Report of Activities 1998

Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5992

Report of Activities, 1998 Resident Geologist Program

Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern and Southwestern Districts, Mines and Minerals Information Centre, and Petroleum Resources Centre

1999

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report 5992

Report of Activities, 1998 Resident Geologist Program

Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern and Southwestern Districts, Mines and Minerals Information Centre, and Petroleum Resources Centre

P.J. Sangster, W.J. McGuinty, V.C. Papertzian, K.G. Steele, C.R. Lee, D.A. Laidlaw, J.M. Stewart and T.R. Carter

1999

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Sangster, P.J., McGuinty, W.J., Papertzian, V.C., Steele, K.G., Lee, C.R., Laidlaw, D.A., Stewart, J.M. and Carter,T.R. 1999. Report of Activities 1998, Resident Geologist Program, Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern and Southwestern Districts, Mines and Minerals Information Centre, and Petroleum Re- sources Centre; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5992, 77p.

e Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 1999 e Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 1999. Open File Reports of the Ontario Geological Survey are available for viewing at the Mines Library in Sudbury, at the Mines and Minerals Information Centre in Toronto, and at the regional Mines and Minerals office whose district includes the area covered by the report (see below). Copies can be purchased at Publication Sales and the office whose district includes the area covered by the report. Al- though a particular report may not be in stock at locations other than the Publication Sales office in Sudbury, they can generally be obtained within 3 working days. All telephone, fax, mail and e--mail orders should be directed to the Publi- cation Sales office in Sudbury. Use of VISA or MasterCard ensures the fastest possible service. Cheques or money orders should be made payable to the Minister of Finance. Mines and Minerals Information Centre (MMIC) Tel: (416) 314-3800(local) Macdonald Block, Room M2-17 1--800--665--4480(toll free inside Ontario) 900 Bay St. Toronto, Ontario M7A 1C3 Mines Library Tel: (705) 670-5615 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level A3 Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5 Publication Sales Tel: (705) 670-5691(local) 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Level A3 1-888-415-9847(toll-free) Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5 Fax: (705) 670-5770 E-mail: [email protected]

Regional Mines and Minerals Offices: Kenora - Box 5050, 810 Robertson St., Kenora P9N 3X9 Kirkland Lake - 4 Government Rd. E., Kirkland Lake P2N 1A2 Red Lake - Box 324, Ontario Government Building, Red Lake P0V 2M0 Sault Ste. Marie - Suite 200, 70 Foster Dr., Sault Ste. Marie P6A 3H3 Sioux Lookout - Box 3000, Queen and Fourth, Sioux Lookout P8T 1C6 Southern Ontario - P.O. Bag Service 43, Old Troy Rd., Tweed K0K 3J0 Sudbury - Level B3, 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury P3E 6B5 Thunder Bay - Suite B002, 435 James St. S., Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 Timmins - Ontario Government Complex, P.O. Bag 3060, Hwy. 101 East, South Porcupine P0N 1H0 Toronto - MMIC, Macdonald Block, Room M2--17, 900 Bay St., Toronto M7A 1C3

This report has not received a technical edit. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Ministry of Northern Devel- opment and Mines does not assume any liability. Source referencesare included in the report and users are urged to verify critical information. Recommendations and statements of opinions expressed are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statements of government policy. If you wish to reproduce any of the text, tables or illustrations in this report, please write for permission to the Team Leader, Publication Services, Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Level B4, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5.

Cette publication est disponible en anglais seulement. Parts of this report may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference be made in the following form:

Sangster, P.J., McGuinty, W.J., Papertzian, V.C., Steele, K.G., Lee, C.R., Laidlaw, D.A., Stewart, J.M. and Carter, T.R. 1999. Report of Activities 1998, Resident Geologist Program, Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern and Southwestern Districts, Mines and Minerals Information Centre, and Petroleum Resources Centre; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5992, 77p.

iii v

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

RESIDENT GEOLOGIST PROGRAM

REPORT OF ACTIVITIES - 1998

SOUTHERN ONTARIO

REGIONAL RESIDENT GEOLOGIST DISTRICT

Contents

Southeast Regional Resident Geologist District -- 1998 Introduction ...... 1 Mining Activity ...... 1 Tomclid Iron Mine ...... 1 Advanced Exploration ...... 1 Regis Resources ...... 1 Madoc Mining Update ...... 2 Exploration Activity ...... 2 Diamond Lake Minerals Inc, Graphite Mountain...... 2 Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc...... 2 A. Banner, Ore Chimney Mine ...... 3 Sparton Resources, Long Lake Zinc...... 3 W.S. Kennedy, Desert Lake Property...... 3 OPAP Highlights -- Wolfe Lake Property...... 4 OPAP Highlights -- Gold Base Occurrence...... 4 OPAP Highlights -- Brougham Township, Feldspar...... 4 OPAP Highlights --R. Dillman, Tudor Township...... 5 Land Use Planning Activity ...... 5 Lands for Life ...... 5 Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing...... 5 Resident Geologist Program Staff and Activities...... 5 Property Examinations ...... 6 M. Glanfield, Payrock Gold Occurrence...... 6 Mountain Lake Property, Cavendish Township...... 7 Recommendations for Exploration ...... 7 Bancoft Terrane, Pegmatite Dykes...... 8 Methuen Township Ilmenite Deposit...... 8 Muscovite ...... 8 OGS Activities and Research by Others...... 9 References ...... 10 Metric Conversion Table ...... 77 Figures 1. Mining activity 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 25 2. Exploration activity 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 26 3. Property visits and claim staking activity 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast) ...... 27 Tables 1. Mining Activity in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 11 2. Claims recorded and assessment work in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast) ...... 14 3. Exploration activity in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 14

4. Property Visits Completed in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 17 5. Assessment files received in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 19 6. Statistics 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 20 7. Library Acquisitions 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 20 8. Mineral deposits not currently being mined 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast) ...... 20 9. Historic Production of Gold – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 22 10. Historic Production of Copper, Lead and Zinc – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast) ...... 22 11. Historic Production of Iron – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 23 12. Publications of Ontario Geological Survey Activities in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast)...... 24

Southwest Ontario Resident Geologist District - 1998 Introduction ...... 31 Mining Activity ...... 31 Rock Salt ...... 31 Sifto Canada Inc. – Goderich Mine...... 31 TheCanadianSaltCompany–OjibwayMine...... 32 Salt in Brine ...... 32 Gypsum ...... 33 CGC Inc. – Hagersville Mine...... 33 Georgia Pacific Canada Inc. – Caledonia No. 3 Mine...... 33 Cement ...... 33 Blue Circle Cement – Bowmanville and St. Mary’s Quarries...... 33 Lafarge Canada Inc. – Woodstock Quarry...... 34 St. Lawrence Cement – Mississauga Quarry...... 34 Clay/Shale Products ...... 34 Canada Brick – Aldershot, Burlington, Milton and Streetsville Quarries...... 34 Brampton Brick – Cheltenham Quarry...... 35 Chemical, Metallurgical & Filler Limestone and Dolostone Products...... 35 Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd. – Ingersoll Quarry...... 35 BeachviLime Ltd. – Beachville West Quarry...... 35 Guelph DoLime Ltd. – Guelph DoLime Quarry...... 36 E. C. King Contracting – Sydenham Quarry...... 36 Lafarge Canada Inc. – Dundas Quarry...... 36 Dimension/Building Stone ...... 36 Dolostone/Limestone/Marble ...... 37 Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd. – Wiarton, Owen Sound and Senesun Quarries...... 37 Sandstone ...... 38 Gneiss ...... 38 Aggregate ...... 38 Crushed Stone ...... 38 Sand & Gravel ...... 39 Advanced Exploration and Development...... 39 Global Stone Ingersoll ltd. – Millennium Quarry...... 39 Canada Brick – Aldershot West Quarry and Plant...... 39

Credit Valley Quarries Co. Ltd. – Terra Cotta Quarry...... 40 Exploration Activity ...... 40 Resident Geologist Program Staff and Activities...... 40 Property Examinations ...... 42 Recommendations for Exploration ...... 42 Eramosa Member Dolostone of the Guelph Formation...... 42 Guelph Formation Dolostone ...... 43 OGS Activities and Research by Others...... 43 References ...... 44 Metric Conversion Table ...... 77 Figures 1. Producing Mines and Quarries – Southwest Ontario District, 1998...... 46 2. Property visits conducted by the Southwest Ontario District geology staff in 1998...... 48 Tables 1. Mine production and reserves in Southwest Ontario District...... 50 2. Property visits conducted by the Southwest Ontario District staff...... 51 3. New OGS and GSC publications on Southwest Ontario released in 1998...... 52 4. Selected publications received in 1998 by Southwest Ontario Geology Office...... 53 5. Mineral deposits not being mined in Southwest Ontario District in 1998...... 54

Toronto - Mines and Minerals Information Centre - 1998 Introduction ...... 59 MMIC Services ...... 59 ERLIS/Geoscience Databases ...... 59 Publication Sales ...... 59 Library Services ...... 60 MMIC Staff and Activities ...... 60 Metric Conversion Table ...... 77 Tables 1. Geoscience journals and peridoicals incorporated into the MMIC library during 1998...... 61 2. Geoscience and mining related newsletters received by the MMIC library in 1998...... 62 3. Selected Ontario Geological Survey publications received by MMIC library in 1998...... 62 4. Selected Geological Survey of Canada publications incorporated into the MMIC library during 1998 ...... 66 5. Selected new reference publications received by the MMIC library in 1998...... 68

Petroleum Resources Centre - 1998 Introduction ...... 73 Exploration Activity ...... 73 Recommendations for Exploration ...... 74 Metric Conversion Table ...... 77

xiii

Figures 1. Successful exploratory wells in Ontario in 1998...... 76 Tables 1. Successful exploratory wells in southwestern Ontario, 1998...... 75

Ontario Geological Survey Resident Geologist Program

Southeast Ontario Regional Resident Geologist District—1998

P.J. Sangster, V.C. Papertzian and D.A. Laidlaw

1999

SOUTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL RESIDENT GEOLOGIST (SOUTHEAST) -- 1998 P.J. Sangster1 , V.C. Papertzian2 and D.A. Laidlaw3

1 Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist, Ontario Geological Survey 2 Southeastern Ontario District Geologist, Ontario Geological Survey 3 Southeastern Ontario District Support Geologist, Ontario Geological Survey

Introduction

In 1998 the District saw continued production from mines and quarry operations both in the Grenville Province and in the Palaeozoic rocks to the south and east. OMYA Canada Inc. completed the third year of a five--year plant expansion program near Perth. Junior mining companies, independent prospectors and one major mining company completed exploration programs in the area. As in previous years the search for gold, base metals and industrial minerals dominated exploration activity. The evaluation of potential dimension stone deposits also maintained a high profile in the area.

Nine prospectors received funding under the Ontario Prospectors Assistance Program (OPAP) totalling $90,000. Commodities sought included gold, zinc, copper, graphite, gemstones and feldspar. All grant recipients report successful field seasons. Mining Activity

During 1998 there were 35 mining operations in southeastern Ontario including: 1 metal mine; 5 industrial mineral operations; 2 trap rock producers; 2 cement producer’s quarries; 1 brick producer’s quarry; 2 gemstone and mineral specimen quarries; 21 dimension and decorative stone producers and 1 producer of magnetite as a heavy aggregate for use in nuclear shielding. For additional details please refer to Table 1. Although not shown in the table, the Bancroft Chamber of Commerce continued to operate the Bear Lake Diggings as a mineral collecting site.

For a complete listing of Mining Activity and locations of operating mines and mills in southeastern Ontario, please refer to Table 1 and Figure 1 respectively.

TOMCLIDIRONMINE

Production continued at the Tomclid Iron Mine in South Canonto Township in 1998. Approximately 4000 t of magnetite was produced from the mine with the bulk of the production being shipped directly to the purchaser. The remainder of the material was stockpiled at the Marmoraton minesite in Marmora Township. The magnetite is used as a heavy aggregate in nuclear shielding. Ontario Hydro was the only customer purchasing this product in 1997 but contracts were signed with additional purchasers in 1998. (P. Kriens, personal communication, Tomclid Iron Mines Ltd., February 1999). Advanced Exploration

REGIS RESOURCES VERMICULITE DEPOSIT – CAVENDISH TOWNSHIP

Vermiculite was first discovered in Cavendish south of Catchacoma Lake in 1950. Over the years the property has been explored in a haphazard manner with limited test pitting and stripping. Goshawk Mines

1 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998 conducted the first systematic evaluation of the site in 1975--77. Archibald (1977) estimated that a minimum of 49 400 t of vermiculite averaging 11.9% exfoliated vermiculite was contained within the topsoil. The concentration of vermiculite in bedrock is generally less than 5% and decreases with depth. Initial testing by Goshawk indicated that the material is unsuitable for agricultural purposes but would be suitable for use in insulation, wallboard, plasters and similar products. (MacKinnon et al, 1989) Opposition from a cottager’s association and fine grain size of the exfoliated material hampered the development of the deposit at that time.

Regis Resources acquired the property in 1997 and has successfully outlined a new zone to the west of Highway 507, well removed from the cottage area. In 1998, the company staked an additional 98 claims over the newly discovered zone. Diamond drilling to confirm the depth of the weathered material was completed and 7 trenches were excavated to further define the deposit. Over 1000 samples were collected and sent to Lakefield Laboratories for testing. Testing includes screening and exfoliation. Regis Resources is currently obtaining permits to develop the deposit under the Aggregate Resources Act. When the Resident and District Geologist visited the property in January 1999, the last of the trenches was being back--filled as a safety measure. (F. Archibald, personal communication Feb.1999, P. Sangster, personal observations, Jan.1999,)

MADOC MINING UPDATE

Madoc Mining has formed a new company to exclusively develop the Bannockburn gold prospect in Madoc Township. The new company, Adobe Ventures Limited, reports that testing of a 1800 ton bulk sample trucked to the St. Andrews Goldfields mill in Timmins in 1997 was not completed. The property was placed on temporary suspension and is currently inactive. Published reserves are 225 000 tons at 0.267 ounce per ton gold. Adobe Ventures plans to bring the deposit into production include bringing a hydro line to the site from the nearby community of Eldorado. The company is currently seeking additional financing for the project. (D.Timony, Adobe Ventures, personal communication, Feb.1999)

Exploration Activity

DIAMOND LAKE MINERALS INC., GRAPHITE MOUNTAIN INC. – BEDFORD TOWNSHIP

In recent years, exploration by Diamond Lake Minerals Inc. has defined a significant new graphite deposit in Bedford Township. The graphite occurs as disseminated flakes in marble units that are highly contorted due to intense folding. The strong deformation has produced highly enriched graphitic zones, especially at the apex of folded units. (King, 1994)

Work done to date has included stripping, trenching, sampling, air--track drilling, bulk sampling, bench testing and market research. In 1997, the company purchased an industrial building in Perth for the production of graphite. A report by James E. Tilsley and Associates summarizing the results of the 1998 exploration program indicates a resource volume of 2.4 Mt in three geologically defined potential mineralized zones. Plans for 1999 include additional definition diamond drilling to confirm the reserves and the acquiring of the necessary permitting to bring the deposit into production. (D. Houston, Diamond Lake Minerals Inc., personal communications, Feb. 1999)

NORANDA MINING AND EXPLORATION INC.

Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc. continued both regional and property scale exploration programs for zinc in southeastern Ontario during 1998.

2 Sangster et al.

In the Renfrew area, exploration continued in the Cadieux property optioned from Breakwater Resources Ltd. in 1996. The Cadieux zinc deposit was first discovered in 1922 and contains roughly 750 000 t of mineralization grading approximately 10%Zn and 1%Pb. The deposit is hosted in dolomitic and calcitic marbles. Since acquiring the ground, Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc. has completed prospecting, geological mapping and diamond drilling. In early 1998, the diamond drill testing of an IP anomaly returned values of 15% Zn over 1.5m to 1.6m. Despite these encouraging results the option has been abandoned.

Further work including diamond drilling is planned for 1999 in Bagot Township on a new zinc showing found by in Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc. in 1998. Preliminary testing of the occurrence with 5 short Winke--type drill holes totaling 70m has been completed. (G. Rogers, personal communication, Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc., Feb 1999, Sangster et al 1998)

A. BANNER, ORE CHIMNEY MINE – BARRIE TOWNSHIP

Exploration and development of the Ore Chimney prospect occurred intermittently from 1909 to 1932. Mine development on the property included the sinking of a vertical shaft that measures 408 feet with drift development on the 108--, 150--, 250--, 300--, 332--, and 400--foot levels. Approximately 1300 feet of drifts were completed on these levels following a quartz vein that trends 045o to 055.o A winze was constructed from the 400--foot level to an additional vertical depth of 125 feet and another drift was established at the 100--foot level. Since this early mine development, no further underground work has been conducted on the property except for de--watering and sampling on the 150--foot level in 1983.

V. B. Meen (1942) described the property as follows: “The ore in the mine is said to be auriferous quartz with pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite mineralization. No veins were observed on surface in the vicinity of the shaft, which is located in sheared greenstone which strikes N45o-- 5 5 oE and has a vertical dip.”

During the autumn of 1998 the mine dump material at the Ore Chimney Gold Mine was re--sampled by several interested parties. Representatives of Minpro International Ltd. collected and assayed 14 samples from the property for gold and silver, however, results were reported as being disappointing. An agent working on behalf of Banirwin Mining Ltd. collected 7 samples of mine dump material from 5 separate locations. Assay results for these samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.32 ounces per ton gold and 3.34 to 7.96 ounces per ton silver. The results of this sampling project are currently under review. (P.Kingston, personal communications, Feb. 1999; V.C. Papertzian, personal observations, 1998).

SPARTON RESOURCES – LONG LAKE ZINC

In early 1998, Sparton Resources diamond drill tested a number of EM anomalies on the Long Lake Zinc property located on lot 3, Concessions V and VI in Olden Township. Nine diamond drill holes were completed over and to the west and to the east of the old mine workings. The holes were sampled and assayed for nickel, silver, lead and zinc. Assay results were not available at the time of writing. No further work is planned on the property at this time. (Sparton Resources, personal communication, Jan. 1999)

W.S. KENNEDY -- DESERT LAKE PROPERTY

Prospector W.S. Kennedy holds a group of unpatented mining claims over the past producing Richardson feldspar mine in Bedford Township. From 1900 until its closure in 1951, the mine produced 228 690 tons of feldspar making it the largest producer of feldspar in Ontario. Hewitt (1967) provides a detailed description of mine geology. Feldspar was recovered from a zoned granite pegmatite dyke with a central core of quartz. In the early 1980’s work was done to evaluate the potential of the deposit as a source of high purity silica. In 1982 the property reverted back to the Crown.

3 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Since 1986 Mr. Kennedy has completed mapping, sampling, diamond drilling and market studies to test the economic potential of the mine area. McAuley, 1996 describes this site as the largest source of pegmatite quartz identified during his study. His sampling in 1995 confirms that the silica meets the silicon metal specifications.

In 1998, Mr. Kennedy shifted the focus of exploration of the property from silica to the re--evaluation of the feldspar resource. Detailed mapping and sampling of the property was completed and feldspar samples were sent to the Spruce Pines facility in North Carolina for testing. Results confirm that the feldspar is of better than average grade. (W.S. Kennedy personal communication, 1998, 1999)

ONTARIO PROSPECTORS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (OPAP) HIGHLIGHTS

WOLFE LAKE PROPERTY

With partial funding received under OPAP, prospectors Paul Tulonen and Brian King continued exploration of their gold and base metal prospect in southeastern Tudor Township. Two diamond drill holes totaling 253 m were completed to test coincident magnetic/electromagnetic anomalies. The prospectors report that the holes intersected a thick sequence of graphitic argillite, semi--massive sulphide, black chert and interbeds of felsic tuff with occasional mafic volcaniclastics rocks. Sulphide enrichment zones were observed in core from both holes. Graphite was noted both within and outside of the sulphide zones. Visual estimates of total graphitic carbon content in the drill core varies from <1% to 35%. Assay values ranged from 97 to 14 925 ppm Zn, 110 to 930 ppm Cu and 0.4 to 8.1 ppm Ag.

Core from the program has been donated to MNDM and is on file at the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist office in Tweed.

Additional exploration planned for 1999 includes: an induced polarization (IP) survey of the discovery zone; detailed geological mapping; geochemical sampling; and diamond drill testing of additional geophysical anomalies identified by an airborne geophysical survey flown in 1997. (Tulonen and King, 1998, B.King personal communications, 1999, P. Sangster. personal observations, 1999).

GOLD BASE OCCURRENCE

Henry Veeley used OPAP funding to explore the Gold Base Occurrence in Kennebec Township in much greater detail this year. Extensive re--examination and sampling of the old trenches was completed along with the excavation of a number of new trenches. The mineralization has been traced along the complete length of the property, a distance of approximately 300 metres. A grab sample from one of the quartz veins in the easternmost trench returned a value of 0.12 ounces of gold per ton. Trenching in 1998 also discovered additional parallel quartz veins. Channel samples taken from both the known and newly discovered veins returned mixed assay results. Further stripping, channel sampling and assaying will be completed during 1999. (Sangster et al, 1998, H. Veeley, personal communications, 1998,V. Papertzian, personal observations, 1998).

BROUGHAM TOWNSHIP FELDSPAR

Duncan Ash and Peter Coltas worked jointly on an OPAP funded exploration program in Brougham Township designed to evaluate the feldspar potential of their property. The partners completed extensive lithogeochemical surveys; XRF analysis on a number of samples and thin sections of selected samples. In addition, beneficiation using high intensity magnetic separation was done on a selected number of samples

4 Sangster et al. at Lakefield Laboratories. Further work is needed to establish the qualification of the site as an industrial feldspar prospect. (D. Ash, personal communication, February, 1999).

R. DILLMAN – TUDOR TOWNSHIP

OPAP funding helped Robert Dillman in the continued exploration of his gold prospect in Tudor Township resulting in a new gold discovery on the site. Mr. Dillman completed soil sampling, geological mapping and assays in 1998 and plans detailed geophysical surveys for the winter of 1999. (R. Dillman, personal communication, February, 1999). Land Use Planning Activity

LANDS FOR LIFE

In 1997 the Ministry of Natural Resources introduced the Lands for Life initiative, a land--use planning process designed to integrate both protection and use of Ontario’s natural resources. Three regional Round Tables were established to prepare regional land use strategies for Crown land and resources within an area stretching from Manitoba to Quebec and encompassing approximately 39 million ha2. The eastern part of Southern Ontario falls within the Great Lakes--St.Lawrence Round Table Region. The Resident Geologist Program (RGP) staff in Tweed prepared standardized mineral resource assessments of some 60 sites selected for protection. In addition, Tweed RGP staff acted as a resource to the Round Table providing its members with technical and scientific information on request. Tweed RGP staff also attended Lands for Life sessions in Huntsville, Bancroft, Peterborough, Sudbury, Kingston, Pembroke and Toronto. The recommendations of the Great Lakes--St.Lawrence Round Table if accepted and enacted will see 52% of the Crown Land in the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands receive varying levels of protection. Mining and exploration in these protected areas will face varying levels of restriction from minor limitations to complete prohibition. The final outcome of the Lands for Life initiative has yet to be decided.

MINISTRY OF MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS AND HOUSING (MMAH)

Through the Ministry’s commitment to mineral--related Provincial Policy Statements contained within the Planning Act, the Resident Geologist Program staff provide comment and input into the development of municipal Official Plans and Official Plan Amendments through the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing’s one--window approach.

In 1998, Tweed RGP staff reviewed Official Plans and Official Plan Amendments for the following: Prescott and Russell County, Elizabethtown Township, North Frontenac Township, McNab Township, Charlottenburg Township, Augusta Township and Westmeath Township. The Resident and District Geologists are members of the Hasting County Official Plan Technical Liaison Committee.

In conjunction with Ruth Debicki, MNDM Land Use Planning Co--ordinator, the Regional Resident Geologist prepared a training session defining MNDM planning interests for presentation to municipal planners in Toronto, Trenton and Kingston. Ongoing amalgamation of many townships and municipalities has created a need to revise mineral resource planning documents that identify MNDM areas of planning interest.

Resident Geologist Program Staff and Activities Staff of the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast) District included: P.J. Sangster, Regional Resident Geologist; V.C. Papertzian, District Geologist and D. A. Laidlaw, District Support

5 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Geologist. J. Spriging and B. Ferguson provided field season support under the Summer Experience Program.

The Lands for Life initiative was the major focus of staff time and functions from February to September 1998.

In conjunction with staff of the Southwest District a display highlighting Mining, Exploration and Development in Southern Ontario was presented at the annual Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada convention in Toronto. The display was modified and presented at the Northeastern Ontario Mines and Minerals Symposium in Kirkland Lake.

During the year, staff conducted 34 property visits. For a complete listing of property visits please refer to Table 4.

As part of Mining Awareness Week, the Tweed office created a stand--alone poster session depicting mining and exploration activity in southeastern Ontario, which was on display at several local libraries during the course of the summer. Staff also created a similar stand--alone exhibit for use during the Bancroft Gemboree.

During the course of the year 36 industry reports were processed and added to the Tweed office assessment file library. For details please refer to Table 3 this report. Table 6 provides a summary of office activity and Table 7 lists additions made to the Tweed technical library during 1998.

Property Examinations

M. GLANFIELD -- PAYROCK GOLD OCCURRENCE

In December 1998, the District Geologist accompanied prospector M. Glandfield on a visit to his property situated on lot 16, Concession I, Barrie Township.

The Payrock gold occurrence is situated on Lot 16, Concession I in Barrie Township, Frontenac County, in Eastern Ontario. V. B. Meen (1942) describes the occurrence as follows: “The Pay Rock Gold Syndicate holds eight claims covering lots 8, 9, 10, and 16 concession I, Barrie Township. In 1936, a number of trenches and shallow pits were put down in tracing a rusty zone in the dolomite in lot 16, about 500 feet north of the south boundary of the township.” “Native gold was discovered in the rusty dolomite in one of the western pits.”

Five grab samples of small, discontinuous quartz stringers hosted in rusty material within a fine to medium grained dolomite were collected in the larger trenches. The trenches are in the order of 6 m long by 3 m wide by 5 m deep. The quartz stringer zone strikes 072o and dips 70o to the south. An approximately one foot wide altered basic dyke parallels the vein system in each of the trenches. V. B. Meen (1942) reported that the visible gold is not restricted to the quartz stringers as it was found within the dolomite in one of the western pits.

The best assay recorded from the 5 grab samples analysed was 0.11 ounces per ton gold. All other assays recorded nil results in both gold and silver. Previous assay results from samples collected in 1984 by staff of the Ministry of Natural Resources yielded assays of 1.12 ounces per ton gold over a channel sample length of 1.4 m and 0.76 ounces per ton gold in a grab sample from one of the pits (V.C. Papertzian, 1984).

Detailed geological mapping and a magnetometer survey will be conducted on the property during the 1999 field season (M. Glanfield, personal communication, December 1998)

6 Sangster et al.

MOUNTAIN LAKE PROPERTY – CAVENDISH TOWNSHIP

On October 30, 1998 the Regional Resident and District Geologist visited the property of 1045639 Ontario Limited in southern Cavendish Township. The company holds 4 claims over a large and prominent granite hill, which is currently being evaluated for its aggregate potential.

To access the property Highway 36 is taken from the town of Burleigh Falls to its junction with Hwy. 507. Hwy 507 is followed north approximately 10km to Fire Access Road. This all weather bush road is taken 1km west to the claim group.

In the 1970’s an effort was made to develop a granite quarry in the area but reportedly failed due to funding difficulties. Immediately to the north of the claim group, large blocks appear to have been removed from a narrow pegmatite dyke, however, there is no record of this work on file either at the Tweed office or with the current owner. An abandoned limestone quarry used by the Ministry of Transportation in local road building is situated to the west of the claim group

The company has completed linecutting, magnetometer surveys, geological mapping and mechanical stripping of overburden on site. Two vertical diamond drill holes have been drilled to test the depth, homogeneity and competency of the granite. (Lashbrook, 1998)

At the time of the visit, a stripped area roughly 70 m x 30 m on the southwest flank of the mountain was examined. A sump had been dug in the swamp at the base of the outcrop to collect water for washing the exposed rock prior to mapping and for use in diamond drilling. On the south facing side of the hill, spalling of large blocks has created a talus slope.

The exposure is generally uniform with local concentrations of narrow pegmatite dykes. The weathered surface of the granite is well rounded, light pink to buff in colour with occasional red hematite spots. On the fresh surface the rock is medium grained, medium pink in colour and appears to be composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with minor biotite. Joint sets on the southwest end of the stripped area appear to be too closely spaced to allow for the quarrying of large blocks from that area.

The consultant’s report concluded that that the material is suitable for use as aggregate and that there may be potential for quarrying large blocks from an area not examined during the property visit. Mapping has also identified a potential limestone resource on the claims. (R.L. Lashbrook, personal communication, October 1998, P. Sangster, personal observations, October, 1998, Lashbrook, R.L., 1998 Unpublished Report, An Exploration Program in Cavendish Township.) Recommendations for Exploration

There are many high mineral potential areas in Southeastern Ontario, which remain inadequately explored despite the region’s long history of mineral exploration and production. Traditional exploration targets in the Grenville Province in Southeastern Ontario have been vein--hosted gold deposits and base metals. In recent decades, the focus has also been placed on the search for industrial mineral deposits. There are over 7,000 documented occurrences of gold, base metals and industrial minerals in the District, however, in many cases early discoveries have not been systematically evaluated.

The geological database for the Grenville Province is extensive but incomplete. With the possible exception of the Long Lake zinc mine and the Marmoraton iron mine, few major metallic mineral deposits of any type have been discovered in the Grenville Province in Ontario. Known occurrences are small in comparison to similar deposits present in parts of the Superior province. (Easton 1992) Please refer to Tables 9, 10 and 11of this report for historic metal production statistics.

Table 8 provides a listing of the known mineral deposits in southeastern Ontario, which are not currently being mined. The program emphasis that is currently being placed on the deepening of the

7 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Mineral Deposits Inventory (MDI) database includes the re--examination of known occurrences. These studies may help to provide a better understanding of ore--forming processes that were active in the Grenville Province and assist in the formulation of new exploration models that are applicable to the region.

BANCROFT TERRANE PEGMATITE DYKES

There are 82 rare--earth element occurrences in southern Ontario associated with pegmatite dykes. Many of the pegmatites are concentrated within the Bancroft Terrane of the Central Metasedimentary Belt and are generally similar in setting and timing to the rare element and uraniferous pegmatites of the Superior Province. (Easton 1992) One of the 2 well--known beryl--bearing pegmatite dykes in Lyndoch Township, concession XV, lot 23, was commercially mined in 1939. Analysis of the beryl samples from this property yielded 14.38% BeO and 0.18% LiO2. (Hewitt 1953) This zoned pegmatite is mineralogically composed of pink albite, microcline, quartz, biotite, beryl, muscovite and magnetite with associated rare earth minerals such as, euxenite (lyndochite) a titano--tantalo--columbite of rare earths, U, Th, Fe and Ca; columbite, monazite, cyrtolite (rare zircon) and allanite. (Hewitt 1953) The second beryl--bearing granite pegmatite is located on lots 30 and 31, concession XV. It was worked between 1935 and 1950. The mineralogy consists of white and pink albite, pink microcline--perthite, rose, smoky and white quartz; hornblende; biotite; muscovite; magnetite; columbite--tantalite; euxenite; beryl; fluorite; cyrtolite; molybdenite; specularite; pyrite; and calcite. (Hewitt 1953) Other pegmatite dykes mapped in Lyndoch, Brudenell and Radcliffe townships may warrant a closer look with respect to the exploration for rare--earth elements. There is no record of assessment files for Radcliffe and Brudenell townships, and geological mapping was last conducted over this area during the late 1940’s. There are no active mining claims in Radcliffe and Brudenell townships. Further examination of the other 80 rare--earth mineral occurrences is recommended. Beryllium, lithium, niobium and tantalum are used principally in electronic and electrical components, steel alloys, drugs and aerospace applications. (USGS, 1999)

METHUEN TOWNSHIP ILMENITE DEPOSIT

Approximately 95% of titanium--mineral production is consumed in the manufacture of titanium dioxide, a non--toxic, powdered white pigment used in paint, plastics, rubber and paper. Ilmenite is the source of 90% of the world’s titanium dioxide. World reserves of natural rutile are rapidly declining and titaniferous slag and synthetic rutile produced from the beneficiation of ilmenite are gaining prominence as high--grade feedstock. (Harben 1996) The Twin Lakes gabbro in southeastern Methuen Township is roughly elliptical in plan (4km x 2km). The intrusion has a thin marginal zone of diorite and gabbro, a predominant central zone of non--cumulate gabbro and a small zone of gabbronorite and oxide--rich cumulates. An ilmenite deposit has been discovered within the cumulate zone. Exploration of the deposit by the Canadian Nickel Company in the early 1980’s defined reserves of 13.2 million tonnes of 21.7% TiO2, recoverable from open pit to a depth of 165m, with a rock: ore ratio of 0.54 (Ketchum et al 1983). This large unexploited reserve of ilmenite is suitable for the production of titanium dioxide for use by the pigment industry. Prospector W.J. Brown et al presently hold the mineral rights to the deposit which is currently inactive.

MUSCOVITE

Two large deposits of fine--grained muscovite are found in the pelitic schists of the Flinton Group near Tweed and near Fernleigh. These schists also contain ancillary minerals such as garnet, sillimanite,

8 Sangster et al. feldspar, staurolite and magnetite which could be extracted and sold where combined quantities are greater than 60%.

Sillimanite is used in the manufacture of acidic refractories, especially in mortars and in castables. Staurolite has traditionally been used as an abrasive, but demand for this mineral as sandblasting sand has increased with the discontinued use of silica sand due to health reasons.

Micas are used in a variety of products depending upon the grain size. Coarse flake material is used in the oil well--drilling industry while the superfine powder is used in paints, plastics, rubber products and paper. The intermediate flake sizes are used in the following products: concrete block fillers, refractory bricks, gypsum boards, asphalt roofing felts, shingles, absorbent in explosives, disinfectants, automotive components, welding electrodes, cables and wires, pipeline enamels, mastics, lubricants, adhesives, texture paints, acoustical plasters and ceiling tiles.

The demand for mica increased worldwide in 1997. Production is expected to have increased approximately 3% to 5% in 1998. (Hendrick, USGS, Minerals Information, 1997)

A fine--grained muscovite property near Tweed was worked in the late 70’s to early 80’s. It has a strike length in excess of 2 miles and ranges from 100 to 400 feet in width. This deposit was diamond drill tested and a 40 000 ton bulk sample was extracted for testing in Japan.

The muscovite quartz--schist between the towns of Fernleigh and Ardoch varies between 100 to 350 feet in width and has a strike length of approximately 5 miles. Staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite, plagioclase, garnet and biotite all occur within this unit. A second band of lower grade muscovite--bearing schist occurs approximately 3 miles north of Ardoch. It ranges up to 1000 foot wide with a strike length of about 1.5 miles. (Kingston 1982,1995).

Exploration should be focussed on the pelitic schists of the Clare River synform and the Fernleigh--Ardoch areas

OGS Activities and Research by Others

In October 1998 R.M. Easton spent approximately 3.5 weeks mapping in the Puzzle Lake– Fifth Depot Lake area to evaluate the mineral potential of the area which had been tentatively designated under the Lands for Life initiative.

D. Andjelkovic and A.R. Cruden, University of Toronto, have an ongoing research program to study relationships between fractures in Paleozoic cover rocks and structures in the Precambrian basement in south central Ontario.

Both Easton and Andjelkovic used the Tweed RGO office as a base of operations for their field programs.

Detailed descriptions of these programs are given in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities, Ontario Geological Survey, 1998, Miscellaneous Paper 169. For a complete listing of Ontario Geological Survey Publications in 1998 related to the District, please refer to Table 12.

9 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

References

Andjelkovic, D. 1999 Relationships between Fractures in Paleozoic Cover Rocks and Structures in the Precambrian Basement in South Central Ontario: In Summary of Field Work and Other Activities, Ontario Geological Survey, 1998, Miscellaneous Paper 169, p.275--280

Easton, R.M. 1992. Metallogeny of the Grenville Province; in Geology of Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 4, Part 2, p.1217--1252.

Easton, R.M. 1999. Geology and Mineral Potential of the Puzzle Lake Area, Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province: In Summary of Field Work and Other Activities, Ontario Geological Survey, 1998, Miscellaneous Paper 169, p.209--215

Harburn, P. 1996. Titanium and Zirconium Minerals in Industrial Minerals, A Global Geology. Industrial Minerals Information Ltd., Surrey, UK 462pp

Hewitt, D.F. 1953. Geology of the Brudenell--Raglan area; Ontario Department of Mines, Volume 62, Part 5, p.1--101 accompanied by Map 1953--2.

Hewitt, D.F. 1967. Pegmatite Mineral Resources of Ontario, Industrial Mineral Report 21.

King, B. and Tulonen, P. 1998. Unpublished Report, Wolfe Lake Project – 1998. Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist, Southeast District files. 14p

Kingston, P.W. and MacKinnon, A. 1990. New Industrial Minerals in southeastern Ontario, CIMM Bulletin Vol. 83, No. 93 pp 92--100

MacKinnon, A., Kingston, P.W. and Springer, J.S. 1989. Vermiculite in the Stanleyville Area, Lanark County, Eastern Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5711, 87p.

Meen, V.B. 1942. Ontario Department of Mines, Annual report Volume LI, Part IV, 50p accompanied by Map 51--d.

Papertzian, V.C. 1984 Gold Occurrences of Barrie Township, Unpublished Report, Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist, Southeast District files. 14p

Sangster, P.J., Papertzian, V.C., Steele, K.G., Laidlaw, D.A., Stewart, J.M. and Carter, T.R. 1998. Report of Activities 1997, Resident Geologist Program, Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s Report: Southeastern and Southwestern Districts, Mines and Minerals Information Centre, and Petroleum Resources Centre; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5974, 59p.

USGS, 1999. Mineral Commodity Summaries.

10 Sangster et al.

Table 1. Mining Activity in 1998* – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast) (Keyed to Figure 1) No. Company/Individual Township (commodity) Mining activity (Mine Name)

1 3 M Canada Inc. (Havelock Belmont (Trap Rock) Roofing Granules and HL--1 aggregate used in Quarry) the production of premium asphalt mixes for On- tario highways, concrete, anti--skid treatment, bridge decks, railway ballast, asphalt shingles and rolled roofing; 368,600 tonnes sold in 1998

2 Allan Franks Construction Ltd. Madoc (Limestone) Limestone has been quarried and crushed since 1991 for use in road aggregate.

3 Aqua Rose Quarries Lyndoch (Gem Minerals) Quarrying operations for rose quartz, beryl, feldspar, lyndochite, amazonite, cleavlandite, peris- terite, columbite, fluorite. Two quarries are operational: the Beryl Pit which has a fee for mineral collectors and the Rose Quartz Quarry is for landscape stone where approximately 20 tons were sold in 1998.

4 Arriscraft Corporation (Elgin Bastard (Sandstone) Potsdam sandstone was quarried for the Quarry) manufacture of reconstituted sandstone. Raw material was shipped to Cambridge for processing. In 1998, a new application was found with blocks being quarried and cut into tiles for use in lining acid tanks.

5 Bacher Quarry McClintock (Stone) Pink granite gneiss is quarried for building stone, flagstone and landscaping stone.

6 Belmont Rose Granite Corp. Belmont (Dimension Stone) Rose pink granite blocks are quarried for dimen- (Belmont Rose Granite Quarry) sion stone and monuments. Rough blocks and decorative stone pieces for landscaping use; rip rap, armour stone, ashlar blocks, and decorative specialty stone and sand are also produced. The company reports 400 blocks – 10 to 25 metric tonnes were shipped from the quarry in 1998.

7 Canada Talc Ltd. (Henderson Huntingdon (Talc, Dolomite) In December 1998, it was announced that High- Mine) wood Resources Ltd. had purchased Canada Talc. The mine produces a variety of talc and dolomite products.

8 Central Ontario Natural Stone Laxton (Limestone) Grey, buff and black limestone is produced as (Batty Quarry) flagstone.

9 Central Ontario Natural Stone McClintock (Stone) Pink and grey granite gneiss is quarried for flag- (Oxtongue Lake Quarry) stone, building stone, landscaping stone. The company has 12 quarries including a newly li- censed site at Bobcaygeon.

10 Cornwall Gravel Company Ltd. Cornwall (Limestone) Rough blocks of black limestone for dimension (Cornwall Quarry) stone are produced on demand from the thick upper beds of this construction aggregate quarry.

11 Danford Construction (Spring- Huntingdon (Limestone) Limestone is quarried and crushed for road ag- brook Road Quarry) gregate (seasonal operation)

12 Essroc Canada Inc. (Picton Sophiasburg (Cement) This is a cement plant with an on--site limestone Quarry) quarry. Production for 1998 was 1.7 million tons. This is one of the largest cement plants in North America.

13 Not shown

14 Granimar Quarries Ltd. Rear of Leeds and Lansdowne “Rideau Red” granite is quarried for building and (Granite) monumental stone. 10,000cu feet were quarried in 1998

11 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

No. Company/Individual Township (commodity) Mining activity (Mine Name)

15 I.K.O. Industries Ltd. (I.K.O. Madoc (Trap Rock) Trap Rock is quarried for roofing granules and Quarry) HL--1 aggregate. An onsite mill and colouring plant have been in operation since 1998.

16 International Quartz Ltd. McClintock (Quartz) Decorative and crushed white quartz and terrazzo.

17 Jannock Ltd. (Canada Brick) Russell, Gloucester (Clay Clay brick is from red shale. The quarry is in (Russell Quarry) Products) Russell Twp. The plant is in Gloucester Twp.

18 The Kingston Red Granite Co. Rear of Leeds and Lands- Red granite is quarried for armour stone, land- Ltd. **(Seeley’s Bay Quarry #1 & downe (Granite) scaping, architectural and structural stone from Seeley’s Bay Quarry #2) both quarries.

19 LaFarge Canada Inc. (Bath Ernestown (Cement) This is a cement plant with an on--site limestone Quarry) quarry.Productionin1998was60000to 100 000 tons. Silica used in the production of cement is from their Potsdam sandstone quarry in Pittsburgh Twp. as well as from recycled foundry sands.

20 Nelson Windover Quarries (Wind- Harvey (Limestone) Grey limestone is quarried as flagstone. This is a over, Buckhorn Quarry) seasonal operation.

21 OMYA (Canada) Inc. (Tatlock Darling (Calcite) Plant located in Perth . Production is 250 000 Quarry) tons per year with reserves of over 5M tons. The quarry opened is 250 000 tons per year with reserves of over 5M in 1977 and employs approximately 40 people.tons. Opened in 1977 and employs 48 people. Calcitic marble is mined to produce hydrocarb and Snowhite Calcium powder, a high purity, fine--grind calcite for fillers plus terrazzo chips and landscaping stone as secondary products. In 1998, the third year of a five--year expansion program was completed

22 Payne, E.W. (Payne Quarry) Dummer (Limestone) Flagstone is produced seasonally from this quarry. In 1998, 1 800 metric tonnes were quarried.

23 Princess Sodalite Mine Dungannon (Gemstones) Rehabilitation of the site continues under new ownership. Limited samples were available for sale on site.

24 Queensborough Road Properties Elzevir (Trap Rock) Permitting to begin production under the Min- Ltd. 1085499 Ont. Inc. ing Act nearing completion (Queensborough Road Quarry)

25 Redstone Quarries Harvey (Limestone) Red and green marble as well as grey limestone is quarried for flagstone, landscaping stone and armour stone. They also have a landscaping division.

26 Rideauview Contractors Ltd. Storrington (Sandstone, Cream and red sandstone are produced as ashlar, (Sloan Quarry, Battersea Quarry) Granite) flagstone and landscaping stone at the Sloan Quarry. Red granite is quarried from the Battersea Quarry.

27 Rideauview Contractors Ltd. Storrington (Sandstone) Red sandstone is produced for ashlar, and (Rideauview Quarry) flagstone.

28 Rideauview Contractors Ltd. Camden (Limestone) Limestone is quarried and used for restoration (Pettworth & Renaud Quarries) work in Kingston.

29 Rideauview Contractors Ltd. Rear Leeds & Lansdowne Sandstone is produced for landscaping material (Sandstone) and limestone from Pettworth is processed here.

12 Sangster et al.

No. Company/Individual Township (commodity) Mining activity (Mine Name)

30 Senator Stone / Manitou Stone Hungerford (Marble – Arctic Blue, River Pink dimension stone blocks (Tweed Marble Quarry) dimension stone) are quarried and shipped to Italy for processing.

31 Stoklosar Marble Quarries Ltd.** Madoc (Marble) Red, pink, white, green, buff, black, blue , chocolate, red, light buff and light green marble are mined from 8 quarries in the Madoc area. Marble chips (terrazzo), exposed aggregate and landscape stone are produced at the mill.

32 Timminco Ltd. (Timminco Metals Ross (Magnesium, Strontium Magnesium is produced from high--purity Quarry) & Calcium metal) dolomite mined at this location. Calcium and strontium are produced from purchased limestone. Production rate is 1000 tons of dolomite weekly. The annual production is 6000 tons of magnesium metal and alloys; 400 tons of calcium metal and alloys and 135 tons of s trontium metal. The operation employs 240 people and there are reserves for 50 years at the current rates of production.

33 Tomclid Iron Mines South Canonto (Magnetite as Production began in late 1997. Magnetite is Heavy Aggregate) quarried and crushed on site for use as heavy aggregate in nuclear shielding.

34 TRT Aggregates Ltd. Ameliasburgh, Hilliard, Rough dimension stone blocks, armour stone, Tyendinaga, Thurlow & flagstone and crushed limestone are produced. Richmond (Limestone) The Crookston Quarry was recently sold to J.C. Rock Ltd. of Orillia and the Kingston quarry has also been bought by Woods Sand and Gravel.

35 Unimin Canada Ltd. (Blue Methuen (Nepheline Syenite) Nepheline syenite is mined from a quarry and Mountain Quarry) processed in two mills. Magnetite is produced as a bi--product. Production rate is 2500tons/day. The mine opened in1955 and employs 152 people.

36 Upper Canada Stone Co. Ltd. Mayo (Dolomitic Marble) White marble is quarried and sold as crushed (Mayo Quarry, Mephisto Lake Cashel (Calcitic Marble) marble, landscaping stone, decorative stone and Quarry) in precast architectural concrete and panels. There was no active shipping from the Mayo site in 1998. Material was stockpiled. Material was crushed onsite at the newly opened Mephisto Quarry, sorted and trucked to the Marmoraton site.

* At the time of writing, Feb/99, RGO staff were unable to confirm 1998 production at either Starett Resources in Palmerston Twp. or Victoria Graphite in Bastard Twp. ** Kingston Red Granite and Stoklosar Marble Quarries merged to form Speciality Aggregates Corp. in 1999.

13 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Table 2. Claims recorded and assessment work credit in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Yea r Claim Claim Claims Diamond Physical Geotechnical Total Units Units Units Drilling Work Work ($) Recorded Cancelled Active ($) ($) ($)

1998 273 N/A 1,588 N/A N/A N/A N/A

1997 201 249 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

1996 748 251 1,304 19,767 99,434 212,178 331,379

1995 301 346 807 44,185 31,554 86,368 162,107

1994 229 417 852 763,545 115,052 135,168 1,013,765

1993 153 277 1,040 -- 8,399 125,853 134,252

1992 309 311 1,164 116,654 72,720 82,436 271,810

Table 3. Assessment Files received in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

AEM...... Airborne electromagnetic survey Lc...... Linecutting AM...... Airborne magnetic survey Met...... Metallurgical testing ARA...... Airborne radiometric survey OD...... Overburden drilling Beep...... Beep Mat survey ODH...... Overburden drill hole(s) Bulk...... Bulk sampling OMIP...... Ontario Mineral Incentive Program DD...... Diamond drilling OPAP...... Ontario Prospectors Assistance Program DDH...... Diamond drill hole(s) PEM...... Pulse electromagnetic survey DGP...... Down--hole geophysics PGM...... Platinum group metals GC...... Geochemical survey Pr...... Prospecting GEM...... Ground electromagnetic survey RES...... Resistivity survey GL...... Geological Survey Samp...... Sampling (other than bulk) GM...... Ground magnetic survey Seismic...... Seismic survey GRA...... Ground radiometric survey SP...... Self--potential survey Grav...... Gravity survey Str...... Stripping HLEM...... Horizontal loop electromagnetic survey Tr...... Trenching HM...... Heavy mineral sampling UG...... Underground exploration/development IM...... Industrial mineral testing and marketing VLEM...... Vertical loop electromagnetic survey IP...... Induced polarization survey VLFEM.. Very low frequency electromagnetic survey

Township or Area Company Name Yea r Type of Work AFRO Number Resident Geologist Office File Designation

1. Anglesea (Au) Wartman, A.E. 97 Pr 2.18646 38

2.Ashby, Barrie, Stewart, R.V. 96 GL, Samp OPAP 12 (Ashby), 1 Stanhope, (Stanhope), 107 Lutterworth, (Barrie), 22 Snowden (BM, (Snowden), 29 Prec.M.) (Lutterworth)

3. Bagot (Au, BM) Mines et Expl. 97 IP 2.18249 11 Noranda Inc.

14 Sangster et al.

Township or Area Company Name Yea r Type of Work AFRO Number Resident Geologist Office File Designation 4. Bagot (Fe) Algoma Ore 51--57 DD, Samp 12 Properties Ltd.

5. Bagot (Fe) Algoma Ore 51 DD 13 Properties Ltd.

6. Barrie (Au) Hardie, D.A. 96 Str, Samp OPAP 108

7. Bedford (Graph) Graphite Mountain 97 Str, Tr, Samp 2.18479 37 Inc.

8. Bedford (Quartz) Kennedy, W.S. 97, 98 IM 2.18889 38

9. Blithfield (Fe) Algoma Ore 52 DD 23 Properties Ltd.

10. Cavendish (Zn) Teck Expl. Ltd. 97 DD, Samp, Lc 2.18356 108

11. Clarendon (Zn, Minnissabik Mineral 97 DD, Samp 2.18376 45 Au, Ag) Corp.

12. Darling (Au) Rampton, 96 Tr, DD OPAP 78 V.N./Thomas, R./Gleeson, C.

13. Dungannon Gallo, E. 96 DD, Pr OPAP 48 (Dim. St.)

14. Effingham Sharpmin 98 Str 2.18637 2 (Min. Spec.) Developments Inc.

15. Grimsthorpe Dillman, R. 96, 97 Tr, Samp 2.18357 64 (Au)

16. Grimsthorpe Laidlaw, 96, 98 Pr, Lc, GC, 2.18557 65 (Au) C.J./Beesley, T.J. Samp

17. Grimsthorpe et Dillman, R. 96 Tr, Samp OPAP 63 Grimsthorpe al

18. Lutterworth (Pb, Webster, B.R. 97 HLEM 2.17621 28 Zn, Fe)

19. Madoc (Au) Canadian Mono 97, 98 GM, Lc 2.18377 136 Mines Inc.

20. Marmora (Au) Ross, R.J. 96--97 Pr,Str,DD 2.17877 78

21. Marmora (Au) Ross, R.J. 96 DD OPAP 79

22. Marmora (Au) Chard, J.M. 96 Samp, GL, Lc, OPAP 81 GM, GEM

23. Marmora, MacLachlan, J.M. 96 Samp, GL, Lc, OPAP 80 (Marmora), 36 Abinger, Tudor, GM, GEM (Anglesea), 1 Anglesea (Au) (Abinger), 82 (Tudor)

24. Marmora, Deloro Minerals 97 DD, Samp 2.18338 82 (Marmora), 135 Madoc (Au) (Madoc)

15 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Township or Area Company Name Yea r Type of Work AFRO Number Resident Geologist Office File Designation 25. McClintock Orogrande 97 DD, Samp 2.18144 49 (Cu, Ni, Co) Resources

26. McClintock Orogrande 96 GL, Samp, Pr, 2.18428 50 (Cu, Ni, Co) Resources Lc, IP, Tr

27. Methuen (Dim. Kretschmar, U. 96 Str, GL, Samp OPAP 37 St.)

28. Monmouth Fouts, C. 97 Pr 2.17745 139 (Min. Spec.)

29. Monmouth Sharpmin 98 Tr 2.18426 141 (Min. Spec.) Developments Inc.

30. Monmouth Sharpmin Dev. Inc. 97 GRA 2.18011 140 (Min.Spec.,U, R.E.)

31. Olden (Woll.) Wollasco Minerals 98 Lc, GM, GEM, 2.18932 55 Inc. GL

32. South Canonto Thompson, L.G.D. 96 Str, GL, GM, OPAP 14 (Mag) DD, Samp

33. Torbolton (Fe) Algoma Steel 51, 65 DD, GM 1

34. Tudor (Au, BM) Tulonen, P./King, B. 96 Lc, IP, GC, Str, OPAP 81 Tr, GEM

16 Sangster et al.

Table 4. Exploration activity in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Abbreviations

No Company/Individual Township/Area Exploration Activity (Occurrence Name) (Commodity) or Property

1 1045839 Ontario Limited Cavendish Twp. (Granite) Lc, GL, GM

2 Duncan Ash Brougham Twp.(Feldspar) OPAP, PR, GL, GC, Samp, Assays

3 Bancroft Chamber of Commerce Monmouth Twp. (Min. Spec.) Tr, Str, Samp

4 Albert Banner (Ore Chimney) Barrie Twp. (Gold) GL, Samp, Assays

5 Will Brown Methuen Twp. (Dim Stone) Pr, Str, Samp

6 Peter Coltas Brougham Twp.(Feldspar) OPAP, PR, GL, GC, Samp, Assays

7 Al Connolly Darling Twp.(Marble) Pr, Samp

8 Deloro Minerals* (Dingman deposit) Madoc Twp. (Gold) Assays

9 RobertDillman TudorTwp.(Gold) OPAP,PR,GM,GL,Samp,Assays

10 Alan Dubblestein Dungannon Twp.(Talc) Pr, Samp, Assays

11 John Dupres Elzevir Twp.(Soapstone) Pr, Samp

12 Edenberry Aggregate Harvey Twp.(Limestone) Pr, Samp, Permit to bulk sample

13 Mike Glandfield (Payrock property) Barrie Twp (Gold) Pr, Samp, Assays

14 Graphite Mountain Bedford Twp. (Graphite) Str, Tr, Samp, IM

15 Grenville Gold Grimsthorpe Twp. (Au) Pr, Lc, GC, Samp

16 Will Kennedy (Desert Lake) Bedford Twp. (Silica, feldspar) Samp, GL,IM

17 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

No. Company/Individual Township/Area Exploration Activity (Occurrence Name) (Commodity) or Property

17 Brian King Tudor Twp.(Gold, Base Metals) OPAP, DD, Assays

18 Madoc Mining Madoc Twp. (Au) Lc, GM

19 Minnisibik Minerals Clarendon Twp. (Zinc) GL, GC, DD, Samp, Assays

20 Noranda Exploration Admaston Twp.(Zinc) GL,GC,DD

21 Orogrande McClintock Twp. (Nickel, Copper, DD, Assays, GL, Samp, IP Cobalt)

22 Parnell Contracting Ltd. Galway Twp.(Limestone) Lc, GL

23 Andrea Mary Rae Monmouth Twp.(Apatite) OPAP, Str, GL, Samp

24 Regis Resources Cavendish Twp.(Vermiculite) Pr, GL, GC, DD, Tr, Samp, IM

25 Robert Ross Marmora Twp. (Gold) Pr, Gl, Samp, Assays

26 Senator Stone Elzevir Twp. (Marble) Pr, Samp, IM

27 Senator Stone Leeds and Lansdowne Twp. (Granite) Pr, Samp, IM

28 Sharpmin Developments Inc. Effingham & Monmouth Twps. Str, Tr (Mineral specimens)

29 Sparton Resources (Long Lake Mine) Olden Twp. (Zinc) DD, Samp, Assays

30 Ralph Stewart Lyndoch & Griffith Twps. (Graphite) OPAP, Pr, Str, GL, GC, Samp, Assays

31 Strathcona Minerals (Henderson Mine) Madoc Twp. (Talc) DD, Samp, IM

32 Teck Corporation Cavendish Twp. (Zinc) DD

33 Paul Tulonen Tudor Twp.(Gold, Base Metals) OPAP, DD, Assays

34 Upper Canada Stone Mayo & Cashel Twps. (Marble) IM

35 Henry Veeley (Gold Base Occurrence) Kennebec (Gold) OPAP, Str, GL, Samp, Assays

36 Mitch Wilson Camden East (Soapstone) PR, Samp

37 Wollasco Minerals Inc. Olden Twp. (Wollastonite) Lc, GM, GEM, GL

38 Wessell & Sons Laxton Twp.(Limestone) Pr, Samp, Permit to Bulk sample *Formerly Rajong Resources

18 Sangster et al.

Table 5. Property Visits Completed in 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast). (Keyed to Figure 3)

Property Commodity

1. Belmont Rose Stone 2. Bicroft Mine Uranium 3. Bob Ross Property Gold 4. Burnt Lands Alvar Limestone 5. Coe Hill Iron Mine Hazard Inspection 6. Dingman Deposit Gold 7. Dyno Minesite Uranium 8. Fission Occurrence Fluorite, Uranium mineral specimens 9. Fluorichterite Showing Mineral specimens 10. Gold Base Occurrence Gold 11. Granimar Quarry Dimension Stone 12. Healey Falls Geology 13. Hollandia Lead Mine Hazard Inspection 14. James L. Forster Property Stone 15. John Dupres Prospect Soapstone 16. Long Lake Deposit Zinc 17. Lydia Diamond Mines Hazard Inspection 18. Madawaska Mine Uranium 19. Madoc Mining Property Gold 20. Marmora (Gitennes) Deposit Wollastonite 21. Marmoraton Mine (Past Producer) Iron 22. Mephisto Lake Quarry Calcium Carbonate 23. Mitch Wilson Property Soapstone 24. Mountain Lake Granite 25. Mt. Moriah Granite 26. OMYA Calcium Carbonate 27. Ore Chimney Prospect Gold 28. Payrock Occurrence Gold 29. Sevens Stop Fossils 30. Stoklosar Marble 31. Tomclid Iron Mine Magnetite 32. Tweed Marble Quarry Marble--Dimension Stone 33. Unimin Blue Mountain Mine Nepheline Syenite 34. White Lake Peatlands Marble 35. Will Brown Property Granite 36. Greyhawk Mine Uranium Property Visits Outside the District Adair Quarry Marble Bowmanville Quarry Limestone Ebel Quarry Limestone El Tigre Prospect Granite Owen Sound Ledgerock (3 quarries) Limestone/Marble Sifto Salt Salt

19 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Table 6. Statistics 1997--1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

1997 1998 Property Examinations Conducted by Staff 30 34 Field Trips Conducted -- 2 Field Trip Guide Books written -- 2 OPAP Recipients in Southeastern District 11 11 Lands for Life Functions Attended -- 13 Lands for Life MRAs completed -- 59 MMAH Presentations N/A 4 Clients visiting the Resident’s Office 424 501 Client telephone inquiries 1755 2172 Drill Core Library Users 19 16 Geological Reports sold 81 42 Geological/Claim Maps sold* 268 70 Prospector’s Licenses sold 29 21 Claim/Line tags sold 436 197

*Claim maps no longer available for sale at RGO in 1998

Table 7. Library Acquisitions 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

A Global Geology Harben, P.W. and Kuzvart, M. Industrial Minerals – 1996 Geology of the Precambrian Superior and Co--ordinated by Lucas, S.B. and St. Onge, GSC – 1998 Grenville Provinces and Precambrian Fos- M.R. sils in North America, Geology of Canada, No. 7

1997 Canadian Minerals Yearbook Edited by Godin, E. NRC – 1998

Numerous GSC reports, geological/geophysical journals and periodicals donated by Cominco Ltd.

Table 8. Mineral Deposits not Currently Being Mined 1998*– Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Deposit/Township MDI Status Commodity Reserves Reserve Number Reference Ore Chimney Prospect MDI31C14SE-- I Ag,Au ,Zn,Pb, 11,000 tons above 500ft level MDC 12 p132 Barrie Township 00142 (SO 1130) avg. 0.2oz Au, 5.64 oz Ag, 2%Zn, 1%Pb MDC 18 p33

Macassa Nickel MDI31C13SE-- I Ni ,Cu 2,000,000 tons @ 1%Ni, 0.25%Cu MDC 12 p138 Limerick Township 00099 (SO 0595)

Renfrew Zinc MDI31F07NE-- A Zn 16,000 tons @ 10.5%Zn MDC 12 p226 (Renprior) Admaston 00063 (SO 0286) to a depth of 30m MDC 20 p17 Township Breakwater Resources optioned to Noranda Mining and Exploration 1996

Harvey Simon Prospect MDI31F03NW-- I Cu, Fe, Zn 250,000tons1.1%Cu to350ft MDC 12 p226 Lyndoch Township 00044 (SO 0259) MDC 20 p45

Clyde Forks Deposit MDI31F02SE-- I Cu, Sb, Ag, Hg 60,000tons 0.67% Cu, 0.37%Sb, 0.03% MDC 20 p36 Lavant Township 00064 (SO 0351) Hg , 1.32oz/ton Ag

Twin Lakes Diorite MDI31C12NW-- I Ti 13.2 million tonnes of 21.7% TiO2, CIM Bulletin, Methuen Township 00114 (SO 3840) recoverable from open pit to –165 m, Vol. 83, No. with rock:ore ratio of 0.54 934, p99

20 Sangster et al.

Deposit/Township MDI Status Commodity Reserves Reserve Number Reference Grattan Deposit MDI31F06NE-- I Fe Proven – 3,639,600 tons to a vein depth MDC 20 p98 Grattan Township 00017 (SO 0270) of 363ft Indicated 9,099,000tons to a vertical depth of 600ft avg. 27.74% Fe

Radenhurst--Caldwell MDI31F02NE-- I Fe Main lens 2000 ft long x 31.3ft wide MDC 20 p104 Deposit 00012 (SO 0349) contains 6,500tons per slope foot at grade Lavant Township of 32.77%Fe; 3 additional zones totaling 1,600ft in length avg17%,16.7% and 25.5% respectively

Bessemer Deposit MDI31F04SE-- I Fe No.4 deposit 2,480,819tons @ 28.62% MDC 20 p110 Mayo Township 00012 (SO 0235) recoverable Fe

Childs Deposit MDI31F04SE-- I Fe 6,193,330tons @ 19.25% recoverable Fe MDC 20 p114 Mayo Township 00013 (SO 0236)

Calabogie Magnetite MDI31F07SE-- I Fe Reserves of 45 million tons. 25% Fe to MDC 11 p314 Property 00009 (SO 0353) 500 feet and 28% Fe to 1,000 feet. Algoma Ore Prop. Ltd. Bagot Township

Buckhorn Deposit MDI31F07NE-- I Mo Largest of numerous small lenses MDC 20 p132 Bagot Township 00069 (SO0362) contains 1,500 tons @ 1%MoS2

Bannockburn MDI31C12NE-- A Au 225,000 T grading 0.267 opT Au MP 161 (Madoc Mining 00195 (SO 7274) p377 Company Ltd.) Madoc Township

Cooper MDI31C11SW-- I Au, Talc 3 Mt @ 30--33% recoverable talc and OFR 5945 Spruce Ridge 00044 (SO 2679) 40,000 t @ 8 gpt Au P92 Resources Ltd OFR 5808 Elzevir Township P79

Dingman Deposit MDI31C12SE-- A Au 7 Mt @ 1.8 gpt Au OFR 5958 Deloro Minerals Ltd. 00040 (SO 3590) P1113 Marmora Township

Hawley MDI31C10NW-- A Wollastonite 2.5 Mt @ 32% wollastonite to a vertical OFR 5943 Ram Petroleum Limited 00117 (SO 4057) depth of 75 metres P 337 Olden Township

Marmora MDI31C12SE-- I Wollastonite 450,000 t (open pit) @ 47% wollastonite, OFR 5715 Gitennes Exploration 00096 (SO 3729) plus 680,000 t @ 39% wollastonite in a P50 Inc. separate zone Marmora Township

Trudeau MDI31C11SW-- A Calcite, 4 Mt high--purity dolomite. OFR 5958 C. Roger Young 00049 (SO 1192) Dolomite No estimate available for calcite zone. p. 11--11 Hungerford Township

Verona--Kirkham MDI31C10SE-- I Graphite 1.6 Mt grading 9.5% graphite in 2 MDC33p16 Stewart Lake Resources 00023 (SO 1244) separate zones. Inc. Bedford Township

Cal Graphite Corp. MDI31E11NE-- I Graphite Reserves of 60 Mt grading 3% graphitic MDC33p10 Butt Township 00004 (N0129) carbon

Globe Graphite Mine MDI31C16SE-- I Graphite 500,000 t of approximately 7% graphite MDC33p25 North Elmsley 00016 (SO 1604) below mined out portion, to the 300 ft Township level.

21 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Deposit/Township MDI Status Commodity Reserves Reserve Number Reference

Madawaska MDI31F04SW-- I Uranium Reserves of 1.023 Mt at .145% U3O8. MDC23p60 Faraday Mine 00037 (SO 0223) Faraday Township

St. Lawrence MDI31C08NW-- I Wollastonite 9--11 Mt @ 43% wollastonite; 4--5 Mt @ MNDM Pacific Coast Mines 00058 (SO 8487) 34% wollastonite www 1997 Inc. Pittsburgh Township

*(Table does not include nepheline syenite, trap rock, REE and dimension stone deposits.)

Table 9. Historic Production of Gold – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Mine Township Operating Tons Milled Ounces Produced Grade

Big Dipper Barrie 1907,--09 52 17 0.33

Cook Marmora 1901--01,--04 1483 289 0.26

Cordova Belmont 1892 120,670 22,774 0.19

Craig Tudor 1905--06 1,850 248 0.13

Deloro Marmora 1897--02 39,143 10,360 0.26

Gatling 5 Acre Marmora 1900--03 6,114 2,353 0.38

Gilmour Grimsthorpe 1909--10 550 172 0.31

Golden Fleece Kaladar 1919,--22 Unknown 480 Unknown

Ledyard Belmont 1893--94 55 13 0.24

Pearce Marmora 1893,--08 239 302 1.26

Sophia Madoc 1900,--41 1800 110 0.06

Sovereign Marmora 1878 Unknown 970 Unknown 1892--92,--00 1,962 370 0.19

Star of the East Barrie 1905,--07 976 134 0.14

Total 174,894 38,592

Table 10. Historic Production of Copper, Lead, Zinc – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Mine Township Operating Tons Milled Production Kingdon Fitzroy 1884--85 905,000 76,821,409 lbs. Pb conc. 1914--31 857,312 lbs. Zn conc. 60,074,072 lbs. Pb rec.

Long Lake Olden 1897--25 3,442 $41,550 ore value

1973--74 NA 9,467 tons Zn valued at $1,227,000

Eldorado Copper Madoc 1906 NA 234,000lbs copper matte containing 230oz Au, 182oz Ag, 109,000lbs Cu

Hollandia Lead Madoc 1903--06 NA 2,653,365 lbs. Pb

22 Sangster et al.

Table 11. Historic Production of Iron – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Mine Township Operating Tons Milled Grade (% Fe)

Calabogie Bagot 1883--1901 10,000 26

Martel Bagot Pre 1890 2,000 58.71

Williams (Black Bay) Bagot 1880--90 25,000 51.89

Black Lake Bedford 1882--1884 4,000 40

Glendower Bedford 1873--1895 50,000 50--60

Belmont (Ledyard) Belmont 1899--1900, 1911--1913 8,433 51.2

Blairton Belmont 1820--1875 300,000 51.8

Playfair (Dalhousie) Dalhousie 1866--71 11,100 57.6

Radnor Grattan 1901--1907 18,824 47.5

Eagle Lake (Blessington) Hinchinbrooke 1887--1891 700 65.55

Tomahawk (Mag--Iron) Lake 1947, 1950--57 2,096 50.9

Wilbur Lavant Pre 1900, 1907--8 146,892 56.69

Magnetawan Lount 1910--1912 6,000 59.55

Paxton Lutterworth Before 1910 1,000 NA

Miller Madoc 1899 6,823 NA

Wallbridge Madoc 1900--01, 1919, 1921 3,421 NA

Marmoraton Marmora 1952--1978 28,000,000 40

Bessemer Mayo 1902--13 99,613 42.18

Childs Mayo 1913 9,649 38.7

McNab McNab 1873--74 15,000 68

Robertsville & Mary Palmerston 1895, 1900--1, 1918--9 13,477 70.5

Fournier S. Sherbrooke 1873 600 60

Howland Snowdon 1880--2 1,500 58

Victoria Snowdon 1882 ? 58.35

Dog Lake Storrington 1899 600 51.12

St. Charles Tudor 1900--02 5,186 57--60

Coe Hill Wollaston 1884--1914 100,000 51.4

Total 28,841,914

23 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998

Table 12. Publications of Ontario Geological Survey Activities 1998 – Southern Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Geology of the Bancroft Area Lumbers, S.B. and Vertolli, V.M. Map P.3385, 1998

Report of Activities 1997, Resident Geolo- Sangster, P.J., Papertzian, V.C., Steele, OFR 5974, 1998 gist’s Report: Southeastern and Southwest- K.G., Laidlaw, D.A., Stewart, J.M. and ern Districts, Mines & Minerals Information Carter, T.R. Centre and Petroleum Resources Centre

24 Sangster et al. Mining Activity in 1998 - Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast). Figure 1.

25 SOUTHEAST DISTRICT—1998 Exploration Activity in 1998 - Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast). Figure 2.

26 Sangster et al. Property Visits and Claim Staking Activity in 1998 - Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist (Southeast). Figure 3.

Ontario Geological Survey Resident Geologist Program

Southwest Ontario Resident Geologist District—1998

K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

1999

SOUTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL RESIDENT GEOLOGIST (SOUTHWEST) -- 1998

K.G. Steele1 and J.M. Stewart2 1Southwest Ontario District Geologist, Ontario Geological Survey 2District Support Geologist, Ontario Geological Survey

Introduction

In 1998, mining and quarrying of sedimentary--hosted deposits in the Southwest Ontario District continued to provide a significant portion of Ontario’s mineral production. The location of the 4 mines, 35 quarries and 3 brine well fields that produce industrial minerals, non--aggregate stone and building stone in Southwest Ontario are shown in Figure 1. All mining, quarrying and brine well activities operated throughout the year. Many reported record years for production and a significant number increased capacity and/or production and purchased new equipment and/or technology. Employment at non--aggregate industrial mineral extraction and associated processing facilities in the Southwest Ontario District exceeded 3 500 employees. Expenditures for expansion, new equipment and technologies at industrial mineral operations exceeded $72 million. Development started or continued on three new quarries. Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd’s Millennium Quarry will position the company well in future high purity limestone markets. Canada Brick is developing the Aldershot West Quarry and a new state--of--the--art brick making plant that, when completed, will be the largest brick making facility in North America. Credit Valley Quarries Co. Ltd. is developing their Terra Cotta Quarry for sandstone production, scheduled to commence in the early part of 1999. Recommendations are presented for the exploration of high--purity dolomite and dimension/landscaping stone. Prospects for both are found in the Guelph Formation in the area that stretches north from Woodstock to the tip of the Bruce Peninsula. Mining Activity

All mineral production in the Southwest Ontario District is classified as industrial minerals. Ontario leads Canada in the production of structural materials and ranks third in the Canadian production of non--metallic minerals. Combining both commodity types, the total value of Ontario’s industrial mineral production in 1997 (the last year for which statistics are available) was $1.6 billion, or 29.2% of the total value of mineral production in the province. Ontario is Canada’s leading producer of nepheline syenite, salt, talc, clay/shale products, cement, lime, sand and gravel and stone, and a major producer of gypsum and silica. All of the province’s salt and gypsum production is from Southwest Ontario, as well as a large percentage of the province’s clay/shale products, cement, lime, sand and gravel and stone production. As mentioned above, the location of all active mineral extraction operations in Southwest Ontario are shown on Figure 1. The mines, quarries and brine well fields listed extract salt, gypsum, limestone, dolostone, shale, sandstone and gneiss for a variety of end uses including road salt, wallboard, lime, chemicals, cement, bricks, and building stone. Operations that produce construction aggregate are not shown. Production figures from the four underground mining operations in Southwest Ontario are listed in Table 1. ROCK SALT Sifto Canada Inc. – Goderich Mine At Goderich, Sifto Canada Inc. is mining and milling the A--2 Unit; the central 18.2 m portion of a 33.5 m thick bed of rock salt. The mined A--2 Unit is a relatively flat--lying, undisturbed salt bed of the

31 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

Salina Formation located 536 m below the ground surface. Purity is 97% salt and 3% gypsum, anhydrite and limestone.

The Goderich Mine is the largest and oldest operating underground salt mine in the Western Hemisphere, having produced salt continuously since 1867. The current mine and surface plant are located on fill in Goderich Harbour allowing transportation by ship, rail and truck. Mining of the rock salt bed is progressing south and west to the point where the active mining area is now 3.7 km southwest of the shaft under Lake Huron. There is more than 400 m of rock separating the lakebed and the mine workings, which cover an area of 3.4 by 3.2 km. The mine has been steadily increasing production over the past few years, from 3.2 Mt in 1993 to 6.0 Mt in 1998. About 90% of production occurs between April 1 and December 31 when vessels can load in the harbour. The majority of the Goderich production goes to road de--icing; the remainder is consumed by chemical plants. At the end of 1998, the mine employed more than 440 people.

In 1998, all production was via the bench mining method. In bench mining, the top 3.6 m of the production seam is removed using underground mining equipment, then the remaining 14.6 m is recovered using vertical drillholes and surface equipment working underground. The bench mining method is considered safer, more economical, leaves less waste rock, makes it easier to control roof stresses and allows for higher rates of production. Underground ventilation was significantly improved in 1998 by the installation of two new 1250 hp fans.

IMC Global Inc completed the purchase of the Goderich Mine from the Harris Chemical Group in 1998. A $9.0 million expansion of production capacity was completed in 1998 that has boosted the mine’s annual production from 5.5 to 6.5 Mt.

The Canadian Salt Company – Ojibway Mine

Rock salt is mined at the Ojibway Mine, located along the Detroit River in the southwestern corner of the City of Windsor. The mine extracts salt from the 7.5 m thick Middle F Unit of the Salina Formation located approximately 295 m below the ground surface. The production unit is relatively flat--lying, uniform, well bedded and has frequent pockets of clear, white, recrystallized, secondary salt with dolomite concentrated at its base. The mining thickness is 6.0--6.5 m from the centre of the unit, leaving salt both in the roof and floor for ground control. A room and pillar mining method is used, with parallel drifts connected by 12.2 m wide crosscuts. The mine operated at its production capacity rate of 10 300 t/d throughout 1998, with no significant operational changes. 99% of the mined material is sold as end product rock salt that is used primarily for the de--icing of roads. Other uses include water softening, feed salt and use in the chloralkali industry.

SALT IN BRINE

Three brine well fields operated within the Southwest Ontario District during 1998.

General Chemical Canada Limited extracted 850 000 tons of salt from their Anderdon Brine Field located north of Amherstburg for use in the production of soda ash and calcium chloride. The company has recently made a significant investment in well upgrades and new technology.

Sifto Canada Inc. operates the Goderich Brine Field and Evaporator Plant within the town limits of Goderich. The operation, which started prior to the turn of the century, extracts brine from the B Unit of the Salina Formation.

In 1998, the Goderich Plant operated at their full production capacity of 120 000 t/yr.

The Canadian Salt Company operates the Windsor Brine Field north of their Ojibway Mine, within the City of Windsor. The facility, which opened in 1928, currently operates at a production rate of 180 000 t/yr.

32 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

GYPSUM

CGC Inc – Hagersville Mine

CGC Inc., Canadian Gypsum Division, operates the Hagersville Plant near Hagersville, Ontario. The operation consists of an underground mine, mill and wallboard production facility. Gypsum from Unit E of the Salina Formation is mined via a decline at a depth of 25 to 35 m below the ground surface using a room and pillar mining method. Within the rooms, 83% of the gypsum bed is recovered. The total thickness of the mined unit is approximately 1 to 1.5 m. The gypsum is generally massive with few impurities and some zones grade greater than 90% gypsum. Locally, the gypsum may be nodular or have a chicken--wire, mosaic texture. During 1998, the working faces were approximately 4 km southeast of the mine decline entrance and plant.

Georgia Pacific Canada Inc. – Caledonia No. 3 Mine

Georgia Pacific operates an integrated mine, mill and wallboard plant complex at Caledonia, 20 km southwest of Hamilton. At the Caledonia No. 3 Mine, gypsum is extracted from Unit B Anhydrite of the Salina Formation. In the mine area this unit is 20 to 25 m below the ground surface, varies in thickness from 2.5 to 5 m, and is approximately 75% pure. The mine uses a continuous mining method, using two Paurat mining machines. Georgia Pacific is in the process of purchasing a third continuous mining unit at a cost of US$1.9 million. This added machine will increase mine production from its current 400 000 t/yr capacity to 450 000 t/yr. In 1998, the mine operated at full capacity.

CEMENT

There are currently five cement plants operating in southwest Ontario that are owned and operated by four separate companies. Three plants have limestone quarries on site. One operation, St. Lawrence Cement, imports limestone from southeast Ontario. The fifth cement plant, Federal White Cement Ltd.’s operations near Woodstock, purchase limestone from local quarries.

Blue Circle Cement – Bowmanville and St. Marys Quarries

Blue Circle Cement operates the Bowmanville Quarry and Plant and the St. Marys Quarry and Plant. Blue Circle purchased both operations from the St. Marys Cement Co. in 1997.

The Bowmanville Quarry and Plant were originally developed in 1968. The plant, expanded in 1974 and again in 1990--92, is located between Highway 401, Lake Ontario and the Darlington Nuclear Generating Plant immediately southwest of Bowmanville. Currently, 3 Mt/yr of rock are removed from the quarry. The 80m deep quarry exposes over 50 m of Lindsay Formation limestone and shale beneath 10 m of glacial drift. The Lindsay Formation is excavated for cement production in four lifts. The lower 3 lifts expose 46 m of the lower member of the Lindsay Formation, which consists of interbedded, bioclastic calcarenite, microcrystalline limestone and grey--green calcareous shale. The uppermost lift exposes 5 m of the Collingwood Member of the Lindsay Formation. This unit consists of black, very fossiliferous, bituminous, shaly limestone and calcareous black shale.

In 1998, production of cement was 2.6 Mt. The current dry process plant built in 1992 produces 3 main products: type 10 Portland general--purpose cement; type 30 quick--setting high--strength cement; and “dense” cement for the nuclear power industry. Most of the production (>80%) is exported to USA markets via the plant’s port facility on Lake Ontario. Due to strong USA markets, the quarry and plant have a continuing expansion program.

33 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

At St. Marys, Ontario, the current quarry and plant were developed in the late 1960s near the southern outskirts of the town. The quarry exposes up to 12 m of glacial drift, underlain by 18 m of Middle Devonian limestone and dolomitic limestone of the Dundee and Lucas Formations. In 1998, cement production was more than 800 000 t.

Lafarge Canada Inc. – Woodstock Quarry

Lafarge Canada Inc. owns the Woodstock Quarry and Woodstock Cement Plant. Lafarge Construction Materials operates the quarry. Both the quarry and plant are located approximately 23 km west of the Town of Woodstock. The quarry exposes a 50+ m section of the Middle Devonian Detroit River Group. The lower part of the quarry is represented by cherty, banded, fossiliferous limestone of the Amherstburg Formation. Bioclastic and microcrystalline limestone of the Lucas Formation overlies this unit. In 1998, 580 000 t of rock were extracted from the quarry.

In 1998, the Woodstock Cement Plant underwent a major upgrade and expansion. The $15 million technology project involved streamlining and automating manufacturing operations, upgrading the plant’s infrastructure and improving the customer service facilities. The project boosted production capacity to 500 000 t/yr and reduced cement manufacturing costs by 20%. The plant has road and rail access and the quarry has extensive limestone reserves, both of which played a role in the company’s decision to invest in the long--term viability of the facility. Also in 1998, one new product was manufactured. The plant now produces high--strength, low--porosity, silica fume cement. This product was used in the construction of the Confederation Bridge linking New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.

St. Lawrence Cement – Mississauga Quarry

St. Lawrence Cement Inc. operates the Mississauga Cement Plant along the Lake Ontario shoreline in Mississauga, Ontario. A small quarry adjacent to the plant produces small quantities of shale for use in the cement manufacturing process. The cement plant has a production capacity of 1.9 Mt/yr. In 1998, the company undertook a $12.4 million upgrade of the facility. The plant imports limestone by ship from the company’s Ogden Point Quarry located near the shore of Lake Ontario at Colborne in southeast Ontario.

CLAY/SHALE PRODUCTS

During 1998 in southwest Ontario, four companies quarried shale for clay/shale products and five companies manufactured bricks and tiles. However, only the two large operators, Canada Brick and Brampton Brick, have both quarrying and manufacturing facilities in the region. Two small quarries operated by Amos C. Martin Ltd. in Esquesing Township and George Coultis & Son Ltd. near Thedford, Ontario, supplied shale to Hamilton Brick Ltd., Norwich Brick and Tile, and Paisley Brick and Tile Co.

Canada Brick – Aldershot, Burlington, Milton and Streetsville Quarries

Canada Brick, a division of Jannock Limited, currently operates five shale quarries and four brick plants in Ontario. Four of the quarries and three plants are located in southwest Ontario.

The four active quarries in southwest Ontario are located in a small triangular area between Burlington, Milton and Mississauga. All extract Queenston Formation shale using bulldozers. Total production from the four quarries in 1998 was 1.06 Mt. The company’s Streetsville Quarry in Mississauga was expanded in 1998 to extend its life for another seven years at full production.

In 1998, two brick plants in Burlington and one is Mississauga produced 315 million units.

34 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

Brampton Brick – Cheltenham Quarry

Brampton Brick operates the Cheltenham Quarry and a modern brick making plant in northwest Brampton. Queenston Formation shale is extracted at the Cheltenham Quarry and transported by truck 10 km to the manufacturing plant. Company literature indicates that 330 000 t of shale is extracted annually to produce 120 million brick units.

CHEMICAL, METALLURGICAL & FILLER LIMESTONE AND DOLOSTONE PRODUCTS

Five quarries in southwest Ontario extract limestone or dolostone for use in chemical, metallurgical and filler products. Some of the quarries also sell material for aglime and all sell material for aggregate, landscaping and engineering uses.

Other companies supplying aglime include Walker Brothers Quarries Ltd., Ridgemount Quarries Ltd., Vineland Quarries and Crushed Stone Ltd., Georgian Aggregates & Construction Inc., and Cayuga Materials & Construction Co. Ltd.

Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd. – Ingersoll Quarry

Global Stone (Ingersoll) Ltd. manufactures limestone aggregate and high calcium quicklime from its quarry and lime works situated on the north edge of the Town of Ingersoll. The deposit consists of high--purity calcium, bioclastic, microcrystalline limestone composed of typically 97.5--98.5% calcium carbonate used in the manufacture of quicklime and for aggregate. The high--purity calcium unit is overlain by a siliceous limestone cap rock that is used for armour stone. All rock exposed in the 35 m deep quarry is part of the Anderdon Member of the Middle Devonian Lucas Formation. In 1998, 1.2 Mt of high--calcium limestone was extracted from the quarry and 235 000 t of quicklime was produced. The quarry has been in active production for more than 60 years and has sufficient reserves on adjacent property to ensure continuing operation for approximately 300 years at current production rates.

The Ingersoll lime plant comprises a rotary kiln and three vertical shaft kilns with a combined capacity of over 700 t/day of quicklime. The quicklime and other processed lime products are utilized for a wide range of industrial, environmental and construction applications including fluxing agent for steel and metals refining, water purification, neutralizing agent for mine drainage, pulp and paper mill effluent and aglime.

The most significant change in operations during 1998 was in ownership. In May, Global Stone became a business unit of Oglebay Norton Company. In 1998, work continued on a $7 million, two--year project to modify the shaft kilns. The project, to be completed in 1999, will improve product quality, quantity through--putt, and cost operating efficiencies. Also during the year, the administration functions were moved off--site and buildings that housed sales, technical services and supervisory staff were relocated to provide access to additional resources.

BeachviLime Ltd. – Beachville West Quarry

In 1998, BeachviLime Limited operated the Beachville West Quarry located southwest of Woodstock, Ontario. The adjacent East Quarry remained dormant. The West Quarry exposes a 25 m thick section of the Anderdon Member of the Middle Devonian Lucas Formation. The strata in the quarry consist of bioclastic limestone, interbedded with microcrystalline limestone, and calcarenite. Overburden averages 24 m in the vicinity of the quarry. The high--purity limestone extracted has a grade of 97.5% calcium carbonate.

35 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

The company operates two lime processing facilities at Beachville, referred to as the East and West Plants. Combined production from the plants was 450 000 t of lime in 1998. The East Plant underwent a $12 million technology upgrade in 1998. Products produced include quicklime, hydrate, and pulverized limestone.

Guelph DoLime Ltd. – Guelph DoLime Quarry

Guelph DoLime Ltd., a subsidiary of BeachviLime Ltd., operated the Guelph DoLime Quarry and Plant in 1998. The quarry and processing facility is located on the Speed River southwest of downtown Guelph. The quarry exposes 20 m of Middle Silurian Guelph Formation. The lower 4 m is thin--bedded, coarse crystalline, dark--brown, bituminous dolostone of the Eramosa Member of the Guelph Formation that is extracted for aggregate. Overlying this unit is a 5.5 m thick unit of transitional Eramosa Member--Guelph Formation dolostone. The upper 10.5 m of the quarry section is a pure, white to buff in colour, fine to medium crystalline, massive, thin--bedded dolostone of the Guelph Formation. The transitional unit and overlying dolostone are extracted for the production of dolomitic lime. In 1998, 285 000 t of stone were extracted from the quarry. Overburden in the vicinity of the quarry is 8--12 m thick.

The on--site processing facility was active until November 1998. At that time, it was mothballed and now all dolomite is trucked to the two lime plants of BeachviLime Ltd. for processing.

E. C. King Contracting – Sydenham Quarry

E. C. King Contracting, a division of Miller Paving Ltd., operates the Sydenham Quarry 6.5 km east of Owen Sound. The quarry exposes 15 m light blue--grey, medium to thick bedded, fine to medium crystalline dolostone of the Wiarton/Colpoy Bay Member of the Middle Silurian Amabel Formation. Stone from the quarry is trucked to the company’s off--site dolomite plant for processing. The plant produces glass--grade dolomitic limestone and aglime. The dolomitic limestone is sold to PPG’s glass manufacturing facility in Owen Sound.

Lafarge Canada Inc. – Dundas Quarry

Lafarge Canada Inc. owns and Lafarge Construction Materials operates the Dundas dolostone quarry near Hamilton, a major producer of aggregate and supplier of material to an on--site processing facility of Lafarge Lime. Until late 1997, the quarry and lime plant were owned and operated by Redland Quarries Inc. The quarry, as listed by Aggregates and Roadbuilding magazine in July--August, 1998, rates as the second largest quarry in Canada, extracting 3.9 Mt of rock annually.

The quarry exposes 20 m of the Guelph Formation. The upper 7 m is brown--grey, very fine crystalline, medium bedded dolostone. The lower 13 m is brown, very fine crystalline, thin to thick bedded, dolostone of the Eramosa Member of the Guelph Formation. The Eramosa Member has zones with abundant shaly partings, laminations and bituminous banding.

Approximately 10% of the total quarry output is sent to the Lafarge Lime processing plant. As a result of corporate moves in late 1998, the operation of Lafarge Lime is a joint venture with Carmeuse Lime Inc. and Dravo Corp. The Dundas Lime Plant has three rotary kilns with a production capacity of 400 000 t/yr. In 1998, the Dundas Plant produced 310 000 t of dolomitic lime. Dimension/Building Stone

Dolostone/limestone quarries, many of which are in the Wiarton area, dominate dimension and building stone extraction in southwest Ontario. Additionally, there are three sandstone quarries in the

36 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

Georgetown area and one gneiss quarry near Orillia that produce dimension and building stone. The demand for stone is closely tied to residential construction projects and home renovations in southern Ontario. As the southern Ontario housing market is currently strong, in 1998 many stone producers operated at or above capacity. Numerous producers indicated they could not meet market demand. Increasing amounts of southwest Ontario stone is being shipped to the USA, particularly to bordering Great Lakes states and cities.

DOLOSTONE/LIMESTONE/MARBLE

In southwest Ontario, 15 active quarries extract either dolostone or limestone for use as architectural, dimension, building, flag, masonry, landscape and polished stone. Some products are marketed under the “marble” label.

The Eramosa Member of the Guelph Formation is quarried by seven companies at eleven quarries in the general Wiarton area on the Bruce Peninsula. One of the companies, Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd., is highlighted below. The Eramosa Member is a thin bedded, grey to dark grey and brown to dark brown, fine crystalline, bituminous dolostone, interbedded with thin bedded, non--bituminous dolostone. It’s been interpreted to be an inter--biohermal facies associated with Guelph (or possibly Amabel) Formation bioherms. All eleven quarries produce coursing or ashlar or ledgerock, sills, flagging, and landscape stone, while some produce “value--added” building and ornamental products such as polished tiles, mantels and tabletops.

In mid 1998, Ashcroft & Associates purchased the former McCartney Quarry located southeast of Wiarton. The quarry, which exposes Eramosa Member dolostone, was brought back into production in September and with the acquisition of two new rock saws, it’s scheduled to produce both random landscape stone and sawn blocks in early 1999.

In 1998, Georgian Bay Marble and Stone re--opened the Cook Quarry situated directly across the road from the company’s Wiarton Quarry. With the two Eramosa Member dolostone quarries in operation, Georgian Bay Marble and Stone reported a 50% increase in production and sales in 1998.

Arriscraft International Inc. quarries the Wiarton/Colpoy Bay Member of the Amabel Formation at Hope Bay, just north of Wiarton. At their Adair Marble Quarry, Arriscraft extracts a blue--grey to sepia dolostone for dimension stone. The stone is used for both horizontal and vertical building and landscaping elements, such as wall claddings, caps, columns, pavers and retaining walls. Polished varieties are used for marble flooring, interior wall cladding, tables and counter tops. This stone was used to face the Canadian Chancery in Washington, D.C. In 1998, a large amount of product went to a new building at Middlebury College in Vermont. In addition, the quarry began selling rough blocks for processing by other companies.

Two limestone quarries operated by Speiran Quarries Ltd. and Fowler Construction Company Ltd. in Ramara Township in the Orillia area produced flag, building and landscaping stone. At the Flamboro Quarries Ltd. operation near Dundas, Guelph Formation dolostone, including the Eramosa Member, is extracted for landscape stone.

Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd. – Wiarton, Owen Sound, and Senesun Quarries

Owen Sound Ledgerock (OSL) extracts Eramosa Member dolostone from two quarries near Wiarton and a quarry northwest of Owen Sound. In 1998, 51 000 t of stone were extracted which represents a 15% increase in production over 1997. OSL operates a processing facility at its Wiarton Quarry and a modern, computerized fabrication and custom--cutting plant at the Owen Sound Quarry. Quarry and fabrication operations employ 80 people year--round and an additional 50 employees during peak quarrying periods.

37 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

OSL celebrated its 40th year of operation in 1998. It also marked a year of major expansion, acquisitions and achievements for the company. Approximately 500 m2 of manufacturing floor space was added to the fabrication plant. New equipment installed included a crane and gantry, Jaguar saw, rotary saw, wire saw, router table and milling centre. The milling centre is a technologically advanced machine that can cut or carve a multitude of shapes and tool paths in many directions while rapidly changing its own drill bits. Additional new machinery is on order for 1999. Approximately 500 m2 of plant floor was also added to the Wiarton processing facility. New equipment added to the Wiarton operations included a Jaguar saw, swing arm polisher, hydraulic splitting machine and table saws. In 1998 a new product, the “Eramosa limestone sandblasted” has been well received. Stone World magazine, the stone industry trade magazine for North America, presented Harold Stobbe, founder and President of OSL, with the 1998 Technological Achievement Award at the StonExpo 98/Marble Institute of America convention in New Orleans.

SANDSTONE

Three small quarries, operated by Hilltop Stone and Supply Inc., Rice and McHarg Ltd. and Deforest Brothers Quarry Ltd., extract Whirlpool Formation sandstone in the Georgetown – Inglewood area. In total, approximately 5000 t of material was quarried in 1998. The Whirlpool Formation is a massive to thin bedded, pale grey, buff or red, fine grained sandstone. Red and green mottled zones also occur. The two quarries southwest of Georgetown produce grey and buff sandstone products, while the Deforest Brothers Quarry near Inglewood produces red and brown sandstone varieties. All quarries produce ashlar, flagstone, steps and copings for building and landscaping uses.

GNEISS

At the Fleming Quarry of Rama Stone Quarries Ltd. near Orillia, gneiss was extracted for building and landscaping stone products.

Aggregate

CRUSHED STONE

Crushed stone aggregate is a major mineral commodity produced in southwest Ontario. In July--August 1998, Aggregates & Roadbuilding magazine published their annual listing of Canada’s top 10 stone quarries, five of which are in Ontario with four being situated in southwest Ontario.

The largest quarries in southwest Ontario, with their national rankings and 1997 production figures are as follows:

Quarry Name & Operator National Ranking 1997 Production Milton Quarry, Dufferin Aggregates 1 5.5 Mt Dundas Quarry, Lafarge Canada 2 3.9 Mt Acton Quarry, Blue Circle Aggregates 5 3.0 Mt Nelson Quarry, Nelson Aggregate 9 1.7 Mt

The major crushed stone source areas are along the Niagara Escarpment, particularly in the Milton area; east of Lake Simcoe; in the Port Colborne area; and southwest of Woodstock. Most of the crushed aggregate is trucked to local major urban centres, however there are exceptions. For example, Port Colborne Quarries Ltd. extracted 710 000 t of material in 1998, all of which was exported to the USA by Great Lakes shipping.

38 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

SAND & GRAVEL

Sand and gravel aggregate is a major mineral commodity produced in southwest Ontario. In September--October 1998, Aggregates & Roadbuilding magazine published their annual listing of Canada’s top 10 sand & gravel plants, five of which are in Ontario and located in southwest Ontario. The largest sand & gravel plants in southwest Ontario, with their national rankings and 1997 production figures are as follows:

Plant Name & Operator National Ranking 1997 Production Mosport Plant, TRT Aggregates 2 1.92 Mt Mosport Plant, Dufferin Aggregates 6 1.26 Mt Stouffville Plant, Lafarge Canada 7 1.24 Mt Caledon Plant, Caledon Sand & Gravel 9 1.15 Mt Sunderland Plant, Blue Circle Aggregates 10 0.96 Mt TRT Aggregate’s Mosport Pit and Plant, from its location 80 km northeast of Toronto along the crest of the Oak Ridges Moraine, produces mainly washed concrete and asphalt aggregates for construction markets in the greater Toronto area. The 400 ha property was opened in 1971 and contains sufficient reserves for the next 100 years at current levels of production. Normally between 9000 and 14 000 t are shipped across the company’s scale each day; however in late 1998, some 20 000 t/d were being trucked from the site. Dufferin Aggregate’s Mosport Pit and Plant is located immediately across the road from the TRT operations. Production from this plant has increased significantly from 0.8 Mt in 1996. The 48.5 ha site consists of proven reserves to a depth of 45 m. The major sand and gravel source areas include along the Oak Ridges Moraine; within Caledon and Puslinch townships; and between Cambridge and Brantford. Most of the material is trucked to local major urban centres. Advanced Exploration and Development

Three industrial mineral development projects are highlighted. The first is an update of a project previously reported on in the 1997 Resident Geologist Program Annual Report of Activities (Steele and Stewart, 1998). GLOBAL STONE INGERSOLL LTD. – MILLENNIUM QUARRY

In the fall of 1997 Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd. began excavating a new high--calcium limestone quarry, referred to as the Millennium Quarry, adjacent to their currently operating Ingersoll Quarry. The new development is separated from the Ingersoll Quarry and Plant by a railway line. From October 1997 to October 1998, approximately 1.8 Mt of overburden material measuring up to 30 m in thickness was removed to expose a surface area of 100 by 225 m of Lucas Formation limestone. Drilling and blasting of the cap rock and the development of haulage ramps will begin in early 1999. In early 1999, Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd. received permission from CN Railways to construct a tunnel to connect the new and existing quarries. The tunnel, to be completed in 1999, will be approximately 120 m long and 25--30 m below the existing railway line. The approximate 28 000 t of limestone to be removed during tunnel construction will be processed through the lime plant. All production from the new Millennium Quarry will be moved through the tunnel, beginning in early 2000 (R.L. Bowman, personal communication, August 1998 and January 1999). CANADA BRICK – ALDERSHOT WEST QUARRY AND PLANT

In 1998, development began on the Aldershot West Quarry and Brick Plant. The site is located immediately north of Highway 403 in The City of Burlington. Canada Brick currently extracts Queenston

39 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

Formation shale from the Aldershot Centre Quarry to feed their Burlington Plant. A limited amount of shale removed in development of the West Quarry was used in brick production this year. Canada Brick reports that the Aldershot area has the highest quality shale for brick making along the Niagara Escarpment.

Site preparation was underway by late 1998 for the construction of a new “state--of--the--art” brick manufacturing facility. The plant, to be completed by April 2000, will be the largest brick producing plant in North America, with an annual production capacity of 150 million units. The multimillion--dollar project is being engineered to protect the environment (R. Martin, personal communication, January 1999).

CREDIT VALLEY QUARRIES CO. LTD. – TERRA COTTA QUARRY

Credit Valley Quarries Co. Ltd. reopened the Terra Cotta Quarry in 1998. In preparation for the 1999 season, a large section of the quarry was stripped, old roads were cleared and new ones constructed, and an on--site office was established. Due to public concern regarding the location of the quarry on the Niagara Escarpment, additional consideration was given to screening the quarry’s visual impact and operational sounds from neighbours and in protecting the natural habitat surrounding the Bruce Trail that runs though the property.

The quarry is a past producer of Whirlpool Formation sandstone. Potential production faces exposed and tested indicate that a variety of materials will be quarried in varying shades of buff, mottled and red Whirlpool sandstone to produce a variety of stone products. Products will be marketed under the “Credit Valley Stone” label (L. Nichols, personal communication, January 1999). Exploration Activity

As all exploration activity in southwest Ontario occurs on private land, there is no requirement for companies or individuals exploring for mineral deposits to contact or notify the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and/or the District Geologist. Through informal discussions however, the District Geologist is kept apprised of exploration or property acquisition interests for such commodities as dolostone/marble, salt, aggregate, sandstone, high--purity silica, high--calcium limestone, zinc, oil/gas, and clay/shale. Due to the competitive and market--driven nature of the industrial minerals industry, the identities of companies and individuals exploring in southwest Ontario and the locations of their properties can not be identified. Resident Geologist Program Staff and Activities

The District Geologist and District Support Geologist for southwest Ontario operate from the Mines and Minerals Information Centre (MMIC) in Toronto. All files, mineral deposit records and reference materials for southwest Ontario are available for viewing at MMIC. For London--based clients, the Petroleum Resources Laboratory has a limited library of OGS publications.

In February 1998, the District Geologist attended the Aggregate Producers of Ontario annual convention in Toronto.

The District Geologist and District Support Geologist constructed and staffed the “Southern Ontario: Mineral Resources for the Next Millennium” exhibit at the Prospectors and Developers of Canada Annual International Convention in Toronto during March. In April, the District Support Geologist presented this display at the Northeast Mines and Minerals Symposium in Kirkland Lake.

In June, the District Geologist and the District Support Geologist attended a three--day field trip which brought together geologists from the Ministry of Natural Resources, The Royal Ontario Museum, the

40 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

Geological Survey of Canada and the Ontario Geological Survey to discuss geology and mineral deposits along the Niagara Escarpment from Guelph to Tobermory. Items discussed on the trip included structural geology, stratigaphy, sedimentology, mineral deposits, quarry/building stone industry, aggregate sources and fossils. During the trip, an introduction by the District Geologist resulted in Georgian Bay Marble and Stone donating a high--quality Eurypterid specimen to the Royal Ontario Museum.

In September, the District Geologist organized the first day of a two--field trip designed for MNDM’s District Support Geologists. Tours were organized at Blue Circle Cement’s Bowmanville Quarry and Cement Plant and TRT Aggregates’ Mosport Pit and Plant. As part of the same field trip, the District Geologist and District Support Geologist visited industrial mineral operations located in southeast Ontario that produce a variety of commodities, including cement, sand & gravel, marble, granite, and nepheline syenite.

In early October, the District Geologist attended and provided background information for a field trip led by OGS Geoscientist Derek Armstrong for geoscientists exploring for oil and gas in southwest Ontario. The field trip focused on Ordovician and Silurian strata in central and southwestern Ontario, with emphasis on understanding the local stratigraphy and the different terminology used by surface and subsurface geologists, and in evaluating the reservoir potential of specific units.

The District Geologist attended Focus on Industrial Minerals 1998 in Vancouver from October 20 to 24th where three industrial minerals meetings were held back to back. The meetings included: the Tenth Annual Canadian Conference on Markets for Industrial Minerals (October 20--21); Industrial Minerals in Canada, (October 22--23); and the 9th Biennial Federal--Provincial Meeting on Industrial Minerals, (October 24). The District Geologist co--authored a paper entitled “Ontario’s Industrial Minerals Industry: An Overview” that was presented at the Industrial Minerals in Canada meeting (Gerow, Sangster and Steele, 1998). In advance of the Industrial Minerals in Canada meeting, the District Geologist contacted all major industrial mineral producers in Southwest Ontario and advised them of the opportunity to submit a paper to the conference and the associated volume. The Canadian Conference on Markets for Industrial Minerals included reviews of markets and trends for a number of commodities, including wollastonite, mica, lime, soda ash and silica sand. A copy of the conference volume is available for viewing at MMIC.

In late October, the District Geologist attended parts of the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting held in Toronto, and participated in a two--day GSA field trip entitled “Silurian--Early Devonian Sequence Stratigraphy, Cycles and Paleoenvironments of the Niagara Peninsula area of Ontario, Canada”. The District Support Geologist attended a GSA field trip entitled “Classic Quaternary Sites of Toronto”. Field trip guides are available for viewing at MMIC.

The District Geologist was an invited speaker at Ryerson Polytechnical University, Civil Engineering Department for a presentation on “The Geology of Ontario and Geoscience Information Sources”.

The District Geologist was an active participant in the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada Education Committee and it’s Mining Matters teachers kit program. The District Geologist and District Support Geologist were active participants in The Ontario Mining Association’s “Ontario Mining Week” by providing displays on “Geology and Mines of Ontario, The Mineral Resources of Southern Ontario, and Geology of Toronto”.

During 1998, the District Geologist was involved in a variety of land use planning initiatives. At the provincial scale, the District Geologist attended a number of Lands for Life meetings and open houses held in Toronto to acquire background information. This information was used by other MNDM staff in preparing the Ministry’s input into the Lands for Life process. Advice was also given to the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing staff on the types and sources of geological and mineral resource information applicable for municipal land use planning purposes. At a district scale, the District Geologist provided review and input into Official Plans or planning issues for the following planning boards/municipalities: Huron County, Simcoe County and the Township of Brantford. The Maitland River Conservation Authority sought expertise in interpreting surficial geology mapping in a large area north of London. The District Geologist and District Support Geologist assisted in providing a common legend for

41 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998 seventeen OGS maps in the area. The District Geologist provided information for development proposals adjacent to former mining sites near Paris and Caledonia.

Property Examinations

The focus in 1998 was to make introductory contact with and/or visit as many of the approximately 40 non--aggregate mineral producers in southwest Ontario. Preliminary contact was made with almost all producers and site visits were made to fifteen producing mines and quarries. Visits were made to seven additional properties, including quarries under development, aggregates quarries and pits, and a potential building stone quarry site. Property visits conducted by the Southwest Ontario District Geologist and District Support Geologist are illustrated on Figure 2 and listed in Table 2. Site visits provided information on commodities, mineral deposits, local and regional geology, extraction techniques, processing, markets, production statistics and issues.

In 1998, the District Geologist and District Support Geologist had comprehensive geology tours at three of the four operating underground mines in southwest Ontario: CGC Inc’s Hagersville Mine, The Canadian Salt Company’s Ojibway Mine and Sifto Canada Inc’s Goderich Mine. Brief visits were also made to three new quarries under development; Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd’s Millennium Quarry, Credit Valley Quarries Co. Ltd.’s Terra Cotta Quarry and Canada Brick’s Aldershot West Quarry.

Quarry and property visits are all part of an on--going program function to document known mineral deposits and occurrences, and identify areas of high mineral potential.

Recommendations for Exploration

The following two recommendations for exploration in southwest Ontario are for specific intervals within the Guelph Formation for two very different end uses. The second recommendation re--emphasises a recommendations made in last year’s Report of Activities due to the potential for other uses of high--purity dolostone outside of the iron and steel industry.

ERAMOSA MEMBER DOLOSTONE OF THE GUELPH FORMATION

The Eramosa Member of the Guelph Formation is a thin--bedded dolostone unit that has been quarried on the Bruce Peninsula since the early 1900’s for a variety of building and landscaping stone products. Currently, seven companies extract Eramosa from eleven quarries near Wiarton. Many of these quarries have operated for decades and now have limited reserves. Today, some quarries can not produce enough stone to meet the strong demand from the luxury home construction industry in southern Ontario. The market for Eramosa in other markets, particularly the Great Lakes region of the United States is growing. In order to maintain future supply, new exploration and testing for suitable units of Eramosa is recommended.

In the late 1980’s, the OGS completed a mapping project on the stratigraphy and resource potential of the Eramosa Member on the Bruce Peninsula (Armstrong and Meadows, 1988). The report presents a description of the lithology of the Eramosa Member, a discussion of the stratigraphic relationships both within the Member and with respect to its bounding formations, and comments on its regional distribution and its potential as a building stone resource. As a follow--up project, the OGS conducted detailed mapping of the Paleozoic Geology of the Bruce Peninsula (Armstrong and Dubord, 1993; Armstrong, 1993a; Armstrong, 1993b). An American Association of Petroleum Geologist guidebook provides an excellent additional reference to the geology and stratigraphy of carbonate rocks on the Bruce Peninsula (Armstrong and Goodman, 1990). These references should be considered as primary reference materials in the exploration for Eramosa Member dolostone.

42 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

GUELPH FORMATION DOLOSTONE

The Guelph Formation is well known as a resource for the production of high--purity dolomite and calcined products for use in the iron and steel industry. Additional potential uses of high--purity dolomite include the production of magnesium metal, chemicals, plastics, rubber and refractories. The bank reef complex and inter--reef depositional environments within the Guelph Formation form good targets for hosting very high--purity dolomite deposits. Analyses of Guelph Formation drill core indicate intervals of extremely pure, nearly 100% dolomite (21.8% MgO). Areas for potentially hosting such high quality dolostone deposits include the northern Bruce Peninsula, the Beachville--Ingersoll area, and the Owen Sound to Woodstock area. Dolomite prospects are listed in Table 5 (Feenstra and Smith 1997; Feenstra and Wilson 1996; Feenstra, Wilson and Tanglis 1995).

OGS Activities and Research by Others

Table 3 lists new OGS and Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) publications on southwest Ontario released in 1998.

The OGS did not conduct any field projects within the Southwest Ontario District in 1998. However, office preparation continued on producing maps from previous fieldwork. In 1996 and 1997, P.J. Barnett conducted surficial geology mapping of the Newmarket and Beaverton Map Areas (Barnett, 1996; Barnett, 1997). The Beaverton Map was released in 1998 (see Table 3), while the Newmarket Map will be released in 1999.

As part of a NATMAP Program, the GSC initiated an Oak Ridges Moraine hydrogeology study in 1993 in response to water and environmental management issues identified by the Ontario Government. The study is being performed in collaboration with the OGS and a number of other provincial, municipal, university and local groups. Over a period of five years, this study is examining the geologic framework and the hydrologic role of the Oak Ridges Moraine. The primary objective is to understand the moraine’s interior structure in sufficient detail to identify the geologic elements that control groundwater recharge, flow and discharge. The research team has developed a conceptual geological model for the Oak Ridges Moraine.

In 1998, two maps (see Table 3) and two summary reports (Russell et al., 1998a; Russell et al., 1998b) were published by the GSC from the Oak Ridges Moraine hydrogeology study. As a result of the study, a new map of the surficial geology of the Greater Toronto Area and the Oak Ridges Moraine is available. This map, extending from the Niagara Escarpment east to the termination of the Oak Ridges Moraine near Trenton, has some significant new interpretations in the Toronto area.

A.P. Hamblin of the GSC continues a study of the Paleozoic rocks of southern Ontario, three summary of literature reports were published in 1998 (see Table 3).

D. Tetreault is continuing Ph.D. research at the University of Western Ontario on Silurian arthropods: palaeoecology, including an unusual phyllocarid/echinoid fauna from the Silurian Eramosa Formation of southern Ontario.

43 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

References

Armstrong, D.K. 1993a. Paleozoic Geology of the Central Bruce Peninsula; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5856, 19p.

Armstrong, D.K. 1993b. Paleozoic geology of Southern Bruce Peninsula, Southern Ontario; OntariO Geological Survey, Open File report 5875, 19p.

Armstrong, D.K. and Dubord, M.P. 1992. Paleozoic Geology, Northern Bruce Peninsula, Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Map 198, scale 1:50 000.

Armstrong, D.K. and Goodman, W.R. 1990. Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Niagaran Carbonates, Bruce Peninsula, Ontario; Field trip No. 4 Guidebook, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Eastern Section 1990 Annual Meeting hosted by Ontario Petroleum Institute, London, Ontario, 59p.

Armstrong, D.K. and Meadows, J.R. 1988. Stratigraphy and Resource Potential of the Eramosa Member, Bruce Peninsula, Ontario; Ontario geological Survey, Open File report 5662, 90p., and 1 map in back pocket.

Barnett, P.J., 1996. Field Investigations in the Newmarket and Beaverton Map Areas, Durham and York Regional Municipalities, Ontario; in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 1996, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 166, pp.78--80.

Barnett, P.J., 1997. Geology of the Beaverton Map Area, Durham and York Regional Municipalities and Victoria County Municipality, Ontario; in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 1997, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 168, pp.110--112.

Feenstra, B.H. and Smith, Patrica 1997. Southwestern Resident Geologist’s District; in Report of Activities 1996, Resident Geologists, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5958, p. 13--1 – 13--9.

Feenstra, B. H. and Wilson, A. C. 1996. Southwestern Resident Geologist’s District; in Report of Activities 1995, Resident Geologists, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5943, p. 377--385.

Feenstra, B. H., Wilson, A. C. and Tanglis, C. 1995. Southwestern Resident Geologist’s District; in Report of Activities 1994, Resident Geologists, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5921, p. 303--311.

Gerow, M., Sangster, P., and Steele, K. 1998. Ontario’s Industrial Mineral Industry: An Overview; in Industrial Minerals in Canada --Abstracts, Vancouver, October 1998, sponsored by Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, and British Columbia Geological Survey, p. 79--82.

Russell, H.A.J., Brennand, T.A., Logan, C., and Sharpe, D.R. 1998a. Standardization and Assessment of Geological Descriptions from Water Well Records, Greater Toronto and Oak Ridges Moraine Areas, Southern Ontario; in Current research 1998--E, Geological Survey of Canada, p.89--102.

Russell, H.A.J., Sharpe, D.R., and Arnott, W.R.C. 1998b. Sedimentology of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Humber River Watershed, Southern Ontario: A preliminary Report; in Current Research 1998--C, Geological Survey of Canada, P. 155--166.

Steele, K.G. and Stewart, J.M. 1998. Southern Regional Resident Geologist, Southwest Ontario District – 1997; in Report of Activities, 1997 Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 5974.

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48 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

49 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

Table 1. Mine Production and Reserves in the Southwest Ontario District.

Mine Production in 1997 Production in 1998 Reserves at end of 1998 Tonnage Tonnage @Grade @Grade Tonnage Grade

Caledonia No. 3 400 000 t 400 000 t >40 000 000 t 70--75% Mine @ 75--80% @ 70--75% gypsum/t gypsum/t gypsum/t

Hagersville Mine 675 000 t 680 000 t >13 000 000 t 85% @ 85% @85% gypsum/t gypsum/t gypsum/t

Goderich Mine 5 900 000 t 6 000 000 t 350 000 000 t 97% @ 97% @97% NaCl/t NaCl/t NaCl/t

Ojibway Mine 2 690 000 t* 2 500 000 t 95 000 000 t 97% @ 97% @97% NaCl/t NaCl/t NaCl/t

* Production July 1, 1996--June 30, 1997 t = tonne

50 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

Table 2. Property Visits Conducted by the Southwest Ontario District Geologist and District Support Geologist in 1998.

Number Property/Occurrence

1 Guelph Quarry, Guelph DoLime Ltd.

2 Ebel Quarry, Ebel Quarries Ltd.

3 Cook Quarry, Georgian Bay Marble and Stone

4 Wiarton Quarry, Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd.

5 Owen Sound Quarry, Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd.

6 Adair Marble Quarry, Arriscraft International Inc.

7 Hagersville Mine, CGC Inc.

8 Hilltop Quarry, Hilltop Stone & Supply Inc.

9 Terra Cotta Quarry (under development), Credit Valley Quarries Co. Ltd.

10 Rice &McHarg Quarry, Rice & McHarg Ltd.

11 Goderich Mine, Sifto Canada Inc.

12 Millennium Quarry (under development), Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd.

13 Ingersoll Quarry, Global Stone Ingersoll Ltd.

14 Bowmanville Quarry, Blue Circle Cement

15 Ojibway Mine, The Canadian Salt Company

16 McGregor Quarry, General Chemical Canada Ltd.

17 Anderdon Brine Field, General Chemical Canada Ltd.

18 Cheltenham Quarry, Brampton Brick

19 Aldershot West Quarry (under development), Canada Brick

20 Potential building stone quarry – Wiarton, Neil & Irene Campbell

21 Millar Lake Quarry, H.C.S. Aggregates Ltd.

22 Mosport Pit, TRT Aggregates

51 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

Table 3. New Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) and Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) Publications on Southwest Ontario Released in 1998.

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Summary of Field Work and Other Activities Ayer, J.A., Baker, C.L., Laderoute, D.G. OGS Miscellaneous Paper 168, 1998 1997 and Thurston, P.C.

Quaternary Geology, Long Point--Port Burwell Barnett, P.J. OGS Report 298, 143p., 1998 Area

Quaternary Geology, Port Burwell Area, Barnett, P.J. OGS Map 2601, scale 1:50 000, 1998 Southern Ontario

Quaternary Geology, Beaverton Area Barnett, P.J. and Mate, D.J. OGS Map 2560, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Long Point Area, Barnett, P.J. and Zilans, A. OGS Map 2600, scale 1:50 000, 1998 Southern Ontario

Bedrock Topography of the Greater Toronto & Brennand, T.A., Moore, A., Logan, C., GSC Open File 3419, scale 1:200 000, 1998 Oak Ridges Moraine Areas, Southern Ontario Kenny, F., Russell, H.A.J., Sharpe, D.R., and Barnett, P.J.

Devonian Sandstones of Southwestern Hamblin, A.P. GSC Open File 3655, 1998 Ontario: Summary of Literature

The Middle Ordovician Shadow Lake Hamblin, A.P. GSC Open File 3662, 1998 Formation of Southwestern Ontario: Summary of Literature

Upper Cambrian Strata of Southwestern Hamblin, A.P. GSC Open File 3663, 1998 Ontario: Summary of Literature

Quaternary Geology, Chatham and Wheatley Kelly, R.I. OGS Map 2557, scale 1:50 000, 1998 Areas, Southern Ontario

Aggregate Resources Inventory of Dufferin OGS and MacNaughton et al. OGS Aggregate Resources Inventory Paper County, Townships of Melancthon, Mulmur, 163, 66p., 1998 East Luther, Amaranth, Mono and East Garafraxa

Aggregate Resources Inventory of the OGS and Planning and Engineering OGS Aggregate Resources Inventory Paper Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Townships Initiatives Limited 161, 64p., 1998 of North Dumfries, Wellesley, Wilmot and Woolwich and the Cities of Cambridge, Kitchener and Waterloo

Sediment Thickness of the Greater Toronto & Russell, H.A.J., Moore, A., Logan, C., GSC Open File 2892, scale 1:200 000, 1998 Oak Ridges Moraine Areas, Southern Ontario Kenny, F., Brennand, T.A., Sharpe, D.R. and Barnett, P.J.

52 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

Table 4. Selected Publications Received in 1998 by Southwest Ontario District Geology Office (Mines and Minerals Information Centre) of Particular Reference to Southwest Ontario

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Aggregate Resources, A Global Perspective Bobrowsky, P.T. (ed.) A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 470p., 1998

Toronto Rocks, The Geological Legacy of the Eyles, N. and Clinton, L. University of Toronto (Scarborough Campus), Toronto Region Toronto, 40p., 1998

Urban Geology of Canadian Cities Karrow, P.F. and White, O.L. (eds.) Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 42, St. John, Newfoundland, 500p., 1998

Lime and Limestone, Chemistry and Oates, J.A.H. Wiley--VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 455p., Technology, Production and Uses 1998

Carbonate Depositional Environments Scholle, P.A., Bebout, D.G. and Moore, The American Association of Petroleum C.H. (eds.) Geologists, Memoir 33, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 708p., 1983

Sandstone Depositional Environments Scholle, P.A. and Spearing, D. (eds.) The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 31, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 410p., 1982

53 SOUTHWEST DISTRICT—1998

Table 5. Mineral Deposits Not Being Mined in the Southwest Ontario District in 1998.

Abbreviations

AF...... Assessment Files MLS...... Mining Lands, Sudbury CMH...... Canadian Mines Handbook MR...... Mining Recorder GR...... Geological Report NM...... The Northern Miner MDC...... Mineral Deposit Circular OFR...... Open File Report MDIR...... Mineral Deposit Inventory record PC...... Personal Communication

Deposit Name/ Commodity Tonnage--Grade Ownership Reserve Status NTS Estimates and/or References References Dimensions Amherstburg Quarry Silica 20m thick over 66 ha Amherst Quarries OFR 5861, p. 32 Inactive Silica Prospect (20--26x106 tonnes @ (1969) Ltd. IMR 9, p. 29, 31

(40J/03SE) 94% SiO2)

Big Creek 1 Silica 19.5m thick @ 25m N/A IMR 9, p. 29 Inactive (40J/03SE) (10x106 tonnes of sandstone)

Big Creek 1 Silica 14.6m thick @ 34.4m N/A IMR 9, p. 29 Inactive (40J/03SE) (10x106 tonnes of sandstone)

Dow--Moore Salt 21m thick @ 698m N/A PRW Dow--Moore Inactive 2/20/12 73m thick @ 582m 2--20--XII (40J/16NW) 114m thick @ 410m

Eastnor--Lindsay Dolomite 60x106 tonnes dolomite N/A PRW OGS Lindsay Inactive Prospect @ <0.10% impurities 7--III W

(41H/03SW) (SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3)

Imperial Oil No. Salt 32.2m thick @ 612.6m N/A PRW Sombra Inactive 560, Sombra 84.1m thick @ 490.7m 2--12--H 2--12--H, Gormlay 46.9m thick @ 388.6m No. 1 (40J/090NW)

Imperial Oil No. Salt 29.6m thick @ 680m N/A PRW Imperial Oil Inactive 597, Logierait No. 87.8m thick @ 544m No. 597B 1--Y--R, R.C. Fleck No. 2B (40J/16NW)

Lindsay Prospect Dolomite >35x106 tonnes dolomite N/A PRW OGS Lindsay Inactive (41H/03SW) @<0.10% impurities 31--VIII W

(SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3)

Patton Farm Silica 5.4m thick @ 10.1m N/A IMR 9, p. 29 Inactive (40J/03SE)

54 K.G. Steele and J.M. Stewart

Deposit Name/NTS Commodity Tonnage--Grade Ownership Reserve Status Estimates and/or References References Dimensions Sunburst GB #7 Salt 88.7m thick @ 363.6m N/A PRW Sunburst Inactive McGillivray 41--NB 5.8m thick @ 339.5m GB #7 (40P/04NE)

Tobermory 60x106 tonnes dolomite N/A PRW OGS Inactive Prospect Dolomite @<0.10 impurities St. Edmunds

(41H/04NE) (SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3) 47--III W

Union Gas-- 25.6m thick @ 610.8m N/A PRW Union Gas-- Inactive Enniskillen No. 29, D.V.L.A. No. 1 Salt 78.6m thick @ 485.5m Enniskillen No. 29 (40J/16SW)

Union Gas--Moore Salt 26.2m thick @ 577.3m N/A PRW Union Gas-- Inactive No. 12 P&I 70.7m thick @ 456.6m Moore No. 12--P&I Williams No. 1 Williams No. 1 (40J/16SW)

Union –Moore Salt 36m thick @ 580m N/A PRW Union Moore Inactive No. 22 32m thick @ 437m No. 22 (40J/16SW)

Ontario Geological Survey Resident Geologist Program

Toronto – Mines and Minerals Information Centre—1998

W.J. McGuinty and C.R. Lee

1999

TORONTO - MINES AND MINERALS INFORMATION CENTRE - 1998

W. J. McGuinty1,C.R.Lee2 1Industry Liaison Geologist, Ontario Geological Survey 2Regional Support Geologist, Ontario Geological Survey

Introduction

The Mines and Minerals Information Centre (MMIC) is an information and sales outlet for the mining and mineral exploration and earth science communities and the general public. MMIC offers a variety of information and research assets as well as expertise in Ontario’s geology, rocks and minerals, mineral industries and related issues. MMIC staff also provide assistance and referral for clients who require information concerning the Ontario Mining Act.

MMIC is staffed by members of the Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey (OGS). Program staff respond to general public and minerals industry client inquiries, provide client assistance in the use of the digital geoscience database Earth Resources and Land Information System (ERLIS) and provide geoscience library services. Staff also provide support services to the Provincial Recording Office, Mining Lands Section at head office operations in Sudbury.

MMIC Services

ERLIS/GEOSCIENCE DATABASES The Earth Resources and Land Information System (ERLIS) is an electronic archival database of Ontario’s geoscience information. ERLIS provides MMIC mineral industry clients with access to the following datasets:

-- mineral exploration reports filed for assessment work credit by mineral industry workers as part of their obligations under the Mining Act. These assessment reports include such information as geology maps, geophysical survey results, drill hole logs and locations, and geochemical and assay data; -- mineral deposit records for more than 18,000 mineral occurrences and their localities; -- lithological, lithogeochemical and tectonic assemblage data and information for Ontario as compiled by the Ontario Geological Survey and other agencies. ERLIS offers data search, compilation and integration capabilities through 3 workstations located at MMIC. The system can be used for data searches and compilations at no charge. Printed or downloaded products are available at a nominal fee.

PUBLICATION SALES The MMIC serves as a local, walk--in sales outlet for publications produced by the Mines and Minerals Division (MMD), Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. MMIC maintains a retail stock of over 10,000 different publications, including:

-- geological, geophysical, geochemical and aggregate resource maps and reports, -- minerals industry statistics and annual activity reports

59 TORONTO (MMIC) —1998

-- mineral policy papers -- industrial mineral and mineral deposit circulars -- geology guidebooks and posters Requests for publications via telephone and mail or electronic purchase orders are referred to the Publication Sales Centre in Sudbury. Newly released MMD publications, including Open File Reports are generally available in limited quantities at MMIC following the date of their Publication Release Notice.

LIBRARY SERVICES The MMIC library offers a selection of reference and topical information on earth science and the minerals industry. Numerous directories, science and industry periodicals and journals are available to clients. Table 1 lists the journals and periodical publications that were added to the MMIC library during 1998. Table 2 lists current subscriptions to geoscience and mining related newsletters.

The MMIC library also maintains and updates the complete collection of OGS publications, dating from 1891, and most publications of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), dating from 1863, that relate to Ontario or to geoscience in general. Table 3 lists the OGS publications received during 1998. Table 4 lists GSC publications received during the year.

Texts and other reference materials are acquired for the library by MMIC staff. Table 5 summarises the reference materials acquired in 1998.

Digital reference databases are available at MMIC for the MMIC library and the MNDM library in Sudbury. Inter--library loans between the MMIC and Sudbury geoscience libraries are available to clients upon request. The MMIC library also maintains a commercial geoscience referencing system called GeoRef.

The MMIC library seeks and welcomes donations of information and new materials from individuals and exploration and mining companies. MMIC redistributes these materials within the offices of the Provincial Resident Geologist Program to facilitate and increase their utility. In 1998, MMIC received a donation of several hundred geological reports, reference materials and property exploration reports within Ontario, Quebec and abroad from the family of H. J. Bergmann, president of Prospecting Geophysics Limited.

MMIC Staff and Activities

During 1998, the MMIC was staffed and supported by five Resident Geologist Program staff: Ken Steele, Southwestern Ontario District Geologist and Jennifer Stewart, District Support Geologist provide specific assistance and expertise regarding the geology, resources and minerals industry of southern Ontario; Charley Lee, Regional Support Geologist, provides lead support for the delivery of ERLIS services and library functions; Inquiry Clerk Jennifer John maintains publication inventories and provides primary reception/front counter client services; and Bill McGuinty, Industry Liaison Geologist, serves as a conduit between industry clients and the MMD in Sudbury and provides general geological advice and assistance to clients. Through the Summer Experience Program, two students, Christian Amizola and Kathy Plachta, assisted MMIC staff in all facets of program delivery.

MMIC staff responded to approximately 9,900 client inquiries during 1998, the majority of which concerned general prospecting and mineral exploration activities in Ontario, mining and the environment, land use planning issues and requests for earth science educational information. Clients ranged from elementary school students and the general public to mineral industry clients, engineering and consulting firm representatives and other government agencies. MMIC staff recorded the following client interaction statistics during the year:

60 W.J. McGuinty and C.R. Lee

Walk--in Telephone Total Clients Inquiries General Information and Publication Sales 3117 4409 7526 ERLIS 488 107 595 Library 1643 129 1772 Total 5248 4645 9893 MMIC staff prepared and presented exhibit displays in support to Ontario Mining Week, April 28th to May 2,nd and the University of Toronto’s Open House on October 3rd, 1998. The displays highlighted Ontario’s mineral heritage and provided information concerning minerals and their use in modern society. MMIC staff also made presentations to two visiting delegations from the People’s Republic of China. The presentations focused on the groups’ interest in the digital delivery of geoscience information through ERLIS and the administration of Ontario’s Mining Act.

MMIC staff participated locally in land use planning initiatives led by the Ministries of Natural Resources (MNR) and Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH). Mineral resource data compiled by the Regional Support Geologist and recorded client concerns relating the MNR’s Lands for Life process were integrated into the Ministry’s ongoing participation in this initiative. Staff provided information seminars to MMAH and municipal planners on mineral resource--related considerations required in the development of municipal Official Plans and Official Plan Amendments. Staff also identified areas of minerals--related planning interests for several municipalities to assist them in their Official Plan preparations.

Table 1. Geoscience Journals and Peridoicals Incorporated into the MMIC Library during 1998.

Title

Canadian Aggregates and Roadbuilding Contractor Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Canadian Mining Journal Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin Economic Geology – Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists Engineering and Mining Journal Exploration and Mining Geology – Journal of the Geological Society of CIM Géographie Physique et Quaternaire Geoscience Canada Geotimes – News and Trends in Geoscience Industrial Minerals Journal of Geochemical Exploration – Journal of the Association of Exploration Geochemists Mineralogical Association of Canada – The Canadian Mineralogist Mining Journal Mining Magazine Mining Review – Prospecting, Exploration and Mine Development Mining Voice – The Magazine of the National Mining Association North American Minerals News – Covering Industrial Minerals Markets of USA, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean North American Mining Northern Miner – North America’s Mining Newspaper Northern Ontario Business The Ontario Prospector

61 TORONTO (MMIC) —1998

Table 2. Geoscience and Mining Related Newsletters received by the MMIC Library in 1998.

Title

Association of Geoscientists of Ontario Update CANQUA Newsletter – Canadian Quaternary Association Explore – Newsletter for the Association of Exploration Geochemists GEOLOG – News Magazine of the Geological Association of Canada George Cross News Letter Kaiser Bottom Fishing Report Mineralogical Association of Canada Newsletter Mining Matters & Mining in Ontario – Ontario Mining Association PDAC in Brief – Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada Activities and Canadian Exploration News The Explorationist – Newsletter of the Ontario Prospectors Association The Gangue – GAC Mineral Deposits Division The Week in Geology News and Happenings – University of Toronto Department of Geology What on Earth – University of Waterloo Department of Earth Sciences

Table 3. Selected Ontario Geological Survey Publications Received by MMIC Library in 1998.

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Summary of Field Work and Other Ayer, J.A., Baker, C.L., Laderoute, Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Activities 1997 D.G. and Thurston, P.C. (eds.) Paper 168, 149p., 1998

Precambrian Geology, Yelling Lake Area Stone, D. and Halle, J. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3374, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, Ney Lake Area Stone, D. and Halle, J. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3375, scale 1:50 000, 1998 Precambrian Geology, Pierce Lake Area Stone, D., Halle, J. and Lange, M. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3376, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, O’Sullivan Lake Parker, J.R. and Stott, G.M. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Area (West Half), Northeastern Map P.3377, scale 1:20 000, 1998 Onaman--Tashota Greenstone Belt, Eastern Wabigoon Subprovince

Precambrian Geology, O’Sullivan Lake Parker, J.R. and Stott, G.M. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Area (East Half), Northeastern Map P.3378, scale 1:20 000, 1998 Onaman--Tashota Greenstone Belt, Eastern Wabigoon Subprovince

Geological Compilation of the Timmins Ayer, J.A. and Trowell, N.F. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Area, Abitibi Greenstone Belt Map P.3379*, scale 1:100 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Long Point--Port Barnett, P.J. Ontario Geological Survey, Report 298, Burwell Area 143p., 1998. Accompanied by Maps 2600 and 2601

Kimberlite, Base Metal and Gold Morris, T.F., Crabtree, D.C. and Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Exploration Targets Based upon Heavy Averill, S.A. Report 5967†, 41p., 1998 Mineral Data Derived from Surface Materials, Kapuskasing Area, Northeastern Ontario

62 W.J. McGuinty and C.R. Lee

Table 3. Selected Ontario Geological Survey Publications Received by MMIC Library in 1998 (continued).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Hemlo--Heron Bay--White Lake High Dyer, R.D. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Density Lake Sediment and Water Report 5968†, 148p., 1998 Survey, Northwest Ontario

Quaternary Geology, Rollo Lake Area Bernier, M.A. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2488, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Rush Lake Area Bernier, M.A. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2502, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Chatham--Wheatley Kelly, R.I. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2557, scale Areas, Southwestern Ontario 1:50 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Long Point Area, Barnett, P.J. and Zilans, A. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2600, scale Southern Ontario 1:50 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Port Burwell Area, Barnett, P.J. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2601, scale Southern Ontario 1:50 000, 1998

Report of Activities 1997, Resident Blackburn, C.E., Hinz, P., Storey, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologists Program, Red Lake Regional C.C., Kosloski, L. and Ravnaas, C.B. Report 5969, 68p., 1998 Resident Geologist’s Report: Red Lake--Kenora Districts

Report of Activities 1997, Resident Mason,J.K.,Seim,G.,White,G.D. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologists Program, Thunder Bay North and Bath, C. Report 5970, 56p., 1998 Regional Resident Geologist’s Report: Thunder Bay North--Sioux Lookout Districts

Report of Activities 1997, Resident Schneiders, B.R., Scott, J.F. and Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologists Program, Thunder Bay South Smyke, M.C. Report 5971, 56p., 1998 Regional Resident Geologist’s Report: Thunder Bay South Districts Report of Activities 1997, Resident Atkinson, B.T., Hailstone, M.H., Wilson, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologist Program, Timmins Regional A.C.,Draper,D.M.,Hope,P.,Morra, Report 5972, 82p., 1998 Resident Geologist’s Report: P.M. and Egerland, D.C. Timmins--Sault Ste. Marie Districts

Report of Activities 1997, Resident Meyer, G., Cosec, M., Grabowski, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologists Program, Kirkland Lake G.P.B., Guindon, D.L., Buckley, S. and Report 5973, 72p., 1998 Regional Resident Geologist’s Report: Messier, C.L. Kirkland Lake--Sudbury Districts

Report of Activities 1997, Resident Sangster, P.J., Papertzian, V.C., Steele, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Geologists Program, Southern Ontario K.G., Laidlaw, D.A., Stewart, J.M. and Report 5974, 59p., 1998 Regional Resident Geologist’s Report: Carter, T.R. Southeastern and Southwestern Districts, Mines and Minerals Information Centre, and Petroleum Resources Centre

63 TORONTO (MMIC) —1998

Table 3. Selected Ontario Geological Survey Publications Received by MMIC Library in 1998 (continued).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Ontario Mining and Exploration Compiled by staff of Information Directory, MNDM, 44p., 1998 Directory 1998 Services Section

Ontario Mineral and Exploration Compiled by staff of Information Ontario Mineral and Exploration Statistics / Statistiques de l’Ontario sur Services Section Statistics 1997, Ontario Ministry of les mineraux et l’exploration Northern Development and Mines, 88p., 1998

Geology of Nickel--Copper--Chromite Parker, J.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Deposits at Werner--Rex--Bug Lakes, Report 5975, 178p., 1998. Accompanied English River Subprovince, by Maps P.3313--Revised, Northwestern Ontario P.3314--Revised, P.3315--Revised, P.3316--Revised, P.3317--Revised and P.3380

Detailed Precambrian Geology, Parker, J.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Alteration and Mineralization of the Map P.3313--Revised, scale 1:4800, 1998 Almo Lake Area, Western English River Subprovince

Detailed Precambrian Geology, Parker, J.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Alteration and Mineralization of the Map P.3314--Revised, scale 1:4800, 1998 Gordon Lake Area, Western English River Subprovince

Detailed Precambrian Geology, Parker, J.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Alteration and Mineralization of the Map P.3315--Revised, scale 1:4800, 1998 Werner Lake Area, Western English River Subprovince

Detailed Precambrian Geology, Parker, J.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Alteration and Mineralization of the Map P.3316--Revised, scale 1:4800, 1998 Upper Fortune Lake Area, Western English River Subprovince

Detailed Precambrian Geology, Parker, J.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Alteration and Mineralization of the Rex Map P.3317--Revised, scale 1:4800, 1998 Lake Area, Western English River Subprovince

Detailed Precambrian Geology, Bug Parker, J.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Lake Area, Western English River Map P.3380, various scales, 1998 Subprovince

Aggregate Resources Inventory of the OGS and Planning Initiatives Limited ARIP 161, 64p., 1998. Accompanied by Regional Municipality of Waterloo, two maps *ARIMs 161--1, --2 Townships of North Dumfries, Wellesley, Wilmot and Woolwich and cities of Cambridge, Kitchener and Waterloo

Aggregate Resources Inventory of the Rowell, D.J. ARIP 170, 65p., 1998. Accompanied by East Half of the Regional Municipality of two maps *ARIMs 170--1A, --1B Sudbury

Repertoire 1998 des compagnies Compiled by staff of Information MNDM, 46p., 1998 d’exploration et d’exploitation miniere Services Section en Ontario

64 W.J. McGuinty and C.R. Lee

Table 3. Selected Ontario Geological Survey Publications Received by MMIC Library in 1998 (continued).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

New Observations Related to the Mineral Easton, R.M. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Potential of the Southern Province and Report 5976, 28p., 1998 the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone East of Sudbury

Regional Geological Setting of the Jackson, S.L., Beakhouse, G.P. and Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Hemlo Gold Deposit: An Interim Davis, D.W. Report 5977, 151p., 1998 Progress Report

Geology of the Bancroft Area Lumbers, S.B. and Vertolli, V.M. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3385, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Aggregate Resources Inventory of Dill, Rowell, D.J. ARIP 173, 51p., 1998. Accompanied by Cleland, Eden, Tilton, Secord, Burwash, one map *ARIM 173--1 Laura and Servos Townships, District of Sudbury

Precambrian Geology, Hoyle and Gowan Berger, B.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Report 299, Townships 49p., 1998. Accompanied by maps 2532 and 2533

Precambrian Geology of the Berens Stone, D. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File River Area, Northwest Ontario Report 5983† 116p., 1998. Accompanied by maps P.3381, P.3382, P.3383 and P.3384

Operation Ignace--Armstrong, Obonga Sage, R.P. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Lake--Lac Des Iles Area, Geology of Report 5978, Part 1 218p., Part 2 226p., Area II Part 1: Supracrustal Rocks Part 1998. Accompanied by map P.963. 2: Granites: Granite--Supracrustal Relationships

Operation Ignace--Armstrong, Mine McWilliams, G.H. Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Centre--Entwine Lake Area, Geology of Report 5979, 31p., 1998. Accompanied Area IV by map P.965

Precambrian Geology, Hoyle Township Berger, B.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2532, scale 1:20 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, Gowan Township Berger, B.R. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2533, scale 1:20 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, Deer Lake Area Stone, D. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3381, scale 1:250 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, North Spirit Lake Stone, D. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Area Map P.3382, scale 1:250 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, Trout Lake Area Stone, D. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3383, scale 1:250 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, Carroll Lake Area Stone, D. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.3384, scale 1:250 000, 1998

Precambrian Geology, Pekagoning Lake Stone, D. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Area Map P.3386, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Aggregate Resources Inventory of OGS, MacNaughton Hermsen Britton ARIP 163, 66p., 1998. Accompanied by Dufferin County, Townships of Clarkson Planning Limited, White 4 maps *ARIMs 163--1A, --2A, --1B, Melanchton, Mulmur, East Luther, LandScience and Robinson Consultants -- 2 B Amaranth, Mono and East Garafraxa

65 TORONTO (MMIC) —1998

Table 3. Selected Ontario Geological Survey Publications Received by MMIC Library in 1998 (continued).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Quaternary Geology, Sultan Area Bernier, M.A. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2489, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Opeepeesway Lake Bernier, M.A. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2490, Area scale 1:50 000, 1998

Quaternary Geology, Beaverton Area Barnett, P.J. and Mate, D.J. Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2560, scale 1:50 000, 1998

Directory 98--99: Ontario Dimension Compiled by staff of Mines Group 1998 Stone Producers and Processors / Repetoire 98--99: Les producteurs et les entreprises de transformation de la pierre de taille de l’Ontario

Bedrock Geology of the Regional Roussel, D. Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Municipality of Sudbury Map P.3187, scale 1:100 000, 1998

*Also released in digital form. Contact Publication Sales in Sudbury. †Geochemical data / chemical analyses available in digital form. Contact Publication Sales in Sudbury.

Table 4. Selected Geological Survey of Canada Publications Incorporated into the MMIC Library during 1998.

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Till, Soil and Stream Sediment Kettles, I.M., Garrett, R.G. and Bauke, Open File 3562, 1998 Geochemistry in the vicinity of the S.T. Manitouwadge Greenstone Belt Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the McClenaghan, M.B., Stirling, J.A.R., Open File 3576, 1998 Diamond Lake kimberlite and associated Pringle, G., Schulze, D.J., Berger, B. and esker sediments, Kirkland Lake, Ontario Kjarsgaard, I.M. Bedrock Topography of the Greater Brennand, T.A., Moore, A., Logan, C., Open File 3419, scale 1:200 000, 1998 Toronto & Oak Ridges Moraine Areas, Kenny, F., Russell, H.A.J., Sharpe, D.R. southern Ontario and Barnett, P.J. Geology, James Bay, Ontario – District Sanford, B.V., Card, K.D., Grant, A.C. Open File 3558, scale 1:1 000 000, 1998 of Keewatin – Quebec. Geological Atlas and Okulitch, A.V. (compilers) of Canada, Map NN--17--G Current Research 1998--A&B Cordillera R.A. Duncan et al. Current Research 1998--A&B, 243p., and Pacific Margin and Interior Plains 1998 and Arctic Canada Current Research 1998--C Canadian W. Bleeker et al. Current Research 1998--C, 189p., 1998 Shield Current Research 1998--D Eastern G. Lynch et al. Current Research 1998--D, 89p., 1998 Canada and National and General Programs Current Research 1998--E L.C. Struik et al. Current Research 1998--E, 197p., 1998

Principal Mineral Areas of Canada Lo--Sun Jen Map 900A, Forty--seventh edition, scale 1:6 000 000, 1997 Sediment Thickness of the Greater Russell, H.A.J., Moore, A., Logan, C., Open File 2892, scale 1:200 000, 1998 Toronto & Oak Ridges Moraine Areas, Kenny, F., Brennand, T.A., Sharpe, D.R. southern Ontario and Barnett, P.J.

Surficial Geology, Vein Lake, NTS Kettles, I.M. and Way Nee, V. Map 1921A, scale 1:50 000, 1998 42E/1, Ontario

66 W.J. McGuinty and C.R. Lee

Table 4. Selected Geological Survey of Canada Publications Incorporated into the MMIC Library during 1998 (continued).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

National Geochemical Reconnaissance – Friske, P.W.B., McCurdy, M.W. and Day, Open File 3379d, scale 1:1 500 000, Ontario Compilation Arsenic in Lake S.J.A. 1998 Sediment, Ontario

National Geochemical Reconnaissance – Friske, P.W.B., McCurdy, M.W. and Day, Open File 3379e, scale 1:1 500 000, Ontario Compilation Gold in Lake S.J.A. 1998 Sediment, Ontario

National Geochemical Reconnaissance – Friske, P.W.B., McCurdy, M.W. and Day, Open File 3379f, scale 1:1 500 000, Ontario Compilation Antimony in Lake S.J.A. 1998 Sediment, Ontario

Structural Geology, central Sturgeon Sanborn--Barrie, M. and Skulski, T. Open File 3641, scale 1:50 000, 1998 Lake area, Ontario

Devonian Sandstones of southwestern Hamblin, A.P. Open File 3655, 1998 Ontario: Summary of Literature

The Middle Ordovician Shadow Lake Hamblin, A.P. Open File 3662, 1998 Formation of southwestern Ontario : Summary of Literature

Upper Cambrian Strata of southwestern Hamblin, A.P. Open File 3663, 1998 Ontario: Summary of Literature

Upper Ordovician Strata of the Ottawa Hamblin, A.P. Open File 3669, 1998 Embayment: Summary of Literature

Upper Cambrian and Lower (Middle?) Hamblin, A.P. Open File 3670, 1998 Ordovician Sandstones of the Ottawa Embayment: Summary of Literature

Regional till and humus geochemistry of McClenaghan, M.B., Paulen, R.C., Ayer, Open File 3675, 1998 the Timmins--Kamiskotia area, J.A., Trowell, N.F. and Bauke, S.D. northeastern Ontario (NTS 42A/11, 12, 13, 14)

Geology of the Precambrian Wheeler, J.O. and Palmer, A.R. (eds.) Geology of Canada, No.7, 387p., 1998 Superior and Grenville Provinces and Precambrian Fossils in North America

Surficial Geology, Manning Lake, Paulen, R.C. and McClenaghan, M.B. Open File 3618, scale 1:50 000, 1998 northeastern Ontario

Surficial Geology, Buskegau River, Paulen, R.C. and McClenaghan, M.B. Open File 3619, scale 1:50 000, 1998 northeastern Ontario

67 TORONTO (MMIC) —1998

Table 5. Selected New Reference Publications Received by the MMIC Library in 1998.

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

LithoProbe Western Superior Transect Harrap, R.M. and Helmstaedt, H. (eds.) LithoProbe Report No.63, 108p., 1997 Third Annual Workshop April 11--12, 1997

The Origin of Landscapes: A Synthesis Garner, H.F. Oxford University Press, Toronto, 734p., of Geomorphology 1974

Entry and Work on Private Property: An Harries, K.J.C. NWT Chamber of Mines, 171p., 1997 Explorationist’s Guide

Rock Solid The Impact of the Mining Dungan, P. Policy and Economic Analysis Program and Primary Metals Industries on the Institute for Policy Analysis, University Canadian Economy of Toronto and Centre for Resource Studies, Queen’s University, 217p., 1997

Mining Journal: 1998 Mining Scales, M. (ed.) 107th Edition, Southam Magazine Sourcebook Group, Toronto, 98p., 1998

SME Resource Guide 1998 J.A. Zullo, publisher Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., Littleton Colorado, 311p., 1998

Atlas of Alteration: A Field and Thompson, A.J.B., Thompson, J.F.H. Geological Association of Canada, Petrographic Guide to Hydrothermal and Dunne, K.P.E. (eds.) Mineral Deposits Division, St. John’s, Alteration Minerals 119p., 1996

Global Exploration and Mining Harper, G. (publ.) 1st Edition, Gamah International Limited, Directory – 1998 Toronto, 260p., 1998

Correlation Chart and Biostratigraphy of Norford, B.S. International Union of Geological the Silurian Rocks of Canada Sciences, Publication No.35, Calgary, 79p., 1997

Raw Materials for the Glass Industry Griffiths, J.B. (ed.) Industrial Minerals Information Ltd., London, 82p., 1997

LithoProbe Slave – Northern Cordillera Cook, F. and Erdmer, P. (comp.) LithoProbe Report No.64, Simon Fraser Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) and University, Burnaby BC., 331p., 1998 Cordilleran Tectonics Workshop

Ore Reserve Estimates in the Real World Stone, J.G. and Dunn, P.G. 2nd Edition, Society of Economic Geologists, Special Publication No.3, Littleton Colorado, 160p., 1996

Mineral Property Valuation and Investor W.S. Vaughan et al. Proceedings of a short course given by Concerns the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada and the Natural Resource and Energy Law Section of the Canadian Bar Association, Toronto, 96p., 1998

Trends, Technologies, and Case Histories R. Smith et al. Proceedings of a short course given by for the Modern Explorationist the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada, Toronto, 275p., 1996

Practical Application of Exploration S.D. Amor et al. Proceedings of a short course presented Geochemistry by the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada, Toronto, 433p., 1998

68 W.J. McGuinty and C.R. Lee

Table 5. Selected New Reference Publications Received by the MMIC Library in 1998 (continued).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

The Fundamentals of Exploration and A.f. Jepsen et al. Short course given by the Prospectors Mining and Developers Association of Canada, Toronto, 180p., 1998

Canadian Mines Handbook 1998--99 Giancola, D. (ed.) Southam Mining Publications Group, Toronto, 664p., 1998

1997 Canadian Minerals Yearbook Godin, E. (ed.) Minerals and Metals Sector, Natural Review and Outlook Resources Canada, Ottawa, 1998

1998/99 CAMESE Compendium of J.G. Baird, Director The Canadian Association of Mining Canadian Mining Suppliers Equipment and Services for Export, Markham Ontario, 118p., 1998

Russian Geology and Geophysics: N.L. Dobretsov Proceedings of the Sixth International Kimberlite, Related Rocks and Mantle Kimberlite Conference, Volume 38, Xenoliths Number 1, Allerton Press Inc., New York, 303p., 1997

Russian Geology and Geophysics; Dia- N.L. Dobretsov Proceedings of the Sixth International monds: Characterization, Genesis and Kimberlite Conference, Volume 38, Exploration Number 2, Allerton Press Inc., New York, 305--619pp., 1997

A Guide to the Management of Tailings Compiled by staff of the Mining The Mining Association of Canada, Facilities Association of Canada Ottawa, 1998

Fenite, Carbonatite and other Alkalic Lumbers, S.B. and Vertolli, V.M. GSA Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guide Rocks in the Number 5, Toronto, 14p., 1998 Bancroft--Haliburton--Muskoka Regions

Sedimentology and Paleocommunities of Brookfield, M.E. and Elgadi, M. GSA Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guide the Black River and Trenton Limestone Number 6, Toronto, 35p., 1998 Groups (Ordovician), Lake Simcoe Area, Ontario

Hydrogeology of the Niagara Falls Area Novakowski, K.S., Lapcevic, P. and GSA Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guide Bickerton, G. Number 7, Totonto, 9p., 1998

HistoryofGeologyFieldTriptoNiagara Tinkler, K. GSA Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guide Falls Number 9, Toronto, 20p., 1998

Late Grenvillian Horizontal Extension Schwerdtner, W.M., Klemens, W.P., GSA Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guide and Vertical Thinning of Proterozoic Waddington, D.H. and Vertolli, V.M. Number 14, Toronto, 15p., 1998 Gneisses, Central Ontario

Quaternary Geology and Hydrogeology Sharpe, D.R., Hinton, M., Russell, H.A. GSA Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guide of the Oak Ridges Moraine Area, and Barnett, P.J. Number 15, Toronto, 37p., 1998 Southern Ontario

Silurian – Early Devonian Sequence Brett, C.E., Goodman, W.M., Loduca, GSA Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guide Stratigraphy, Cycles and S.T., Pratt, B. and Tetreault, D. Number 16, Toronto, 32p., 1998 Paleoenvironments of the Niagara Peninsula Area of Ontario, Canada

69 TORONTO (MMIC) —1998

Table 5. Selected New Reference Publications Received by the MMIC Library in 1998 (continued).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication

Toronto Rocks: The Geological Legacy Eyles, N. and Clinton, L. To Commemorate the Annual Meeting of of the Toronto Region the Geological Society of America in Toronto, Toronto, 41p., 1998

Airborne Magnetic and Radiometric Hodgson, I. (ed.) AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Surveys Geophysics, Volume 17, Number 2, AGPS Press, Canberra Australia, 216p., 1997

North American Mineral Suppliers Kendall, T. (ed.) Industrial Minerals, Industrial Minerals Directory Ltd., Surrey UK, 128p., 1998

Aggregate Resources A Global Balkema, A.A. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Brookfield Perspective Vermont, 470p., 1998

Lime and Limestone Chemistry and Oates, J.A.H. Wiley--VCH, Weinheim Federal Technology, Production and Uses Republic of Germany, 455p., 1998

Lands for Life Great Lakes – St. Gray, B. (Chair) Draft Land Use Planning Lawrence Planning Area Recommendations, Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Round Table, 168p., 1998

Lands for Life Boreal East Planning Thib--Jelly, B. (Chair) Draft Land Use Planning Area Recommendations, Boreal East Round Table, 84p. + App., 1998

Lands for Life Boreal West Planning Michels, R.E. (Chair) Draft Land Use Planning Area Recommendations, Boreal West Round Table, 71p., 1998

The Mine Gate; Mining in Canada, Facts Compiled by staff of the Mining The Mining Association of Canada, & Figures, Association of Canada Ottawa, 52p., 1998

70 Ontario Geological Survey Resident Geologist Program

Petroleum Resources Centre—1998

T.R. Carter

1999

PETROLEUM RESOURCES CENTRE - OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY IN ONTARIO IN 1998

T.R. Carter

Subsurface Geologist, Petroleum Resources Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, London

Introduction

Oil and gas drilling activity in Ontario in 1998 returned to normal levels with drilling reported to be complete at 104 wells, compared to 73 in 1997. A large number of take--overs and re--organizations of Ontario--based oil and gas companies in 1996 and 1997 had resulted in depressed levels of activity in those years.

Exploration Activity

A total of 117 licences to drill and operate new wells were issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources in 1998, compared to 100 in 1997. At the time of writing drilling was reported to be complete at 104 wells in 1998, consisting of 31 exploratory wells, 64 development wells, and 9 in other classes (“service”). The 1998 exploratory drilling resulted in 10 wells reported as gas producers and 4 wells reported as oil producers (Table 1). An additional 8 wells encountered hydrocarbons and were undergoing evaluation at the time of writing. Development drilling resulted in 24 wells reported to be oil producers, 2 as producers of both oil and gas and 21 as gas producers, with 6 wells undergoing evaluation.

Drilling was reported to be complete at 9 exploratory wells and 28 development wells testing Ordovician targets in 1998. The Ordovician exploratory drilling is reported to have resulted in 3 new oil producers. Talisman (Horiz #1) Mersea 8--23--IX is a new pool discovery west of the Renwick pools, Talisman (Horiz #1) Mersea 1--16--I is a new pools discovery southeast of the Mersea 4--14--I (Fulmer) pool, and CanEnerco/CNR #14 Gosfield South 5--261--NTR is an extension of the Gosfield South 1--4--258--STR pool.

Ordovician development drilling is reported to have resulted in 20 new oil producers and one well capable of both oil and gas production. Most of these successful wells were horizontal wells and many were completed as re--entries of existing vertical well bores. New oil wells were completed in the following pools; Mersea 3--6--V, Mersea 3--4--IV, Mersea 6--23--VII (Goldsmith), Hillman, Colchester, Rochester 1--17--II, Romney 3--8--II, Romney 6--13--III, Romney 6--13--IV, Gosfield North 2--21--VI, and Gosfield South 1--4--258--STR.

There were 5 exploratory wells testing Cambrian targets in 1998. Clearwood et al #7 Blenheim 4--19--VIII was reported as a gas producer in a probable extension of the Innerkip gas pool. The remaining wells were either plugged and abandoned or are testing.

There were 9 exploratory tests of Silurian Guelph--Salina targets in 1998; two wells offshore Lake Erie and the remainder in onshore locations. Range No. 1A Enniskillen 2--27--XI was completed as an oil producer and Reefex Brooke 1--17--II was completed as a gas producer in new pool discoveries. Talisman West Lake Erie 287--B--3 was completed as a gas producer in a successful exploratory test south of the Tilbury gas pool beneath Lake Erie. Talisman West Central Lake Erie 221--Y--4 was completed as a gas producer in an exploratory extension of the Morpeth gas pool. Clearwood et al #12 Tuckersmith 2--30--III

73 PETROLEUM RESOURCES CENTRE —1998

SHR was reported to be testing as a possible gas producer in another new pool discovery. Three additional wells were undergoing evaluation at the time of writing.

There were 12 development tests of Silurian Guelph--Salina targets in 1998; three wells offshore Lake Erie and the remainder in onshore locations. CanEnerco #10 (Dev.#2) Enniskillen 1--17--X was reported to be a potential oil producer in the Petrolia East pool. Lagasco reported two wells completed as gas producers in the Townline gas pool, with a third undergoing evaluation. Lagasco also reported drilling a successful gas well in the Chatham pool. Talisman Energy Inc drilled two horizontal wells in the Morpeth gas pool offshore Lake Erie, both of which are reported as gas producers.

There were 8 exploratory tests of Lower Silurian sandstone targets in 1998; one well offshore Lake Erie and the remainder in onshore locations. Greentree Gas & Oil Inc completed three wells as gas producers in possible new pool discoveries in South Walsingham and Houghton Townships in Norfolk County. Talisman Energy Inc completed one well as a potential gas producer in an extension of the Leepfrog gas pool offshore Lake Erie. Four other wells were undergoing evaluation at the time of writing.

Twenty--four development wells were drilled to test Lower Silurian sandstones in 1998; seventeen wells offshore Lake Erie and 7 in onshore locations in the former counties of Norfolk, Haldimand and Welland. All of the onshore wells were reported to be completed as gas producers; four of these are low--volume private wells for domestic use. Seven of the Lake Erie wells were reported to be completed as gas producers, 5 were plugged and abandoned and the remainder were undergoing evaluation.

There were no tests of Devonian targets in 1998.

Nine wells in other classes were drilled in 1998. CanEnerco completed two natural gas injection/withdrawal wells in the Chatham 7--17--XII pool in 1998. Union Gas Limited drilled 2 stratigraphic tests, one in the Bentpath East pool and one in the Booth Creek pool to collect geological information about suitability for conversion to natural gas storage. General Chemical completed 4 salt solution mining wells in 1998 on a new property beside their existing solution--mining site and chemical plant in the Amherstburg area. Roth and Roth Limited deepened an existing well in the Wanstead oil pool to test for disposal potential.

Preliminary figures indicate that Ontario produced 219,328 cubic metres of crude oil (1.4 million barrels) in 1998 valued at $29.8 million. The production volume represents only a marginal decrease from the previous year when production totalled 220,475 cubic metres valued at $40.4 million. The dramatic decline in value of the 1998 production was due to reduced world prices for crude oil.

Data on natural gas production in 1998 is not yet available. Recommendations for Exploration

Recommendations for exploration are unchanged from the previous year. Ordovician reservoirs are still the focus of exploration directed at discovery of new oil reservoirs, with Essex County and southern Kent County being the most favourable areas for exploration. Most of southwestern Ontario is underlain by Ordovician carbonates, and must be considered to be prospective for reservoirs of this type. Most of this area is essentially untested.

There still remains considerable untested potential in Lake Erie. The western part of the lake is prospective for Silurian Guelph Formation reef reservoirs. The eastern part of the lake in underlain by gas--bearing Lower Silurian sandstones. Leasing of the Crown lands beneath Lake Erie is administered by the Petroleum Resources Centre of the Ministry of Natural Resources.

There is considerable potential for discovery of Cambrian gas or oil pools along the pinch--out edge of the Cambrian sandstone in the subsurface, or in fault--controlled structures. There has been little effort directed at finding new pools in this play.

74 T.R. Carter

Silurian pinnacle reefs still are an attractive target for oil or gas exploration. Some of these reefs may also have bypassed production as in the Petrolia East pool. Lambton County has been the most prospective area for exploration during most of the exploration history of this play. Any discoveries in this area have potential for conversion to natural gas storage due to their proximity to natural gas pipelines and existing storage pools. Huron County has been largely overlooked and is considered to have significant remaining potential.

Table 1. Successful exploratory wells in southwestern Ontario, 1998. See Figure 1 for well locations.

Map Latitude Longitude Well Name Target Depth Class Results Completion No. (m.) Date

1 4 3 -- 1 4 -- 5 8 80--36--20 Clearwood et al #7 Blenheim 4--19--VIII CAM 861 NPW GP 1998/02/26

2 4 2 -- 3 9 -- 5 0 80--34--10 GGOL #1 South Walsingham 5--6--VI CLI 411.5 NPW GP 1998/06/09

3 4 2 -- 3 9 -- 0 3 80--33--54 GGOL #8 South Walsingham 6--6--V CLI 421 NPW GP 1998/11/10

4 4 2 -- 4 2 -- 0 5 80--39--20 GGOL #3 Houghton 7--16--III CLI 421 NPW GP 1998/07/15

5 4 2 -- 5 7 -- 4 0 79--24--10 Reliant #2 Wainfleet 1--24--V CLI 198 NPW GP 1998/10/31

6 4 2 -- 4 2 -- 5 2 79--19--18 Talisman East Lake Erie 36--O--1 CLI 417 NPW GP 1998/04/17

7 4 2 -- 0 5 -- 2 4 82--42--19 CanEnerco/CNR #14 Gosfield South ORD 1034 NPW OP 1998/11/27 5--261--NTR

8 4 2 -- 0 2 -- 3 0 82--31--41 Talisman (Horiz #1) Mersea 1--16--I ORD 1344 NPW OP 1998/07/26

9 4 2 -- 0 7 -- 5 8 82--28--14 Talisman (Horiz #1) Mersea 8--23--IX ORD 1342 NPW OP 1998/05/05

10 4 2 -- 1 0 -- 2 5 81--29--10 Talisman West Central Lake Erie 221--Y--4 SAL 546 NPW GP 1998/05/10

11 4 2 -- 5 3 -- 2 6 82--02--26 Range No. 1A Enniskillen 2--27--XI SAL 704 NPW OP 1998/10/11

12 4 3 -- 3 4 -- 1 3 81--29--34 Clearwood et al #12 Tuckersmith SAL 539 NPW GP 1998/10/06 2--30--IIISHR

13 4 2 -- 0 4 -- 2 5 81--16--35 Talisman West Lake Erie 287--B--3 SAL 410 NPW GP 1998/04/28

14 4 2 -- 4 6 -- 5 1 81--52--47 Reefex Brooke 1--17--II SAL 550 NPW GP 1998/11/19

75 PETROLEUM RESOURCES CENTRE —1998

Figure 1. Successful exploratory wells in Ontario in 1998.

76 Metric Conversion Table

Conversion from SI to Imperial Conversion from Imperial to SI SI Unit Multiplied by Gives Imperial Unit Multiplied by Gives LENGTH 1 mm 0.039 37 inches 1 inch 25.4 mm 1 cm 0.393 70 inches 1 inch 2.54 cm 1 m 3.280 84 feet 1 foot 0.304 8 m 1 m 0.049 709 chains 1 chain 20.116 8 m 1 km 0.621 371 miles (statute) 1 mile (statute) 1.609 344 km AREA 1cm@ 0.155 0 square inches 1 square inch 6.451 6 cm@ 1m@ 10.763 9 square feet 1 square foot 0.092 903 04 m@ 1km@ 0.386 10 square miles 1 square mile 2.589 988 km@ 1 ha 2.471 054 acres 1 acre 0.404 685 6 ha VOLUME 1cm# 0.061 023 cubic inches 1 cubic inch 16.387 064 cm# 1m# 35.314 7 cubic feet 1 cubic foot 0.028 316 85 m# 1m# 1.307 951 cubic yards 1 cubic yard 0.764 554 86 m# CAPACITY 1 L 1.759 755 pints 1 pint 0.568 261 L 1 L 0.879 877 quarts 1 quart 1.136 522 L 1 L 0.219 969 gallons 1 gallon 4.546 090 L MASS 1 g 0.035 273 962 ounces (avdp) 1 ounce (avdp) 28.349 523 g 1 g 0.032 150 747 ounces (troy) 1 ounce (troy) 31.103 476 8 g 1 kg 2.204 622 6 pounds (avdp) 1 pound (avdp) 0.453 592 37 kg 1 kg 0.001 102 3 tons (short) 1 ton (short) 907.184 74 kg 1 t 1.102 311 3 tons (short) 1 ton (short) 0.907 184 74 t 1 kg 0.000 984 21 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1016.046 908 8 kg 1 t 0.984 206 5 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1.016 046 90 t CONCENTRATION 1 g/t 0.029 166 6 ounce (troy)/ 1 ounce (troy)/ 34.285 714 2 g/t ton (short) ton (short) 1 g/t 0.583 333 33 pennyweights/ 1 pennyweight/ 1.714 285 7 g/t ton (short) ton (short) OTHER USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS Multiplied by 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 31.103 477 grams per ton (short) 1 gram per ton (short) 0.032 151 ounces (troy) per ton (short) 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 20.0 pennyweights per ton (short) 1 pennyweight per ton (short) 0.05 ounces (troy) per ton (short)

Note: Conversion factors which arein boldtype areexact. Theconversion factorshave been taken fromor havebeen derived from factors given in the Metric Practice Guide for the Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Industries, published by the Mining Association of Canada in co-operation with the Coal Association of Canada.

ISSN 1484--9402 ISBN 0--7778--8517--4