Displacement and Returns Update Returns Working Group, 31 Aug 2021 Protracted Displacement of Origin Factsheet

2 3 4 4 THANK YOU REFAATO at a glance

30 Aug 2021 GROUND RULES

• PLEASE mute your mic if you are not speaking to avoid any echo or disturbance for the other participants • Use the digital “Hand Raise” sign for questions/queries, you can drop your question/query in the chat box as well • Turn-off the video to minimize the usage of the bandwidth as much as possible • General questions will be addressed; however, we expect that some of them would need the specialized teams’ feedback as well as the Senior Management approval, therefore, a follow-up will be applied in cooperation with RWG in this regard WHO WE ARE?

REFAATO stands for? REconstruction Fund for Areas Affected by Terroristic Operations (REFAATO)

• Established by GoI in 2015 as per the National Budget decree #28 • The establishment was followed by declaring the REFAATO TOR as per decree #2/2015 • Organizational re-structured and accredited by COMSEC - Decree #3 dated 2017 • REFAATO’s areas of responsibilities defined to be: Anbar, Diyala, Salah al-din, Ninewa, North Babil, belt (Abo Ghareeb) and parts of Kirkuk

Key Objectives: The strategic objective of REFAATO is to contribute to restoring the situation to its previous state, by providing services to all individuals in the liberated areas • Reconstruction and rehabilitation of the areas affected by terroristic operations and alleviation of the impacts of terrorism there. • Fix the damages in the infrastructures • Compensating the wasted development opportunities to achieve the national, social and humanitarian objectives of Reconstruction. WHO WE ARE?; STRUCTURE

The administrative & THE OFFICE OF THE FUND affairs division

THE CONTROL AND The financial affairs INTERNAL AUDIT division THE PRESIDENT OF Administrative and legal REFAATO affairs section COUNSELORS The legal division The information and public relations The division of VICE PRESIDENT OF international affairs and REFAATO grants The contracts division The division of engineering and follow-up The engineering and THE BOARD OF technical affairs division TRUSTEES The technical affairs Division of planning & preparing of studies WHO WE ARE?

Vision: Building confidence between the Iraqis and the state on the one hand, and between and the international community on the other hand.

Mission: Rebuilding people and walls and sustaining the economic wheel in cities affected by terrorist operations.

REFAATO’s Strategic Dimensions: 1. The social dimension: Renewing the social bond between the government and citizens in the liberated areas, as well as rebuilding credibility and confidence 2. The economic dimension: To perpetuate the economic wheel in the affected areas in cooperation with the relevant parties 3. Physical dimension and services: Reconstruction of public and private infrastructure facilities affected by Terrorist Operations WHO WE ARE?

REFAATO aims to: 1. Provide a helping hand to the Iraqi government to rebuild vital parts of the destroyed infrastructure in order to return the displaced citizens to their homes and cities 2. Contributes to reviving local economies and re-integrating them with other economies in the country by reforming the connectors linking them 3. Contributes to improving living standards in the areas within the boundaries of the targeted municipalities by repairing and expanding most of the water supply, sanitation, transportation, electrical services, solid waste management, and debris removal HOW WE WORK?

The Fund acts as a coordinator and monitor for the implementation of loans provided to Iraq, such as the World Bank loan and the German Development Bank loan, which are implemented by sectoral ministries or through grants (the Kuwaiti grant for the health sector, the Chinese grant for municipal machineries, and the Czech grant for different sectors in Hamdaniyah). The fund also acts as an executor of projects presented to it from the affected governorates through the amounts allocated in the federal budget

Main responsibilities: • Ensure the with the concerned authorities to set priorities for projects in the affected governorates • Seek and identify grants, donations, aids and loans • Carrying out contracting procedures and following up the implementation of projects • Follow up the implementation of reconstruction projects financed by grants and loans • Presenting the necessary plans for reconstruction and setting the necessary policies to achieve the state's goals • Organizing and sponsoring local and international conferences and exhibitions related to reconstruction in an effort to attract grants, donations and assistance. HOW WE WORK?

Project Selection Criteria: • Population density • Level of damage • Scale and scope of the proposed project (financial cost, coverage of communities) • Level of benefit by the target communities P.S: ReFAATO doesn’t target projects with legal outstanding issues or has less than 70% of overall damage Project Identification Mechanism: For projects funded by federal budget MoP MoP Local Local government/ MoF/Donors government (for Initial (For Sectorial listing) endorsement) directorate For projects funded by loans:

MOP Local government REFAATO (for endorsement) REFAATO TYPE/STATUS OF PROJECTS

FEDERAL BUDGET SOURCE OF LOANS FUNDING GRANTS

LOANS GRANTS • EODP / Emergency Operation for Development • State of Kuwait Grant no. 79 to support health Project $350 M from World Bank sector in the liberated areas $100 M

• EODP- AF/ Additional Fund $ 400 M from World • Czech Republic Grant to support Electricity and Bank Health Sector in Hamdaniya/ Nineveh CK 10 M

• GCFI/ German Credit Facility to Assist the Return of • Republic of China Grant to supply machinery for IDPs in Iraq EUR 500 M from KfW Bank municipalities in the liberated areas CNY 60 M

EODP stands for: Emergency Operation for Development Projects TYPE/STATUS OF PROJECTS

Percentage of Contracted Number of Number of Number of Number of Financial completed to amount / contracted planned ongoing completed Notes year contracted Billion IQD projects projects projects projects projects Completed projects 100% 150 ـــــ 150 150 2016 19,784 97,432 2017 159 163 0 159 %100 3 projects planned for which work has been withdrawn 109,122 2018 196 198 6 190 %97 Two projects postponed to 2019

357,383 2019 446 462 158 288 65 16 projects that have not been contracted are postponed

4,962 2020 23 23 0 23 %100 All projects of the 2020 plan were implemented on the special program plan TYPE/STATUS OF PROJECTS

A TABLE REPRESENTING THE FIGURES OF PROJECTS OF REFAATO AS PART OF THE FEDERAL BUDGET BY SECTORS SINCE 2016 UNTIL 2020

Sectors Municipali Trade Education Higher interior Farming Youth and health Roads and electricity water and Water Government Total Governorate t-ies Education sports bridges sewage Resources circles

total done total done total done total done total done total done total done total done total done total done total done total done total done total done

Ninawa 21 18 8 5 39 29 26 17 8 7 6 2 1 0 10 10 10 10 21 14 8 7 3 2 8 5 169 126

Anbar 30 21 3 3 69 53 30 24 12 11 3 3 3 3 12 10 19 15 31 29 121 115 12 12 15 12 360 311

Salah Al Din 22 20 0 0 20 13 4 2 12 10 0 0 1 1 4 1 13 7 3 3 9 7 0 0 7 4 95 68

Diyala 21 12 0 0 21 16 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 1 4 2 56 52 18 15 22 19 0 0 0 0 146 118

Kirkuk 16 14 2 2 18 8 1 0 9 8 2 2 0 0 16 15 6 6 17 16 1 1 3 2 91 74

Baghdad 38 29 0 0 23 20 0 0 3 3 0 0 5 5 2 2 15 13 14 11 2 2 6 5 108 90

North Babil 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 1 0 17 17 0 0 0 0 23 22

Total 148 114 13 10 191 140 61 43 47 40 11 7 6 5 35 28 120 105 99 82 208 192 18 17 39 28 996 811 TYPE/STATUS OF PROJECTS (grants and loans)

GRANT AND LOAN PROJECTS FOR WHICH THE FUND ACTS AS A SUPERVISOR AND COORDINATOR Planned vs. ongoing vs. completed

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE OF FINANCING TYPE AMOUNT ALLOCATED PLANNED CONTRACTED COMPLETED ONGOING COMPLETED PROJECTS PROJECTS PROJECTS PROJECTS PROJECTS

World Bank Emergency Loan EODP $350,000,000 130 133 123 10 92%

World Bank Emergency Additional Loan EODP $400,000,000 145 133 44 89 33%

German grant for the Corona Pandemic $24,000,000 5 5 0 5 0%

German loan GFCI € 500,000,000 50 28 2 26 7%

Czech grant $458,000,00 10 10 10 0 100% Chinese grant (118) $9,000,000 7 7 7 0 100% Round 1 17 18 Kuwaiti grant $100,000,000 55 Round 2 37 31% 0 36 TYPE/STATUS OF PROJECTS

REFAATO’s projects can be easily checked through the below link. The website provides a general information on the geographical location of the project as well as its status (whether its planned, ongoing or completed) https://www.refaato.iq/en CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT

The REFAATO adopts a strategic approach to communication and communication with citizen engagement mechanisms. The communication strategy designed and implemented as a two-way communication to ensure that the voice of the communities is heard, enhanced and channeled through feedback mechanisms from the beneficiaries to ensure that their concerns and queries are addressed in a timely manner. Outreach activities also allow for the transmission of clear and consistent messages to support effective project implementation by proactively informing, directing and managing prospective beneficiaries and communities, promoting understanding and belief in the process, as well as generating and sustaining stakeholder interest and ownership of the rebuilding process. BENEFICIARY FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Online complaint/suggestion mechanism was formed to ensure the feedback of beneficiaries on REFAATO’s interventions.

http://refaato.net/form en/

Hotline phone number: 80011111 CHALLENGES

• Lack of sufficient financial resources to address all the needs • IED contamination in several locations (especially within the debris of the partially or fully damaged infrastructures) • Environmental and social related challenges • Coordination with partners on ground • Smart solutions on Capacity building of REFAATO’s governorate-based staff LINKAGES BETWEEN REFAATO AND THE NATIONAL PLAN

• (REFAATO) was established pursuant to Article 28 of the Federal budget law for 2015, in order to be a body that coordinates between the International organizations and Iraqi line ministries for the urgent reconstruction operations and to carry out the mid and long-term reconstruction operations for areas liberated from ISIS • The National plan (endorsed by the Council of Minister Mid March 2021) included different activities for which the REFAATO will be responsible for their implementation (particularly the rehabilitation/reconstruction of the damaged infrastructures) • The National Plan Fund (chaired by MoP) should finance the implementation of such projects moving forward • So far, nothing has been assigned to REFAATO from the Supreme Committee for relief and support displaced, however, REFAATO is a member and follows the action points accordingly in addition to providing regular updates to the rest of members COORDINATION WITH STABILIZATION PARTNERS

• Partners are welcomed to reach out to REFAATO directly for hand-to- hand coordination; [email protected] • REFAATO in coordination with DSTWG and ABCs will organize 3 times a year “Coordination Workshop” to enhance the coordination at governorate level and exchange information on needs/gaps/challenges (guidelines/methodology of such coordination with be determined later and shared with partners for feedback)

DSTWG Update

Presented to RWG 31 Aug 2021 Contents

• DSTWG General Updates • Localized DS Planning: Update on Area-based (ABC) Groups and DS Plans of Actions (PoAs) Overview of Durable Solutions Mechanism • DSTF (IOM + UNDP-led) – Providing overall strategic guidance and leadership, engaging at national level with government counterparts

• DSTWG (UNDP + IOM + NRC- led) – Smaller technical group, defining operational approaches, frameworks and guidelines for DS implementation, guiding and supporting ABCs

• Area-based Groups (ABCs): Developing and implementing DS localized plans of action

• RWG (IOM-led)– Pre-existing group, brought under the new mechanism as wider information sharing platform for DS DSTWG General Updates

• Introduction and Arrival of dedicated DSTWG UNDP Co-Chair Rene John Dierkx • Activity lists shared by extended partners in each ABC (BIG THANK YOU!) • Establishment of the guidance notes on the selection of new ABC areas and Focal Points: August- November • DSTWG disseminated information + call for expressions for partners to apply for ABC Mosul membership on 19 August • Shelter & HLP Sub-Group: Have noted that organizations have expressed interest. Will pick up this conversation in October 2021 • Monitoring & Assessment Sub-Group: Will work on finalizing Outcome Level framework this month, and will continue to work on Output level per ABC from Sept-Nov. 2021 • Social Cohesion Sub-Group currently review of Sinjar PoA through a social cohesion lens by TCC. The same procedure will take place for other PoAs once ready. DSTWG General Updates – Selection of ABC Mosul

• Selection of Mosul as next ABC confirmed.

• Call for expression of interest for ABC members

• Focal Points will be selected by the end of this week

• Successful members will be informed early next week DSTWG General Updates – Criteria for FP and Members

For ABC Focal Points • One from the humanitarian sector and one or two from development, stabilisation or peacebuilding • Available Time to Devote to the Role (30% a week on average) • Active/Knowledgeable about ABC Location (locally based) • Coordination Experience/Capacity (Good communication skills) • Commitment and Ability to represent ABC and not own Organization • Understanding of Durable Solutions (at least Basic) • Good relations/reputation in the community (known entity/org)

For ABC members • Possess active programmes in the ABC Area in question • From diverse sectors (HA/PB/Dev) and type of Orgs (UN, INGO, NNGO) Localized DS Planning: Update on Area- based (ABC) Groups and DS Plans of Actions (PoAs) Process

1. Prep by focal points and members - identify key issues, priorities, potential to support, based on available data, assessments, map out key stakeholders to engage Outreach 2. Local authority engagement - once proposition of approach ready, can be put forward to key government counterpart 3. Consult other local and international actors for inputs Planning 4. Organise roundtable 5. Further consultations and assessments as required 6. Drafting of plan 7. Plan to be shared for inputs, review Implementation 8. Finalisation, implementation, monitoring and follow-up.

Monitoring LOCALISED DURABLE SOLUTION PLAN OF ACTION Initial target areas

Governorate Sub-Districts Initial target locations (City, Town, Village, etc.) PoA Status West Anbar (Qaim, Rummana, Rawa, Haqlaniyah, Heet, Qaim Centre, Rummanah, T1 Station, Rayhana, Al Sagra, Barwana, Al- Developing Draft 0 Ana, Haditha, Heet) Forat, Dolab Anbar East Anbar (Fallujah, Ramadi, Rutba, Husai, Sobaihat, Al-Khairat, Al Shuhadaa, Al Tash, Saqlawiya, Hamira, Jazzirat al-Ramadi, Draft 0 ready Habaniyah, Amiriyat Al-Falluja, Garma) Low-cost shelter complex in Habbaniyah

Kirkuk Hawiga Al-Hawiga Al Abassy, Al Riyad, Al Zab, Markaz Al Hawiga Developing Draft 0

Sinjar Qaeyrrawan Tal Banet, Tal Qasab, Markaz Qaeyrawan Draft 1 ready Ninewa Markaz Ba'aj, Markaz Qahtaniya, Complexes South of Ba'a (Bad'ia, Resala, Saqqar, Al Ba'aj Developing Draft 0 Jamdaniya Musakar, Tanera, Albu Musa, Ziham, Esewed, Al-Ali, Shaq Al-Raq, Parwana, Imam Talib, Al- Diyala Muqdadiya, Jalawla, Saadiya Developing Draft 0 Jazeera Aura, Chemerkhi, Abu Dihn, Himbis, Bani Weis, Asakra, Murjana, Hamreen, Al Baiji city, Senya, Al Jedaeda neighbourhood, Al Shat neighbourhood, Al Sikak Baiji neighbourhood, Hay Al Resala

Salah al-Din West Shirqat (Eitha, Feleta, Mojama'at, Jumeilah, Tolol AL Baj) Developing Draft 0 Shirqat East Shirqat (Ganous Imam, Ganous Khemisat, Kanoos, Al Nahiyah, Sihal Al Madheef, Lazzagah, Auijilah, Haeygel, Hokna, Eldera Sulfa) ABC and PoA Progress

• General PoA Progress • Sinjar: First Draft finalized and circulated with set of extended partners, feedback has started coming in via shared Google Link • Ba’aj: Drafting in progress • Hawija: Zero draft process started • E. Anbar: Zero draft currently with IOM DTM • W. Anbar: Will start Zero Draft next week • SAD: Zero Draft should be ready by the end of this week • Diyala: Zero Draft content complete, needs to be shared with IOM DTM

• WFP contribution to PoAs – Infographics • List of Glossaries (to ensure consistency across PoAs) • Additional initial target locations in some ABC areas Timeline For Plans of Action

• Finalization of First Draft for all PoAs • Circulation with partners for feedback: August & September • All Draft PoA Feedback with DSTWG and DSTF members: September • Feedback session in (Gov, partners and communities): September • Simultaneous translation to English may be possible based on need and interest • Translation into Arabic: October-November Questions? Returns and Durable Solutions Assessment (ReDS)

Al-Synia – Beygee, Salah Al-Din

Preliminary findings presentation, Iraq

August 2021 Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Assessment Methodology

➢ The multi-sectoral assessment tool combined qualitative and quantitative data.

➢ Data collection was done remotely by phone between 23 June and 11 July 2021, adapted to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic local restrictions and associated measures.

➢ Purposive sampling methods were employed to identify KIs. Findings should therefore be considered as indicative.

➢ Methodology based on key informant interviews (KIIs).

KI profile in Al-Synia Sub-district Community leaders 14 KIs Subject matter experts (SMEs) 11 KIs Returnees (less than 3 months ago) 9 KIs 45 KIs IDPs (displaced from the area) 6 KIs Returnees (more than 3 months ago) 5 KIs Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Recent movements Recent returns Failed returns IDP movements 24-36 households 95-133 households 5-8 IDP households

As reported, the majority of As reported, the majority of As reported, the majority of IDP households who returned came households who failed to return households were re-displaced to from non-camp areas in attempted coming back home Tikri District and Kirkuk Suleymaniya, Erbil and Kirkuk from camps. Governorate. governorates, as well from Tikri The three most reported reasons District. The three most reported reasons for IDPs movement were: for failing to return were: The three most reported reasons ▪ Lack of job opportunities; for returning were: ▪ Destroyed/damaged housing; ▪ Lack of basic public services; ▪ Lack of job opportunities; ▪ Camp closures (or fear of it); and, and, ▪ Following the return of other ▪ Available jobs in area of re- ▪ Lack of basic public services. family members; and, displacement. ▪ Sense of increased security. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Expected movements Expected returns Expected host Expected IDP 54-103 households community arrivals

As reported, the majority of departures 20-30 IDP households households were expected to 28-34 households return from camps in Erbil, Kirkuk, As reported, all of these Salah Al-Din and Suleymaniyah households were expected to The three most reported reasons governorates. arrive from Al-Karama camp in to expect host community Salah Al-Din Governorate. The three most reported reasons departures were: The reported reasons for IDPs to to expect further return were: ▪ Lack of job opportunities; arrive were: ▪ Following the return of other ▪ Lack of basic public services; ▪ Al-Synia was considered as a family members; and, transition area; ▪ Camp closures (or fear of it); ▪ Perceived availability of jobs ▪ Camp closure; and, and, in other areas. ▪ Sense of increased security. ▪ Relatives present in the area. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Access to Housing and Type of Tenure

Questions in this section excluded IDP KIs from the community (6 KIs out of 45). Housing type Owned housing Verbal agreement (included IDP KIs from the community)

As reported, the majority of The majority of households who KIs reported that some households households in the sub-district owned house(s) reported having resided under verbal rental resided in houses or apartments. documents proving ownership. agreement. Some older returnee KIs reported A few KIs reported that some A few older returnee KIs also that returnee households resorted households were missing HLP reported that some returnee to this agreement due to: households resided in documentation, such as: unfinished buildings. ▪ Heirs deed certificate; ▪ Housing heavily damaged or destroyed; or, ▪ Housing endorsement certificate; and, ▪ Never owned a house.

▪ c ▪ Housing property document. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Evictions

Questions in this section were only asked to returnee KIs (14 KIs). Eviction Actual evictions Risk of eviction occurrence 5-10 returnee households KIs reported that returnees were These families were evicted due the displacement group most at Over half of returnee KIs reported to: risk of eviction in the long term. that there were no households or ▪ Inability to continue paying families actually evicted in the As reported, the most affected rent; six months prior to data collection. vulnerable groups were: ▪ House needed rehabilitation; • Female-headed households; ▪ Landlord planned to use or • Large families; and, sell property; and, • Families of members with ▪ Landlord refused to continue alleged links to ISIL. hosting the families. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Access to Housing Rehabilitation Challenges Support needed Affected profile

The vast majority of KIs reported As reported, the most difficult KIs reported that returnees and challenges to access housing support to obtain towards access IDPs from the community faced rehabilitation. to housing rehabilitation were: greater challenges compared to ▪ Financial support; other displacement groups. The three most reported ▪ Access to reconstruction challenges were: As reported, the three most projects; and, ▪ Limited support or neglection affected vulnerable groups were: ▪ Legal support (HLP). from the government to • Female-headed households; compensate; • Elderly-headed households; ▪ Lack of private financial Reported Proportion of and, resources for housing rehabilitation; and, Damaged Housing • UASC. ▪ High level of damaged or destroyed housing. 76%-85% Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Access to Compensation Mechanisms Accessibility Challenges

Over half of KIs reported that the majority of ▪ Delays for compensation claim applications; households were not able to access ▪ Lack of legal assistance for compensation compensation, affecting all categories similarly. claims; Perceptions toward the compensation process, as ▪ Lack of awareness about compensation reported, included: mechanisms; ▪ Long and complicated process; ▪ Lack of specialized judges and a public department to claim compensation; ▪ Households will not be compensated; and, ▪ Presence of intermediaries to process the ▪ Lack of trust in government capacity to support. claims; and, ▪ Circulation of illegal transactions for compensation. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Access to Basic Public Services

Questions in this section excluded IDP KIs from the community (6 KIs out of 45). Challenges Affected profiles

The majority of KIs reported challenges accessing KIs reported that returnees were the most affected basic public services, such as healthcare, displacement group. education, and WASH. As reported, the most affected vulnerable groups The three most reported challenges were: were: ▪ High level infrastructure destruction from military operations; • Female-headed households; ▪ Specialized staff remaining in displacement; and, • People with disabilities; and, ▪ Lack of financial allocations from the government • UASC. for rehabilitation. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Access to Livelihoods

Questions in this section excluded IDP KIs from the community (6 KIs out of 45). Access to job Challenges Potentials for opportunities sectoral growth The majority of KIs reported KIs reported a shifting in the challenges to accessing Returnee KIs reported that availability of job opportunities livelihoods. members of their community were compared to responses in 2014. mainly interested in the The three most reported agriculture and construction As reported, the most affected challenges were: sectors, followed by education. sectors were: ▪ Lack of decent job The same sectors were reported ▪ Governmental jobs (public opportunities; administration and defense); by community leader and SME ▪ Lack of financial support for KIs, showing growth potential in ▪ Trade, hotels and restaurants; start-ups; and, the 12 months following data ▪ Transportation. ▪ Limited jobs in construction. collection. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Access to Humanitarian Aid

Questions in this section excluded IDP KIs from the community (6 KIs out of 45). Activities Affected profiles Aid as a factor to

The majority of KIs reported that KIs reported that returnees had encourage return there were humanitarian less access to humanitarian activities or projects activities, followed by IDPs from IDPs from the community and implemented in their areas. the community, since they returnee KIs reported that access remained in displacement. to humanitarian aid was a factor ▪ WASH; to encourage returns. ▪ Housing and infrastructure As reported, the most affected The most reported desired rehabilitation; vulnerable groups were: activities were: ▪ Cash assistance; • Female-headed households; ▪ Livelihoods; ▪ Housing rehabilitation; • Elderly people. ▪ Food and NFI distribution; ▪ Infrastructure rehabilitation; ▪ COVID-19 awareness; and, and, ▪ PSS. ▪ Livelihoods. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Access to Judicial Mechanisms

Questions in this section excluded IDP KIs from the community (6 KIs out of 45). Challenges Affected profiles Missing

Almost half of KIs reported KIs reported that returnees documents challenges accessing judicial faced more challenges to access mechanisms, such as: judicial mechanisms, followed by Many IDPs from the community IDPs from the community, since and recent returnee KIs reported ▪ Destruction of the court building they remained in displacement. that households had missing in Al-Synia; documents, such as: ▪ The lack of legal authority in ▪ Passport; the sub-district to process legal files; and ▪ Birth certificate; ▪ Individuals forced to move to ▪ National certificate; other areas, namely to Tikri and ▪ Civil ID card; and, Beygee districts. ▪ Unified ID. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Perceptions on Governance

Questions in this section excluded IDP KIs from the community (6 KIs out of 45). Bodies “Power of tribal Bodies influencing system” influencing IDP governance As reported, the “power of the and returnee tribal system” played an essential affairs The majority of KIs reported that role in ensuring reconciliation in the most influencing bodies in the area, to such an extent that The majority of KIs reported that terms of governance were: security forces and local there were no bodies or authorities could not effectively structures influencing IDP and ▪ Local authorities; intervene to solve intercommunal returnee affairs. ▪ Tribal leaders; and disputes without resorting to ▪ Mukhtars. tribal leaders involvement. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Perceptions on Safety and Security

Questions in this section were asked only to returnee KIs (14 KIs). Feeling safe Freedom of Disputes

All returnee KIs reported feeling movement The majority of returnee KIs safe or very safe. reported that no disputes within All returnee KIs reported the the sub-district or between This situation was reported being ability to move freely during villages and no retaliation the same for women, girls, men the day and night. incidents occurred in the six and boys, according to most of months prior to data collection. KIs. This situation was reportedly the same for women, girls, men and However, a few KIs expected boys, according to most of KIs. occurrence of internal disputes affecting social cohesion with the return of additional households. Al-Synia Sub-district Key Findings Perceptions on Social Cohesion

Questions in this section were asked only to returnee KIs (14 KIs). Feeling welcomed Interaction Participation in

Half of returnee KIs reported The vast majority of returnee KIs decision making feeling welcomed or very reported that households welcomed. interacted with other groups The majority of IDP KIs from the (IDPs) but mostly within the community and older returnee KIs A few older returnee KIs reported same group. reported that they were not that some returnee households involved in decision-making felt somewhat welcomed. This interaction was reported to processes. ▪ Some family members had be a result of: While all recent returnee and a few alleged links to ISIL; and/or ▪ Kinship ties; older returnee KIs reported their ▪ Some families had outstanding ▪ Work and business relations; group households involvement in intercommunal disputes. and, decision-making processes. ▪ Friendship. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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