Swana Technical Assistance Program Study
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SWANA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STUDY FINAL REPORT BOROUGH OF WEST HOMESTEAD, PENNSYLVANIA RECYCLING DROP-OFF IMPLEMENTATION 2008 Prepared by: The Pennsylvania Resources Council Western Regional Office 64 S. 14 th Street Pittsburgh, PA 15203 www.prc.org Borough of West Homestead – SWANA Recycling Technical Assistance Program 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary…………………………………………….. 3 Background Information…………………………………….….. 5 Borough Information…………………………………………… 8 Recycling Drop-off Site Locations………………………….….. 9 Selecting Collection Containers………………………….……..11 Selection of Acceptable Materials……………………..….…….13 List of Local Recycling Haulers/Vendors ……………….……..14 Recycling Education ………..………………………………….16 Abbreviated Cost-Benefit Evaluation ………………………….17 Final Recommendations …………………………………...…..19 Appendices ……………………………………………………..21 2 Borough of West Homestead – SWANA Recycling Technical Assistance Program 2008 Executive Summary The Borough of West Homestead, PA is a non-mandated community as defined in PA Act 101. However, as is the case with many non-mandated communities, the Borough is interested in providing recycling options to its residents and therefore wants to explore the possibility of establishing two (2) permanent recycling drop-offs within the Borough. The selection of the recyclable materials collected at the proposed sites would be market driven and also will be determined to best meet the needs of the Borough and its residents. Through the SWANA Recycling Technical Assistance Program (TAP) the PA Resources Council (PRC) was engaged to work with Borough and Planning Commission representatives to develop a feasibility study addressing the issues surrounding designing, establishing, and operating a recycling drop-off program. The locations suggested by Borough representatives for the drop-offs were in the parking lot behind the Borough Building and Police Station at 456 West Eighth Avenue and the parking area across the street from Calhoun Community Park, Fieldstone Drive (see photos and maps in Appendix 1). The PA Resources Council (PRC), with input from representatives from West Homestead Borough and Planning Commission representatives, developed the following study and recommendations. Scope of Work After preliminary meetings with Brian Barefoot, Planning Commission Member and primary Borough contact, PRC developed the following Scope of Work for the project: 1) Meet with the designated Borough representative(s) to gather background information, visit proposed drop-off sites, and determine which materials will be accepted at drop-off locations. 2) Research, price, and recommend suitable collection containers. 3) Contact local recycling haulers/vendors to determine which best suits the needs of the Borough. 4) Determine whether the Borough or hauler will be responsible for servicing the drop-offs. 5) Conduct an abbreviated cost-benefit evaluation of the current trash collection program versus the proposed recycling drop-off program. 6) Examine potential funding streams and make recommendations. 7) Complete final report. Specifically, PRC examined viable options for determining: Site location(s) Site security precautions Types of materials to accept Contamination issues Collection equipment Associated costs Collection methods and responsibilities 3 Borough of West Homestead – SWANA Recycling Technical Assistance Program 2008 Potential recycling haulers and vendors Recycling education Available recycling markets Cost-benefit review of current collection program versus drop-off recycling program Potential funding streams 4 Borough of West Homestead – SWANA Recycling Technical Assistance Program 2008 Background Information Why Recycle? Economic Benefits Implementing a recycling program can: • Save solid waste disposal, collection, and transportation costs • Generate revenues from the sale of recyclables • Create jobs • Lessen your environmental footprint Environmental Benefits • Recycling saves landfill space, preserves resources, conserves energy, reduces air pollution, and saves water. Preliminary Program Planning Designate a Recycling Coordinator Appoint a recycling coordinator to orchestrate the various program components. While a full- time coordinator will be the most effective, that option is not always possible. If you can't afford to hire someone full-time, consider either hiring part-time staff, appointing a program administrator or public works employee, or recruiting a dedicated volunteer. Survey Present Solid Waste Operations Is solid waste currently being collected by the public works department, a solid waste hauler contracted by the local government, or by haulers who contract with individual households? Determine how much solid waste is currently collected by checking municipal records. Then figure out how much solid waste can be recycled by conducting a waste characterization study. Be sure to factor in the types and amounts of recyclables already being collected by scout troops, commercial buy-back operations, and fundraising drives. Locate Materials Market To determine the availability of recycling markets, check the phonebook (under recycling centers/services), check the PA Department of Environmental Protection’s website, contact the County Recycling Coordinator, and consult local waste/recycling haulers/processors. Evaluate Collection Methods Are drop-off sites or a curbside program (or a combination of both systems) better for your community? Recycling drop-off sites are usually utilized in areas where individual household collection is impractical and cost savings are important. Some advantages of drop-off sites are low capital costs, ease in collecting more categories of materials than with curbside collection, little or no staffing is required, and they can be open 24 hours a day. However, drop-offs are less convenient than curbside (resulting in a lower volume recovered), recyclables can be contaminated with unacceptable items, they are vulnerable to theft, vandalism and litter, and can become unsightly if not adequately serviced. 5 Borough of West Homestead – SWANA Recycling Technical Assistance Program 2008 Select Collection Method Choose a method of collection based upon monetary constraints, equipment needed, staff resources, and housing density. Examine similar local governments' recycling programs to determine if their methods would suit your situation. Define Equipment Requirements Is your current equipment inventory adequate or is additional machinery is needed? Consider retrofitting existing vehicles, trailers, and dumpsters. Find out what similar municipalities are using. Conduct An Economic Analysis Determine the costs of each collection method/program and assess current funding availability. Consider alternative funding mechanisms. Consult the PA DEP for guidance/resources regarding full-cost determination, and remember to factor in solid waste cost savings and anticipated revenues from the sale of recyclables. Consider Regional Recycling Contact other local municipal recycling coordinators and talk to your neighboring communities about establishing a regional recycling program. Benefits include: • Market leverage due to larger volumes • Lower equipment and labor costs • Decreased transportation costs • Reduced administrative costs • Higher market prices for greater volumes of recyclables Program Design Identify Your Markets Your markets determine how materials are collected. For example, glass, plastic, and steel markets may or may not accept labels on containers they receive; some paper stock dealers accept colored/shiny advertising inserts with newspapers, and some don't. Find out how the markets want materials prepared, such as: • Baled or loose • Crushed or densified • Granulated or whole • Mixed or separated Keep in mind there are more marketing options with higher quality materials. Arrange for shipment to market either by your local government, a recycling collection service or processor, or see if the market will pick up the materials. Drop-off Site Design Factors Drop-off centers should be located in areas convenient to program participants. Design factors should include: • Accessible, secure and visible locations • Weather protection • Adequate storage space • Collection vehicle access 6 Borough of West Homestead – SWANA Recycling Technical Assistance Program 2008 • Organized traffic flow • An attractive, clean site Private vs. Public Collection Many local governments are choosing to contract solid waste management services. To help you decide whether to exercise this option, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public versus private collection with local governments experienced with this issue. You can also obtain a free publication from the EPA called Public-Private Partnerships for Environmental Facilities: A Self-Help Guide For Local Government. It describes the benefits of working with the private sector and how to develop innovative financing approaches through public-private relationships. Program Operations When implementing your system, anticipate problems and determine mechanisms to address the issues. Design the system to be flexible enough to adapt to unforeseen circumstances. Program Monitoring and Evaluation Keep accurate and complete records of all activities, including amounts of materials recovered, revenues and costs, problems with collection, processing, or markets, and complaints by the public and staff members. Analyze program records to ascertain if: • The collection method is reliable • More education/publicity is needed •