DOCSLIB.ORG

The Maritime Archaeology of a Modern Conflict: Volume Two Innes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Maritime Archaeology of a Modern Conflict: Comparing the Archaeology of German Submarine Wrecks to the Historical Text Volume Two Innes McCartney PhD by Thesis Bournemouth University October 2013 1 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. 2 List of Contents Volume Two References ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Primary Sources ........................................................................................................................ 8 Official Published Histories .................................................................................................... 37 Biographies and Autobiographies ........................................................................................... 39 Journal Articles and Papers ..................................................................................................... 39 Secondary Sources .................................................................................................................. 41 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 45 Primary Sources ...................................................................................................................... 45 Official Published Histories .................................................................................................... 66 Biographies and Autobiographies ........................................................................................... 67 Journal Articles and Papers ..................................................................................................... 68 Secondary Sources .................................................................................................................. 71 Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 77 Appendix 1.1 World War One U-Boats Which Might Have Been Lost in the Study Area ........ 78 UC19 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UB29 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UC18 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UC68 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UB36 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UB32 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UC72 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UC21 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UB18 ................................................................................................................................... 79 U109 .................................................................................................................................... 79 UC50 ................................................................................................................................... 80 UB54 ................................................................................................................................... 80 3 UC78 ................................................................................................................................... 80 UC77 ................................................................................................................................... 80 UB103 ................................................................................................................................. 80 Appendix 1.2 The 1919 List of the 37 U-Boat Losses in the Study Area During World War One (with corrections due to typographic errors) ............................................................................... 81 Appendix 1.3 The Identity and Location of World War One U-Boat Wrecks as Known When Initially Researched .................................................................................................................... 83 Appendix 1.4 The List of 35 World War One U-Boat Losses in the Study Area as Revised in 2013 as Result of Research Carried Out For This Thesis ........................................................... 84 Appendix 1.5 ASW Attacks During World War One in the Study Area as Derived From ASD and Admiralty Sources (as listed) ............................................................................................... 85 Appendix 1.6 The Means of Destruction of U-Boats as Understood in 1919 and 2013 ............. 98 Appendix 1.7 UC69 and the Salvaged U-boats .......................................................................... 99 UB26 ................................................................................................................................... 99 UC61 ................................................................................................................................... 99 UC69 ................................................................................................................................... 99 Appendix 2.1 World War Two U-Boats Which Might Have Been Lost in the Study Area ..... 100 U740 .................................................................................................................................. 100 U927 .................................................................................................................................. 100 U1055 ................................................................................................................................ 100 U246/U1169 ...................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix 2.2 The 1946 List of the 31 U-Boat Losses in the Study Area During World War Two (with corrections due to typographic errors) ............................................................................. 101 Appendix 2.3 The Identity and Location of World War Two U-Boat Wrecks as Known When Initially Researched .................................................................................................................. 104 Appendix 2.4 The List of World War Two U-Boat Losses in the Study Area as Revised in 2012 as Result of Research Carried Out For This Thesis .................................................................. 105 Appendix 2.5 ASW Attacks During the Inshore Campaign in the Study Area as Derived From AUD and Admiralty Sources (as listed) ................................................................................... 106 AUD Assessments (132 records) ...................................................................................... 106 AUD Incidents (283 records) ............................................................................................ 110 4 ASW Incidents in the Daily Admiralty Diary (418 records) ............................................ 120 Appendix 2.6 U-Boats Being Tracked by OIC on the Patrol on Which They Were Sunk ....... 132 Appendix 2.7 The Circumstances of U-Boat Losses as Known in 1946 and 2012 .................. 133 Appendix 2.8 The Means of Detection and Destruction of U-Boat Losses as Known in 1946 and 2012 .......................................................................................................................................... 134 Glossary .................................................................................................................................... 135 5 List of Illustrations Volume Two Figure 2.1. Map showing the positions of the 31 U-boats listed sunk in the study area in 1946, with typographical errors corrected by the author in 2012 ...................................................... 102 6 List of Tables Volume Two Table 2.1. The 1919 List from the final edition of the “Submarines Losses Return” ................ 81 Table 2.2. The location of WW1 U-boat wrecks as known when initially researched .............. 83 Table 2.3. The list of 36 WW1 U-boat losses in the study area as revised in 2013 ................... 84 Table 2.4. ASD Assessments as listed in CB01292 and cumulative editions ............................ 85 Table 2.5. Dover Patrol Records as listed in the Dover Packs .................................................... 92 Table 2.6. The Dover Patrol and ASD Records which could not be plotted in GIS .................. 94 Table 2.7. The Means of Destruction of U-boats as known in 1919 and 2013 .......................... 98 Table 2.8. The positions of the 31 U-boats in the 1946 List with corrections .......................... 103 Table 2.9. The WW2 U-boat wrecks as known when originally researched ...........................
Recommended publications
  • Hmcs Ottawa Ncsm Ottawa

    Hmcs Ottawa Ncsm Ottawa

    A-AD-267-000/AF-002 HMCS OTTAWA NCSM OTTAWA BADGE INSIGNE Description Description Gules a bend wavy Argent charged with two cotises De gueules, une bande ondée d'argent barrée de deux wavy Azure over all a beaver Or the sinister forepaw cotices ondées d'azur, brochant le tout un castor d'or, resting on a log of silver birch proper. la patte en senestre reposant sur une bûche de bouleau argenté au naturel. Significance Signification The design is derived from the unofficial pre-war and Ces armoiries sont dérivées de l'insigne non officielles war-time badge of Ottawa, a beaver on a log of wood. portées par le Ottawa avant et pendant la guerre : un The white and blue wavy bend represents the Ottawa castor sur une bûche. La bande ondée blanche et bleue River after which the ship is named. The red field is représente la rivière des Outaouais d'ou origine le nom intended to refer to those Outaouais or Ottawans who du navire. Le champ rouge se rapporte aux travelled this river and from whom the name was Amérindiens (Peaux-rouges), les Outaouais ou Ottawas derived. qui, empruntant le cours d'eau pour la navigation, ont baptisé la rivière. MOTTO DEVISE EGOR BEOFOR (Ocean beaver) EGOR BEOFOR (Castor de l'océan) 2-73 A-AD-267-000/AF-002 COLOURS COULEURS Red and White Rouge et blanc Note Nota Normal heraldic colours, the principal colours in the badge, would be Les couleurs héraldiques normales, les principales couleurs de gold and red, but the official Colours of Canada, white and red, are l'insigne, devraient être l'or et le rouge; mais les couleurs officielles used instead because the capital of Canada lies on the Ottawa River.
  • The Semaphore Circular No 679 the Beating Heart of the RNA May 2018

    The Semaphore Circular No 679 the Beating Heart of the RNA May 2018

    The Semaphore Circular No 679 The Beating Heart of the RNA May 2018 HMS Trenchant surfaced at the North Pole during a recent ‘ICEX18’. She surfaced 5 times during the exercise and laid wreaths to commemorate the deaths of two shipmates killed in an accident in HMS TIRELESS during the last ICEX. On a lighter note they also played a game of cricket, with a polar bear sentry looking out from the bridge! This edition is the on-line version of the Semaphore Circular, unless you have registered with Central Office, it will only be available on the RNA website in the ‘Members Area’ under ‘downloads’ at www.royal-naval-association.co.uk and will be emailed to the branch contact, usually the Hon Sec 1 Daily Orders (follow each link) Orders [follow each link] 1. 2018 Dublin Conference 2. Finance Corner 3. RNVC Surgeon William Job Maillard VC 4. Joke – Golfing 5. Charity Donations 6. Guess Where 7. Branch and Recruitment and Retention Advisor 8. Conference 2019 – Wyboston Lakes 9. Veterans Gateway and Preserved Pensions 10. Assistance Request Please 11. HMS Gurkha Assistance 12. Can you Assist – HMS Arethusa 13. RNAS Yeovilton Air Day 14. HMS Collingwood Open Day 15. HMS Bristol EGM 16. Association of Wrens NSM Visit 17. Pembroke House Annual Garden Party 18. Joke – Small Cricket Glossary of terms NCM National Council Member NC National Council AMC Association Management Committee FAC Finance Administration Committee NCh National Chairman NVCh National Vice Chairman NP National President DNP Deputy National President GS General Secretary DGS Deputy
  • Master Narrative Ours Is the Epic Story of the Royal Navy, Its Impact on Britain and the World from Its Origins in 625 A.D

    Master Narrative Ours Is the Epic Story of the Royal Navy, Its Impact on Britain and the World from Its Origins in 625 A.D

    NMRN Master Narrative Ours is the epic story of the Royal Navy, its impact on Britain and the world from its origins in 625 A.D. to the present day. We will tell this emotionally-coloured and nuanced story, one of triumph and achievement as well as failure and muddle, through four key themes:- People. We tell the story of the Royal Navy’s people. We examine the qualities that distinguish people serving at sea: courage, loyalty and sacrifice but also incidents of ignorance, cruelty and cowardice. We trace the changes from the amateur ‘soldiers at sea’, through the professionalization of officers and then ships’ companies, onto the ‘citizen sailors’ who fought the World Wars and finally to today’s small, elite force of men and women. We highlight the change as people are rewarded in war with personal profit and prize money but then dispensed with in peace, to the different kind of recognition given to salaried public servants. Increasingly the people’s story becomes one of highly trained specialists, often serving in branches with strong corporate identities: the Royal Marines, the Submarine Service and the Fleet Air Arm. We will examine these identities and the Royal Navy’s unique camaraderie, characterised by simultaneous loyalties to ship, trade, branch, service and comrades. Purpose. We tell the story of the Royal Navy’s roles in the past, and explain its purpose today. Using examples of what the service did and continues to do, we show how for centuries it was the pre-eminent agent of first the British Crown and then of state policy throughout the world.
  • The Gommunigator

    The Gommunigator

    e(s yb :- ::-: ' -a'+===--:-:: THE GOMMUNIGATOR FieldMarshal, The Lotd Maior-Gelerat, The ViscoEnt Eardtng of Petherton Moncktoa of Erencbley .Es a mernber of the Services liable to constant moves, you have a greater than average need for the professional co-ordination of your afrairs. Sausmarez Carey & Harris are a group of experts who between them have experience in all aspects of financial planning for the individual. They are able to assess the overall situation, taking into account financial and family background. They then proceed to advise on future overall strategy aimed at achieving most effi,ciently and economically these objectives. If you would like to establish a notional btueprint of your overdl position, and plan successfully and flexibly for the future, we are will profit frorn a ::ilil\?i,[o" SAUSMAREZ GANDY& HANRIS IIMITEID 419 Oxford Street, WlR ?llP. tel: 0I-499 7000 65 London \tr/all, EC2M 5UA. tel : 0I -499 7000 - lipecialists in Investment, Personal Portfolio Manaqement, Estate Dut'7 an'J Tax 1,1-:l r-:. :. --.i .:-:,. -r .:.1 Mortgaqes, Loans, Pensicns, General Insurance, Overseas Investment arl T..:.:=.:--:- l:-s:s. THE COMMUNICATOR PUBLISHED AT HMS 'MERCURY' The Magazine of the Communications Branch, Royal Navy ani the Royal Naval Amateur Radio Society SPRING-SUMMER 1974 VOL 22, No'l Price: 25p. post free CONT ENT S paSe pugc E orroRrnr I Monsr ,qllo \lonsr TRarNrNc il CaprerN R. D. FReN<Lrr, nu 1 Wcro Pi,nr ll RouNo rnp Wonlo RacE 4 \4ror l\4aro lll 11 SpRlNc Cnosswono 6 GorNc rHe RouxDS rN MEncuRy 12 WrrerevER F{,a,ppEtr;o ro COA'l 1 Flr.r.r Sccrrox l9 RN Auerr,un R.eoto Socrerv 8 Cora,vl sstoNINC Fonrr'lsr 40 Lr,rrr.Rs ro t{E EorroR 8 Pt:.lu p ++,1 / BrRt'.trNculu RNR l0 CoivvuNicATioNS G tzettr.
  • Coastal Command in the Second World War

    Coastal Command in the Second World War

    AIR POWER REVIEW VOL 21 NO 1 COASTAL COMMAND IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR By Professor John Buckley Biography: John Buckley is Professor of Military History at the University of Wolverhampton, UK. His books include The RAF and Trade Defence 1919-1945 (1995), Air Power in the Age of Total War (1999) and Monty’s Men: The British Army 1944-5 (2013). His history of the RAF (co-authored with Paul Beaver) will be published by Oxford University Press in 2018. Abstract: From 1939 to 1945 RAF Coastal Command played a crucial role in maintaining Britain’s maritime communications, thus securing the United Kingdom’s ability to wage war against the Axis powers in Europe. Its primary role was in confronting the German U-boat menace, particularly in the 1940-41 period when Britain came closest to losing the Battle of the Atlantic and with it the war. The importance of air power in the war against the U-boat was amply demonstrated when the closing of the Mid-Atlantic Air Gap in 1943 by Coastal Command aircraft effectively brought victory in the Atlantic campaign. Coastal Command also played a vital role in combating the German surface navy and, in the later stages of the war, in attacking Germany’s maritime links with Scandinavia. Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors concerned, not necessarily the MOD. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without prior permission in writing from the Editor. 178 COASTAL COMMAND IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR introduction n March 2004, almost sixty years after the end of the Second World War, RAF ICoastal Command finally received its first national monument which was unveiled at Westminster Abbey as a tribute to the many casualties endured by the Command during the War.
  • The Third Battle

    The Third Battle

    NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT PAPERS 16 The Third Battle Innovation in the U.S. Navy's Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarines N ES AV T A A L T W S A D R E C T I O N L L U E E G H E T R I VI IBU OR A S CT MARI VI Owen R. Cote, Jr. Associate Director, MIT Security Studies Program The Third Battle Innovation in the U.S. Navy’s Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarines Owen R. Cote, Jr. Associate Director, MIT Security Studies Program NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Newport, Rhode Island Naval War College The Newport Papers are extended research projects that the Newport, Rhode Island Editor, the Dean of Naval Warfare Studies, and the Center for Naval Warfare Studies President of the Naval War College consider of particular Newport Paper Number Sixteen interest to policy makers, scholars, and analysts. Candidates 2003 for publication are considered by an editorial board under the auspices of the Dean of Naval Warfare Studies. President, Naval War College Rear Admiral Rodney P. Rempt, U.S. Navy Published papers are those approved by the Editor of the Press, the Dean of Naval Warfare Studies, and the President Provost, Naval War College Professor James F. Giblin of the Naval War College. Dean of Naval Warfare Studies The views expressed in The Newport Papers are those of the Professor Alberto R. Coll authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy. Naval War College Press Editor: Professor Catherine McArdle Kelleher Correspondence concerning The Newport Papers may be Managing Editor: Pelham G.
  • 1/23/2019 Sheet1 Page 1 Date Ship Hull Number Port Notes 31-Dec

    1/23/2019 Sheet1 Page 1 Date Ship Hull Number Port Notes 31-Dec

    Sheet1 1/23/2019 Date Ship Hull Number Port Notes 31-Dec-18 USNS Cesar Chavez T-AKE 14 Sembawang 31-Dec-18 USCGC William R Flores WPC 1103 Miami 31-Dec-18 USCGC Skipjack WPB 87353 Intracoastal City 31-Dec-18 USCGC Sanibel WPB 1312 Woods Hole 31-Dec-18 USCGC Resolute WMEC 620 St Petersburg FL 31-Dec-18 USCGC Oliver Berry WPC 1124 Honolulu 31-Dec-18 USCGC Flyingfish WPB 87346 Little Creek 31-Dec-18 USCGC Donald Horsley WPC 1127 San Juan 31-Dec-18 USCGC Bailey Barco WPC 1122 Ketchikan 31-Dec-18 USAV Missionary Ridge LCU 2028 Norfolk 31-Dec-18 USAV Hormigueros LCU 2024 Kuwait 31-Dec-18 MV Cape Hudson T-AKR 5066 Pearl Harbor 31-Dec-18 INS Nirupak J 20 Kochi 31-Dec-18 INS Kuthar P 46 Visakhapatnam 31-Dec-18 HNLMS Urania Y 8050 Drimmelen 31-Dec-18 HNLMS Holland P 840 Amsterdam 31-Dec-18 HMS Argyll F 231 Yokosuka 31-Dec-18 ABPF Cape Leveque Nil Darwin 30-Dec-18 HMCS Ville de Quebec FFH 332 Dubrovnik SNMG2 30-Dec-18 USNS Yano T-AKR 297 Norfolk 30-Dec-18 USNS Trenton T-EPF 5 Taranto 30-Dec-18 USNS Fall River T-EPF 4 Sattahip 30-Dec-18 USNS Catawba T-ATF 168 Jebel Ali 30-Dec-18 USCGC Washington WPB 1331 Guam 30-Dec-18 USCGC Sitkinak WPB 1329 Fort Hancock 30-Dec-18 USCGC Flyingfish WPB 87346 Norfolk 30-Dec-18 USCGC Blue Shark WPB 87360 Everett 30-Dec-18 HNLMS Urk M 861 Zeebrugge 30-Dec-18 HMS Brocklesby M 33 Mina Sulman 30-Dec-18 ABPF Cape Nelson Nil Darwin 29-Dec-18 ESPS Infanta Elena P76 Cartagena Return from patrol 29-Dec-18 RFS Ivan Antonov 601 Baltiysk Maiden Arrival 29-Dec-18 USNS Bowditch T-AGS 62 Guam 29-Dec-18 USNS Amelia Earhart T-AKE 6
  • R:\Bronwyn\DND Pubs\A-AD-267\000-AF-002\Algonquin.Wpd

    R:\Bronwyn\DND Pubs\A-AD-267\000-AF-002\Algonquin.Wpd

    A-AD-267-000/AF-002 HMCS OTTAWA NCSM OTTAWA BADGE INSIGNE Description Description Gules a bend wavy Argent charged with two cotises De gueules, une bande ondée d'argent barrée de deux wavy Azure over all a beaver Or the sinister forepaw cotices ondées d'azur, brochant le tout un castor d'or, resting on a log of silver birch proper. la patte en senestre reposant sur une bûche de bouleau argenté au naturel. Significance Signification The design is derived from the unofficial pre-war and Ces armoiries sont dérivées de l'insigne non officielles war-time badge of Ottawa, a beaver on a log of wood. portées par le Ottawa avant et pendant la guerre : un The white and blue wavy bend represents the Ottawa castor sur une bûche. La bande ondée blanche et bleue River after which the ship is named. The red field is représente la rivière des Outaouais d'ou origine le nom intended to refer to those Outaouais or Ottawans who du navire. Le champ rouge se rapporte aux travelled this river and from whom the name was Amérindiens (Peaux-rouges), les Outaouais ou Ottawas derived. qui, empruntant le cours d'eau pour la navigation, ont baptisé la rivière. MOTTO DEVISE EGOR BEOFOR (Ocean beaver) EGOR BEOFOR (Castor de l'océan) 2-73 A-AD-267-000/AF-002 COLOURS COULEURS Red and White Rouge et blanc Note Nota Normal heraldic colours, the principal colours in the badge, would be Les couleurs héraldiques normales, les principales couleurs de gold and red, but the official Colours of Canada, white and red, are l'insigne, devraient être l'or et le rouge; mais les couleurs officielles used instead because the capital of Canada lies on the Ottawa River.
  • HMS Drake, Church Bay, Rathlin Island

    HMS Drake, Church Bay, Rathlin Island

    Wessex Archaeology HMS Drake, Church Bay, Rathlin Island Undesignated Site Assessment Ref: 53111.02r-2 December 2006 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES IN RELATION TO THE PROTECTION OF WRECKS ACT (1973) HMS DRAKE, CHURCH BAY, RATHLIN ISLAND UNDESIGNATED SITE ASSESSMENT Prepared by: Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park Salisbury Wiltshire SP4 6EB Prepared for: Environment and Heritage Service Built Heritage Directorate Waterman House 5-33 Hill St Belfast BT1 2LA December 2006 Ref: 53111.02r-2 © Wessex Archaeology Limited 2006 Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No.287786 HMS Drake: Undesignated Site Assessment Wessex Archaeology 53111.02r-2 HMS DRAKE, CHURCH BAY, RATHLIN ISLAND UNDESIGNATED SITE ASSESSMENT Ref.: 53111.02r-2 Summary Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Environment and Heritage Service: Built Heritage Directorate, to undertake an Undesignated Site Assessment of the wreck of HMS Drake. The site is located in Church Bay, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland, at latitude 55º 17.1500′ N, longitude 06° 12.4036′ W (WGS 84). The work was undertaken as part of the Contract for Archaeological Services in Relation to the Protection of Wrecks Act (1973). Work was conducted in accordance with a brief that required WA to locate archaeological material, provide an accurate location for the wreck, determine the extent of the seabed remains, identify and characterise the main elements of the site and assess the remains against the non-statutory criteria for designation. Diving operations took place between 28th July and 5th August 2006. In addition to the diver assessment a limited desk-based assessment has been undertaken in order to assist with the interpretation and reporting of the wreck.
  • UNESCO Press Kit

    UNESCO Press Kit

    SAFEGUARDING THE WORLD’S UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE On the Occasion of the Centenary of World War I UNESCO Press Kit Centenary of World War I UNESCO draws attention to the need to protect the submerged heritage of World War I World War I did not only take place in trenches. An important part of the conflict was fought at sea, either on the surface or - and this was a first – under water. The wrecks of ships and submarines that have sunk during the conflict therefore present today an invaluable information source. Their hulls contain a snapshot of history that has not been the subject of sufficient research so far. These wrecks also serve as custodians of the memory of the thousands of people who have lost their lives there. This fragile heritage that lies at the bottom of the oceans now enters the scope of the UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. The Convention designates underwater cultural heritage as “all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 100 years.” From 2014 onwards, ships, cruisers, ocean liners, and destroyers sunk during the war will fall under the scope of the Convention. Also, UNESCO will organize in occasion of the Centenary of the First World War a scientific conference on underwater heritage of WWI to be held in Bruges, Belgium 26-28 June, 2014, with the support of the Government of Flanders. The support of Flanders is given in the framework of the country’s commemorative project ‘The Great War Centenary (2014-18)’, giving tribute to the fact that Flanders was a central battlefield during the war.
  • NAVIGA 14. WELTWETTBEWERB Im Schiffsmodellbau "C" NAVIGA 14Th WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP of Ship Models Section „C“

    NAVIGA 14. WELTWETTBEWERB Im Schiffsmodellbau "C" NAVIGA 14Th WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP of Ship Models Section „C“

    14. MISTROVSTVÍ SVĚTA modelů lodí kategorie "C" NAVIGA 14. WELTWETTBEWERB im Schiffsmodellbau "C" NAVIGA 14th WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP of ship models Section „C“ 20. - 27. 8.2008 Jablonec nad Nisou Czech Republic JURY Hauptschiedsrichter MATYSIK Dieter D-18/A/OS Deutschland NAVIGA Vertreter ŠVORČÍK Vratislav CZ-07/A/OS Tschechien Sekretär: TOMÁŠEK Martin CZ-09/A/OS Tschechien SM ČR Vertreter HANZLÍK Zdeněk CZ-16/A Tschechien Technischer Leiter TOMÁŠEK Zdeněk sen. CZ-02/A/OS Tschechien Kommission Nr. 1 Oberschiedsrichter QUINGER Wolfgang D-21/A Deutschland Schiedsrichter CIRHAN Bohuslav CZ-22/A Tschechien Schiedsrichter Van GELDEREN Martin NL-19/A/OS Holland Sekretär BITNER Aleš Tschechien Kommission Nr. 2 Oberschiedsrichter BONEV Georgi BG-01/A/OS Bulgarien Schiedsrichter TOMÁŠEK Zdeněk CZ-20/A Tschechien Schiedsrichter GIRALDI Giuseppe I-02/A/OS Italien Sekretär HOLAN Otakar CZ-11/B Tschechien Kommission Nr. 3 Oberschiedsrichter NOVAK Jouri UKR-01/A/OS Ukraine Schiedsrichter POZNAŃSKI Maciej PL-19/A/OS Poland Schiedsrichter KALMYKOV Dimitri BY-01/B Weiβrussland Sekretär ŽANTA Štěpán Tschechien Kommission Nr. 4 Oberschiedsrichter MIARKA Miroslaw PL-05/A/OS Poland Schiedsrichter HANUŠKA Ladislav CZ-25/B Tschechien Schiedsrichter CAUTY Jean-Claude F-26/B Frankreich Sekretär KOZDERKA Michal Tschechien Reserve Schiedsrichter BOGDANOV Alexander RU-17/A Russland Hospitant FABJANIC Mladen HR- Croatia C-1 No Name Surname Jun Country Ship Name Type of the Ship Scale Judge1 Judge2 Judge3 Total Score Medal C-1 121 Guosheng ZENG CHN VICTORY Sailing ship 100 100 99 99 298 99,33 GOLD Medal C-1 138 Yuriy KAZILO UKR PALLADA Fregate 100 100 98 100 298 99,33 GOLD Medal C-1 112 Pavel BRABLC CZ VICTORY Sailing ship 100 99 99 96 294 98,00 GOLD Medal C-1 139 Oleksandr MERKUSHEV UKR TRI IERARHA Ship of the line 66 guns 100 98 96 100 294 98,00 GOLD Medal C-1 140 Sergey POSTYKIN UKR ST.
  • Polish Contribution to World War II - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 12/18/15, 12:45 AM Polish Contribution to World War II from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

    Polish Contribution to World War II - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 12/18/15, 12:45 AM Polish Contribution to World War II from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

    Polish contribution to World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 12/18/15, 12:45 AM Polish contribution to World War II From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The European theatre of World War II opened with the German invasion of Poland on Friday September 1, 1939 and the Soviet Polish contribution to World invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939. The Polish Army War II was defeated after more than a month of fighting. After Poland had been overrun, a government-in-exile (headquartered in Britain), armed forces, and an intelligence service were established outside of Poland. These organizations contributed to the Allied effort throughout the war. The Polish Army was recreated in the West, as well as in the East (after the German invasion of the Soviet Union). Poles provided crucial help to the Allies throughout the war, fighting on land, sea and air. Notable was the service of the Polish Air Force, not only in the Allied victory in the Battle of Britain but also the subsequent air war. Polish ground troops The personnel of submarine were present in the North Africa Campaign (siege of Tobruk); ORP Sokół displaying a Jolly the Italian campaign (including the capture of the monastery hill Roger marking, among others, at the Battle of Monte Cassino); and in battles following the the number of sunk or damaged invasion of France (the battle of the Falaise pocket; an airborne ships brigade parachute drop during Operation Market Garden and one division in the Western Allied invasion of Germany). Polish forces in the east, fighting alongside the Red army and under Soviet command, took part in the Soviet offensives across Belarus and Ukraine into Poland, across the Vistula and towards the Oder and then into Berlin.