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Exploring the Role of Language in Two Systems for Categorization Kayleigh Ryherd University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected]
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 4-26-2019 Exploring the Role of Language in Two Systems for Categorization Kayleigh Ryherd University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Ryherd, Kayleigh, "Exploring the Role of Language in Two Systems for Categorization" (2019). Doctoral Dissertations. 2163. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/2163 Exploring the Role of Language in Two Systems for Categorization Kayleigh Ryherd, PhD University of Connecticut, 2019 Multiple theories of category learning converge on the idea that there are two systems for categorization, each designed to process different types of category structures. The associative system learns categories that have probabilistic boundaries and multiple overlapping features through iterative association of features and feedback. The hypothesis-testing system learns rule-based categories through explicit testing of hy- potheses about category boundaries. Prior research suggests that language resources are necessary for the hypothesis-testing system but not for the associative system. However, other research emphasizes the role of verbal labels in learning the probabilistic similarity-based categories best learned by the associative system. This suggests that language may be relevant for the associative system in a different way than it is relevant for the hypothesis-testing system. Thus, this study investigated the ways in which language plays a role in the two systems for category learning. In the first experiment, I tested whether language is related to an individual’s ability to switch between the associative and hypothesis-testing systems. I found that participants showed remarkable ability to switch between systems regardless of their language ability. -
ML Cheatsheet Documentation
ML Cheatsheet Documentation Team Sep 02, 2021 Basics 1 Linear Regression 3 2 Gradient Descent 21 3 Logistic Regression 25 4 Glossary 39 5 Calculus 45 6 Linear Algebra 57 7 Probability 67 8 Statistics 69 9 Notation 71 10 Concepts 75 11 Forwardpropagation 81 12 Backpropagation 91 13 Activation Functions 97 14 Layers 105 15 Loss Functions 117 16 Optimizers 121 17 Regularization 127 18 Architectures 137 19 Classification Algorithms 151 20 Clustering Algorithms 157 i 21 Regression Algorithms 159 22 Reinforcement Learning 161 23 Datasets 165 24 Libraries 181 25 Papers 211 26 Other Content 217 27 Contribute 223 ii ML Cheatsheet Documentation Brief visual explanations of machine learning concepts with diagrams, code examples and links to resources for learning more. Warning: This document is under early stage development. If you find errors, please raise an issue or contribute a better definition! Basics 1 ML Cheatsheet Documentation 2 Basics CHAPTER 1 Linear Regression • Introduction • Simple regression – Making predictions – Cost function – Gradient descent – Training – Model evaluation – Summary • Multivariable regression – Growing complexity – Normalization – Making predictions – Initialize weights – Cost function – Gradient descent – Simplifying with matrices – Bias term – Model evaluation 3 ML Cheatsheet Documentation 1.1 Introduction Linear Regression is a supervised machine learning algorithm where the predicted output is continuous and has a constant slope. It’s used to predict values within a continuous range, (e.g. sales, price) rather than trying to classify them into categories (e.g. cat, dog). There are two main types: Simple regression Simple linear regression uses traditional slope-intercept form, where m and b are the variables our algorithm will try to “learn” to produce the most accurate predictions. -
Neural Processing of Facial Expressions As Modulators of Communicative Intention Facial Expression in Communicative Intention
Neural processing of facial expressions as modulators of communicative intention Facial expression in communicative intention Rasgado-Toledo Jalil1, Valles-Capetillo Elizabeth1, Giudicessi Averi2, Giordano Magda1*. 1Departament of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230 México 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA * Corresponding author: E-mail address: [email protected] (Giordano, Magda) Number of pages: 31 Number of figures: 8 Number of tables: 1 Number of words: Abstract: 250 Introduction: 621 Discussion: 1499 Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing financial interests Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Erick Pasaye, Leopoldo González-Santos, Juan Ortiz, and the personnel at the National Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (LANIREM UNAM), for their valuable assistance. This work received support from Luis Aguilar, Alejandro De León, Carlos Flores, and Jair García of the Laboratorio Nacional de Visualización Científica Avanzada (LAVIS). Additional thanks to Azalea Reyes-Aguilar for the valuable feedback for the entire study process. Significance Statement In the present study, we tested whether previous observation of a facial expression associated with an emotion can modify the interpretation of a speech act that follows a facial expression; thus providing empirical evidence that facial expression impacts communication. Our results could help to understand how we communicate and the aspects of communication that are necessary to comprehend pragmatic forms of language as speech acts. We applied both multivariate and univariate analysis models to compare brain structures involved in speech acts comprehension, and found that the pattern of hemodynamic response of the frontal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex can be used to decode classification decisions. -
D2.3 Data Collection Protocol
Ref. Ares(2019)4156542 - 01/07/2019 D2.3 - DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOL Smart Age-friendly Living and DOCUMENT ID - TYPE: D2.3 (REPORT) PROJECT TITLE: Working Environment DELIVERABLE LEADER: RRD GRANT AGREEMENT Nº: 826343 (H2020-SC1-DTH-2018-1) DUE DATE: 30/06/2019 CONTRACT START DATE: 1 January 2019 DELIVERY DATE: 30/06/2019 CONTRACT DURATION: 36 Months DISSEMINATION LEVEL: Public (PU) PROJECT COORDINATOR: BYTE S.A. STATUS - VERSION: Final – v1.0 (Page intentionally blanked) D2.3 – DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOL | Page 3 AUTHORS - CONTRIBUTORS Name Organization Miriam Cabrita Roessingh Research and Development (RRD) Mattienne van der Kamp Roessingh Research and Development (RRD) Harm op den Akker Roessingh Research and Development (RRD) Lex van Velsen Roessingh Research and Development (RRD) Willeke van Staalduinen Cáritas Diocesana de Coimbra (CDC) Natália Machado Cáritas Diocesana de Coimbra (CDC) Tom Thomsen Arhus Kommune (CAT) Otilia Kocsis University of Patras (UPAT) João Quintas Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN) André Pardal Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN) Hugo Marcos Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN) Dimitrios Amaxilatis Spark Works ITC (SPARKS) Nikos Tsironis Spark Works ITC (SPARKS) PEER REVIEWERS Name Organization Carina Dantas Cáritas Diocesana de Coimbra (CDC) Otilia Kocsis University of Patras (UPAT) Nikos Fazakis University of Patras (UPAT) Charalampos Vassiliou BYTE D2.3 – DATA COLLECTION PROTOCOL | Page 4 REVISION HISTORY Version Date Author/Organisation Modifications 0.1 08.04.2019 RRD Table of Contents Revised Table of Contents 0.2 23.04.2019 -
Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Bilişsel Ve Davranışçı Yaklaşımlar 28
Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümü www.hku.edu.tr Havalimanı Yolu Üzeri 8.Km 27410 Şahinbey/GAZİANTEP +90 (342) 211 80 80 - [email protected] EDİTÖR Doç. Dr. Şaziye Senem BAŞGÜL YARDIMCI EDİTÖR Arş. Gör. Saadet YAPAN YAYIN KURULU Prof. Dr. Mehmet Hakan TÜRKÇAPAR Prof. Dr. Mücahit ÖZTÜRK Prof. Dr. Bengi SEMERCİ Prof. Dr. Osman Tolga ARICAK Doç. Dr. Şaziye Senem BAŞGÜL Doç. Dr. Hanna Nita SCHERLER Öğr. Gör. Mehmet DİNÇ Öğr. Gör. Ferhat Jak İÇÖZ Öğr. Gör. Mediha ÖMÜR Arş. Gör. Saadet YAPAN Arş. Gör. Mahmut YAY Arş. Gör. Feyza TOPÇU DANIŞMA KURULU Prof. Dr. Can TUNCER Doç. Dr. Zümra ÖZYEŞİL Yrd. Doç. Dr. Itır TARI CÖMERT Dr. Özge MERGEN Dr. Akif AVCU KAPAK TASARIM Uğur Servet KARALAR GRAFİK UYGULAMA Yakup BAYRAM 0342 211 80 80 psikoloji.hku.edu.tr [email protected] Havalimanı Yolu Üzeri 8. Km 27410 Şahinbey/GAZİANTEP Sonbahar ve ilkbahar sayıları olarak yılda iki kere çıkar. İÇİNDEKİLER Önsöz 4 Editörden 5 Bilimsel Bir Araştırmanın Yol Haritası 6 Psikoterapilere Varoluşçu Bir Bakış 10 Anne, Baba ve Çocuk Tarafından Algılanan Ebeveyn Kabul-Ret ve Kontrolünün Çocuğun Duygu Düzenleme Becerisi İle İlişkisi 13 Fabrika İşçilerinde Stres ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki 20 Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Bilişsel ve Davranışçı Yaklaşımlar 28 Araştırmalar ve Olgu Değerlendirmelerinde Nöro-Psikolojik Testler ve Bilgisayar Programlarının Bütünleştirilmesi: Bir Gözden Geçirme 32 Tez Özetleri 35 ÖNSÖZ Değerli okurlarımız, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümü öğretim üyeleri ve öğ- rencilerinin girişimiyle yayınlanan Psikoloji Araştırmaları dergisinin yeni bir sayısıyla yeniden karşınızdayız. Yolculuğumuz dördüncü sayı- sına ulaştı. Psikoloji Araştırmaları dergisinin bu sayısında, klinik çalışmalar ve göz- den geçirme derleme yazıları yer alıyor. -
Pyflies: a Domain-Specific Language for Designing Experiments In
applied sciences Article PyFlies: A Domain-Specific Language for Designing Experiments in Psychology Igor Dejanovi´c 1,* , Mirjana Dejanovi´c 2,*, Jovana Vidakovi´c 3 and Siniša Nikoli´c 1 1 Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština-Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia 3 Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (I.D.); [email protected] (M.D.); Tel.: +381-21-485-4562 (I.D.) Abstract: The majority of studies in psychology are nowadays performed using computers. In the past, access to good quality software was limited, but in the last two decades things have changed and today we have an array of good and easily accessible open-source software to choose from. However, experiment builders are either GUI-centric or based on general-purpose programming languages which require programming skills. In this paper, we investigate an approach based on domain-specific languages which enables a text-based experiment development using domain- specific concepts, enabling practitioners with limited or no programming skills to develop psychology tests. To investigate our approach, we created PyFlies, a domain-specific language for designing experiments in psychology, which we present in this paper. The language is tailored for the domain of psychological studies. The aim is to capture the essence of the experiment design in a concise and highly readable textual form. The editor for the language is built as an extension for Visual Studio Code, one of the most popular programming editors today. -
University of Groningen Opensesame Mathot, Sebastiaan; Schreij, Daniel
University of Groningen OpenSesame Mathot, Sebastiaan; Schreij, Daniel; Theeuwes, Jan Published in: Behavior Research Methods DOI: 10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2012 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Mathot, S., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 27-09-2021 Behav Res (2012) 44:314–324 DOI 10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7 OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences Sebastiaan Mathôt & Daniel Schreij & Jan Theeuwes Published online: 16 November 2011 # The Author(s) 2011. -
A Proposal for a Data-Driven Approach to the Influence of Music
METHODS published: 20 August 2021 doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.699145 A Proposal for a Data-Driven Approach to the Influence of Music on Heart Dynamics Ennio Idrobo-Ávila 1*, Humberto Loaiza-Correa 1, Flavio Muñoz-Bolaños 2, Leon van Noorden 3 and Rubiel Vargas-Cañas 4 1 Escuela de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, PSI - Percepción y Sistemas Inteligentes, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 2 Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, CIFIEX - Ciencias Fisiológicas Experimentales, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia, 3 Department of Art, Music, and Theatre Sciences, IPEM—Institute for Systematic Musicology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 4 Departamento de Física, SIDICO - Sistemas Dinámicos, Instrumentación y Control, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia Electrocardiographic signals (ECG) and heart rate viability measurements (HRV) provide information in a range of specialist fields, extending to musical perception. The ECG signal records heart electrical activity, while HRV reflects the state or condition of the autonomic nervous system. HRV has been studied as a marker of diverse psychological and physical diseases including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. HRV has also been used to observe the effects of medicines, the impact of exercise and the analysis of emotional responses and evaluation of effects of various quantifiable Edited by: elements of sound and music on the human body. Variations in blood pressure, levels of Xiang Xie, stress or anxiety, subjective sensations and even changes in emotions constitute multiple First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang aspects that may well-react or respond to musical stimuli. Although both ECG and Medical University, China HRV continue to feature extensively in research in health and perception, methodologies Reviewed by: Ming-Jie Wang, vary substantially. -
The Effect of Working Memory and Syntactic Complexity on Sentence Comprehension
The Effect of Working Memory and Syntactic Complexity on Sentence Comprehension Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Psychology Dr. Arthur Wingfield, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for Master’s Degree By Emily S. Murphy May 2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to give special acknowledgment and thanks to Dr. Art Wingfield and Dr. Nicolas Rohleder for their time, advice, and support. The author also thanks Renee Decaro, and the entirety of the Memory and Cognition Lab for their aid on this project. ii ABSTRACT The Effect of Working Memory and Syntactic Complexity on Sentence Comprehension A thesis presented to the Psychology Department Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Emily S. Murphy The present study explored comprehension of spoken sentences as a result of manipulations of sentence length and complexity. Young adult participants heard a series of sentences that varied in type (suBject-relative and object-relative) and sentence complexity (6-word and 10-word). These sentences were further manipulated in complexity through the addition of prepositional phrases into varying points within the 10-word sentences (short noun-verb gap and long noun- verb gap). Response accuracy was suBject to an ANOVA, which revealed significant main effects of sentence type and sentence complexity, with the effects moderated by a significant Sentence Type X Sentence Complexity interaction. Results support decreased comprehension accuracy for more complex sentences. Response latencies were suBjected to an ANOVA, resulting in significant main effects of sentence type and sentence complexity, with effects moderated By a significant Sentence Type X Sentence Complexity interaction. -
Chapter 4 Neural Correlate of Memory
Memory & Relaxation Enhancement using Meditation as an Intervention: A Psychological and Physiological study A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of Engineering In Electronic Instrumentation and Control Submitted By: Puneet Arya Roll No. 801351018 Under the Guidance of: Dr. Mandeep Singh Associate Professor EIED Thapar University, Patiala Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Thapar University, Patiala (Established under the section 3 of UGC act, 1956) Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India June 2015 ii iii ABSTRACT Meditation is a practice of inner awareness. It is widely practiced around the world for mental and spiritual well-being. In the past, a lot of research has been done to observe the effect of meditation on the cognitive abilities of human beings. Through our research we are validating the fact that meditation has a positive effect on the working memory of a person. In this research, fourteen participants have been selected and are made to perform memory related psychological tasks. EEG has been recorded for the participants for their physiological assessment. These participants are then divided into 2 groups: 1) Meditators’ group, which has undergone guided meditation for 15 days and 2) Control group, which has undergone no intervention during the duration of fifteen days. Both the groups have been made to undergo the same tasks after 15 days of intervention. It has been observed that post-meditation memory task performance for meditators improved whereas it decreased for the control group. The mean memory span of DSPAN task in meditators’ group improved from 7 to 8.1428 whereas it remained same for the control group. -
Anxiety Sensitivity and Decision Making
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Summer 8-19-2016 Anxiety Sensitivity and Decision Making: Positive and Negative Risk Taking in Laboratory and Naturalistic Settings Amanda Kutz University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Kutz, Amanda, "Anxiety Sensitivity and Decision Making: Positive and Negative Risk Taking in Laboratory and Naturalistic Settings" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2483. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2483 This Open-Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. ANXIETY SENSITIVITY AND DECISION MAKING: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE RISK TAKING IN LABORATORY AND NATURALISTIC SETTINGS By Amanda M. Kutz B.S. University of Vermont, 2009 M.A. University of Maine, 2013 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Psychology) The Graduate School The University of Maine August 2016 Advisory Committee: K. Lira Yoon, Associate Professor of Psychology, Notre Dame University, Co-Advisor Emily P. Haigh, Assistant Professor of Psychology, Co-Advisor Sandra T. Sigmon, Professor Emerita of Psychology Geoffrey L. Thorpe, Professor Emeritus of Psychology Jordan LaBouff, Assistant Professor of Psychology ii DISSERTATION ACCEPTANCE STATEMENT On behalf of the Graduate Committee for Amanda M. Kutz, I affirm that this manuscript is the final accepted dissertation. Signatures of all committee members are on file with the Graduate School at the University of Maine, 5755 Stodder Hall, Orono, Maine 04469. -
Computerized Testing Software for Assessing Interference Open Research Software Suppression in Children and Adults: the Bivalent Shape Task (BST)
Journal of Mueller, S T and Esposito, A G 2014 Computerized Testing Software for Assessing Interference open research software Suppression in Children and Adults: The Bivalent Shape Task (BST). Journal of Open Research Software, 2(1): e3, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jors.ak SOFTWARE METAPAPER Computerized Testing Software for Assessing Interference Suppression in Children and Adults: The Bivalent Shape Task (BST) Shane T. Mueller1 and Alena G. Esposito2 1 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Cognitive and Learning Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Michigan, Hoguhton, United States 2 North Carolina State University, Department of Psychology, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States We describe the Bivalent Shape Task (BST), software using the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL), for testing of cognitive interference and the ability to suppress interference. The test is available via the GNU Public License, Version 3 (GPLv3), is freely modifiable, and has been tested on both children and adults and found to provide a simple and fast non-verbal measure of cognitive interference and sup- pression that requires no reading. Keywords: computerized cognitive testing; inhibition; interference suppression; Stroop interference; chil- dren and adults; non-linguistic interference test Funding Statement: This work was supported in part by a pre-doctoral fellowship provided by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32-HD07376) through the Center for Devel- opmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, to Alena G. Esposito. (1) Overview blue. In all cases, color is irrelevant and not used to make Introduction the decision. The stimulus shape is presented either in Research on bilingualism in children has suggested that red, blue, or an unfilled black outline.