DOCSLIB.ORG

The British Betrayal of the Assyrians Yusuf Malek

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The British Betrayal of the Assyrians Yusuf Malek The British Betrayal Of The Assyrians THE BRITISH BETRAYAL OF THE ASSYRIANS YUSUF MALEK FORMERLY OF THE IRAQI CIVIL SERVICE JUNE 1917 - SEPTEMBER 6, 1930 Author of Les Consequences Tragiques du Mandat en Iraq 1932 With introduction by William A. Wigram, DD Published by the Joint Action of The Assyrian National Federation and The Assyrian National League of America - 1758 North Park Avenue, Chicago IL (Books may be secured by application of this address only) First published in 1935. Copyright 1936 By the Author No part of the book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America, The Kimball Press, Warren Point, N.J. Dedicated to the Assyrian People in commemoration of the Assyrians who suffered martyrdom at the hands of the Iraqi Government. Y.M. Assyrian International News Agency Books Online www.aina.org 1 AUTHOR’S PREFACE The atrocities deliberately perpetrated by the forces of Faisal, the puppet king on a shaky throne, led by their ill-bred officers against the Assyrians in Iraq during August 1933, the month that should mark a black spot in British history, have necessarily accelerated the publication--as an urgent necessity--of a part of a comprehensive book on the Iraqi minorities which I have in view. The British Government has betrayed, and has certainly proved herself unworthy of, the trust that other Eastern peoples have placed in her. She received many warnings as to the precarious position of the Iraq minorities in an emancipated Iraq, but it continued to ignore the appeals made to it and set aside the apprehensions felt even by the members of the Permanent Mandates Commission. Though unfortunately the Assyrian men, women, and children, who, in defence of their very honor, have been most brutally massacred with the usual Arab savagery, are lamentably and irretrievably lost, yet it is not too late to save the remnant if only as a monument to British perfidy and injustice. This is not impossible. It is incumbent upon the leaders who, rightly or wrongly, placed their “implicit trust” in the British Government and British liberal, to mend their ways. I am not cognizant of the circumstances that led the Assyrian leaders at the time to be swayed by the British policy but the blood of our martyrs who have fallen victims to the “implicit trust” and that villainous policy, is loudly crying to save those who are in the lion’s mouth. The Assyrian people who have been sorely tried for the last nineteen years (1915-1933) and have encountered many bitter tribulations, want and need a stable and honest policy that can offer it a real, permanent peace and security, which, in the last sixteen years (1918-1933) of trial has been definitely proved impossible under the British domination. In April 1933, I attempted to return to Iraq and had to see Sir Harold Stow, the British Consul-General of Betroth. He was kind enough to advise me to do so, but, at the same time, he communicated with the Iraqi Consul-General of Betroth, Camilla al Galena, to say that it would be in the interests of Iraq if I were allowed to return when the Iraq Government could place me under strict policy surveillance. I subsequently approached the Iraqi Consul in writing on the 15th of April and he, after having communicated with Badgered, sent me a letter No. 622/4/12 dated 22-5-33, the translation of which I append herewith: “The Ministry for Foreign Affairs has, in letter No. 3711, dated 3rd May, 1933, informed me that the Iraq Government cannot accede to the requests embodied in your application, but it can confirm that no legal action will be taken against you for your past prejudicial activities against the interests of Iraq.” This sounds very nice; but what about “illegal actions” so common in Iraq? The requests embodied in my application to which the Iraqi Consul makes reference, and to which the Iraqi Government could not accede, included a request for my personal safety and liberty while in Iraq. Upon further inquiry, the Consul on the 8th of June, 1933, informed me that he could give me no particulars other than those contained in his letter No. 622/4/12, dated the 22nd of May, 1933, which meant nothing to me because of its vagueness and ambiguity. Sir SAT’s recommendation, presumably made bona fide, was that I be permitted to return to Iraq under the understanding that I was to be placed under “strict police surveillance.” I discovered this from the Iraq Consul himself who was kind enough to furnish me with copies of his correspondence with Baghdad. I have quoted this minor case to illustrate the value of the League of Nations paper guarantees in Iraq for “the full protection of life and property of the Iraq minorities”, and to show how impossible it is for the members of the Iraq minorities, Chaldeans and others included, to approach the League of Nations and report the daily violations of the paper guarantees by the Iraq Government, however grave and acute such violations may be, without exposing themselves to reprisals. The pronounced policy of the Iraq Government clearly aims at the destruction and extinction of the Assyrian race by merging it forcibly in the body politic of Iraq. In the face of the recent atrocities (and more are probably to follow) committed against the Assyrian men, women, and children, against all laws of civilization in Iraq, and particularly in the Mosul Liwa, by the armed forces of the Iraq Government for which preparations were being made some months previously, England remained a mere observer, and her “moral responsibility” undertaken at Geneva through the medium of Sir Francis Humphrys, her 2 accredited representative, proved, as we constantly maintained in writing and otherwise, not to be worth the paper upon which it was recorded. In his last day, Sir Francis will have something on his conscience. We were betrayed by England on every possible occasion, and were finally handed over to a so-called Arab Government, without adequate or reasonable safeguards for our safety. Our grievances and claims have been deliberately misrepresented as I informed, (through the kind favour of Mr. George Naqqash, the brilliant Lebanese writer Mr. Rennie Smith of the Inter-parliamentary Union, London, from beginning to end, and it is the firm belief of many, as well as mine, that more misrepresentations will follow; hence there is the absolute necessity for the present work. As an Assyro-Chaldean by nationality, and one of the indigenous inhabitants from the heart of Mosul, with thirteen years of continuous experience of the Iraqi government and the British officials, I claim the right of being able to state our side of the case. Living in exile for the last twenty-nine months (April 1931-August 1933) with no possible access to my documents, I regret that I shall not be able to produce a comprehensive book as I originally desired. But my memory has not failed me, and will not, I hope, do so now. I hope that the present work will serve to give the readers, and particularly those interested in the Assyrians, a general idea as to the recent events leading up to the barbarous acts committed by the regular armed forces of the Iraq Government against the peaceful Assyrian civil population. Chapter I has been written by the Assyrian National League of America. Chapter V has been written by Col. F. Cunliffe-Owen. Chapters VII and second half of Chapter X have been written by Dr. David B. Perley. The indexing is also his work. Chapter XIII has been contributed by Col J.J. McCarthy. I am indebted to them all for their valuable services. For permission to re-publish Lt.-Gol.A.T. Wilson’s’ excellent Crisis in Iraq , originally published in the Nineteenth Century & After Review of October 1933, I am indebted to the author and to the publishers, Constable & Company, Limited, 10-12 Orange Street, London, W.C.2. For the reading of the galley proof, I am indebted to Mrs. D. B. Perley of New Jersey and Mr. George K. Eshaya of Illinois. For the reading of the page proof I am again indebted to the former. For the excellent illustrations, I am indebted to Mr. George Mardinly and to Mr. Lutfi Dartley, more especially to Mr. Charles S. Dartley, all of the State of New Jersey, U.S.A. It is a pleasing duty to express my sincere thanks to Hon. Nicholas O. Beery, the ex-Police Court Judge and Prosecutor of the Pleas of Passaic County in New Jersey, for his generous assistance rendered in reading and correcting every page of proof as it came from the compositor, and for his counsel with regard to matters of general presentation. My thanks are due also to the generous scholars, such as Max Zucker, Esquire, Rabbi and Lawyer, Judge Joseph A. Furrey, Joseph J. Durna, an attorney of New Jersey, and Prof. E.J. James, B.D., Ph.D of Chicago who have improved the book by their suggestions and painstaking criticism. It is gratifying to acknowledge my supreme obligation to the Assyrian National League of America and to the Assyrian National Federation* in America. The latter is composed of the Assyrian National Union, Inc. of Massachusetts, the Assyrian National Association of Connecticut, the Christian Aid Society of Philadelphia, Pa., the West New York Branch of New Jersey, the Newark Branch of New Jersey. Had it not been for their zealous co- 1 operation, the present work would not have been possible.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jews on Route to Palestine 1934-1944. Sketches from the History of Aliyah
    JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 JAGIELLONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY Editor in chief Jan Jacek Bruski Vol. 1 Artur Patek JEWS ON ROUTE TO PALESTINE 1934−1944 Sketches from the History of Aliyah Bet – Clandestine Jewish Immigration Jagiellonian University Press Th e publication of this volume was fi nanced by the Jagiellonian University in Krakow – Faculty of History REVIEWER Prof. Tomasz Gąsowski SERIES COVER LAYOUT Jan Jacek Bruski COVER DESIGN Agnieszka Winciorek Cover photography: Departure of Jews from Warsaw to Palestine, Railway Station, Warsaw 1937 [Courtesy of National Digital Archives (Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe) in Warsaw] Th is volume is an English version of a book originally published in Polish by the Avalon, publishing house in Krakow (Żydzi w drodze do Palestyny 1934–1944. Szkice z dziejów alji bet, nielegalnej imigracji żydowskiej, Krakow 2009) Translated from the Polish by Guy Russel Torr and Timothy Williams © Copyright by Artur Patek & Jagiellonian University Press First edition, Krakow 2012 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any eletronic, mechanical, or other means, now know or hereaft er invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers ISBN 978-83-233-3390-6 ISSN 2299-758X www.wuj.pl Jagiellonian University Press Editorial Offi ces: Michałowskiego St. 9/2, 31-126 Krakow Phone: +48 12 631 18 81, +48 12 631 18 82, Fax: +48 12 631 18 83 Distribution: Phone: +48 12 631 01 97, Fax: +48 12 631 01 98 Cell Phone: + 48 506 006 674, e-mail: [email protected] Bank: PEKAO SA, IBAN PL80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Contents Th e most important abbreviations and acronyms ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of Ministry in the Arabic Political Tradition Its Origin, Development, and Linguistic Reflection
    The Concept of Ministry in the Arabic Political Tradition Its origin, development, and linguistic reflection IVAN V. SIVKOV Abstract The paper presents the results of an analysis of the term “ministry” (wizāra) as one of the pivotal concepts in the Arabic/Islamic political tradition. The ministry as key political/administrative institution in the Arabic/Islamic traditional state machinery is researched from a historical/institutional perspective. The concept of ministry is treated from the point of its origin and historical development, as well as its changeable role and meaning in the variable Arabic political system. The paper is primarily dedicated to the investigation of the realization of the concept of ministry and its different types and branches in the Arabic language through the etymological and semantic examination of the terms used to denote this institution during the long period of administrative development of the Arabic world from its establishment as such and during the inception of the ʿAbbāsid caliphate to its usage in administrative apparatus of modern Arab states. The paper is based on Arabic narrative sources such as historical chronicles, collections of the official documents of modern Arabic states, and the lists of its chief magistrates (with special reference to government composition and structure). Keywords: term, terminology, concept, semantic, etymology, value, derivation Introduction The term wazīr is traditionally used to denote the position of vizier who was the state secretary, the aide, helper and councilor of the caliph/sultan of the highest rank in the administrative apparatus of ʿAbbāsid Caliphate and its successor states (e.g., Būyids, Fāṭimids, Ayyūbids and Salǧūqs).
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Educational Social
    CULTURAL EDUCATIONAL SOCIAL Established 1964 Publication of the Assyrian Foundation of America Volume 43, Number 4, 2019 Books Contents 4 The Lazarists and Daughters of 21 A Son’s Loving Tribute... ComprendreComprendre le M leoyen- Moyen-OrientOrient ClaireClaire Weibel Weibel Yacoub Yacoub La France et les CollectionCollection dirigée dirigée par J.-P. par ChagnollaudJ.-P. Chagnollaud Jonathon Malek QUELLEQUELLE CITOYENNETÉ CITOYENNETÉ LA LAFRANCE FRANCE ET ETLES LES ASSYRO-CHALDÉENS ASSYRO-CHALDÉENS Charity among the Assyro-Chaldeans DANSDANS LES LESCAMPS CAMPS DE RÉFUGIÉSDE RÉFUGIÉS ? ? Qu’enQu’en dit ditla pressela presse ? ? ParmiParmi les Chrétiens les Chrétiens d’Orient, d’Orient, les Arméniens les Arméniens sont sontdevenus devenus familiers familiers Abdulmesih BarAbraham, MSc. Assyro-Chaldéens Les palestiniensLes palestiniens au Liban au Liban aux médiasaux médias et à l’opinionet à l’opinion publique publique française. française. Mais Mais qu’en qu’en est-il est-il des des LALA FRANCEFRANCE Assyro-ChaldéensAssyro-Chaldéens ? Les ?connaît-on Les connaît-on vraiment vraiment ? Sont-ils ? Sont-ils les oubliés les oubliés de de Claire Yacoub Weibel la grandela grande histoire histoire ? ? Claire Yacoub Weibel ETET LES LES ASSYRO-CHALDÉENS ASSYRO-CHALDÉENS Il est unIl est fait un que fait la que presse la presse française, française, toutes toutes tendances tendances confondues, confondues, a parléa parlédes Assyro-Chaldéens,des Assyro-Chaldéens, ces Syro-Mésopotamiens,ces Syro-Mésopotamiens, chrétiens chrétiens 22 Letter from the Assyrian depuisdepuis deux deuxmille milleans. ans. e e Qu’en dit la presse ? Qu’en dit la presse? Dès leDès xix le xixsiècle, siècle, elle répercuteelle répercute abondamment abondamment les récitsles récits des des Qu’en dit la presse ? explorateursexplorateurs et les et événements,les événements, souvent souvent tragiques, tragiques, qui quitouchent touchent les Assyro-Chaldéensles Assyro-Chaldéens aux confinsaux confins des empiresdes empires ottoman ottoman et persan.et persan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Assyrian Liberation Movement and the French Intervention (1919 – 1922) Ashur Giwargis
    http://www.aina.org/articles/almatfi.htm News Releases Editorials Articles Reports Books Maps Forums Search Permissions Services Links Contact The Assyrian Liberation Movement And the French Intervention (1919 – 1922) Ashur Giwargis We read a lot about the Assyrian national movement in the 20th century; however, we seldom read about the French intervention in the Assyrian freedom movement and the leaders and axis that relied on France and its promises. There are many issues in this particular topic that Assyrian historians and writers prefer not to address because certain aspects of this history aroused, and unfortunately continue to arouse, strong emotions. However, these issues must be recorded in order to preserve historical integrity for present and future generations. In order to understand the role of the French in the Assyrian national movement, it is vital to have an understanding of the British-French conflict prior to World War I. For centuries, before the existence of Communism and Capitalism, these two nations had fought each other. The history of Franco-British confrontation reaches back to the 18th century American Revolution and the Napoleonic attempts to rule Europe. These events heralded tenacious and bitter conflicts during the 19th century that resulted in French expansion into Africa and Asia. It was only during the Third Republic (1871 -- 1940), after France had lost its war against Germany (1870), and the latter was united a year later by Otto Von Bismarck, that France came to a certain level of cooperation with the British. But the competition continued. During World War I France struggled to dominate new territories while fighting Germany and the Ottoman Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 United States District Court District of Connecticut Dr. Al Malik
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT DR. AL MALIK OFFICE FOR FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSULTANCY, Plaintiff, No. 3:19-cv-1417 (JAM) v. HORSENECK CAPITAL ADVISORS, LLC, Defendant. ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART MOTION TO DISMISS This case is about a consulting fee dispute. The plaintiff claims that the defendant agreed to pay the plaintiff about $1.5 million for consulting services in 2018 but that the defendant has only paid about half that amount. The plaintiff has filed this lawsuit alleging numerous claims, and the defendant in turn has moved to dismiss the claims for statutory theft and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. I will grant in part and deny in part the motion to dismiss. BACKGROUND The following facts are drawn from the complaint and are assumed to be true solely for the purpose of this motion to dismiss. Doc. #1. Plaintiff Dr. Al Malik Office for Financial and Economic Consultancy (“Malik”) is an eponymous sole proprietorship owned and operated by Dr. Ahmed Al Malik, a citizen and resident of Saudi Arabia. Malik provides consulting services for entities seeking funds from investors in Saudi Arabia. Doc. #1 at 1 (¶ 1). Defendant Horseneck Capital Advisors, LLC (“Horseneck”) is a Connecticut limited liability company that raises investment capital for businesses in the United States. Horseneck is 1 based in Greenwich, Connecticut, and is owned and managed by Christopher Franco. Id. at 1 (¶ 2). Malik has sued Horseneck principally seeking payment for consulting services that Malik rendered in Saudi Arabia for one of Horseneck’s investment fund clients.
    [Show full text]
  • Official General Report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page
    Official general report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page 1. Introduction 4 2. Information on the country 6 2.1. Basic facts 6 2.1.1. Country and people 6 2.1.2. History 8 2.2. System of government 17 2.3. Political developments 20 2.3.1. Internal relations 20 2.3.2. External forces 31 2.4. Security situation 36 2.5. Social and economic situation 48 2.6. Conclusions 53 3. Human rights 55 3.1. Safeguards 55 3.1.1. Constitution 55 3.1.2. Other national legislation 55 3.1.3. Conventions 56 3.2. Monitoring 56 3.3. Respect and violations 58 3.3.1. Freedom of opinion 58 3.3.2. Freedom of association and of assembly 59 3.3.3. Freedom of religion 60 3.3.4. Freedom of movement 73 3.3.5. Judicial process 83 3.3.6. Arrest and detention 84 3.3.7. Maltreatment and torture 87 3.3.8. Extra-judicial executions and murders 87 10804/00 dre/LG/mc 2 DG H I EN 3.3.9. Death penalty 87 3.4. Position of specific groups 88 3.4.1. Turkmens 88 3.4.2. Staff of international organisations 91 3.4.3. Conscripts, deserters and servicemen 96 3.4.4. Independent intellectuals and journalists 98 3.4.5. Prominent political activists 99 3.4.6. Fayli Kurds 99 3.4.7. Women 101 3.4.8. Orphaned minors 104 3.5. Summary 104 4. Refugees and displaced persons 106 4.1. Motives 106 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Assyrian Tragedy
    The Assyrian Tragedy The Assyrian Tragedy Annemasse February 1934 Assyrian International News Agency Books Online www.aina.org 1 The Assyrian Tragedy CONTENTS Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................3 Opinions and Facts ...............................................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER ONE...................................................................................................................................................6 Historical summary of the Assyrian Church and people...................................................................................6 CHAPTER TWO..................................................................................................................................................7 The Assyrians entry into the war 1914-18 ........................................................................................................7 CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................................10 The Mosul Wilayet and the Assyrians ............................................................................................................10 CHAPTER FOUR ..............................................................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • The Syrian World
    __« THF SYRIAN WORLD SALLOUM A. MOKARZEL, Editor. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE SYRIAN-AMERICAN PRESS 104 GREENWICH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. By subscription $5.00 a year. Single copies 50c. Entered as second-class matter, June 25, 1926, at the post office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. VOL. II. No. 11. MAY, 1928. I CONTENTS PAGE Word-Borrowing in English and Words Borrowed from the A rabic j PROF. BYRON SMITH BeVs Lions (Poem) § DR. SALIM Y. ALKAZIN Keyserling on the East 9 A Special Interview. Racial Origins 12 The Bedouin Child (Poem) 13 THEO. WATTS-DUNTON Cross-Currents in the East 14 THE EDITOR '-^ -t-r--*"~"----'~-~~—«——-——— *--+ -~..,-~~— -:Tt _ CONTENTS (Continued) PAGE War and the Small Nations 2^ KAHLIL GIBRAN The Scar (Short Story) 24 DR. N. A. KATIBAH Amara and her Master-Lover (Arabian Tale) SI Arab Proverbs JJ Arabic Newspapers in America 36 An Arab King at Home 40 When I Am Dead (Poem) 43 RAMSAY MOOREHEAD Spirit of the Syrian Press 44 Readers* Forum 49 Political Developments in Syria 51 Missionaries Among Moslems 53 | About Syria and Syrians 55 THE SYRIAN WORLD VOL. II. No. 11. MAY, 1928 Word-Borrowing in English AND WORDS BORROWED FROM THE ARABIC * By BYRON SMITH Professor of English in the American University of Beirut. It is my purpose in this paper to discuss the vocabulary of the English language, especially in connection with the words borrowed from the Arabic language. As new ideas arise in the history of a progressive people, new words are needed to express these ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Reflections | 5 August 2011
    1 | Edison Investment Research | Seismic reflections | 5 August 2011 Seismic reflections Confidence in Kurdistan grows Iraq, including the autonomous Kurdistan region, probably has the world’s largest concentration of untapped, easily recoverable oil reserves. Pioneering moves were made into Kurdistan in the 2000s by the likes of Gulf Keystone and Hunt Oil, with considerable drill-bit success. In late July, two important Kurdistan exploration and development deals were announced. These involve Afren acquiring interests in two PSCs with sizeable contingent reserves and a Hess-Petroceltic partnership signing two PSCs for exploration purposes. With increasing production and Analysts improving relations between the regional and Iraqi federal governments, Ian McLelland +44 (0)20 3077 5756 these deals reflect growing confidence in Kurdistan’s potential as a major Peter J Dupont +44 (0)20 3077 5741 new petroleum province. Elaine Reynolds +44 (0)20 3077 5700 Krisztina Kovacs +44 (0)20 3077 5700 Anatomy of the Kurdistan oil province [email protected] 6,000 Kurdistan is located in the North Arabian basin and is on same fairway as the 5,500 prolific oilfields of Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province, Kuwait, southern Iraq and Syria. 5,000 4,500 The geological backdrop to Kurdistan tends to be simple and is characterised by 4,000 3,500 large anticlinal structures, deep organic-rich sediments and carbonate reservoirs 3,000 mainly of Jurassic to Cretaceous age. Drilling commenced in the region in 2006. So far, 28 wells have been drilled, of which 20 have been discoveries, resulting in A pr/11 Oct/10 Jun/11 Fe b/11 Aug/10 Dec/10 Aug/11 estimated reserves of over 5.8bn boe.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdish Oppression Against Assyrians
    Oppression, Assassination, Torture, Harassment, Unfair, and Undemocratic Acts by Kurds and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) Against the Assyrians (also known as Chaldeans and Suryan) in North of Iraq. Compiled by Fred Aprim (ZINDA) After the 1991 uprising, Assyrians had good working relations with the various political groups in North Iraq. All the same, elections in the spring of 1992 would be a harbinger of problems to come - ultra-nationalists among some Kurdish parties tried and succeeded in exerting their influence over any Assyrian involvement in North Iraqi politics by creating a puppet "Christian Kurdish" party linked to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), the so-called United Kurdistan Christians (UKC). (http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2002/6.3.02/index.php#ZindaSays) (ATOUR) In 1992 some intellectual Assyrians published a communiqué, in it they warned against the continuous process of the Kurdification of the Iraqi people in north of Iraq. Then the ethnic and linguistic map of northern Iraq was not as it is today; some ten years after the no-fly zone has been established. For its importance, here is a passage from that communiqué: “The Kurdish leadership, and in a well-planned program, had begun to settle Kurds and in large numbers around Assyrian regions like Sarsank, Barwari Bala and others. This Kurdish housing project was naturally to change the demographic, economic, and civic structure of the Christian regions in only few short years; a process that forced the Christian to emigrate as the vacant homes were overtaken by the Kurds.” (http://www.atour.com/news/assyria/20030617a.html) (ATOUR) Francis Yusuf Shabo: born 1951 in Mangesh (Duhok Province), married with four children.
    [Show full text]
  • BASRA : ITS HISTORY, CULTURE and HERITAGE Basra Its History, Culture and Heritage
    BASRA : ITS HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE CULTURE : ITS HISTORY, BASRA ITS HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE CELEBRATING THE OPENING OF THE BASRAH MUSEUM, SEPTEMBER 28–29, 2016 Edited by Paul Collins Edited by Paul Collins BASRA ITS HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE CELEBRATING THE OPENING OF THE BASRAH MUSEUM, SEPTEMBER 28–29, 2016 Edited by Paul Collins © BRITISH INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF IRAQ 2019 ISBN 978-0-903472-36-4 Typeset and printed in the United Kingdom by Henry Ling Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD CONTENTS Figures...................................................................................................................................v Contributors ........................................................................................................................vii Introduction ELEANOR ROBSON .......................................................................................................1 The Mesopotamian Marshlands (Al-Ahwār) in the Past and Today FRANCO D’AGOSTINO AND LICIA ROMANO ...................................................................7 From Basra to Cambridge and Back NAWRAST SABAH AND KELCY DAVENPORT ..................................................................13 A Reserve of Freedom: Remarks on the Time Visualisation for the Historical Maps ALEXEI JANKOWSKI ...................................................................................................19 The Pallakottas Canal, the Sealand, and Alexander STEPHANIE
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42530-8 — Under Caesar's Sword Edited by Daniel Philpott , Timothy Samuel Shah Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42530-8 — Under Caesar's Sword Edited by Daniel Philpott , Timothy Samuel Shah Index More Information Index al-Abadi, Haider, 39 African Union Mission in Somalia Abdelati, Rabie, 97 (AMISOM), 75 Abdollahi, Rasoul, 137 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 136 Abducted in Iraq: A Priest in Baghdad, Ahmadis, 378, 382 37 aid neutrality, 474, 482 Abdullah (king of Saudi Arabia), 159 Aid to the Church in Need, 463, 465, 487 Abdullah, Abdul Aziz bin, 148 Aikman, David, 347, 352 Abdullah II (king of Jordan), 47 Akinola, Peter, 20 Abedini, Saeed, 140 Al-Azhar, 58 academic dialogue in Pakistan, 251 Alderstein, Yitzchok, 130 accommodation strategies Aleksei (patriarch of Moscow), 196 in China, 348, 354 Alencherry, George, 275 in Sri Lanka, 285 Aleppo, Syria, 40, 45 of Western Christians, 445 Ali, Suryadharma, 382, 384 ACCORD, 444 Alito, Samuel, 441 ACT Alliance, 465, 473 All India Catholic Union (AICU), 270 Ad Scapulam (Tertullian), 18 All India Christian Council (AICC), 270 Adaktusson, Lars, 466, 487 All Pakistan Minorities Alliance (APMA), 2, ADRA (Adventist Development and Relief 254 Agency), 185 Allen, John, 396, 421 Advisory Council of Heads of Protestant Allende, Salvador, 403 Churches of Russia, 225 Alliance Defending Freedom, 443 advocacy Alliance Defending Freedom International religious freedom advocacy by Christian (ADF), 273 TANs, 483 alliance with authoritarians, 60 in Vietnam and Laos, 324, 330 All-Union Council of Evangelical Christian- Afghanistan Baptists, 209 blasphemy, 242 Al-Monitor’s The Pulse of the Middle
    [Show full text]