfillment of additional human resources and also to promote rais- the highest professional standards in their work. In ing awareness, including the conduction of surveys doing so, they should be guided by the feeling of ap- and activities on the terrain. propriateness, impartiality, to make decisions based Among other matters, ECRI stated that the role of solely on evidence and to have equal treatment to any Ombudsman in resolving of discrimination has be- person on whose rights or interests are deciding. come visible, that the efficiency of Ombudsman im- We believe that concrete activities should be under- proved significantly, that the statistics confirmed taken in order to raise awareness of employees on the improvement of confidence in institution, and that principles of good governance and establishing of an the citizens had started to perceive it positively. These efficient system of accountability of employees in pub- ascertainments encourage us, and we perceive it as the lic sector due to untimely, unlawful work and violations stimulus and obligation for further strengthening of of rights of citizens. We should strive to standards of institution and improvement of work in the protec- modern public administration, which provides better tion of human rights, not only in the area of anti-dis- security to citizens, while irregularities contrary to crimination. Our goal is to continue to improve the these rules have to be prevented and eliminated. quality of acting after complaints and lawsuits and to reduce duration of proceedings, which we believe, is  According to the last report of ECRI, authorities the key ground for further strengthening of confi- in Montenegro should work on strengthening of ca‐ dence of public and visibility of the Institution. pacities of the Ombudsman institution. What does this mean in practice and is this going to be imple‐ mented in the following period and in what manner? Sanja Rašović

Public bodies often ignore our recommendations

 How satisfied are you with the decisions of state bodies and how would you evaluate the cooperation with the ? Has the Parliament fulfilled recommendations made by the Insti‐ tution of the Ombudsman? Recommendations given in specific cases, and perceived as a whole, are mostly respected, and I can say we are satisfied. However, there were cases when actions after recommendations were not timely, or were not conducted at all. We persistently require from these entities to act by recommendations, through both written urgencies and direct communication with responsible persons, which often gives results. In cases of failing to act by recommendations, we inform the Parliament of Montenegro through our reports and in these cases better support of the Parliament is needed. For exercising of mandate of the Institution of Ombudsman and strengthening of its position in the society, the support of the Parliament of Montenegro is so important. We want to remind that the Parliament supports annual and special reports filed by the Protector. In the previous period we had a practice when the Parliament with its conclusions encourages recommendations of the Protector. Competent bodies of the Parliament would afterwards deal with the implementation of conclusions and recommendations of Ombudsman, which was very important for us. Although we have support, we believe there is enough space for improvement of cooperation between the Parliament and the Institution, especially in terms of respect and adoption of our opinions given for the legal projects. When it comes to fulfillment of recommendations related to the Parliament, this institution should be the example for others, however there were cases when the expected reaction failed.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 3 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

dr VALENTINA MINIĆ Democratic Montenegro, MP [email protected] Montenegrin health care system – a mean for preservation of social peace

ealth is the most important human value. I am wor- medicine in the register of the Employment Bureau. We Hried when people say how important it is, but we do also have doctors who, instead of 30, examine over 60 pa- not notice the health wellbeing of our own body, until tients in shift. We also have experts recognized by the something starts to hurt. If it hurts strong, if it hurts con- world, which charmingly took them away with nice offers, stantly, we think – „if this would only pass as soon as pos- but we also have heroes who resisted the world and stayed sible“. And sometimes illness passes fast, and we forget the to treat us, despite everything else. anguish even faster, and keep on doing the same as earlier. We also have a Minister (Kenan) Hrapović and two offices However, the state should not continue doing the same. The hidden from the Anticorruption Agency. We also have a state must not allow its citizens to wait for months on med- brown metallic Jeep "Skoda". Dual zone climate and seat ical examination. The state must know when, how and why heating as the result of 40,000 euros worth tender for the the youngsters get intra-hospital infections and die of them. expansion of the Ministry of Health's car pool. We have The state must not "sleep" when there is no equipment, per- two official cars parked in front of his apartment, one of sonnel and basic reagents, when there is no treatment pro- which is registered on civil plates. As the Minister said, he tocol, when CT does not work, when the magnetic only wanted to "improve the quality of health care". Every resonance is broken, when there are no instruments, when four years we get the new Strategy and a new minister who the mammogram is not working, when the ultrasound does has a different vision of rescuing Montenegrin health care not work. The state should not be indifferent when there system. During the "rule" of Minister (Budimir) Šegrt, our are not enough doctors, when there are no nurses, when health care system almost ended in the hands of the off- there is no adequate hospital inventory, when there are no shore company from the Virgin Islands for the next 30 fundamental conditions for maintaining of personal hy- years, while the current Minister plans to repair deep crisis giene, while the most prominent experts go abroad due to with cars for personal use and computers. poor working conditions and low income so they can work Doctors should not lose hope anyway. They have to believe for 10 times higher salary in arranged system. The state must that a day will come when they will be able to provide their not be silent when there is lack of medicaments. The state patients a quality health care service. I am convinced that, should not allow more than 104 million EUR from our citi- when a critical thought gets rid of fear, we will restor dig- zens spent on medicaments, to end up in hands of one family and a company. There is no ideal health system in the world, but why ours has to be the worst? Even ten years since gaining independence, our health care system does not have a register of children with disabilities, there is no National Center for Autism, prescribed by the law, that was supposed to be opened in July. There is no reg- ister of drug addicts, no information on oral health of the population, no more obligatory systematic medical examinations, and the en- tire health branch of dentistry has been closed and privatized. But we have "electronic appointmen", which only increased the waiting lists. We have viber applications and failed primary health care reform. We nity to the profession and science. Together, we have to be- have denied right to choose a specialist. We have invitation lieve in future and fight for changes in the system of values. for a lynch of doctors from the Ministry of Health. We have If the intellect and the profession become silent before a Medical Chamber legitimately selected after 20 years and politics, what will remain? Hrapović and a Jeep with dual- automatically blocked as politically inappropriate. We zone climate? have a Dental Chamber that was not elected by dentists. I am encouraged to see that doctors are ready to fight for We have equipment and hospitals from the last century. you and your life, for your future, in unbelievable condi- We have more than 100 doctors and about 50 doctors of tions, but are you ready too?

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 4 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

mr MARASH DUKAJ Director General of Directorate for Education of Minority Population and Other National Communities, Ministry of Education of Montenegro [email protected] Ministry of Education intensively works on improvement of education quality

he systemic laws in the field of education respect the con- Montenegro 2016/2020, as well as the Action Plans that follows Tcept of general constitutional guarantee on minority edu- the Strategy, specify all activities and goals that will lead to full cation at the level of general objectives and individual inclusion of members of RE community through education at provisions. The system focuses on integration of minorities and all levels. The employment of Roma assistants will continue, preservation of their identity. Members of minority population because the practice has shown that their work is beneficial in and other minority communities have the right to education in terms of family and school connections, and the regularity of native language and alphabet. The intention is that the curricula teaching attendance and, consequently better school out- and programs contain topics in the field of literature, culture, comes. Drafting of the Protocol on treatment and prevention history, art and other content that respects national culture and of early school leave, which envisages procedures and institu- art, and promotes coexistence, mutual tolerance and under- tional cooperation in terms of early school leaving, is in the standing. The curricula of regular teaching subjects gives the final phase. possibility to use the one fifth of the open curriculum for the For almost a full decade, Ministry of Education continuously study and affirmation of local characteristics, even in terms of works on integration of the RE community members in cooper- affirmation of the value of culture, history, customs and other ation with relevant institutions. Preparatory kindergartens for specificities of minorities. RE community children, who have the legal right to enroll in the For several years, Ministry of Education and the Bureau for Ed- first grade but were not covered by formal education, have been ucation Services has been organizing a campaign for enrollment organized since 2011/2012, with the support of IPA project "In- of the first grade pupils, in cooperation with Ministry of Human clusive Education Service". Each year, Bureau for Education and Minority Rights and REF. For this purpose, brochures in Services organizes training for teachers who practice classes in Montenegrin, Albanian and Roma languages are printed. They preparatory kindergartens. promote education and clarify the rules of enrollment, to make Free school textbooks are provided for the elementary school it easier for parents to enroll children in the first grade. pupils, members of the RE community. Ministry for Human Teaching in Albanian language is organized at all levels from and Minority Rights provides textbooks for the first, second the pre-school to high education. Teaching on Albanian lan- and third classes while Ministry of Education provides text- guage is conducted in 12 elementary schools, elementary Music books for pupils from fourth to ninth classes. Ministry of Ed- School in (from this school year, and in , in the ucation also provides free transportation for RE children. In music school that has started to work as the branch institute order to improve the enrollment of members of RE commu- of the Public Institution Music School "Vasa Pavić" from Pod- nity in high schools and faculties, the scholarship program for gorica) and in four high schools. Study programme for teachers high school students and students has been implemented, in Albanian language continues to work in Podgorica. Special mentors and tutors have been introduced, whose contribution attention is devoted to preparation of the deficit staff for teach- to the quality of education of RE population is immeasurable. ing in Albanian language. Department for textbooks and teach- Since 2016/2017, the total number of students for each study ing materials deals with the editing of textbooks in Albanian program rises by one percent, for the purpose of respecting language, with special attention. All the textbooks for teaching the principle of affirmative action, for persons with disabilities in Albanian language have been provided for this school year and members of RE community. and for all teaching subjects. In order to achieve the most important goals related to edu- Ministry of Education takes care of education of members of cation policy, Ministry of Education intensively works on im- the Roma and Egyptian community, at all levels. The focus is provement of quality of , both for the on improvement of their educational and social achievements. majority population and members of minorities and other mi- The Strategy for Social Inclusion of Roma and Egyptians in nority communities.

No teaching staff for education on Roma language

With the ratification of the European Chart on Regional and Minority Language, Roma language has been recognized by the as specific minority language. However, this language was not present in education system as the language for the teaching classes, due to the fact that there was no qualified teaching staff for the needs of organization of classes on Roma language. We work on finding solutions for this problem, in order to provide conditions for introduction of Roma language as the working language in our schools. Romano alphabet – Spelling Book for Roma language was published in 2014. This Book has been used as the assisting tool on classes. The first Montenegrin-Roma and Roma-Montenegrin Dic- tionary was published in September 2015. Adults have the opportunity to educate according to the public and valid educational program for elementary, high general and professional education or according to the Programme for Adult Education, in accordance with the Law on Education of Adults. Adult members of RE community are free of any expenses for elementary education.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 5 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

TINA POPOVIĆ ND , journalist [email protected] Do we need the reform of education?

hile I write this article, at least one seventh grade million of euros. But, the situation could be different. Wpupil repeats geography. That’s right – he/she re- We could use half of the last year and this school year to peats it, because he/she already learned this last year. Yes, hear something from practitioners in the classroom what yes, that very lesson about celestial bodies. And he/she is the problem of our elementary and high schools. This will not receive a grade lower than last year, even if he/she is the base, the foundation. When we found out what was does not repeat it, because the teacher must not give it wrong, we should start to work – to make something that to him/her. The Ministry ordered. Shortly, this is the last is ours with consultations (not to take away something reform of Montenegrin education. without consultations). We could then test our solutions Rewritten plans and programs from the Croatian Edu- – one experimental class in each grade that will be edu- cation Reform Proposal; directors at formal meetings cated according to the experimental program. Ideal sit- with the minister, who are ready for a new, reformed uation, when realized that the experiment succeeded, school year, while they stay silent at the meeting room draft the textbooks accordingly. In the previous, godfor- or point out to educators to find solutions for the teach- saken situation, see what went wrong and solve the situ- ing classes during the next nine months. One school has ation. But – no! Montenegro conducts reforms in course. seven shifts; another one has three classes for the first Education is reforming, and the Capital city does not grade pupils. Assistants in teaching children with special have enough school facilities. It desires better PISA re- educational needs are waiting for a new seminar, be- sults for the fifteen-year-olds, while it lacks schools with cause, without that piece of paper or certificate, they classrooms for practical work, where students learn how must not be in the classroom. Education workers come to solve the problem while they are looking at it, not on with the plans and try to figure out the secret if the learn- the paper. Montenegro desires independent intellectu-

ing goals and outcomes are the same. What do the pupils als, but allows conflict relations between the University really need to learn? What about the norms? Is there a of Montenegro and Ministry of Education for months. school that will fulfill the famous 18 hours number, be- Montenegro desires diplomas recognized in the world, cause, despite the promise, they are not sure if their while our neighbors don’t recognize it. It desires pro- salaries would be reduced. There are no textbooks. That tected labor market and imports 2,000 diplomas a year. is, there are textbooks, but textbooks are the same as Montenegro desires so many things for a country that re- textbooks from the previous unreformed education. Two forms education for half of the year. Desires are one, but or three for certain subjects. Parents and students, by the possibilities, as a rule, do not follow them. Therefore, habit, are silent. there shall be opportunities to do so, but not any cost. Summa summarum, we have reformed the overall edu- Because, the ultimate product will be a student who can cation system for less than six months, starting from recognize the Dairy Way in the sky, but does not know kindergartens to faculties, and PhD studies, for several that America is a continent.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 6 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

NIKOLA PEŠIĆ DPS President of the Youth Council [email protected] Young people give up fast of politics

owadays, young people from all around the world appointment is the topic of various researches. Up to Nshow less interest in any type of social activism. some opinions, even 60% of youth is not interested in Reasons for this global phenomenon that has hit the policy or any other type of social work, while, out of Balkan countries for the last couple of years, lies in in- 40% of those who decide on accessing some organiza- dividual desire for personal work and interest, more tion, often political one, more than a half give up in than the awareness on collective activities and contri- the first two years. Only three percent of them reach bution to the community. Development of modern the professional level of politician. technologies, access to the Internet and social net- Issues related to youth, women and vulnerable groups works, create false ideals for young people and images in the society is always actual for each one of us, on how succeed easily in life. Unfortunately, behind the notwithstanding dealing with the policy or not, and I false glow and easy success often stands misfortune. am proud that my party has recognized these topics So, this global trend caused less interest of youth for as the foundation for building of better future. the society, policy and wider future than their per- Any form of activism has a goal, and the best thing is sonal. People often compare activism with the policy, when the goal is above the individual, although this is although political activism is only one form of contri- not the case very often. In my free time, I privately wish bution to the community. Besides political, there are to contribute with humanitarian activities and I hear numerous nongovernmental organizations and asso- comments: “Why you need this, there is no use of it.” ciations that, through various topics, activities and ac- Contrary, small part from our side is everything for some- tions influence on raising awareness of population on one else. Feeling that you have helped someone is the some subjects, and at the same time help to the ones best. And for the results of everything you do in life – a who need help though concrete work. lot of time, energy and patience is needed, but at the end, Perceived in percentage, although large number of everything gives result for others and for us. Thus, for youth decided on policy profiling and activism, this that reason, politics is noble for me. A thought that leads number is small. Unfortunately, trend of disappoint- me, is that my work can make other people’s lives easier ment and lack of patience for some changes and re- and my goal is even better, stronger and European Mon- sults that require a lot of work, effort and time, leads tenegro, where each citizen can express its potential. to youth who gives up fast of politics. For me – that is activism, for me that has sense and This phenomenon of youth abstinence and fast dis- this is something we should all invest in.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 7 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

TRIPO MATIJEVIĆ HGI, President of the Youth Organization [email protected] Tolerance towards minority population, is this enough?

grew up in Tivat, where I finished elementary school, but is not a problem, but do not even mention the possibility II finished high school in Kotor. People say that the coastal of getting married... part of the country is tolerant environment. Although I be- It’s been a decade since my school and faculty attendance. At long to minority population there, as a Croatian and a jobs I have done so far, I have encountered less (visible) dis- catholic, I have never faced with any serious type of intoler- crimination than in the previous period. Some people grow ance. According to the school calendar, I had free days on such a behavior, the environment becomes different, and re- two Christmases and two Easters, and on occasional com- gardless of the affiliation to the minority or the majority peo- ments on my free days, I used to “return” with jokes about ple are forced to cooperate and be address one another, the Orthodox New Year and “wrong” calendar, and would however, a large number of prejudices remain. Since my pri- therefore come to “equality”. mary environment has evolved in this regard, I somehow ex- However, even then I was a witness of intolerance towards pected that the same thing would happen in parallel with the few pupils of Roma and Albanian nationality. Although younger generations. However, the survey of Forum MNE and there were students from the "majority" whose grammar De Facto agency on tolerance among high school students or mathematics were not better than theirs, they would all that was published in summer, showed disastrous results. waited patiently for someone from the "minority" to step "When it comes to tolerance and intensive socializing, it is in front of the board and make a mistake, so they could obvious that high school students have a problem to hang out make fun or comment, which would not stop even when or spend time with Roma and homosexuals" and "High they leave the classroom. school students say that, by the age 18, they might be having When I started college, I moved to Podgorica and for the fun with people of another faith, if it is informal, but when it first time I had the opportunity to meet and hang out and involves parents and the environment, they are limited by that cooperate longer with people from different parts of Mon- choice" are some of the striking findings of the survey. For the tenegro. For me, it was important if people were honest, mentioned ten years, seems that nothing has changes. Be- ready for cooperation and mutual assistance in learning. sides the engagement of various NGOs, seems that results But, this is not important to some people. Montenegrin tra- largely lack. I can almost say status quo. And this situation is ditional question "What is your origin?/Čegović?", which acceptable, OK, and does not ask for changes? probably came from the need of prominent members of Final answer to the previous three paragraphs is a large society and their family members to be recognized, in mod- NO. For that reason, I wonder if tolerance is what we really ern time received a different connotation. By knowing the want and what we should really show? Is it something that surname and/or the name of parents, the examiner obvi- will serve us well and forever, and what will really help us ously made a picture full of prejudices about his speaker. It to get to know each other better and understand, ex- was especially noticeable that visitors from the north of change ideas and experiences without obstacles and sim- Montenegro were the constant target of jokes and serious ply live together and happily in one country? If we take forms of discrimination. into account that in addition to coexistence, co-operation, Besides all the above described, the system functions on building of neighborly and friendly relations, we should the first glance. Children go to school, they learn some- be interested in and familiarize with the culture, heritage thing, perhaps they go to college, and some of them get and specificities of (other) minority communities with employment before or after that step. And this is some- whom we share this beautiful part of the earth, I think thing that is supposed to be tolerance? If you look the sci- that “respect” is a better term. It has no borders. Respect- entific and biological meaning of the concept tolerance, ing the same, similar, but also different opinion, attitude, you will see that it represents the resistance of an organism customs - does not imply surrender, or weakness, or that or ecosystem on specific substances or occurrences, to the one becomes assimilated or anything similar in that con- extent that does not endanger implied “normal” manner text, but just the opposite – that you become richer with of functioning. Does this mean that tolerance towards mi- one more experience. This is the effect of synergy that can norities (should) have a limit? only lead to benefits at both personal and social level. And One Albanian pupil is not a problem, because he will not to quote George Bernard Shaw: “If you have an apple and be able to speak with others in Albanian? It is OK to have I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you a Muslim friend and sit with him at the same school table, and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea but not to visit him at his home? Friendship and fun and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each among youth of different national and religious affiliations of us will have two ideas.”

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 8 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

DAMIR RAMOVIĆ Public service MNE, Chief of Desk [email protected] From the traditional to modern media

uring the year of crisis – 2009, I have been trained "copy-paste" skill of their journalists in introduction Dfor the position of editor in chief in news media of the new technologies. Most of the world's TV sets (and I am still in the process). I spent a year in the morn- have already adapted to the new way of doing business ing program. But then, we received information from and getting their program close to the computer-liter- the USA that the crisis had started to hit media and that ate viewers. Some with less, some with more money, the big Washington Post struggled to keep its printed but they only need to be searched in the virtual space. edition while trying to charge for electronic. In that mo- The Internet also brings interaction between viewers ment, the fight seemed like the distant future for Mon- and television, so any viewer could be a viewer/re- tenegro. Our Internet portals were moslty intended to porter. The real example is the facebook page "Pod- diaspora, so they could read few days old information. goricki Vremepolov". "Exclusive" photos, videos, and Information could really “survive” until the morning. information published by members of this virtual I was not much interested in media management, just group are more often transmitted by regional media, like our media managers were not interested in col- than "exclusive information" of some registered por- lapse of the world giant. Few years later, the circulation tals. No matter if we want this to admit or not, "Pod- of newspaper cut on half, so people nowadays read goricki Vremeplov" has become the fastest media in newspaper in coffee places and offices. They read even Montenegro. But the true is that information often are obituaries on the Internet. A lot of my colleagues lost not controlled, sometimes incorrect. On the other their jobs then, or they gave up of this profession. Man- hand, there were information that disturb the public, agers mostly stayed on their positions. which should be the point of journalism. After all, the What will happen with the television, as a media? The state budget also benefited from the misdemeanor last research showed that 70% of re- penalties, which the police charged thanks to the im- ceived information from the TV. Remaining 30% re- ages and videos from "Vremeplov". ceived information from the computer. This is positive Investment in this, for us, a brand new, developed information for the television in Montenegro. At the media - TV platform, needs money, people, and pa- same time, this proportion is opposite in Croatia be- tience to wait for the new trends that will definitely cause 70% of its citizens find the needed information come; the same thing happened to print media. The on the internet, besides all other media sources. This public service has a chance; stable funding, 750 em- informaion should be alarming for our TV managers. ployees and is waiting for digitization. The research The world trends are coming late to our small market says that mostly men older than 55 years, watch our in this case, so this should be taken as an advantage. program. Public Services can hardly attract the younger Managers should therefore apply the (non)hidden audience. What we can do is to make youngsters be "the part of the editorial board". "Three Media" is the project that is intended to be im- plemented for years in the Public Service. It has never strayed from the morning meetings of the editors of three redactions. They even don't work there anymore. We have a chance to make the first step, from the tra- ditional to the modern, be we just need to recognize and grab it.

The first steps have been made The first step towards the modern has been made. Correspondent of the Public Service from Nikšić records his reports with a mobile phone. Live reporting from Washington was also done with a mobile phone. You have not noticed ... and you will not even notice, after digitization.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 9 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

JELENA MRDAK UNDP Montenegro, Project Manager [email protected] Local self-governance tailored to the needs of businesses

unicipalities are like leeches, they only want immune to these problems. A large number of laws “Mto take our money”, said one of the business- imply implementation at the local level, through di- men at the round table “No barriers! So the business rect communication with citizens. What they do dif- doesn’t wait.” This is not surprising, because the num- ferently is more rational use of employees through ber of employees rose with elections, and salaries need inter-municipal cooperation. For example, why em- to be paid regularly. I have heard one of the former ployees in the Projecting and Planning Agency in Mu- leaders of local administrations, saying that if all em- nicipality Niksic wouldn’t draft plan documents for ployees came at work one day, they would not all have Šavnik as well? Šavnik could cover certain percentage a chair to sit. of salary of one of the officers, thus it would be Relationship between local self-governments and busi- cheaper for both Nikšić and Šavnik. Why the EU proj- ness community is more complex than it seems. Com- ect manager from would not draft a project petences and tasks of local self-governments are proposal for the cross-border cooperation for Pet- increasing, just like financial duties and the need for njica? Or why the salary of an internal auditor would better administrative capacities. However, all newly not be shared between municipalities Plav and Gus- adopted laws are not followed with adequate allocation inje, according to the Agreement on Cooperation? of funds to local self-governments, so they can finance Local self-governments in some other countries focus new obligations. Amendments of certain legal provi- on provision of more efficient and better quality of serv- sions had negative impact on local self-government fi- ices, aiming to stimulate economic development. De- nances, by abolishing or reducing local revenues, velopment of economy improves the quality of life of which resulted in increase of local business tax rates. citizens. These local governments improve communi- cation and coordination among their services and use modern technology to provide all information in one place and proactively. They have analytical approach to the improvement of business environment and thus in- crease the competitiveness of their municipality. At least one third of the salary of each municipal officer is financed from taxes, fees, reimbursements and indi- rectly from the VAT paid by the business community. And yet, businessmen from each of nine municipali- ties, where we organized round tables, said it was the first time that local governments gathered them to talk about business barriers. However, the fact is that busi- nessmen almost never respond to invitations to the public debates organized by local governments. There- fore, they do not use the opportunity to influence local regulations and strategic documents. "So, we all be- come witnesses of the counterproductive and disas- trous practice, where, in stead of resolving the budget deficit and poor administration by the internal munic- Demographic, geographical, economic and adminis- ipal cuts, to the initiate new methods to empty our trative discrepancies among local self-governments are pockets, to the last cent! Such moves are so common huge, while the law is same for all. It would be useful if that I can no longer follow them. Then everyone is people who write and rewrite those laws would go be- shocked when salaries are paid without taxes, when yond Bioče and see the reality in Andrijevica and workers are fired and companies are closed, debts left Rožaje, before they introduce new legal obligations for unpaid, people owe money, and we started thinking on them. If they were only more responsive to demands moving our businesses to the illegal sphere! Personally, and comments of the Union of Municipalities. I'm so close to make such a decision", concluded the Local self-governments in other countries are also not businessman from the beginning of the story.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 10 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

VLADANA VUČINIĆ Quality Assurance Specialist at CFCU ‐ Ministry of Finance [email protected] Norway – the state of the midnight sun

entioning Norway, most people firstly think on In all of this, it is interesting that the Norwegians use Mice, fish and Vikings. However, the country of traditional materials such as fir trees, more than most “the midnight sun” has to offer much more than cold European countries. If you come to Norway by plane, salmon cocktail. Three years ago I was in a study visit immediately upon arrival at the airport you meet with to Oslo and Lillehammer as the School of Democratic the connection with the nature they cultivate through Leadership alumni. Although my colleagues from the urban design. Airport is built of exclusively environ- group probably wrote about their Norwegian experi- mentally friendly materials: woods from Scandinavian ence from another perspective in previous editions of forests, recycled steel and concrete and is one of the Bulletin, my memories on this beautiful country are most efficient airports in the world, with the best rat- so warm, ecological and cultural. ing of the global standard for sustainable design. What differentiates Norway from other countries that Such an aesthetic combination with the low energy get “overexcited” with the oil and are constantly dissi- performance characterizes one of the major tourist at- pating money is the mentality that produces a long- tractions in Oslo – Opera house that illustrates all Nor- term planning and a wise investment in development. wegian architectural skills. What I specifically The Norwegians, aware of the wealth of their fisheries, remember is the first glance that left me breathless at water and fossil fuels were among the first Europeans this half-billion worth iceberg built of marble, which who felt worried about the environmental protection. arises from Oslofjord, which is complemented by the Behind the postcards of mountains descending into enjoyment of the masterful performance of the sea, fjords and spectacular "Aurora borealis" lights, Shostakovich's opera "Lady Macbeth". Except being Norway is a modern country that strives to protect its used for sunbathing in the summer and sliding in the natural heritage. After a decade, since receiving the winter, this expensive architectural building also char- title of the third green city in Europe (after Copen- acterizes great acoustics in a wooden interior. Along hagen and Stockholm), Oslo has been proclaimed the with the opera, I had honor and luck to attend the am- European Green Capital for 2019. bience of the premiere of Ibsen's "Ghosts" drama, What really impressed me is their unique relationship transformed into modern ballet, which has so far with nature that is very enthusiastic. Ecological habits achieved great international success. Besides Ibsen, are integrated into everyday life and education, whose quotations cover the sidewalks of Oslo, Norway through common rules of "living together" and recy- produced many other artists, most notably two of Ed- cling is carried out since childhood. "Cities in nature, ward: the painter Munch and the composer Grieg. not nature in the city" is determined motto of the city While Grieg's classical music is completely available to planners in Norway. Therefore, private houses all everyone, Munch's first, out of four "Scream" originals around the state have been constructed of wood in can be seen at the National Gallery in Oslo, which is order to fit to the existing terrain. free of charge. Through ecology and culture, Norwegian soci- ety expresses its deep egalitarian and humani- tarian ideas. Norway not only recognizes the risks of climate changes, but tries to limit them through their own example. We call this a wise policy of sustainable development, which is here in Montenegro mentioned only in the form of paper strategy or the name of an gov- ernmental body. However, the idea to satisfy the needs of the present generation, without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs, is absent in both EU and UN practices, because, if everybody would follow the example of Norway, the names of Katrina and Irma would nowadays only be given to girls instead of devastating hurricanes.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 11 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org Electronic issue  Quarter publication  Number 14  October 2017

NEWS FROM SDL

Strengthening of responsibility of women and youth in public and political life

Joint seminar of School of Democratic Leader- ship and School of Political Studies from Bosnia and Herzegovina took place at the Hotel “Palas” in Petrovac, from 6 to 8 October. Besides rep- resentatives of these two schools, the seminar attended 10 young representatives of political parties from Serbia, Croatia and Kosovo. Topic of the seminar was “Strengthening of respon- sibility of women and youth in public and po- litical life”. Participants of this year’s generations represented schools, and among them were representatives of political parties, media, civil society. Bearing in mind the importance of participation of women and youth in public and political life and similar situations in our countries in this field, seminar was great opportunity for learning, discussion, and exchange of experiences.

World Forum for Democracy 2017 Public dialogue on sustainable use of energy in the South-East Europe World Forum for Democracy will take place from 8 to 10 November in Strasbourg and this year’s topic of School of Democratic Leadership has started imple- WFD will be “Populism, media and political parties”. mentation of the new phase of the project “Public Di- Like in previous years, School of Democratic Leader- alogue on efficient use of energy in the South East ship with its delegation will participate in this presti- Europe”, which will last until the end of 2019. The proj- gious event that gathers more than 500 participants ect is focused on regional cooperation of parliamen- from all around the world. Participants of this Forum tarians and topics such as energy efficiency and 2017 will be representatives of XV generation of SDL climate changes. It will be implemented in the frame- – members of political parties and media. Visit to the work of the Energy Community Parliamentarian European Court of Human Rights and Embassy of plenum, with the strengthening of parliamentarian Montenegro is planned during this study visit. WFD processes in this field at the national level. The project program is available on this link: is implemented in cooperation with the partner http://www.coe.int/en/web/world-forum-democ- schools from five region countries: Serbia, Macedonia, racy/programme-2017 Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the continuous support of the Open Regional Fund for the South East Europe Energy Efficiency - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusamme- narbeit (GIZ).

* Images in the Bulletin have been taken from the Internet, in accordance with the Creative Commons license.

School of Democratic Leadership, st. Studentska, lamella 9, app. no. 5, 81000 Podgorica; supported by 12 tel/fax: +382 20 513 687; e-mail: offi[email protected]; www.sdr.gamn.org