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Revision of Middle Ordovician Orthoceratacean Nautiloids from Baltoscandia

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Revision of Middle Ordovician Orthoceratacean Nautiloids from Baltoscandia Revision of Middle Ordovician orthoceratacean nautiloids from Baltoscandia BJÖRN KRÖGER Kröger, B. 2004. Revision of Middle Ordovician orthoceratacean nautiloids from Baltoscandia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (1): 57–74. The fauna of the Baltoscandic Orthocerataceae is important because it fills a documentary gap between the Lower Ordo− vician fauna of North America and the upper Middle Ordovician fauna of China and North America. A revision of the Orthoceratidae, Geisonoceratidae, and Arionoceratidae is given on a material of more than 450 specimens. Intraspecific and ontogenetic variations were observed. The following new taxa are erected: Plagiostomoceras fragile sp. nov., Archigeisonoceras repplingense sp. nov., Archigeisonoceras picus sp. nov. Archigeisonoceras folkeslundense sp. nov., Nilssonoceras latisiphonatum gen. et sp. nov., Kinnekulloceras kinnekullense gen. et sp. nov., and Arionoceras lotskirkense sp. nov. The genus Archigeisonoceras is described for the first time in the Baltoscandic area and the oldest occurrence of the genus Arionoceras is documented from the Middle Ordovician of Baltoscandia. It is shown that the endosiphuncular deposits of the Middle Ordovician orthoceratacaceans are highly variable and widespread in the apical parts of the phragmocone. Key words: Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea, Orthoceratacea, Ordovician, Baltoscandia. Björn Kröger [[email protected]],Geologisch−Paläontologisches Institut und Museum,Universität Hamburg,Bunde − sstr. 55, D−20146 Hamburg, Germany. Introduction Mutvei (1982), of the Siljan District of Dalarna by Jaanusson (1965a), and of Östergotland and Närke by Tjernvik (1956). The Baltoscandic Orthoceratite Limestone is a thinly bedded Information on the stratigraphical zonation and origin of limestone or calcareous shale which is in parts extremely rich the erratics of northern Poland and northern Germany were in macrofossils. Nautiloids are diverse and common in the given by, e.g., Remelé (1883), Gottsche (1877), Jentzsch limestone. After trilobites they are a dominant element of the (1880), Noetling (1882), Neben and Krueger (1971), and preserved macrofauna. The name Orthoceratite Limestone Hucke and Voigt (1967). A complex history of stratigraphi− (“Orthoceratitenkalk” of Hisinger 1828), refers to its macro− cal division and lithological classification caused usage of faunal characteristics. But it refers not to Orthoceras sensu different terms for stratigraphical units in Baltoscandia. Fig. stricto but to the term “orthoceraconic”, which includes not 1 gives a comparison of the usual terms of classification of only Orthoceras in its recent restricted meaning but also the Orthoceratite Limestone. endoceratids and actinoceratids (see Jaanusson and Mutvei Some typical nautiloids of the Orthoceratite Limestone 1955). Orthoceratite Limestone is the autochthon shallow are among the few paleontological objects that were de− water carbonate of the Baltoscandic Ordovician. It was de− scribed in pre−Linnéan time. Breynius (1732) used the name posited in an epicontinental area south−east of the Cale− Orthoceras in his discussion of fossils obtained from glacial donides between the late Tremadoc and the early Caradoc. boulders near Gdańsk (Poland). Despite the complex and The average rate of deposition of the limestones and shales confusing later history of the terms Orthoceras, Orthoceros, was extremely low and the sequences were subdivided by and Orthoceratites (see Troedsson 1931; Teichert and Miller numerous sedimentation breaks, erosion and omission hori− 1936; Teichert and Miller 1938; Sweet 1964), and the zons. The deposits rarely exceed a total thickness of more restricted recent meaning of the type species, Orthoceras than 150 m (Jaanusson 1982a). The sediments of the Ortho− regulare Schlotheim, 1820, “Orthoceras” is the popular syn− ceratite Limestone are exposed in several outcrops in north− onym for the most characteristic element of the macrofauna ern Sweden (Jämtland), in central and southern Sweden of the Orthoceratite Limestone, the orthoconic nautiloids. (Dalarna, Öster−Västergötland, Närke, and Öland), and in the The interest in these fossils in the 18th and 19th centuries was Pleistocene erratics in northern Germany and northern Po− high. In Sweden, Wahlenberg (1818) and Hisinger (1837) land. Detailed studies of the sedimentation history and the were the first to describe the Ordovician nautiloids. They de− micro− and macrofaunal distribution of Jämtland were given scribed and illustrated not single genotypes but form types of by Jaanusson et al. (1982), of Västergötland by Jaanusson typical nautiloids. Some of the material is preserved at the (1965a, b), of Öland by Jaanusson (1960), Jaanusson and Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm and at the Paleon− Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 49 (1): 57–74, 2004 http://app.pan.pl/acta49/app49−057.pdf 58 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 49 (1), 2004 tologiska Institutionen, Uppsala Universitet. The Ordovician Great Balto- North Orthoceratite Limestone fauna of the erratic boulders of Germany and Poland, which Britain scandia America originated from the Baltic Orthoceratite Limestone was de− Bio- Litho- scribed by Schlotheim (1820) and Boll (1857). Boll’s collec− Series Stages stratigraphy stratigraphy Stages Moberg 1890 Jaanusson 1960 tion is fortunately preserved at the regional Müritz Museum Jaanusson 1960 of Waren / Mecklenburg (Germany). Dalby L. A second generation of scientists studying fossils of the Caradoc Kukruse Furudal L. Orthoceratite Limestone in Sweden were Angelin and Lind− Illaenus Chazy ström (1880) and Holm (1885, 1891). Their collections are Uhaku crassicauda Folkeslunda L. stored for the most part in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Lasna- Illaenus Seby L. Stockholm. In Germany Dewitz (1879, 1880), Remelé mägi schroeteri Llanvirn Skärlöv L. (1880, 1882, 1883), Rüdiger (1889) and others published im− Asaphus Aseri portant studies. A major collection of cephalopods of the platyurus Segerstad L. Orthoceratite Limestone is preserved at the Naturkunde− Endoceras Holen L. Whiterock museum in Berlin. Barrande (1865–1877) illustrated and Kunda vaginatum Asaphus mentioned some Baltic cephalopods from what he called lepidurus Lanna L. “regio asaphorum”. Barrande’s type species are housed in Volkhov Ptychopyge the Národní Museum in Prague (Czech Republic). In the Arenig limbata twentieth century little descriptive work was done on the Megalaspis Latorp Latorp L. Beekmantown cephalopods of the Orthoceratite Limestone. Troedsson planilimbata (1931, 1932) very carefully studied some orthoceratids of the upper parts of the Orthoceratite Limestone. Neben and Fig. 1. Subdivision and stratigraphical correlation of the Orthoceratite Lime− Krueger (1971) illustrated a collection of some Ordovician stone (L., Limestone). cephalopods from the erratic boulders of northern Germany, and Dzik (1984) described and illustrated some Ordovician nautiloids of erratic boulders in Poland. In 1999 King pub− lished a short review of the Middle Ordovician nautiloids Material and methods from Sweden. Recently Mutvei (2002) has studied the struc− ture of the septal neck and connecting ring structures of some The investigated nautiloids are housed in the Naturhistoriska Middle Ordovician orthoceratids but did not discuss the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden (NRM), the Naturkunde− status of the material at lower taxonomic levels. museum Berlin, Germany (NMB), the Geologisch−Paläontolo− From this short listing of studies on the nautiloids of the gisches Institut und Museum, Univerität Hamburg, Germany Baltoscandic Orthoceratite Limestone it will be evident that (GIH), the Boll collection in the Müritz Museum Waren, Ger− the main work on this topic was done in the late 19th century. many (MMW), the Eiszeitmuseum Schleswig−Holstein, The taxa appear to be described sufficiently in the excellent Stolpe, Germany (ES), and the Institut für Geologische publications of that time. But as repeatedly mentioned the tax− Wissenschaften, Ernst−Moritz−Arndt−Universität Greifswald, onomic status of many forms was not clear until now and an Germany (GIG). The Material of the NRM was repeatedly extensive revision of the described taxa is required (see e.g., studied by former students who gave the nautiloids provisional Jaanusson and Mutvei 1955; Dzik 1984; King 1999). In the names (nomina nuda). But no manuscript was found on the paleontological collections of institutions in northern Ger− taxonomical attempts on the Orthoceratacea of the Ortho− many (e.g., Paläontologisches Institut und Museum Hamburg, ceratite Limestone. Two of the researchers who worked on Eiszeitmuseum Schleswig−Holstein, Müritz Museum Waren/ these specimens were Troedsson and Holm. The Middle Ordo− Mecklenburg, Paläontologisches Institut der Universität vician Orthoceratacea of the Barrandian were studied at the Greifswald, Naturkundemuseum Berlin) and in Sweden (e.g., National Museum in Prague in order to compare them with the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm) many hundreds of Baltoscandic cephalopods. Almost 450 orthocerataceans have specimens are housed, enough for statistical investigations on been investigated. Fifty−seven of them were cut and polished in the variance of the traits of the stated taxa and to establish new order to investigate the inner structures of the phragmocone. taxa. It is surprising that this work has not been carried out The nautiloids were described using some quantitative since the late 19th century. measurements: (1) The apical angle of the conch (a) is given
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