LHC and Particle Physics: Latest Results and New Challenges
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CERN Courier – Digital Edition Welcome to the Digital Edition of the January/February 2013 Issue of CERN Courier – the First Digital Edition of This Magazine
I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 1 J ANUARY /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the January/February 2013 issue of CERN Courier – the first digital edition of this magazine. CERN Courier dates back to August 1959, when the first issue appeared, consisting of eight black-and-white pages. Since then it has seen many changes in design and layout, leading to the current full-colour editions of more than 50 pages on average. It went on the web for the High luminosity: first time in October 1998, when IOP Publishing took over the production work. Now, we have taken another step forward with this digital edition, which provides yet another means to access the content beyond the web the heat is on and print editions, which continue as before. Back in 1959, the first issue reported on progress towards the start of CERN’s first proton synchrotron. This current issue includes a report from the physics frontier as seen by the ATLAS experiment at the laboratory’s current flagship, the LHC, as well as a look at work that is under way to get the most from this remarkable machine in future. Particle physics has changed a great deal since 1959 and this is reflected in the article on the emergence of QCD, the theory of the strong interaction, in the early 1970s. To sign up to the new issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up To subscribe to the print edition, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe LHC PHYSICS FERMILAB FRONTIER Using monojets Oddone to retire to point the way after eight PHYSICS EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN to new physics fruitful years Opening up DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p7 p35 interdisciplinarity p33 CERNCOURIER www. -
Supergravity and Its Legacy Prelude and the Play
Supergravity and its Legacy Prelude and the Play Sergio FERRARA (CERN – LNF INFN) Celebrating Supegravity at 40 CERN, June 24 2016 S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 1 Supergravity as carved on the Iconic Wall at the «Simons Center for Geometry and Physics», Stony Brook S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 2 Prelude S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 3 In the early 1970s I was a staff member at the Frascati National Laboratories of CNEN (then the National Nuclear Energy Agency), and with my colleagues Aurelio Grillo and Giorgio Parisi we were investigating, under the leadership of Raoul Gatto (later Professor at the University of Geneva) the consequences of the application of “Conformal Invariance” to Quantum Field Theory (QFT), stimulated by the ongoing Experiments at SLAC where an unexpected Bjorken Scaling was observed in inclusive electron- proton Cross sections, which was suggesting a larger space-time symmetry in processes dominated by short distance physics. In parallel with Alexander Polyakov, at the time in the Soviet Union, we formulated in those days Conformal invariant Operator Product Expansions (OPE) and proposed the “Conformal Bootstrap” as a non-perturbative approach to QFT. S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 4 Conformal Invariance, OPEs and Conformal Bootstrap has become again a fashionable subject in recent times, because of the introduction of efficient new methods to solve the “Bootstrap Equations” (Riccardo Rattazzi, Slava Rychkov, Erik Tonni, Alessandro Vichi), and mostly because of their role in the AdS/CFT correspondence. The latter, pioneered by Juan Maldacena, Edward Witten, Steve Gubser, Igor Klebanov and Polyakov, can be regarded, to some extent, as one of the great legacies of higher dimensional Supergravity. -
PHYSICS BEYOND the STANDARD MODEL Jean Iliopoulos
PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL Jean Iliopoulos To cite this version: Jean Iliopoulos. PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL. 2008. hal-00308451v1 HAL Id: hal-00308451 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00308451v1 Preprint submitted on 30 Jul 2008 (v1), last revised 13 Aug 2008 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LPTENS-08/45 PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL JOHN ILIOPOULOS Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique de L’Ecole Normale Sup´erieure 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France We review our expectations in the last year before the LHC commissioning. Lectures presented at the 2007 European School of High Energy Physics Trest, August 2007 Contents 1 The standard model 4 2 Waiting for the L.H.C. 6 2.1 Animpressiveglobalfit . .. .. .. .. .. 6 2.2 BoundsontheHiggsmass. 7 2.3 NewPhysics............................ 13 3 Grand Unification 17 3.1 The simplest G.U.T.: SU(5)................... 18 3.2 DynamicsofG.U.T.s. 23 3.2.1 Tree-level SU(5)predictions. 23 3.2.2 Higher order effects . 25 3.3 OtherGrandUnifiedTheories. 28 3.3.1 A rank 5 G.U.T.: SO(10) ................ 29 3.3.2 Othermodels ...................... -
Switching Neutrinos
Research in Progress Physics Fl avor- -Switching Neutrinos rof. Ewa Rondio from the National P Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) explains the nature of neutrinos, the measurements taken by the Super-Kamiokande detector, and the involvement of Polish scientists in the project. MIJAKOWSKI PIOTR ACADEMIA: What are neutrinos? What is the difference between the neutrinos that PROF. EWA RONDIO: Literally translated, the word come from space and the neutrinos created on Earth? “neutrino” means “little neutral one.” The name was Neutrinos arriving from space are almost as abundant first suggested when the existence of neutrinos was as photons in the cosmic background radiation, but proposed to patch up the law of conservation of en- their energies are so small that we’re unable to detect ergy. It had turned out that without postulating their them. We can’t see them, even though there are so existence we could not explain why the spectrum of many of them. We can only observe higher-energy energy in beta decay is continuous, whereas two-body neutrinos, for example those arriving from the Sun. decay should give a single constant value. Back then, At first glance, they do not differ in any way from that postulate was considered very risky, because it those made on Earth. However, they have somewhat was believed that such particles would be impossible different energies. Also, those arriving from space are to observe. Experimental physicists have nowadays predominantly neutrinos, whereas those we produce managed that, although it took them quite a long time. on Earth produce are chiefly antineutrinos. -
BEYOND the STANDARD MODEL Jean Iliopoulos Laboratoire De Physique Theorique´ De L’Ecole Normale Superieure,´ 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL Jean Iliopoulos Laboratoire de Physique Theorique´ de L’Ecole Normale Superieure,´ 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 1. THE STANDARD MODEL One of the most remarkable achievements of modern theoretical physics has been the construction of the Standard Model for weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions. It is a gauge theory based on the group U(1) SU(2) SU(3) which is spontaneously broken to U(1) SU(3). This relatively simple model epitomizes⊗ our⊗present knowledge of elementary particle interactions.⊗ It is analyzed in detail in the lectures of Prof. Quigg. Here I present only a short summary. The model contains three types of fields: [i] The gauge fields. There are twelve spin-one boson fields which can be classified into the (1; 8) ⊕ (3; 1) (1; 1) representation of SU(2) SU(3). The first eight are the gluons which mediate ⊕ ⊗ strong interactions between quarks and the last four are (W +; W −; Z0 and γ), the vector bosons of the electroweak theory. [ii] Matter fields. The basic unit is the “family” consisting exclusively of spinor fields. Until last year we believed that the neutrinos were massless and this allowed us to use only fifteen two-component complex fields, which, under SU(2) SU(3), form the representation (2; 1) (1; 1) (2; 3) ⊗ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ (1; 3) (1; 3). We can⊕ still fit most experiments with only these fields, but there may be need, suggested by only one experiment, to introduce new degrees of freedom, possibly a right-handed neutrino. The prototype is the electron family: νe ui − ; νeR (??); eR; ; uiR ; diR e di !L !L 9 i = 1; 2; 3 : (1) > => (2; 1) (1; 1) (1; 1) (2; 3) (1; 3) (1; 3) > For the muon family νe νµ; e µ; ui ci and di si and, similarly;> , for the tau family, ! ! ! ! νe ντ ; e τ; ui ti and di bi. -
SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA
TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY - THREADS IN A TAPESTRY Nobel Lecture, 8 December, 1979 by SHELDON LEE GLASHOW Lyman Laboratory of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Mass., USA INTRODUCTION In 1956, when I began doing theoretical physics, the study of elementary particles was like a patchwork quilt. Electrodynamics, weak interactions, and strong interactions were clearly separate disciplines, separately taught and separately studied. There was no coherent theory that described them all. Developments such as the observation of parity violation, the successes of quantum electrodynamics, the discovery of hadron resonances and the appearance of strangeness were well-defined parts of the picture, but they could not be easily fitted together. Things have changed. Today we have what has been called a “standard theory” of elementary particle physics in which strong, weak, and electro- magnetic interactions all arise from a local symmetry principle. It is, in a sense, a complete and apparently correct theory, offering a qualitative description of all particle phenomena and precise quantitative predictions in many instances. There is no experimental data that contradicts the theory. In principle, if not yet in practice, all experimental data can be expressed in terms of a small number of “fundamental” masses and cou- pling constants. The theory we now have is an integral work of art: the patchwork quilt has become a tapestry. Tapestries are made by many artisans working together. The contribu- tions of separate workers cannot be discerned in the completed work, and the loose and false threads have been covered over. So it is in our picture of particle physics. Part of the picture is the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions and the prediction of neutral currents, now being celebrated by the award of the Nobel Prize. -
3.00Pm CET = 7.00 Am Pacific Time GRAVITATIONAL
PRESS RELEASE IN OCCASION OF THE START OF O3 Embargoed until March 26 – 3.00pm CET = 7.00 am Pacific time GRAVITATIONAL WAVE DETECTORS JOIN FORCES FOR A NEW YEAR-LONG SIGNAL HUNT Cascina (Pisa, Italy) - The Virgo and LIGO detectors are ready to start the new Observing run called O3, lasting a whole year. The hunt for gravitational waves is set to start on April 1st when the European Virgo detector, based in Italy at the European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), and the LIGO twin detectors, located in the state of Washington and Louisiana (USA), will start to take data becoming together the most sensitive gravitational wave observatory to date. During a one-year period the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations will register science data continuously, and the three detectors will operate as a global observatory. Since August 2017, the end of the second observation run O2, the two collaborations have intensively worked on their interferometers to improve the sensitivity and reliability. Scientists have also improved their offline and online data analysis and developed further the procedures for releasing Open Public Alerts: these will within minutes notify the physics and astronomy community when a potential gravitational-wave event is observed. “With our three detectors now operational at a significantly improved sensitivity, the global LIGO-Virgo detector network is expected to make several new detections. Moreover it will allow precise triangulation of the sources of gravitational waves. This will be an important step towards our quest of multi-messenger astronomy”, says Jo van den Brand of Nikhef (the Dutch National Institute for Subatomic Physics) and VU University Amsterdam, who is the spokesperson for the Virgo collaboration. -
New Aspera Roadmap
Astroparticle Physics for Europe ASPERA (& ApPEC) Roadmap Antonio Ferrer IFIC/MINECO Aspera-Spain Coordinator Benasque IMFP 1 June 2012 Astroparticle Physics for Europe > What is ApPEC ? > ApPEC is an European Consortium of funding agencies for Astroparticle Physics Coordination. Astroparticle Physics for Europe ApPEC created in 2001 by the national funding agencies of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and UK. Since then Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Greece, Switzerland and Poland have joined ApPEC aims to Promote and facilitate co-operation within the European Particle Astrophysics (PA) community Develop and promulgate long term strategies for European PA, offering advice to national funding agencies and EU Assist in improving links and co-ordination between European PA and the scientific programmes of organisations such as CERN, ESA, and ESO Express their collective views on AP in appropriate international forums, such as OECD, UNESCO etc. Astroparticle Physics for Europe > What is ASPERA ? > ASPERA is an ERANET, a European network of national government agencies responsible for coordinating and funding research in astroparticle physics. > ASPERA is funded by the European Commission (FP 6) at the level of 2.5 Million € over a three years period. It started in July 2006. > ASPERA arises from the existence of ApPEC (Astroparticle Physics European Coordination). What is ASPERA ? Astroparticle Physics for Europe ‘per aspera ad astra’ www.aspera-eu.org ASPERA-I FP6 ERANET (July2006-July2009, 2.5 M€) Study APP personnel and funding -
Nobel Pris Og NBI
Hvilke forskere, både danske og udenlandske, med tilknytning til NBI har gennem tiden modtaget en nobelpris? M I Nobelpristagere med tilknytning til NBI Der er en lang række Nobelpristagere, som har været ansat i en eller anden form på NBI (Niels Bohr Institutet). Der er desuden en del, der har opholdt sig og arbejdet på institutet i en periode, men ikke har været ansat. De har så været lønnet af deres hjemmeuniversitet og brugt tiden til et samarbejde med en eller flere forskere på NBI, som oftest med en videnskabelig artikel som resultat. Endeligt har der i ”utallige” år været en skik, at fysik nobelpristagere blev inviteret til at komme til København, give en forelæsning, og efter eget ønske blive lidt tid umiddelbart efter modtagelsen af Nobelprisen (hvor de jo alligevel var i Stockholm). I den form har en meget stor del af nobelpristagerne efter institutets oprettelse, været på besøg.. Jeg husker selv fra et af mine første studieår en strålende forelæsning af: Donald Arthur Glaser f: 1926 i USA nobelpris i 1960, med en efterfølgende animeret fest med nobelpristageren i fysik- matematik- og kemi- studerendes forening (som hed parentesen). Der har især i Bohrs tid men været en lang række konferencer og møder, hvor stort set hele den videnskabelige verdens store, har været tilstede f.eks.: Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck f: D 1858 d: 1947 nobelpris 1916, Albert Einstein f: D 1879 d: 1955 nobelrpis 1921, Douglas D. Osheroff f: USA 1945 nobelpris 1996 og mange, mange andre. I den nedenstående liste er udvalgt de, der dokumenterbart har haft en eller anden form for regulær ansættelse på NBI. -
PDF) Submittals Are Preferred) and Information Particle and Astroparticle Physics As Well As Accelerator Physics
CERNNovember/December 2019 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the November/December 2019 issue of CERN Courier. The Extremely Large Telescope, adorning the cover of this issue, is due to EXTREMELY record first light in 2025 and will outperform existing telescopes by orders of magnitude. It is one of several large instruments to look forward to in the decade ahead, which will also see the start of high-luminosity LHC operations. LARGE TELESCOPE As the 2020s gets under way, the Courier will be reviewing the LHC’s 10-year physics programme so far, as well as charting progress in other domains. In the meantime, enjoy news of KATRIN’s first limit on the neutrino mass (p7), a summary of the recently published European strategy briefing book (p8), the genesis of a hadron-therapy centre in Southeast Europe (p9), and dispatches from the most interesting recent conferences (pp19—23). CLIC’s status and future (p41), the abstract world of gauge–gravity duality (p44), France’s particle-physics origins (p37) and CERN’s open days (p32) are other highlights from this last issue of the decade. Enjoy! To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier KATRIN weighs in on neutrinos Maldacena on the gauge–gravity dual FPGAs that speak your language EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING CCNovDec19_Cover_v1.indd 1 29/10/2019 15:41 CERNCOURIER www. -
Introduction to Flavour Physics
Introduction to flavour physics Y. Grossman Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Abstract In this set of lectures we cover the very basics of flavour physics. The lec- tures are aimed to be an entry point to the subject of flavour physics. A lot of problems are provided in the hope of making the manuscript a self-study guide. 1 Welcome statement My plan for these lectures is to introduce you to the very basics of flavour physics. After the lectures I hope you will have enough knowledge and, more importantly, enough curiosity, and you will go on and learn more about the subject. These are lecture notes and are not meant to be a review. In the lectures, I try to talk about the basic ideas, hoping to give a clear picture of the physics. Thus many details are omitted, implicit assumptions are made, and no references are given. Yet details are important: after you go over the current lecture notes once or twice, I hope you will feel the need for more. Then it will be the time to turn to the many reviews [1–10] and books [11, 12] on the subject. I try to include many homework problems for the reader to solve, much more than what I gave in the actual lectures. If you would like to learn the material, I think that the problems provided are the way to start. They force you to fully understand the issues and apply your knowledge to new situations. The problems are given at the end of each section. -
Communications-Mathematics and Applied Mathematics/Download/8110
A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." ― Socrates Manjunath.R #16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] *Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/ A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe What’s the Ultimate Question? Since the dawn of the history of science from Copernicus (who took the details of Ptolemy, and found a way to look at the same construction from a slightly different perspective and discover that the Earth is not the center of the universe) and Galileo to the present, we (a hoard of talking monkeys who's consciousness is from a collection of connected neurons − hammering away on typewriters and by pure chance eventually ranging the values for the (fundamental) numbers that would allow the development of any form of intelligent life) have gazed at the stars and attempted to chart the heavens and still discovering the fundamental laws of nature often get asked: What is Dark Matter? ... What is Dark Energy? ... What Came Before the Big Bang? ... What's Inside a Black Hole? ... Will the universe continue expanding? Will it just stop or even begin to contract? Are We Alone? Beginning at Stonehenge and ending with the current crisis in String Theory, the story of this eternal question to uncover the mysteries of the universe describes a narrative that includes some of the greatest discoveries of all time and leading personalities, including Aristotle, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, and the rise to the modern era of Einstein, Eddington, and Hawking.