From the James Lind Library Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine; 2019, Vol. 112(1) 36–47 DOI: 10.1177/0141076818820779 Helping physicians to keep abreast of the medical literature: Andrew Duncan and Medical and Philosophical Commentaries, 1773–1795 John Chalmers, Iain Chalmers and Ulrich Troehler 1Edinburgh EH10 4SG, UK 2James Lind Initiative, Oxford OX2 7LG, UK 3Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland Corresponding author: Iain Chalmers. Email:
[email protected] Andrew Duncan began his publishing career in 1772, Each issue of the new periodical was to contain with observations on the use of mercury for treating registers of climatic measurements in Edinburgh and venereal disease. Thereafter he produced a substan- accounts of the diseases which had been epidemic and tial published output – on therapeutics, materia ‘most universal’ there; observations and essays on med- medica, pathology, reports of cases seen at the ical subjects; figures illustrating instruments, patho- Edinburgh Public Dispensary, and biographical com- logical specimens, etc.; and lists of medical books, mentaries on his colleagues. However, Duncan’s most published or in press. Each volume also included successful publishing venture was his Medical and accounts of ‘the most remarkable Improvements and Philosophical Commentaries (hereafter, the Discoveries in Physick’ which had been made since the Commentaries). In the Commentaries, Duncan1 previous issue. This element comes nearest to the pur- endeavoured to meet needs which remain inad- poses of Andrew Duncan’s Medical and Philosophical equately met even today: namely, how can doctors Commentaries, but it only used between 1 and 10% of be helped to cope with cascades of clinical literature.2 the pages in each volume of Medical Essays and There had been some attempts in the 17th century to Observations, which was principally a vehicle for clin- respond to the needs of busy people for relevant ical and pathological case reports.