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1 View the Baseline ASEAN WPS study at: http://www.nvpf.org The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NP Philippines. copyright©2021 NP Philippines Manufactured in the Philippines All rights reserved Cover and Inside Photos: Courtesy of NP Philippines and NCWP 2 3 Foreword am pleased to present this baseline study constraining factors, structural and sociocultural capturing the role and participation of wom- gains, and best practices in peacebuilding. A en in peace and security in Myanmar, Philip- riveting evidence of the study is the ability of pines, and Thailand to our partners and women to advance WPS notwithstanding their Istakeholders. This study is one of the trailblazing un/underrepresentation and limited space in the outputs of NP’s Women Peace and Security formal peace process. Women peacebuilders (WPS) flagship program in the ASEAN region underwent an ordeal to defy personal, socio- called Women-IMPACT or Women Creating Impact cultural, and structural barriers and dealt with on Peacebuilding and Conflict Transformation. The diverse stakeholders and contexts to push for- program mainly aims to enhance the capacity and ward women’s agenda in the peace process. A participation of women-led CSOs and institu- best practice the study notes across the three tions in peace and security initiatives. Thanks to countries is the involvement of men in advancing the Mission of Canada to ASEAN, through its women’s agenda in the peace process and Canada Fund for Local Initiatives (CFLI), the pro- related initiatives. gram has achieved a breakthrough as NP com- mences to broaden its reach and impact in the This study presents lessons learned and regional setting. conclusions to highlight the significant gains of women peacebuilding and emphasize the need Clearly, the realization of the program is a for concrete actions to implement and significant milestone for the organization. Unde- institutionalize WPS agenda in the three coun- niably, though, WPS mainstreaming remains a tries in particular and in ASEAN in general. It huge undertaking in the region, especially has put forward recommendations on WPS amidst the COVID-19 situation, requiring sus- mainstreaming to the following: 1. ASEAN inter- tained commitment and innovative cooperation governmental body in institutionalizing best prac- of various actors. Upon the conceptualization tices across its member states; 2. CSOs in build- of the program, NP strategically collaborated ing, strengthening, and sustaining gains in their with the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Recon- areas of operation; and 3. donor agencies for ciliation (AIPR) to contribute to the strengthen- more support in research, knowledge manage- ing of the latter’s mandate as women and gender ment, resource sharing, and implementation at -promoting institution on peace, conflict man- the country and community levels. agement, and conflict resolution in line with the ASEAN’s political- security community pillar and I hope this study would be of valuable use to our the Member States Joint Statement on WPS in partners and stakeholders as we work together the ASEAN. in advancing WPS in the region. This initiative is just the start of the mission. Let us strive to the This baseline study was conducted to demon- best of our capacity to translate the recommen- strate women’s role and participation in peace dations into real actions on the ground. and security, draw out a regional perspective and database through comparative examples of wom- en’s participation in local peacebuilding initia- tives, and identify possible courses of action in Delsy Ronnie, PhD mainstreaming WPS in the region. Despite its Head of Mission for Philippines and limitation to three countries, study findings Regional Representative for Asia provide substantial information on the patterns Nonviolent Peaceforce and trends in peace and security situation, roles 25 February 2021 and participation of women, enabling and 4 Acknowledgments This report was written by Maria Josefa P. Petilla, PhD, an independent consultant, with her team, Maria Lourdes L. Aseneta and Patricia L. Adversario, for the Nonviolent Peaceforce (NP) Philippines. Special thanks to the women peacebuilders who took time to serve as participants in the study: Miriam Coronel-Ferrer, Jasmin Nario - Galace, Yasmin Busran- Lao, and Irene M. Santiago (Philippines); and Former Ambassador Nongnuth Petcharatana (Thailand). Many thanks to all NP Philippines staff involved in the project: Carmen Lauzon-Gatmaytan (Program Coordinator-Focal Person for WPS), Aldrin C. Norio (Program Development Manager), and Dr. Delsy Ronnie (Head of Mission). Also, many thanks to Canada Fund for Local Initiatives (CFLI) for making this project possible. 5 Contents Foreword 4 Acknowledgments 5 Acronyms 8 List of Terms 10 Executive Summary 11 Chapter 1 Introduction 23 Background and Rationale 24 Questions and Objectives 26 Scope and Limitation 26 Framework 26 Methodology 27 Chapter 2 Case 1: Republic Union of Myanmar 29 Peace and Security Situation 30 Women in Peacebuilding 41 Enabling and Constraining Factors 43 Outcomes and Impacts 45 Best Practices 46 Lessons Learned and Way Forward 47 References 49 6 Contents Chapter 3 Case 2: Republic of the Philippines 53 Peace and Security Situation 54 Women in Peacebuilding 62 Enabling and Constraining Factors 65 Outcomes and Impacts 66 Best Practices 68 Lessons Learned and Way Forward 69 References 71 Chapter 4 Case 3: Kingdom of Thailand 77 Peace and Security Situation 78 Women in Peacebuilding 82 Enabling and Constraining Factors 83 Outcomes and Impacts 86 Best Practices 87 Lessons Learned and Way Forward 88 References 90 Chapter 5 Patterns and Trends Across the Three Countries 93 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 103 7 Acronyms AIPR ASEAN Institute of Peace and Reconciliation ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AWPR ASEAN Women for Peace Registry BPfA Beijing Platform for Action CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women CSO Civil Society Organization GIWPS Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security KII Key Informant Interview NAP National Action Plan NGO Nongovernment Organization NP Nonviolent Peaceforce SDG Sustainable Development Goals UNSCR Union Nations Security Council Resolution WPS Women, Peace, and Security Myanmar Case AA Arakan Army ABSDF All Burma Students’ Democratic Front AFPFL Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League party AGIPP Alliance for Gender Inclusion in the Peace Process ALP Arakan Liberation Party BGF Boarder Guard forces BWU Burmese Women’s Union CNF Chin National Front CSFoP Civil Society Forum on Peace (CSFoP) 21CPC 21st Century Panglong Conference DKBA Democratic Karen Benevolent Army EAO Ethnic Armed Organization GEN Gender Equality Network JICM Joint Implementation Coordination Meeting JMC Joint Monitoring Committee KIA Kachin Independence Army KNPP Karenni National Progressive Party KNU Karen National Union/Karen National Liberation Army KWPN Kachin Women Peace Network LDU Lahu Democratic Union MWO Mon Women’s Organization NCA Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement NCCT Nationwide Ceasefire Coordinating Team NDAA-ESS National Democratic Alliance Army NLD National League for Democracy 8 NMP New Mon Party NRPC National Reconciliation and Peace Centre NSCN-K National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang NSPAW National Strategic Plan for the Advancement of Women PNLO Pa-O National Liberation Organization PoVAW Prevention and Protection of Violence Against Women SD Senior Delegation SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence SF Shalom (Nyein) Foundation SSA/RCSS Shan State Army/Restoration Council of Shan State SSA/SSPP Shan State Army/Shan State Progress Party (SSA/SSPP) SWAN Shan Women’s Action Network TNLA Ta’ang National Liberation Army UPC Union Peace Conference UPDJC Union Peace Dialogue Joint Committee UPWC Union Peacemaking Working Committee UWSA Wa State Army/Party WCDI Women Can Do It WIN-Peace Women in Peace WIP Women’s Initiative Platform WLB Women’s League of Burma WLC Women’s League of Chinland WN Wunpawng Ninghtoi WON Women’s Organizations Network Philippines Case ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao BARMM Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BIFF Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters BTA Bangsamoro Transition Authority CAB Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro CARHRIHL Comprehensive Agreement on the Respect of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law CBA-CPLA Cordillera Bodong Administration – Cordillera People’s Liberation Army CPE Center for Peace Education CPP Communist Party of the Philippines GPH Government of the Philippines GZOPI Gaston Z. Ortigas Peace Institute IDPs Internally Displaced Persons ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LPEs Localized Peace Engagements 9 MCW Mindanao Commission on Women MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front MNLF Moro National Liberation Front NAP National Action plan NDF National Democratic Front NDFP National Democratic Front of the Philippines NPA New People’s Army NSC-WPS National Steering Committee on Women, Peace and Security OPAPP Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process RPMM Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Managagawa ng Mindanao RPMP-RPA-ABB Rebolusyonaryong Partidong Manggagawa ng Pilipinas/ Revolutionary Proletarian Army/ Alex Boncayao Brigade- WAGI Women and Gender Institute WEAct Women Engaged in Action on UN
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