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Aboriginal History Journal: Volume 27

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Aboriginal History Journal: Volume 27 Aboriginal History Volume 27 2003 Aboriginal History Incorporated The Committee of Management and the Editorial Board Peter Read (Chair), Rob Paton (Secretary), Alan Wyburn (Treasurer/Public Officer), Richard Baker, Gordon Briscoe, Jennifer Clarke, Ann Curthoys, Mick Dodson, Brian Egloff, Julie Finlayson, Geoff Gray, Niel Gunson, Luise Hercus, David Johnston, Harold Koch, Isabel McBryde, Ann McGrath, Ingereth Macfarlane, Francis Peters-Little, Deborah Bird Rose, Gary Shipp, Rebe Taylor. Correspondents Jeremy Beckett, Valerie Chapman, Ian Clark, Eve Fesl, Fay Gale, Ronald Lampert, Campbell Macknight, Ewan Morris, John Mulvaney, Andrew Markus, Bob Reece, Henry Reynolds, Lyndall Ryan, Bruce Shaw, Tom Stannage, Robert Tonkinson, James Urry. Aboriginal History is a refereed journal that presents articles and information in the field of Australian ethnohistory, particularly in the post-contact history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Historical studies based on anthropological, archaeological, linguistic and sociological research, including comparative studies of other ethnic groups such as Pacific Islanders in Australia, are welcomed. Subjects include recorded oral traditions and biographies, narratives in local languages with translations, previously unpublished manuscript accounts, resumés of current events, archival and bibliographic articles, and book reviews. Aboriginal History is administered by an Editorial Board which is responsible for all unsigned material in the journal. Views and opinions expressed by the authors of signed articles and reviews are not necessarily shared by Board members. The editors invite authors to submit contributions to either the journal or monograph series for consideration; reviews will be commissioned by the book review editor. This volume of the journal is formally dated 2003, but is published in 2004. Editors 2003 Managing Editor, Ingereth Macfarlane; Review Editor, Luise Hercus; Copy Editors, Jenny Jeffery and Gillian Fulcher. Contacting Aboriginal History All correspondence should be addressed to Aboriginal History, Box 2837 GPO Canberra, 2601, Australia. Sales and orders for journals and monographs, and journal subscriptions: T Boekel, email: [email protected], tel or fax: +61 2 6230 7054, www.aboriginalhistory.org Acknowledgment Aboriginal History is published out of the Australian Centre for Indigenous History, RSSS, ANU. The support of the History Program, RSSS, is gratefully acknowledged. WARNING: Readers are notified that this publication may contain names or images of deceased persons. © 2003 Aboriginal History Inc, Canberra, Australia. Apart for any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process whatsoever without the written permission of the publisher. Typesetting: Tikka Wilson Printed in Australia by ANU Printing, Canberra ISSN 0314-8769 Cover Memorial plaque, Coniston Northern Territory, in memory of the 1928 Coniston Massacre. Photograph: George Serras, National Museum of Australia. Aboriginal History Volume 27 2003 James Warden Preface v Ingereth Macfarlane Introduction vii Martin Gibbs Nebinyan’s songs: an Aboriginal whaler of Western 1 Australia Frances Peters-Little Nobles and savages on the television 16 Elizabeth Willis Exhibiting Aboriginal industry: a story behind a 39 ‘re-discovered’ bark drawing from Victoria Bill Wilson and ‘To infuse an universal terror’: a reappraisal of the 59 Justin O’Brien Coniston killings John Harris Hiding the bodies: the myth of the humane 79 colonisation of Aboriginal Australia Chris Owen ‘The police appear to be a useless lot up there’: 105 enforcing the law in the East Kimberley Mark McKenna A preference for forgetting: some reflections on 131 publishing Looking for Blackfellas’ Point: an Australian history of place John Maynard Australian history – lifting haze or descending fog? 139 Anna Cole Unwitting soldiers: the working life of Matron Hiscocks 146 at the Cootamundra Girls Home, NSW Shirleene Robinson ‘We do not want one who is too old’: Aboriginal child 162 domestic servants in Queensland, 1842–1945 Katherine Ellinghaus Absorbing the Aboriginal problem: controlling 183 interracial marriage in Australia in the late 19th and early 20th century Margaret Taylor, Undermining the social foundations: the impact of 208 David Schmitt and colonisation on the traditional family structure of the Parimal Roy Goulburn tribes Lorenzo Veracini Of a ‘contested ground’ and an ‘indelible stain’: a 224 difficult reconciliation between Australia and its Aboriginal history during the 1990s and 2000s Notes and documents Richard Baker Elspeth Anne Young, 1940–2002 241 Niel Gunson ‘Leave it to me’: an appreciation of Peter John 245 Grimshaw, 1932–2003 iv ABORIGINAL HISTORY 2003 VOL 27 Jim Bowler ‘Tribal loyalties’: reconnecting with the land 247 A tribute to Mrs Alice Kelly, 1919–2003 Book reviews RG Kimber Invisible invaders, smallpox and other diseases in 249 Aboriginal Australia 1780–1880 by Judy Campbell Nigel Bennett Aboriginal suicide is different: a portrait of life and self- 252 destruction by Colin Tatz K McCaul Ancestral power: the dreaming, consciousness and 254 Aboriginal Australians by Lynne Hume David Carment People of the rivermouth: the Joborr texts of Frank 258 Gurrmanamana by Frank Gurrmanamana, Les Hiatt and Kim McKenzie with Betty Ngurrabangurraba, Betty Meehan and Rhys Jones Deborah Rose Rak Badjalarr: Wangga songs for North Peron Island by 259 Bobby Lane, Belyuen Community, Northwest Australia by Allan Marett, Linda Barwick and Lysbeth Ford Mary Eagle The town grew up dancing: the life and art of Wenten 261 Rubuntja by Wenten Rubuntja and Jenny Green with contributions from Tim Rowse Andrée Rosenfeld A cosmos in stone: interpreting religion and society 265 through rock art by J. David Lewis-Williams K McCaul Broken Song: TGH Strehlow and aboriginal possession by 267 Barry Hill Michael O’Connor Nhanda villages of the Victoria District, Western Australia 271 by Rupert Gerritsen Val Attenbrow Aboriginal Sydney: a guide to important places of the past 274 and present by Melinda Hinkson, with photography by Alana Harris Alan Atkinson George Barrington’s voyage to Botany Bay: retelling a 275 convict’s travel narrative of the 1790s edited by Suzanne Rickard Terry Crowley Forty years on: Ken Hale and Australian languages edited 276 by Jane Simpson, David Nash, Mary Laughren, Peter Austin and Barry Alpher Edward Ryan The Black Lords of summer by Ashley Mallett 278 Tom Blake Goodbye Bussamarai: the Mandandanji Land War, 279 Southern Queensland 1842–1852 by Patrick Collins Doug Marmion ‘Under a bilari tree I born’: the story of Alica Bilari Smith 281 by Alice Bilari Smith Gordon Briscoe Indigenous cultures in an interconnected world, Claire 282 Smith & Graeme K Ward (eds) Preface Making peace with the past: remembering the Coniston massacre 1928–2003 The events that occurred on Coniston Station in late 1928 are not well known to the broader Australian public. Yet for the Aboriginal peoples of the region and for some other Australians the word ‘Coniston’ evokes a sense of dread. For Warlpiri especially the legacy of those terrible weeks endures 75 years later. People still talk of uncles, fathers, grandfathers who were killed along with aunts, mothers and grandmothers. The official enquiry found that 31 were killed. That figure is low; how low we don’t really know. At the time Mounted Constable George Murray was considered a hero by some. He was exonerated by the later Commission of Enquiry as they said he acted in self defence. In truth he acted like a field commander at war — a general in the saddle who fought hand to hand just as he had done at Gallipoli and on the Western Front. He had willing accomplices, including two Aboriginal trackers. (See the article by Wilson and O’Brien in this volume for a detailed examination of these events). Traditional Owners have for many years discussed the need for a commemora- tion, for a ceremony and a service of remembrance of the events at Coniston. The com- munity was not unanimous about this. But on 24 September 2003 senior responsible men and women, with the assistance of the Central Land Council and with the permis- sion of the pastoral lessees of Mt Denison Station, finally conducted such an event. The site chosen was Yurrkuru, or Brooks Soak, named in English for the old dogger and prospector who is buried nearby. It was his murder that brought deadly gunfire upon the culpable and the innocent alike. Men and women, now elderly, who witnessed the events, were at the recent ceremony. Some spoke and some wept. Representatives of the family of George Murray spoke sorrowfully of profound regret and they apologised wholeheartedly. The apology was accepted. The Northern Territory Police were repre- sented and spoke of regret for the harm to all involved. Community members, young and old, spoke in language and in English about the past but mostly about the future. After the speeches the senior women danced and, by the side of the road, a plaque was unveiled. Then the kids mobbed the stonemason as he tried to get on with his work on the plaque, getting it just right. *** vi ABORIGINAL HISTORY 2003 VOL 27 The text reads: In 1928 near this place the murder of Frederick Brooks led to the killing of many innocent Aboriginal people across the region We will remember them always. Nganimparlu kapurnalu-jana manngu-nyanyirni Tarrnngangku-juku Nwern inenhenh kweteth
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