DOCSLIB.ORG

Reconstructing Nearshore and Kelp Forest Habitats

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reconstructing Nearshore and Kelp Forest Habitats RECONSTRUCTING NEARSHORE AND KELP FOREST HABITATS FROM TRANS-HOLOCENE OCCUPATIONS AT BAY POINT, SAN MIGUEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA: THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL ECOLOGY OF DAISY CAVE AND CAVE OF THE CHIMNEYS by AMIRA FRANCESCA AINIS A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Anthropology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of PhD June 2019 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Amira Francesca Ainis Title: Reconstructing Nearshore and Kelp Forest Habitats from Trans-Holocene Occupations at Bay Point, San Miguel Island, California: The Archaeology and Historical Ecology of Daisy Cave and Cave of the Chimneys This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of PhD degree in the Department of Anthropology by: Jon M. Erlandson Chairperson and Advisor Scott M. Fitzpatrick Core Member Frances White Core Member Alan Shanks Institutional Representative René L. Vellanoweth Core Member and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2019 ii © 2019 Amira Francesca Ainis iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Amira Francesca Ainis Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology June 2019 Title: Reconstructing Nearshore and Kelp Forest Habitats from Trans-Holocene Occupations at Bay Point, San Miguel Island, California: The Archaeology and Historical Ecology of Daisy Cave and Cave of the Chimneys This dissertation examines the archaeology and historical ecology of Bay Point, San Miguel Island, through archaeometric and zooarchaeological analyses. Stable isotopes (ᵹ13C and ᵹ18O) from archaeological mussel shells spanning much of the Holocene are used to reconstruct a localized nearshore sea surface temperature (SST) sequence and explore correlations between ancient SST patterns and archaeological data from two multicomponent rockshelter sites. I focus on the role of primary producers (Macrophytes) and primary consumers (i.e., sea urchins) in structuring nearshore marine ecosystems and develop two methods to examine ancient kelp forest and rocky shore habitats. In one case, seaweed and sea grass shellfish commensals provide a wealth of untapped data about nearshore ecology and serve as a proxy for identifying the harvest of seaweeds and sea grasses in archaeological contexts. Another case study focuses on sea urchins, which are algal grazers and, if left unchecked, can wipe out entire forests. I used analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) to develop a formula that infers sea urchin size based on hemipyramid morphometrics, allowing me to reconstruct size/age frequencies spanning thousands of years of sea urchin harvesting. My dissertation contributes to a growing database of coastal historical and ecological studies that help decipher the complex nature of intertidal foraging and marine fishing over the course of human history across the globe. By providing new methods of analysis, and primary zooarchaeological and archaeometric data on some of the oldest, most intact, and best-preserved archaeological sequences on the Channel Islands, my dissertation contributes to broad anthropological and paleoenvironmental research iv questions for the region and beyond. It provides datasets and interpretations fundamental for addressing long-standing questions about the nature and antiquity of aquatic resource use, shifts in harvesting practices and human impacts to marine ecosystems, the perceived marginality of island environments, mobility, settlement, and land use patterns, as well as other topics of transdisciplinary interest. As the first long-term reconstructed nearshore SST sequence for the region, the results have significant implications for a variety of local research questions in archaeology, historical ecology, paleoecology, marine biology, oceanography, conservation biology, and fisheries management. This dissertation contains previously published and/or co-authored material. v CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Amira F. Ainis GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene California State University, Los Angeles Humboldt State University Miracosta College, Oceanside DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy, Anthropology, 2019, University of Oregon Master of Arts, Anthropology, 2012, California State University, Los Angeles Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology, 2007, Humboldt State University Associate of Arts, Anthropology, 2005, Miracosta College, Oceanside AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Shell midden analysis, island and coastal archaeology, zooarchaeology, archaeometric and statistical analyses, coastal forager-fisher lifeways, diachronic trends in subsistence practices, human-environmental dynamics in coastal and island settings, marine historical ecology PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Graduate Teaching Fellow and Instructor, Anthropology Department, University of Oregon, 2013-2019 Part-time Lecturer, Anthropology Department, California State University, Los Angeles GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: Edna English Doctoral Dissertation Grant, University of Oregon, 2018-2019 Special OPPS Travel and Research Award, Global Studies Institute and the Graduate School, University of Oregon, 2018-2019 PaleoWest Research Fund, Upper Gulf of California Archaeological Testing, 2018 (Co-PI) vi PaleoWest Research Fund, Upper Gulf of California Survey, 2017 (Co-PI) NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant, National Science Foundation, 2017- 2019 Edna English Research Grant, University of Oregon, 2012/2013 Outstanding Graduate Student of the Year Award, California State University, Los Angeles, 2011/2012 Pre-Doctoral Summer Internship Grant, CSU Office of the Chancellor, Summer 2011 Sally Casanova Pre-Doctoral Scholar, California State University, Office of the Chancellor, 2010/2011 Graduate Student Alumni Scholarship, California State University, Los Angeles, 2011/2012 Graduate Student Alumni Scholarship, California State University, Los Angeles, 2010/2011 Cotsen Fellow Research Grant, California State University, Los Angeles, Winter 2011 Cotsen Fellow Research Grant, California State University, Los Angeles, Summer 2010 Cotsen Fellow Research Grant, California State University, Los Angeles, Spring 2010 PUBLICATIONS: Ainis, A., H. Fujita and R.L. Vellanoweth 2019 The antiquity of pearling in the Americas: pearl modification beginning at least 8,500 Years Ago in Baja California Sur, México. Latin American Antiquity accepted, in press. Fonseca-Ibarra, E.M., A.F. Ainis and A. Guía-Ramírez 2019 Nearshore foraging and food-processing by coastal hunter-gatherer-fishers on the Pacific Coast of Baja California, Mexico. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology accepted, in press. vii Erlandson, J.M., T.C. Rick, A.F. Ainis, K.M. Gill, N.P. Jew and L.A. Reeder-Myers 2019 Shellfish, geophytes, and sedentism on Early Holocene Santa Rosa Island, Alta California, USA. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 0:1-21. Ainis, A.F., J.M. Erlandson, K.M. Gill, M.H. Graham and R.L. Vellanoweth 2019 The potential use of seaweeds and marine plants by Native Peoples of Alta and Baja California: implications for "marginal" island ecosystems. In: An Archaeology of Abundance: Re-evaluating the Marginality of California’s Channel Islands, K.M. Gill, J.M. Erlandson, and M. Fauvelle (Eds.), pp. 135-170. University of Florida Press, Gainesville. Fujita, H., and A.F. Ainis 2018 Traditions of early human groups in Baja California and possible routes for the peopling of the peninsula. Western North American Naturalist 78(3):285–301. Fujita, H., A.F. Ainis, A. Hernández, K. Bulhusen and R.L. Vellanoweth 2018 Trans-Holocene occupations at Cañada de la Enfermería Sureste #3 (Site A-119), Baja California Sur, Mexico. Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology 32:59-77. Ainis, A.F., R.B. Guttenberg, R.L. Vellanoweth, J.M. Erlandson, W.E. Kendig, J. Colston and L. Thomas-Barnett 2017 A cache within a cache: description of an abalone “treasure box” from the CA- SNI-14 redwood box cache, San Nicolas Island, California. California Archaeology 9(1):79-105. Fujita, H., C. Cáceres-Martínez and A.F. Ainis 2017 Pearl ornaments from the Covacha Babisuri Site, Espírtu Santo Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 53(2&3):63-86. Fujita, H., A. Hernández, K. Bulhusen, A.F. Ainis and R.L. Vellanoweth 2017 Ocupaciones trans-Holoceno en el sitio Cañada de la Enfermería Sureste #3, Baja California Sur. Paper published in Memorias: Balances y Perspectivas 1 de la Antropología e Historia de Baja California Tomo 17 Erlandson, J.M., A.F. Ainis, T.J. Braje, N.P. Jew, M. McVey, T.C. Rick, R.L. Vellanoweth and J. Watts 2015 12,000 years of human predation on black turban snails (Chlorostoma funebralis) on Alta California’s Northern Channel Islands. California Archaeology 7(1):59- 91. Jew, N.P., A.F. Ainis, P.E. Endzweig, K. Sullivan, C. Skinner, J.M. Erlandson 2015 Chipped stone crescents from America’s Far West: descriptive and geochemical analyses from the Northern Great Basin. North American Archaeologist 36(2):119-140. viii Ainis, A.F., R.L. Vellanoweth, Q.G. Lapeña and C.S. Thornber 2014 Using non-dietary gastropods in coastal shell middens to infer kelp and seagrass harvesting and paleoenvironmental conditions. Journal of Archaeological Science 49:343-360. Vellanoweth, R.L., A.F. Ainis, J.M. Erlandson and L. Thomas-Barnett 2014 An Olivella grooved rectangle bead cluster from San Nicolas Island,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RED ALGAE · RHODOPHYTA Rhodophyta Are Cosmopolitan, Found from the Artic to the Tropics
    RED ALGAE · RHODOPHYTA Rhodophyta are cosmopolitan, found from the artic to the tropics. Although they grow in both marine and fresh water, 98% of the 6,500 species of red algae are marine. Most of these species occur in the tropics and sub-tropics, though the greatest number of species is temperate. Along the California coast, the species of red algae far outnumber the species of green and brown algae. In temperate regions such as California, red algae are common in the intertidal zone. In the tropics, however, they are mostly subtidal, growing as epiphytes on seagrasses, within the crevices of rock and coral reefs, or occasionally on dead coral or sand. In some tropical waters, red algae can be found as deep as 200 meters. Because of their unique accessory pigments (phycobiliproteins), the red algae are able to harvest the blue light that reaches deeper waters. Red algae are important economically in many parts of the world. For example, in Japan, the cultivation of Pyropia is a multibillion-dollar industry, used for nori and other algal products. Rhodophyta also provide valuable “gums” or colloidal agents for industrial and food applications. Two extremely important phycocolloids are agar (and the derivative agarose) and carrageenan. The Rhodophyta are the only algae which have “pit plugs” between cells in multicellular thalli. Though their true function is debated, pit plugs are thought to provide stability to the thallus. Also, the red algae are unique in that they have no flagellated stages, which enhance reproduction in other algae. Instead, red algae has a complex life cycle, with three distinct stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Pelvetia Canaliculata Channel Wrack Ecology and Similar Identification Species
    Ecology and Similar species identification Found slightly High shore alga higher than often forming a Fucus spiralis. clear zone on Fronds in more sheltered F.spiralis are shores. flat and twisted. Evenly forked fronds up to 15cm long that are rolled to give a channel on one side. Pelvetia canaliculata Channel Wrack Ecology and Similar identification species High shore alga Fucus often forming vesiculosus a clear zone which has below Pelvetia distinctive air on more bladders sheltered shores. Fronds in F.spiralis are flat and Fucus spiralis twisted and up Spiral Wrack to 20cm long. NO air bladders. Ecology and Similar identification species Most Fucus characteristic vesiculosus mid shore which has alga in shelter. paired circular air Leathery bladders fronds up to a metre long, no mid-rib and single egg-shaped Ascophyllum nodosum air-bladders Egg or Knotted Wrack Ecology and Similar identification species The F. spiralis characteristic and alga of the A.nodosum mid-shore in moderate exposure. The fronds have a prominent mid-rib and Fucus vesiculosus paired air Bladder Wrack bladders. Ecology and Similar identification species Can be Other Fucus abundant in species the low and lower mid- shore. Fronds have a serrated edge. Fucus serratus Serrated Wrack. Ecology and Similar species identification. This is the Laminaria commonest of hyperborea, the the kelps and can forest kelp, dominate around which has a low water. Each round cross plant may reach section to the 1.5m long. stem and stands erect at The stem has an low tide. oval cross section that causes the plant to droop over at low water.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Reported Seaweed Diseases and Pests in Aquaculture in Asia
    UHI Research Database pdf download summary A review of reported seaweed diseases and pests in aquaculture in Asia Ward, Georgia; Faisan, Joseph; Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth; Gachon, Claire; Hurtado, Anicia; Lim, Phaik-Eem; Matoju, Ivy; Msuya, Flower; Bass, David; Brodie, Juliet Published in: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Publication date: 2019 The re-use license for this item is: CC BY The Document Version you have downloaded here is: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record The final published version is available direct from the publisher website at: 10.1111/jwas.12649 Link to author version on UHI Research Database Citation for published version (APA): Ward, G., Faisan, J., Cottier-Cook, E., Gachon, C., Hurtado, A., Lim, P-E., Matoju, I., Msuya, F., Bass, D., & Brodie, J. (2019). A review of reported seaweed diseases and pests in aquaculture in Asia. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, [12649]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12649 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights: 1) Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the UHI Research Database for the purpose of private study or research. 2) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 3) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • La Préhistoire : Les Premiers Humains En « France »
    h Chapitre 1 La préhistoire : les premiers humains en « France » Ce que vous allez apprendre • La présence de l’être humain en France est très ancienne : plus de 1,5 million d’années. • L’histoire de la préhistoire est née en France au XIXe siècle. • La France est riche de sites préhistoriques célèbres, de Lascaux à Carnac. • Les sociétés préhistoriques ont modifié la faune, la flore et les paysages. I. À LA DÉCOUVERTE D’UN MONDE LONGTEMPS IGNORÉ : LA PRÉHISTOIRE Histoire des découvertes préhistoriques Si l’existence des hommes de la préhistoire est aujourd’hui une évidence pour la grande majorité de nos contemporains, de même que l’ancienneté de l’humanité en millions d’années, ces connaissances sont fort récentes à l’échelle de la longue durée des sociétés humaines. Jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle, à de rares exceptions, les Européens n’imaginent même pas la possibilité d’une humanité antérieure à la Genèse (premier livre de la Bible). L’histoire de l’humanité est vieille de 4 000 à 5 000 ans, et pas davantage, estiment alors les savants. Les Églises chrétiennes, tout comme d’ailleurs le judaïsme et l’islam, s’en tiennent rigoureusement à ce qu’enseignent les textes sacrés sur les origines du monde et de l’humanité : la Torah pour les juifs, la Bible pour les chrétiens, le Coran pour les musulmans. Les trois religions monothéistes enseignent que l’univers, la Terre, le monde vivant et le genre humain ont été créés par Dieu, en fort peu de temps. L’idée d’une évolution de la vie et notamment de l’humanité sur des millions ou des milliards d’années est littéralement inconcevable pour les hommes de religion et pour les Européens jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Mammals from Sima De Los Huesos
    Gloria Cuenca-Bescós Small mammals from Sima de los & César Laplana Huesos Conesa Paleontología. F. Ciencias, Universidad A small collection of rodents from Sima de los Huesos helps to clarify the de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, stratigraphic position of this famous human locality. The presence of Allocricetus and U.A. CSIC-U. Zaragoza, Museo bursae and Pliomys lenki relictus and the size of A. bursae, Apodemus sylvaticus and Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Eliomys quercinus suggest a Middle Pleistocene age (Saalian) to the Clays where 28002 Madrid, Spain humans have been found. ? 1997 Academic Press Limited Jose Ignacio Canudo Museo de Paleontología, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain Juan Luis Arsuaga Dpto. de Paleontología, Universidad Complutense, 28006 Madrid, Spain Received 24 April 1996 Revision received 1 November 1996 and accepted 22 March 1997 Keywords: rodents, Middle Pleistocene, Atapuerca, Sima de los Huesos, Spain, micromammal biochronology. Journal of Human Evolution (1997) 33, 175–190 Introduction In 1974, René Lavocat wrote in this journal: ‘‘It may be rather surprising to read in a journal devoted to human evolution a paper on rodents. This contribution is justified by the fact that the study of rodents can provide excellent arguments’’ . of correlation and relative age assignment of fossil hominid sites (e.g., Lavocat, 1956; Chaline, 1971; Repenning & Fejfar, 1982; Carbonell et al., 1995) and can also tell us a great deal about past environments (Bishop, 1982; Andrews, 1990a,b). The Sima de los Huesos cave locality is one of the sites containing Pleistocene humans in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) karst system (Aguirre, 1995; Arsuaga et al., 1993; Bischoff et al., 1997; Carbonell et al., 1995 and references therein).
    [Show full text]
  • Apport Des Grands Mammifères De La Grotte Du Vallonnet
    L’anthropologie 110 (2006) 837–849 http://france.elsevier.com/direct/ANTHRO/ Article original Apport des grands mammifères de la grotte du Vallonnet (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes, France) à la connaissance du cadre biochronologique de la seconde moitié du Pléistocène inférieur d’Europe ☆ Contribution of the large mammals of Vallonnet cave (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes, France) to the knowledge of biochronological frame of the second half of the Lower Pleistocene in Europe Pierre-Elie Moulléa,*, Frédéric Lacombatb, Anna Echassouxc a Musée de Préhistoire Régionale de Menton, Rue Lorédan-Larchey, 06500 Menton, France b Forschungsstation für Quatärpaläontologie Weimar, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Am Jakobskirchhof 4, 99423 Weimar, Allemagne c Laboratoire Départemental de Préhistoire du Lazaret, 33bis boulevard Franck-Pilatte, 06300 Nice, France Disponible sur internet le 01 décembre 2006 Résumé Les grands mammifères de la grotte du Vallonnet, dont les fossiles proviennent d’un niveau contem- porain de l’épisode paléomagnétique de Jaramillo, sont caractéristiques de la seconde moitié du Pléisto- cène inférieur. Quelques différences avec les faunes de Fuente Nueva-3 et Barranco Leòn, en Espagne, ☆ Ce travail a été présenté au colloque « Cadre biostratigraphique de la fin du Pliocène et du Pléistocène inférieur (3 Ma à 780 000 ans) en Europe méridionale », Musée Départemental des Merveilles, Tende, Alpes-Maritimes, 20 au 22 mai 2005. * Auteur correspondant. Adresse e-mail : [email protected] (P.-E. Moullé). 0003-5521/$ - see front matter © 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. doi:10.1016/j.anthro.2006.10.006 838 P.-E. Moullé et al. / L’anthropologie 110 (2006) 837–849 dont l’âge est proche du milieu du Pléistocène inférieur, indiquent un âge un peu plus jeune pour le Val- lonnet.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancement of Xanthophyll Synthesis in Porphyra/Pyropia Species (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) by Controlled Abiotic Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    marine drugs Review Enhancement of Xanthophyll Synthesis in Porphyra/Pyropia Species (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) by Controlled Abiotic Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Florentina Piña 1,2,3,4 and Loretto Contreras-Porcia 1,2,3,4,* 1 Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; fl[email protected] 2 Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile 3 Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile 4 Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Red alga species belonging to the Porphyra and Pyropia genera (commonly known as Nori), which are widely consumed and commercialized due to their high nutritional value. These species have a carotenoid profile dominated by xanthophylls, mostly lutein and zeaxanthin, which have relevant benefits for human health. The effects of different abiotic factors on xanthophyll synthesis in these species have been scarcely studied, despite their health benefits. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the abiotic factors that enhance the synthesis of xanthophylls in Porphyra/Pyropia species by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the xanthophyll content found in the literature, and (ii) to recommend a culture method that would allow a significant accumulation of Citation: Piña, F.; Contreras-Porcia, these compounds in the biomass of these species. The results show that salinity significantly affected L. Enhancement of Xanthophyll the content of total carotenoids and led to higher values under hypersaline conditions (70,247.91 µg/g Synthesis in Porphyra/Pyropia Species dm at 55 psu).
    [Show full text]
  • Seaweed Aquaculture in Washington State
    Seaweed Aquaculture in Washington State Thomas Mumford Marine Agronomics, LLC Olympia, Washington [email protected] Outline of Presentation • What are seaweeds? • Seaweeds of Washington • Approaches to Seaweed Aquaculture • Uses/products • Overview of how to grow seaweeds • Where are we going in the future? • Resources WhatWhat are “seaweeds?Algae”? •Seaweed (a kind of alga) •Kelp (a kind of seaweed) Algae Seaweeds Kelp Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, Chlorophyta •Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta) •Pyropia, Chondrus, Mazzaella •Brown Seaweeds (Phaeophyta) •Kelp •Sargassum •Green Seaweeds (Chlorophyta) •Ulva Supergroups containing “Algae” Graham 2016, Fig 5.1 The Bounty of Washington • Over 600 species of seaweeds • One of the most diverse kelp floras in the world- 22 species Seaweed Uses =Ecosystem Functions -Primary Producers • Food Detritus Dissolved organic materials -Structuring Elements (biogenic habitats) • Kelp beds -Biodiversity Function • Seaweed species themselves • Other species in, on and around seaweeds Traditional Coast Salish Uses Food, tools, culture Fishing Line made from Nereocystis stipes 11/21/19 Herring-roe-on-kelp (Macrocystis) Slide 8 • Food - nori, kombu, wakame, others • Fodder – feed supplements, forage Economic • Fiber – alginate fiber, kelp baskets Seaweed Uses • Fertilizer and Soil Conditioners– seaweed meal (kelp, rockweeds) • Drugs – iodine, kainic and domoic acids • Chemicals – “kelp”, potash, iodine, acetone • Biochemicals – alginate, carrageenan, agar, agarose • Cosmetics – alginate, carrageenan • Biomass – for
    [Show full text]
  • CONCENTRACIÓN DE PROGESTERONA Y VARIACIONES HISTOLÓGICAS DEL OVARIO EN Fissurella Crassa (LAMARCK, 1822)
    UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS Y PECUARIAS DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS CONCENTRACIÓN DE PROGESTERONA Y VARIACIONES HISTOLÓGICAS DEL OVARIO EN Fissurella crassa (LAMARCK, 1822) ANGÉLICA TATIANA DEL CAMPO AHUMADA Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales PROFESOR GUÍA: LAURA HUAQUÍN MORA SANTIAGO, CHILE 2004 UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS Y PECUARIAS DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS CONCENTRACIÓN DE PROGESTERONA Y VARIACIONES HISTOLÓGICAS DEL OVARIO EN Fissurella crassa (LAMARCK, 1822) ANGÉLICA TATIANA DEL CAMPO AHUMADA Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales NOTA FINAL: .................................... NOTA FIRMA PROFESOR GUÍA : LAURA HUAQUÍN MORA : ................. ......................................................... PROFESOR CONSEJERO : BESSIE URQUIETA MANGIOLA : ................. ......................................................... PROFESOR CONSEJERO : HÉCTOR ADARMES AHUMADA : ................. ......................................................... SANTIAGO, CHILE 2004 DEDICATORIA A Dios, quien habita en mí, y que hace de mi vida, un camino distinto... A mi razón de existir, mi querido hijo Oscar José, A mi amado amigo, compañero y esposo Oscar, A quienes me dieron la vida, su amor y su esfuerzo, mis Padres: Mónica y Moisés, en especial a mi mamá, quien año a año me ayudo a salir adelante. A mi gran amiga y apoyo incondicional, mi Tía Alicia, A mi suegra Adriana, por toda su preocupación y apoyo, A mi suegro Oscar, por todo su cariño y que es mí guía desde el cielo A mis abuelitos José y Celia, por acompañarme en mi niñez y aunque ya no estén, seguirán día a día a mi lado. A mi amada y recordada Abuelita Juana, que seguirá viva en mí por siempre... AGRADECIMIENTOS Es difícil poder enumerar a tantas personas, que han hecho posible que el día de hoy este aquí, al final de un proceso, que muchas veces pensé, que no llegaría..
    [Show full text]
  • Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
    MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Spiral wrack (Fucus spiralis) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Nicola White 2008-05-29 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1337]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: White, N. 2008. Fucus spiralis Spiral wrack. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1337.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2008-05-29 Spiral wrack (Fucus spiralis) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Detail of Fucus spiralis fronds. Distribution data supplied by the Ocean Photographer: Keith Hiscock Biogeographic Information System (OBIS).
    [Show full text]
  • Fecal Microbiota Alterations and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Functional Abdominal Bloating/Distention
    J Neurogastroenterol Motil, Vol. 26 No. 4 October, 2020 pISSN: 2093-0879 eISSN: 2093-0887 https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm20080 JNM Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility Original Article Fecal Microbiota Alterations and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Functional Abdominal Bloating/Distention Choong-Kyun Noh and Kwang Jae Lee* Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Background/Aims The pathophysiology of functional abdominal bloating and distention (FABD) is unclear yet. Our aim is to compare the diversity and composition of fecal microbiota in patients with FABD and healthy individuals, and to evaluate the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and dysbiosis. Methods The microbiota of fecal samples was analyzed from 33 subjects, including 12 healthy controls and 21 patients with FABD diagnosed by the Rome IV criteria. FABD patients underwent a hydrogen breath test. Fecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA amplification and sequencing. Results Overall fecal microbiota composition of the FABD group differed from that of the control group. Microbial diversity was significantly lower in the FABD group than in the control group. Significantly higher proportion of Proteobacteria and significantly lower proportion of Actinobacteria were observed in FABD patients, compared with healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, significantly higher proportion of Faecalibacterium in FABD patients and significantly higher proportion of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium in SIBO (+) patients with FABD were found. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, was significantly more abundant, but Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were significantly less abundant in patients with FABD, compared with healthy controls. Significantly more abundant Prevotella copri and F.
    [Show full text]