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Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area Management Plan

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Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area Management Plan MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Comprehensive Resource Management Planning Biloxi, MS This Management Plan document was prepared in accordance with the requirements of H.R. 4818 Consolidated Appropriations Act 2005 (Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate); Title VII - Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Act. December 2005 Mississippi. Research and coordination with the Oversight PREFACE Commission and Task Commissions will identify the post- Katrina status of the area’s heritage resources, and help Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the morning of August 29, establish specific priorities for plan implementation. This 2005, battering the landscape and people of coastal information will be incorporated into the strategies designed Mississippi. Katrina’s 145-mph winds and 30-ft storm surge to achieve the Management Plan’s three identified goals of destroyed or made unusable tens of thousands of homes and strengthening a sense of heritage identity, conserving the thousands of businesses. It is estimated that 80 to 90 percent area’s heritage resources and promoting and marketing the of structures were destroyed or heavily damaged in the heritage area. The Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage coastal communities of Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson Area and this Management Plan are needed now more than Counties. Two hundred and thirty deaths have been confirmed ever during this time when the Coast is being remade and in Mississippi as a result of Katrina. there is a real chance that its distinctive qualities could be lost forever. Virtually all of the information presented in this Management Plan was assembled prior to the day Hurricane Katrina While business as usual will not be the norm for many years changed our lives forever. Katrina affected nearly all of the to come, Mississippians affected by Katrina are displaying the heritage resources discussed in this Management Plan, with resilience and self-reliance that have defined their character the most extensive impacts being in the southernmost and shaped their heritage for centuries. Governor Barbour’s counties where numerous resources were seriously damaged Commission on Recovery, Rebuilding and Renewal began work or destroyed. The text of these documents remains largely within weeks of the hurricane’s passage. Many of the unchanged because it would be impossible at this point to members of this Commission and its subcommittees are accommodate post-Katrina plans and observations in any dedicated to defining the cultural, historical, and natural meaningful way. Although the world has changed along the heritage elements that characterize the Mississippi Gulf Coast Mississippi Gulf Coast since the words of the Management Plan National Heritage Area and incorporating them into the were first committed to paper, the Management Plan remains recovery plan in order to retain the area’s culture and relevant to the Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area’s identity. It is essential that the inventory data and the mission of conserving and enhancing the area’s heritage management implementation plan developed and updated for resources by telling its nationally significant story to residents the Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area be and visitors through activities and partnerships that celebrate incorporated into the recovery and rebuilding efforts. the area’s unique history, people, traditions and landscapes. Although many precious people, places, and objects were lost However, in addition to working on the four major components on that August morning, Hurricane Katrina did not destroy the of plan implementation (Management/Administration, Mississippi Gulf Coast or its heritage. While many of our pre- Planning, Marketing/Visitor Services and Implementation Katrina plans will have to be altered, Katrina’s destruction has Grants) in the Year 2006, a great emphasis will be placed on placed a greater emphasis on refining and implementing the identifying and conserving the heritage resources that were goals and tasks discussed in the Management Plan. Rather spared by Katrina and ensuring that heritage-related issues than the end, Katrina represents the most recent chapter in are part of the larger planning process to rebuild Coastal the Mississippi Gulf Coast’s long, distinctive history. -iii- ABBREVIATIONS A.D. Anno Domini B.C. Before Christ BMSM Biloxi Maritime and Seafood Museum Ca Circa CD Compact Disk CEI Coastal Environments, Inc. CRMP Comprehensive Resource Management Planning DVD Digital Video Disk HWY Highway MAC Mississippi Arts Commission MDAH Mississippi Department of Archives and History MDMR Mississippi Department of Marine Resources MGCNHA Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area N North NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NF National Forest NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRHP National Register of Historic Places NWR National Wildlife Refuge SE Southeast SP State Park US United States Vic. Vicinity W West WMA Wildlife Management Area WP Water Park -iv- TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Need for Heritage Area Designation ....................................................................... 1 Trends Threatening Area’s Heritage............................................................................................ 1 MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA.........................................................................3 Historical Overview and Significance........................................................................................... 3 Enabling Legislation..................................................................................................................... 6 Natural and Scenic Resources....................................................................................................... 6 Archaeological Resources ............................................................................................................ 8 Historic Resources...................................................................................................................... 10 Cultural Resources..................................................................................................................... 12 Heritage Area Demographics..................................................................................................... 16 Economic Impact of the National Heritage Area Designation..................................................... 18 PLAN FORMULATION........................................................................................................................20 Planning Process and Public Involvement.................................................................................. 20 Mission....................................................................................................................................... 21 Vision......................................................................................................................................... 21 Goals and Strategies.................................................................................................................. 21 Goals.......................................................................................................................................... 22 Strategies For Goal 1: Strengthen the Sense of Heritage Identity............................................. 22 Strategies for Goal 2: Conserve the Area’s Heritage Resources............................................... 26 Strategies for Goal 3: Develop, Promote, and Market the National Heritage Area................... 29 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION...................................................................................................................31 Governing Entity and Management............................................................................................ 31 Planning Efforts ......................................................................................................................... 31 Allocation of Funds .................................................................................................................... 33 APPENDICES Appendix A: Enabling Legislation.............................................................................................34 Appendix B: Initial Participants In Designation and Development of The Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area.....................................................37 Appendix C: Heritage Resources..............................................................................................40 Appendix D: Additional Research ............................................................................................49 Appendix E: Inventory of The Natural, Cultural, Historical, Archaeological and Recreational Resources of The Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area ......................................................................................................51 -v- -vi- Mississippi Gulf Coast for thousands of years. Communities INTRODUCTION across the six-county region of coastal Mississippi are working in partnership with local governments, property owners, state PURPOSE AND NEED FOR HERITAGE and federal agencies, businesses, and non-profit entities to AREA DESIGNATION
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