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Download Full Article 945.9KB .Pdf File https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1972.33.10 7 February 1972 THE AUSTRALIAN EARTHWORM GENUS SPENCER1F.LLA AND DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW GENERA (Megascolccidae: Oligochaeta) By B. G. M. Jamieson University of Queensland Abstract A neotype is designated for a rediscovered specimen of Diporochaeta notabilis, the only known material of the type-species of SpencerieHa Miehaelsen. The genus appears to belong to a Dichogttster-Megascolides group of genera, though poor preservation precludes certain demonstration of the stomate median meronephridia diagnostic of the group. Specimens from Lord Howe Island are shown to merit recognition of a new genus and species, Paraplutellus insularis, closely allied to Heteroporodrilus Jamieson and Plutellus Perrier on the Australian mainland. The new genus Simsia is established to receive six Victorian species assignable in former classifications to Plutellus, including the new species Simsia longwarricnsis. The type- species S. tuberculoid (Fletcher) is shown to be a senior synonym of Megascolides roseus Spencer. Paraplutellus and Simsia are members of a Perionyx group of genera. Introduction segment V, meronephridia, and tubular prostate glands with unbranched lumen. This superficial The author is currently studying the Baldwin definition (which ignored morphological hetero- Spencer earthworm collection through the kind geneity in other respects) and the disjunct geo- co-operation of Dr B. J. Smith and the authori- graphical distribution, has resulted in a poly- ties of the National Museum of Victoria. Atten- phyletic genus. Revision of the genus and tion has initially been directed to resolving the elucidation of the affinities of the included heterogeneous and clearly polyphyletic assemb- species necessitates examination of the type- lages Plutellus and Diporochaeta into distinct species. Jensz and Smith ( 1969) stated that the and individually more homogeneous groupings. type specimens had presumably been lost and no This paper is confined to consideration of four other specimens of the species were known. The species which in previous classifications would author has examined an unidentified perichac- have been assignable to Plutellus or Diporo- tine specimen from the type locality, Dimboola, chaeta but which represent three distinct genera Victoria, and finds it to be unequivocally iden- of which two are new to science. — Diporochaeta) nota- Diporochaeta notabilis Spencer, 1900, was tifiable as SpencerieHa ( bilis. As it is not possible to prove indisputably made the type-species of a new genus Spen- it is the lost scries, and because cerieHa by Miehaelsen (1907). With D. nota- that part of type of its significance for revision of the genus and bilis were included the two Victorian species, D. maplestoni Spencer, 1900, and tentatively for nomenclatural stability, it is here designated neotype. This specimen is described below, Perichaeta lateralis Spencer, 1892b, and also a its significance discussed. the two New Zealand species Diporochaeta and gigantea Benham, 1906, and D. shakespeari It has been shown (Jamieson 1970, 1971b) genus Plutellus Benham, 1906. S. shakespeari was shown by that the large circummundane restricted only of the Lee (1962) to be a junior synonym of S. (for must be to two known merly Megascolex) antarctica (Baird, 1871). species, Plutellus heteroporus Perrier, 1873, Lee (1959) added two further species from and Plutellus manijestus (Fletcher, 1889). Resolution of the remaining congeries has been New Zealand, S. argillae and S. pallida, bring- (Jamieson 1971a) resurrection ing the generic total to seven species. commenced by Miehaelsen erected SpencerieHa for species of Fletcherodrilus Miehaelsen, 1891. In the group of Victorian species with more than eight setae per segment, one to present study a which Plutellus three pairs of spermathecal pores, a gizzard in were formerly ascribable to will be 73 74 B. G. M. JAMIESON strong, shown to warrant recognition as a distinct new and 8/9 moderate, 9/10—12/13 fairly genus. 13/14 and 14/15 slight, the remainder thin. A previously unidentified species from Lord Last pharyngeal glands in V, overlying the giz- Howe Island, assignable to Plutellus sensu zard. Dorsal blood vessel single, fragmented but Stephenson 1930, will be shown to represent a apparently continuous onto the pharynx. Dor- new nionotypic genus allied to Heteroporodrilus soventral commissural vessels paired in VI-XH; hearts, Jamicson, 1970, and to Plutellus s. str. those in X-XII forming rather narrow each of which is latero-oesophageal, arising Systematica from the dorsal vessel but also receiving a con- Genus Spenceriella Michaelsen, 1907 nective from a calciferous vessel where the Spenceriella notabilis (Spencer, 1900) latter joins a narrow supra-oesophageal vessel. re- Hg. 1 D-H. The calciferous vessel circumscribes and Diporochaeta notabilis- Spencer, 1900: 57-58, PI. 10, ceives vessels from the corresponding calcifer- figs. 76-78. Supra-oesophageal restricted to X- Spenceriella notabilis; Michaelsen, 1907: 161. ous gland. XII. A latero-oesophageal vessel on each side 1 = 36 mm, w (midclitcllar) = 3 mm, s = supplies the calciferous glands. Gizzard large, 1 16. Form fairly stout, circular in transverse firm and barrel shaped, in V. Calciferous glands section throughout, lacking secondary annula- four pairs, in X-XIII, each a large anteropos- tion. Prostomium epilobous 3/4 open and teriorly depressed lobe filling the space between almost parallel-sided, the lateral margins per- the hearts and the oesophagus in X-XII and haps continuous as faint grooves to interseg- communicating with the oesophagus by the ment 1/2, i.e. possibly tanylobous. First dorsal narrowed ventromedian portion of the gland, pore 4/5 (?), as noted by Spencer. Setae peri- which forms a short duct; each gland with ap- chactine commencing in II, the setal rings proximately 24 radial septa most of which unite interrupted dorsally and ventrally in the midline centrally. Intestine commencing, with abrupt except posteriorly where /; lines become irregu- expansion and a narrow oesophageal valve, in lar. Numbers of setae in XII: 11 (left), 11 XV. Typhlosole and muscular thickening ab- (right); in XXV: 1 1 (left), 10 (right); at the sent. posterior end 12 (left), 10 (right). Nephro- pores not externally visible. Clitellum poorly Nephridia: meronephridia, not sufficiently developed, annular, on XIV-XVI but inter- well preserved to allow confirmation of Spencer's segments 13/14 and 16/17, like those between, observation of pharyngeal nephridia. At the are faint, suggesting that when fully developed posterior end of the body preservation is gener- the clitellum would occupy at least part of XIII ally inadequate for determination of nephridial and XVII; dorsal pores, intersegmental furrows morphology beyond recognition of several rows and setae retained. Male pores represented by of meronephridia on each side but in one seg- a pair of indistinct papillae on XVIII approxi- ment the nephridium nearest the nerve cord mately in a lines. Accessory genital markings a was observed to have a preseptal funnel. Testes pair of ellipitical dark glandular areas in X, and funnels not visible but holandry indicated XIX, XX immediately lateral of a lines, those by the presence of racemose seminal vesicles in X and XX with depressed elliptical centres in IX and XII. Prostates racemose, bipartite with narrow pale rims, possibly also represented with a small anterior and larger posterior lobe on XVIII in b line on the right side. Female and short muscular duct; surface slightly lobu- pores minute orifices median and slightly an- lated; the exact form uncertain owing to partial terior of setae a of XIV in a common elliptical fragmentation; no central lumen detectable in slightly tumid field. Spermathecal pores rep- transverse serial sections. Ovaries (elongate resented by a single pair of elliptical interseg- wisps consisting of several chains of oocytes) mental markings in 7/8, about as wide as ab and funnels in XIII. Spermathecae a single pair, in which their centres lie very slightly median in VIII; each with a sac-like ampulla approxi- of b. mately four times as long as wide, which is Septal thickening: 5/6 and 6/7 slight, 7/8 joined cctally, without the intervention of a EARTHWORM SPENCERIELLA 75 separate duct, by a lateral digitiform diverti- annular, not extending behind the male pores. culum which is longer than the ampulla. Length A pair of combined male and prostatic pores of right spermatheca = 98 mm; ratio of total on XVIII; the prostates thickly tubular, some- length: length of diverticulum = 0-7. times with lobulated surface; prostate duct mus- Material examined: A single imperfectly cli- cular, lacking distinct ectal dilatation. Penial tellate specimen labelled only 'Dimboola, Vic- setae present or absent. Accessory genital mark- toria, Oct. 1892', Nat. Mus. Vict. G353, here ings present. Spermathecal pores two ventral designated a neotype. pairs, segmental or at the anterior border of their segments, the posterior pair on IX. Remarks: The above account considerably aug- Some preclitellar septa thickened. Gizzard ments and closely accords with that of Spencer well developed, in V. Oesophagus strongly di- (1900). The only noteworthy departures of the lated in XV and XVI to form two unpaired newly examined material from Spencer's des- annular (calciferous?) glands, sometimes with cription are the racemose as opposed to tubular lesser dilatation in XVII, intestine commencing prostates and the intestinal origin
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