The Maritime Archaeology of a Modern Conflict: Comparing the Archaeology of German Submarine Wrecks to the Historical Text Volume Two Innes McCartney PhD by Thesis Bournemouth University October 2013 1 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. 2 List of Contents Volume Two References ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Primary Sources ........................................................................................................................ 8 Official Published Histories .................................................................................................... 37 Biographies and Autobiographies ........................................................................................... 39 Journal Articles and Papers ..................................................................................................... 39 Secondary Sources .................................................................................................................. 41 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 45 Primary Sources ...................................................................................................................... 45 Official Published Histories .................................................................................................... 66 Biographies and Autobiographies ........................................................................................... 67 Journal Articles and Papers ..................................................................................................... 68 Secondary Sources .................................................................................................................. 71 Appendices .................................................................................................................................. 77 Appendix 1.1 World War One U-Boats Which Might Have Been Lost in the Study Area ........ 78 UC19 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UB29 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UC18 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UC68 ................................................................................................................................... 78 UB36 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UB32 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UC72 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UC21 ................................................................................................................................... 79 UB18 ................................................................................................................................... 79 U109 .................................................................................................................................... 79 UC50 ................................................................................................................................... 80 UB54 ................................................................................................................................... 80 3 UC78 ................................................................................................................................... 80 UC77 ................................................................................................................................... 80 UB103 ................................................................................................................................. 80 Appendix 1.2 The 1919 List of the 37 U-Boat Losses in the Study Area During World War One (with corrections due to typographic errors) ............................................................................... 81 Appendix 1.3 The Identity and Location of World War One U-Boat Wrecks as Known When Initially Researched .................................................................................................................... 83 Appendix 1.4 The List of 35 World War One U-Boat Losses in the Study Area as Revised in 2013 as Result of Research Carried Out For This Thesis ........................................................... 84 Appendix 1.5 ASW Attacks During World War One in the Study Area as Derived From ASD and Admiralty Sources (as listed) ............................................................................................... 85 Appendix 1.6 The Means of Destruction of U-Boats as Understood in 1919 and 2013 ............. 98 Appendix 1.7 UC69 and the Salvaged U-boats .......................................................................... 99 UB26 ................................................................................................................................... 99 UC61 ................................................................................................................................... 99 UC69 ................................................................................................................................... 99 Appendix 2.1 World War Two U-Boats Which Might Have Been Lost in the Study Area ..... 100 U740 .................................................................................................................................. 100 U927 .................................................................................................................................. 100 U1055 ................................................................................................................................ 100 U246/U1169 ...................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix 2.2 The 1946 List of the 31 U-Boat Losses in the Study Area During World War Two (with corrections due to typographic errors) ............................................................................. 101 Appendix 2.3 The Identity and Location of World War Two U-Boat Wrecks as Known When Initially Researched .................................................................................................................. 104 Appendix 2.4 The List of World War Two U-Boat Losses in the Study Area as Revised in 2012 as Result of Research Carried Out For This Thesis .................................................................. 105 Appendix 2.5 ASW Attacks During the Inshore Campaign in the Study Area as Derived From AUD and Admiralty Sources (as listed) ................................................................................... 106 AUD Assessments (132 records) ...................................................................................... 106 AUD Incidents (283 records) ............................................................................................ 110 4 ASW Incidents in the Daily Admiralty Diary (418 records) ............................................ 120 Appendix 2.6 U-Boats Being Tracked by OIC on the Patrol on Which They Were Sunk ....... 132 Appendix 2.7 The Circumstances of U-Boat Losses as Known in 1946 and 2012 .................. 133 Appendix 2.8 The Means of Detection and Destruction of U-Boat Losses as Known in 1946 and 2012 .......................................................................................................................................... 134 Glossary .................................................................................................................................... 135 5 List of Illustrations Volume Two Figure 2.1. Map showing the positions of the 31 U-boats listed sunk in the study area in 1946, with typographical errors corrected by the author in 2012 ...................................................... 102 6 List of Tables Volume Two Table 2.1. The 1919 List from the final edition of the “Submarines Losses Return” ................ 81 Table 2.2. The location of WW1 U-boat wrecks as known when initially researched .............. 83 Table 2.3. The list of 36 WW1 U-boat losses in the study area as revised in 2013 ................... 84 Table 2.4. ASD Assessments as listed in CB01292 and cumulative editions ............................ 85 Table 2.5. Dover Patrol Records as listed in the Dover Packs .................................................... 92 Table 2.6. The Dover Patrol and ASD Records which could not be plotted in GIS .................. 94 Table 2.7. The Means of Destruction of U-boats as known in 1919 and 2013 .......................... 98 Table 2.8. The positions of the 31 U-boats in the 1946 List with corrections .......................... 103 Table 2.9. The WW2 U-boat wrecks as known when originally researched ...........................