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All About St John – Induction Handbook for Members Kenya

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All About St John – Induction Handbook for Members Kenya All About St John Induction Handbook for Members (Kenya) First Edition All about St. John: Induction Handbook for Members Written by George Oloo © 2011, St. John Kenya. Published by St. John Kenya, Nairobi Region St. John House, St. John’s Gate, Off Parliament Road, NAIROBI. P.O. Box 41469 -00100, NAIROBI. All rights reserved. This material is copyright but may be reproduced by any method by members without fee for educational purposes but not for resale. Formal permission is required for all such uses but normally will be granted immediately. For copying in other circumstances or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the copyright owner and/or author, and a fee may be payable. St. John – Members Induction Handbook 2 - Part One – History of the Order St. John – Members Induction Handbook 3 Back in Time The year is 600 A.D. Religious tension persists in Jerusalem, between Christian and Muslim pilgrims, paying homage to their ‘holy city’- the crusades are around the corner, and Pope Gregory is head of ‘the church’. This is the setting the Order first identifies as pertaining to its history. From this date, let’s try and trace the Order to today. 600 A.D. Pope Gregory asks Abbey Probus to set up a hostel to house Christian pilgrims. It provided a place not only for the pilgrims to shelter, but also to get attention on any injuries sustained. In the intensity of fighting between Christian and Muslim forces, the survival of the hostel was short-lived. It was burnt down in the year 1009 by Caliph El Hakim. 1099 A.D. Christian forces recaptured Jerusalem. The hostel was re- established, and Blessed Gerard (a Benedictine monk from Montague, France), was put in charge. The hostel now included a hospital for wounded crusaders and sick pilgrims, and Gerard received them, giving treatment for the wounded. It is in this year, to promote, maintain and perpetuate this work that Gerard founded the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, or what we today simply know as the Order of St. John. Blessed Gerard, founder of the Order of St John 1113 A.D. Pope Pasqual II formally recognized the Order, as a religious order of Hospitallers under the leadership of Blessed Gerard. 1120 A.D. Blessed Gerard died and Raymond Du Puy, a knight from Burgundy, France was elected to succeed Gerard. Raymond Du Puy is referred to as the First Grand Master of the Order of St. John. Despite the fact that Jerusalem was now under Christian control, pilgrims were continually being attacked. In order to protect the pilgrims, Raymond added a military role to the duties of a number of Hospitallers. These knights formed a military wing known as the Knight Hospitallers, making the order effectively a Military Religious Order. 1160 A.D. Raymond Du Puy died, having transformed the Order thus, and given them the role of ‘Champions of Christendom’, in addition to their role of taking care of the sick and injured. The Hospitallers were expelled from Jerusalem in 1187 A.D. when it fell to Saladin and his Muslim army. They moved to North Palestine, Cyprus, and finally attacking, capturing and settling on the island of Rhodes in 1310. In 1530 A.D., the Hospitallers were again homeless, after Turkish forces forced them to surrender, and Emperor Charles V gave them a home in Malta. St. John – Members Induction Handbook 4 1565 A.D. The Knights of St. John in Malta, under the leadership of their Grand Master Jean de la Valette turned back the Turks at the Great siege of Malta. In honor of their leader, the Knights of St. John built a new city and named it Valetta. Today Valetta is the capital city of Malta. Thus began a 200- year domination of the Mediterranean area by the Knights of St. John in Malta, a dominion that was only cut short by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798, when he expelled the Order from Malta. This was the end of the Order of St. John as a military order. Some of the Knights later settled in Rome, and changed their name to The Sovereign Military Order of Malta, a body that is still in existence today. Malta However, in Britain, the Order of St. John as we know it today was already in When Emperor Charles V the making. gave the Knights a home in Malta, they had no idea just The Order Finds a Home! how long they would have to stay there, or how much they would lose. But as it While fighting was going on in most of the world, the Order inevitably found turned out, Malta turned out its way to Europe, and specifically to Britain. We take this story up in the year to be on of the most the Order of St. John first arrived in England. important stops in the history of the Order. At the 1144 A.D. The Order of St. John sets up in Britain, founding a ‘priory’ at end of the great siege of Clerkenwell. This headquarters, referred to as the ‘Gate House’ was later Malta, 219 Knights and 9000 burnt down by peasants during the Wat Tyler’s rebellion of 1381. inhabitants were dead. It is recommended that one 1504 A.D. Grand Prior Thomas Dowcra completed rebuilding of the Gate reads a somewhat House at Clerkenwell, which today is the headquarters of the Order. sensationalized story of the Great Siege of Malta from 1540 A.D. The Order of St. John in England suffered the first of its ‘religious’ Charles Owen’s The Maltese Islands. woes when it was abolished by King Henry VIII after a disagreement with the Pope, and its properties confiscated. Although Queen Mary briefly reinstated it in 1557, Queen Elizabeth I again abolished it in 1558. The Order remained dormant in England for close to three centuries. 1798 A.D. Napoleon Bornapate expels the Order from Malta, causing some members of the Order to seek its revival in Britain. Finally, despite protestations by the head of the Order in Italy, this happened in 1831. 1831 A.D. The Order was revived in England due to the initiative of French knights. The Reverend Sir Robert Peat was elected Prior. St. John – Members Induction Handbook 5 1858 A.D. After years of fruitless negotiations with Rome, the Order in England proclaimed itself as an independent Order under the British crown, titled the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Thus was born the modern Order of St. John, independent from the Catholic Church and Rome. 1872 A.D. The first ambulance services of the Order of St. John operated in the pottery and mining districts of England. 1877 A.D. The St. John Ambulance Association was formed. Its aim was to train people in First Aid skills and provide ambulance support for home and work. A WW1 St John Ambulance 1882 A.D. The St. John Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem was established to [Courtesy: Order of St John provide care to people afflicted with treatable eye diseases and injuries. The Museum] St. John Eye Hospital in East Jerusalem, as it is now known, is today one of the world’s most renown centers for ophthalmic treatment. 1887 A.D. The St. John Ambulance Brigade was founded, to rope in volunteers willing to offer their time in offering First Aid to the community. Thousands were trained in First Aid, and the Brigade began to offer first aid and ambulance services at public events. The first public duty covered by the Brigade was the Golden Jubilee Celebration of Queen Victoria’s reign. 1888 A.D. The Order was formally incorporated as ‘The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England’ by a royal charter issued by Queen Victoria. She also became patron and Sovereign Head of the Order of St. John. **The Charter has undergone several amendments since. In 1926, King George V, an enthusiastic supporter of the Order, restyled the formal title of the Order, adding the ‘British Realm’ and ‘Venerable’. It thus became The Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. The current Charter was made in 1974 (It includes amendments in 1999 and 2002), and among other things, restyled the title of the organization to read The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, also simply known as The Order of St. John. A 1950s St John Ambulance 1922 A.D. The St. John Ambulance Cadet movement was founded. Brigade poster [Source: Order of St John 1987 A.D. The St. John Badgers movement was founded. Museum] And those were the dates and events (at least some of them!) that brought the Order of St. John to the 20th Century. St. John – Members Induction Handbook 6 The Mottoes of the Order The Order of St. John has two mottoes that sum up its objects and purposes. They are (predictably) in Latin, and are: Pro-Fide and Pro Utilitate Hominum Pro-Fide (for the Faith), the first great principle of the Order, calls for all that makes for the spiritual and moral strengthening of mankind. Pro-Utilitate Hominum (In the service of humanity), the second great principle, calls for the encouragement and promotion of all works of humanity and charity for the relief of persons in sickness, distress, suffering or danger without distinction of race, class or religion. The Eight Pointed Cross Perhaps the most interesting and lasting connection to our history, the 8- pointed cross can be traced back to the very beginning of the Order of St.
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