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Philanthropy on the Road to Nationhood in Singapore Philanthropy in Asia: Working Paper No View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by IssueLab Philanthropy on the Road to Nationhood in Singapore Philanthropy in Asia: Working Paper No. 1 Roshini Prakash and Pauline Tan acsep: knowledge for good Abstract This paper attempts to address the gap in knowledge on the contributions by philanthropic players to national development in Singapore. Using grounded research, it explores the evolution of giving by individuals, the community and the private sector in Singapore from the end of World War II in 1945 to today. It looks at how each group gives towards prevailing social needs, unexpected events and crises as well as government calls for community support across fve key phases in Singapore’s journey to nationhood. To provide context to the giving, the political and socio-economic situation of each time frame and concurrent government social welfare provisions in each phase are also described. The data collected shows evidence of complementary eforts across the people, public and private sectors over time, from the rebuilding of Singapore after the war to the formation and running of the Singapore Council of Social Service, the Community Chest, Singapore Community Foundation, ethnic self-help groups and various social movements. In the immediate post-war period (1945-1959), all three sectors worked in tandem to rebuild Singapore. In the frst years of independence (1959-1975), the public sector took the lead to build basic social and economic infrastructure with the people and private sectors flling in the gaps. Once Singapore had achieved economic stability, the government corralled the community and corporates to frst unite in (1975-1990) and then initiate support for the underprivileged (1990-2004). In the last decade, there has been clear evidence of civil society taking the lead in advocating for social inclusion with the government responding with strategies that ensure economic growth without compromising the social and emotional well-being of the people. From fghting fres in the kampong to containing the SARS epidemic and from donating trishaw-riding wages to build Nanyang University to emptying one’s piggy bank to help the underprivileged, the sense of community spirit and initiative has been strong and enduring in Singapore since the end of World War II. Philanthropy has been both responsive and transformative, transcending time, age, social status and circumstance. About the Authors Roshini Prakash Roshini Prakash is a research associate with ACSEP. In 2015, she wrote Changing Lives with the Gift of Water, Lien AID: Enabling the Rural Poor to Protect Their Health for The Centre for Asian Philanthropy and Society’s case book on excellent Asia-based nonproft organisations and social enterprises. The year before, she co-authored two papers on social enterprise in Singapore – Landscape of Social Enterprises in Singapore, Social Entrepreneurship in Asia: Working Paper No. 1 with Pauline Tan and Finding a Common Language for Social Enterprises in Singapore, Social Entrepreneurship in Asia: Working Paper No. 3 with Lam Swee Sum and Pauline Tan. Roshini also advises student teams from the NUS Business School on their consulting assignments with nonproft organisations in Singapore and India on themes ranging from strategic development, volunteer management and impact evaluation to leadership. Her research interests are in social enterprise policy, impact evaluation and philanthropy models across Asia. Email: [email protected] Pauline Tan Pauline Tan is a consultant with ACSEP and the founder of Soristic, a social impact consultancy. She has co- authored several publications, including Innovation in Asian Philanthropy, Entrepreneurial Social Finance in Asia: Working Paper No. 2 in 2013 which was followed by Landscape of Social Enterprises in Singapore, Social Entrepreneurship in Asia: Working Paper No. 1 and Finding a Common Language for Social Enterprises in Singapore, Social Entrepreneurship in Asia: Working Paper No. 3 in 2014. Between 2012 and 2014, she was responsible for evaluating and shortlisting charities for the Charity Governance Award. She also assisted in teaching the MBA class Managing and Improving Performance of Social Organisations in 2013 and 2014. Her research interests are in impact evaluation, fnancial inclusion, poverty, social entrepreneurship and philanthropy. Prior to joining the social sector, Pauline spent over nine years in the fnancial industry where she holds CFA and CAIA designations. Email: [email protected] ACSEP The Asia Centre for Social Entrepreneurship and Philanthropy (ACSEP) is an academic research centre at the National University of Singapore (NUS) Business School, stafed by an international multi-disciplinary research team. Formally established in April 2011, the Centre has embraced a geographic focus spanning 34 nations and special administrative regions across Asia. ACSEP aims to advance understanding and the impactful practice of social entrepreneurship and philanthropy in Asia through research and education. Its working papers are authored by academia and in-house researchers, providing thought leadership and ofering insights into key issues and concerns confronting socially driven organisations. For full details of ACSEP’s work, see http://bschool.nus.edu/acsep 5 Acknowledgements This publication would not have been possible without the support and contributions of various individuals. In particular, we would like to thank Mr Kua Bak Lim, Mr Mark Mah and staf of the Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations; Ms Sim Bee Hia of the Hokkien Huay Kuan; Ms Victoria Wang of the Tianjin Association; Mr Eric Khua, Mr Kua Eng Wah, Mr Kuah Kian Seng and Ms Elin Chen of the Nanyang Kuah Si Association; staf of the Ngee Ann Kongsi; Ms Ong Hwee Suan and Ms Debra Ang from the National Arts Council; Ms Tay Jia Ying from the Drama Box; Associate Professor Albert Lau and Mr Ho Chi Tim from the NUS Department of History; and Mr Choo Thiam Siew, Ms Juliana Lim, Ms Marina Tan Harper, Ms Chua Beng Yan and Ms Ooi Yu-Lin for the time they spent sharing their memories and knowledge. Mr Stanley Tan, Mr Laurence Lien, Dr Mathias Terheggen and Dr Tan Bee Wan helped us to explore interesting perspectives. We would also like to acknowledge with gratitude the research assistance provided by Azira Mohamed, Afyah Mustapha, Shabbna Feroz Khan, Jacqueline Khor, Kwok Jing Wen, Sovereigna Lakhotia, Leow Jia Hui, Lim Xin Hui, See Junzhe, Cabrini Tan, Tan Teen Li, and Sophy Tio during the course of the project. Thanks also go to ACSEP Board Chairman Mr Keith Chua and the Board for their strong support for this research agenda on the history of philanthropy in Singapore. We acknowledge the guidance and constructive comments of ACSEP Director Associate Professor Lam Swee Sum as well as ACSEP staf which made this publication possible. All remaining errors are ours. ISBN: 978-981-09-7254-7 (print) ISBN: 978-981-09-7253-0 (digital) Copyright @ December 2015 Table of Contents List of Boxes, Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Rebuilding Singapore after World War II (September 1945 – May 1959) ........................................... 11 3. Self-Government to Independence (May 1959 – August 1975) ............................................................. 21 4. Expansion of Social Welfare and Advocacy (August 1975 – November 1990) ................................... 29 5. Building a Caring and Compassionate Society (November 1990 – August 2004) ............................. 39 6. The Last Decade (August 2004 – Today) .................................................................................................... 49 7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 69 References ................................................................................................................................................................... 71 Appendices 1. Grantmakers in Singapore .............................................................................................................................. 101 2. Philanthropic Activities by Temasek Holdings .............................................................................................. 109 3. Glossary of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 113 7 List of Boxes, Figures and Tables Boxes 1. Nanyang University .......................................................................................................................................... 13 2. Chinese Clan Associations in Singapore ........................................................................................................ 14 3. Prominent Post-war Female Philanthropists ................................................................................................ 16 4. The First Foundations ...................................................................................................................................... 18 5. Lee Ah Mooi Old Age Home ...........................................................................................................................
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