P1 FREECULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 Culture CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P2

MAJORIN AFRO-CARIBBEAN FIGURES HISTORY PT 3 JOSEPH ROBERT LOVE, KNOWN AS DR. ROBERT LOVE (2 OCTOBER 1839 – 21 NOVEMBER 1914) JOSEPH ROBERT of Toussaint Louver- 1873-1875 for two LOVE, known as ture, one of Haiti’s years. After the Dr. Robert Love (2 famous founding fa- Delaware confer- October 1839 – 21 thers. ence in 1878 to dis- November 1914), In 1870, Rev. Jo- solve the National was a 19th-centu- seph Robert Love Grand Lodge both ry Bahamian-born was deputized by states agreed upon medical doctor, the Independent a merger between clergyman, teach- Grand Lodge of New the Most Worship- er, journalist, and York to organize ful Sovereign Grand politician. He lived, lodges in the South. Lodges and Union studied, and worked In compliance with Grand Lodge of successively in the his commission he Compact National Bahamas, the Unit- organized the first Grand Lodge orga- ed States of Amer- Independent Grand nized in June 25, ica, Haiti, and Ja- Lodge of Florida and 1875 the Florida/ maica. Love spent Georgia. He served Georgia. In Florida the last decades of as the 1st Most the Prince Hall Affil- Joseph Robert Love, known as Dr. Robert Love his life in Jamaica, Worshipful Grand iated body is known (2 October 1839 – 21 November 1914), where he held polit- Master of Prince as the Most Wor- ical office, published October 1839. He Buffalo in New York. Hall Freemasonry shipful Union Grand a newspaper, and worked as a teach- He subsequent- for two years 1870- Lodge Most Ancient advocated for the er before going to ly moved to Haiti, 1872 in the Most and Honorable Fra- island’s black ma- Florida, where he where he served Worshipful Sover- ternity, Free and jority. became a clergy- as the rector of an eign Grand Lodge Accepted Masons, man in the Episco- Anglican church in of Florida and in State of Florida Early life, educa- palian Church. He Port-au-Prince and the Most Worship- and Belize, Central tion and fraternal also studied med- held a high post in ful Sovereign Grand America, Jurisdic- affiliations icine and obtained the country’s med- Lodge of Georgia tion, Incorporated Love was born in a medical degree ical department. the Bahamas on 2 at the University of Love was an admirer CONTINUED ON PAGE 4 AFRO-CARIBBEAN - SIR DEREK ALTON WALCOTT PT 3 SIR DEREK AL- os which he be- cott. Walcott mar- TON WALCOTT, lieves Walcott fails ried a second time KCSL, OBE, OCC to successfully sus- to Margaret Mail- (23 January 1930 – tain over its entire- lard in 1962, who 17 March 2017). ty. Although Omer- worked as an almo- Kirsch calls An- os is the volume of ner in a hospital, other Life Walcott’s Walcott’s that usu- and together they “first major peak” ally receives the had two daugh- and analyzes the most critical praise, ters, Elizabeth, painterly qualities Kirsch believes that and Anna; they of Walcott’s imag- Midsummer is his divorced in 1976. ery from his earli- best book. In 1976, Walcott est work through His poetry, as married for a third to later books like spoken perfor- time, to actress Tiepolo’s Hound. He mance, appears Norline Metivier (di- also explores the briefly in the - sam vorced in 1993). He post-colonial politics pled sounds in the Walcott at an honorary dinner in Amsterdam, was survived by his in Walcott’s work, music album of the 20 May 2008 - Photo by Wiki longtime compan- calling him “the group Dreadzone. ion, Sigrid Nama, postcolonial writer Their track enti- filmmaker Ida Does Personal life a former art gallery par excellence.” He tled ‘Captain Dread’ released “Poetry is In 1954 Walcott owner. calls the early poem from the album an Island”, a fea- married Fay Mos- Walcott was also “A Far Cry from Af- ‘Second Light’ incor- ture documentary ton, a secretary, known for his pas- rica” a turning point porates the fourth film about Derek but the marriage sion for travelling in Walcott’s devel- verse of Walcott’s Walcott’s life and ended in divorce in to countries around opment as a poet. 1990 poem ‘The the ever-present in- 1959. They had a Like Logan, Kirsch Schooner Flight’. fluence of his birth- son, the St Lucian CONTINUED is critical of Omer- In 2013 Dutch place of St Lucia. painter Peter Wal- ON PAGE 4 P3 CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 Culture MARCH 2018 - CULTURAL XPRESSION - PG 4

Culture CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P4 ST MARTIN BOOK FAIR AFRO-CARIBBEAN JOSEPH ROBERT LOVE JUNE 1-3 2018 ..FROM P2 MARIGOT/ GREAT BAY (April 8, Prince Hall Affiliated chairman of the 2018)—What better and Most Worshipful Saint Andrew Paro- way to announce the Prince Hall Grand chial Board, as well date of St. Martin Book Lodge of Georgia as a justice of the Fair 2018? Out of the Free and Accepted peace in Kingston, mouths and actions Masons the Kingston Gen- of babes! First grad- Political career eral Commissions er Timothy (in photo) After 10 years in and as a trustee of and his baby brother Joshua heard on SOS Haiti, Love moved Wolmer’s schools. radio 95.9 FM, “about to Jamaica in 1889. Love published two the financial difficul- There he started works, Romanism ty that the Book Fair the Jamaica Advo- is Not Christianity Committee, BFC, is cate, which became (1892), and St. Pe- facing at this recovery period in St. Martin,” an influential news- ter’s True Position in said Shujah Reiph, the paper on the island. the Church, Clearly literary festival coordi- Love used the pa- Traced in the Bible nator. The boys “asked per as a forum to (1897). In 1906 their mother to break express his concern Love’s health be- their piggy bank and give their savings to- for the living con- gan to deteriorate, ward the organizing ditions of Jamaica’s and by 1910 he had of the 16th annual St. black population. been forced to end Martin Book Fair,” said He was a staunch his political career. Shujah. advocate of access He died on 21 No- About three years before this March to education for the vember 1914, and goodwill contribution, majority of the pop- was buried in the Shujah had spoken to brought by their mom ture,” said Shujah. ed Timothy with the ulation. He believed parish church yard an early stimulation to meet Shujah last Shujah and Timothy newest published-in- that girls, like boys, at Half Way Tree, class on the impor- March, Timothy told met again at SOS ra- St. Martin storybook, should receive sec- near the city of tance of reading. Un- the book fair coordi- dio’s Lazy Bay fair of Ti Koko and Kush beknown to Shujah, nator: “You motivat- “Made in St. Martin/ Kush by Virgin Islands ondary school edu- Kingston. Love’s ac- Timothy was a pupil in ed me to read and I St. Maarten” foods, author Dr. Patricia G. cation. tivism in favor of Ja- the class and went on don’t want the book books, and arts and Turnbull. And the date In 1906, Love maica’s economical- to develop a love for fair to stop.” “The BFC crafts (3.31.18). As of this year’s St. won the Saint An- ly depressed black reading. is thankful to Timothy a thank you gift to Martin Book Fair? drew Parish seat of majority influenced When Timothy and Joshua for their Timothy and Josh- The island-wide “book and his brother were heart-warming ges- ua, Shujah present- fair for the entire fam- the Jamaican House later Jamaican and ily” will take place on of Representatives Caribbean activists, June 1 – 2, 2018. in general elections. including Marcus (CLF photo.) He also served as Garvey.

SIR DEREK ALTON WALCOTT PT 3....FROM PAGE 2 the world. He split es of work. was 87. He was giv- his time between en a state funeral on New York, Boston, Death Saturday, 25 March, and St. Lucia, and Walcott died at with a service at the incorporated the in- his home in Cap Es- Cathedral Basilica fluences of different tate, St. Lucia, on of the Immaculate areas into his piec- 17 March 2017. He Conception in Cas- tries and burial at Morne Fortune.

Legacy In 1993, a public square and park lo- cated in central Cas- tries, Saint Lucia, was named Derek Walcott Square. The Saint Lu- cia National Trust acquired Walcott’s childhood home at 17 Chaussée Road, Castries, in Novem- ber 2015, renovat- ing it before open- ing it to the public as Walcott House in January 2016. P5 CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 Community Development ST. MARTIN, VIRGIN ISLANDS WRITERS, POOLSIDE AT ANGUILLA LIT FEST 2018

Mrs. Gro Strand Griffin kept her promise of four years back, to enter- tain the children of Sint Maarten with a very personal story, supported by music and dance.

Ti Koko and Kush Kush by Patricia G. Turnbull (Virgin Islands), a story- book that helps children cope with loss, feel for other children affected by a natural disaster such as a hurricane, and love their island’s natural environment.

GREAT BAY, Koko and Kush Kush from her native St. ST. MARTIN (May (HNP, 2018) for the Lucia. 18, 2018)—“We are book fair’s island St. Martin poet, happy that the An- and tourist guests, blogger, and teach- guilla Literary Fes- said Sample. er Faizah Rochelle tival invited writers Ti Koko and Kush Ward, will recite her Dr. Patricia Turnbull Kush is a great book poetry at Saturday’s and Faizah Rochelle to help children “Rise and Shine Ward to Anguilla to cope with their own Breakfast” session, read their published loss or feel for other starting at 8:30 AM, work, to speak, children affected by said Sample. and participate on a natural disaster At the 10:20 a publishing panel,” such as a hurricane AM blogging panel said Sample. or a man-made cri- Ward will be “one Dr. Turnbull is sis such as war, said of the main persons St. Martin poet Faizah Rochelle Ward at 7th annual Anguilla Literary the “keynote speak- the publisher. among our Anguil- Festival. (credit ALF courtesy/file photo.) er at our Maverick The anthology la bloggers,” said Lunchtime Presen- Where I See the Harris. Ward’s po- Ward’s second An- authors from the Sun – Contempo- tation – After the Sun – Contempo- ems are in Where I guilla Lit Fest ap- USA and the Ca- rary Poetry in An- Storm,” said festi- rary Poetry in the See the Sun – Con- pearance. “It’s al- ribbean at Anguilla guilla (HNP, 2015),” val member Carla Virgin Islands (HNP, temporary Poetry ways an investment Lit Fest 2018 are a said Sample. Harris. The poolside 2016), which con- in St. Martin (HNP, in the critical de- number of Anguillan Ryan, a 2018 presentation takes tains poems by Dr. 2013). Her writ- velopment of the writers. “We’re dou- Malliouhana Po- place at Coral Cove Turnbull, will be ings are blogged region’s literature bly happy that the etry Competition Resort, at 12:15 available too, said at saltfishandlace. when our literary festival is featuring winner, Thompson, noon. Sample. Dr. Turn- com. According to artists and authors Alexis Ryan, Va- and Richardson are Between 10 – bull is a historian author Lasana Sek- are invited to pres- nessa Croft Thomp- scheduled to recite 10:20 AM and after and well-known VI ou, “Faizah is at the ent at Caribbean son, and Marnair at the popular pool- her presentation, educator based in leading edge of St. book fairs or literary Claushaun Richard- side morning ses- Dr. Turnbull will Tortola. Her writings Marin’s new genera- festivals,” said Sam- son, Anguillan poets sion at Coral Cove sign copies of her have also appeared tion of poets.” ple. published by HNP Resort, said Harris. children’s book Ti in literary books This is Among the guest in Where I See the Agriculture CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P6 LETTER TO MINISTER GITTERSON: WE STAND FOR AGRICULTURE May 22, 2018 ter. In thus case I am which thus far amount Att: Minister Git- rightfully in first pref- to over an estimated terson Dept. Ministry erence to such an ‘’ 5000 fls and invested VROMI “adverse possession’’ over +$150,000 for Subject: Rejec- from government or the occupation of the tion and objection of in such a case where’’ said property toward Response letter sub- I’’ have a legal lease building agri-cultur- mitted to Ombusman agreement to. al awareness. This I April 23, 2018 There is no le- have done all on my Blessings Mr Git- gal documentation to own, not for myself terson, Dept VROMI back up any of these but for the citizens of and respected bodies claims by the Richard- the country, my chil- Your letter of re- son Family, in the past dren and generations sponse dated April I have requested this to come. 23rd 2018, regarding on many occasions by The Richardson the termination of the the family to present family also has a his- rental agreement and this and I would have tory with the court denial for the long just walked away in the Case of ‘’Rich- lease request has from the situation. No ardson Family vs Ro- been received, not documents were ever drik Fleming’’ where quite in good order produced and if they they vandalized the as it is still unclear as are produced now said property they to what grounds your then it would again ‘’claimed’’ to have decision was made Sometime a smile is not what is seems, some will eat your food and be illegal and can be rights to that Mr upon. don’t care about the effort you took to grow it. proven by forensics in Fleming was occupy- You stated in your time and by law. ing legally from gov- letter dated April 23, First understand has title with the in- easement is an ease- The said property ernment. The court 2018 that the Rich- what ‘’ ‘’prescriptive tention of possessing ment that is earned was not occupied by ruled\ordered the ardson’s Family have rights’’ is - An ease- it as one’s own. by regular use -- it is the Richardson fam- Richardson family to a claim ‘’ of prescrip- ment by prescription Also understand not something that is ily as it was found not bother Mr Fleming tive Rights ‘’ on the is one that is gained what ‘’prescriptive purchased, negotiat- abandon and still in and to pay for damag- property issued to me under principles of a easement’’ is - an ed, or granted. A pre- the hand of local gov- es and also for each in 2014 by local gov- legal concept known easement that is scriptive easement is ernment.’’ If every- day that they refused ernment for the use as “adverse posses- earned by regular use simply a right to use one would just have to pay. To the day and of agricultural pur- sion”, under which -- it is not something property, the user the right to land be- date, they never give poses. ‘’This claim’’ is someone other than that is purchased, ne- does not gain title to cause they father Mr Fleming $1. Is this fraudulent and incor- the original property gotiated, or granted. the land (unlike ad- grazed cows 30 years justice? rect and was already owner gains use or A prescriptive ease- verse possession, dis- ago, then they would I understand Any- legally Addressed by ownership rights to ment is simply a right cussed above). be able to claim the one can claim some- the former minister certain property.. to use property, the I am sure you are whole island, as cows thing but is it in their of VROMI Mr Lake to Now understand user does not gain ti- using a term that you were free to gazed legal right to do so, is Duncan and Brandon what “adverse pos- tle to the land (unlike are not fully familiar and some families another question you Law Firm and Police session’’ is - the oc- adverse possession, with and I thought just had area to uti- failed to investigate. commissioner Mr. C. cupation of land to discussed above). I should share a bit lize for cow grazing Ms T. Richardson’s John in Nov 2014. which another person A prescriptive of light on the mat- but it was not legally attempt was not a issued to them’’. This claim of ‘’prescriptive was also a statement rights’’, it was an ille- mentioned to me by a gal claim sent via the local old timer in our law firm of Duncan community. and Brandon and the The Richardson local Duerwaarde that family had a chance in included a fraudulent 2014 to obtain all the certificate of admea- land they claimed to surement number and have rights to in the St there for was legally peters hill area. They addressed as an illegal refused, they also matter . Documents refuse to pay the es- were also received timated +1,800,000 from the ministry of fls owed to govern- VROMI and Kadaster ment for land taxes to back up this case. and permits of usage I also mentioned for over the 40 years to you in the past and they claimed for and during our meeting never used public- in Feb 2018 and also ly or had any struc- via email on March tures on. I have thus 20, 2018 in response far tried in every way to the ombuds- possible to make us- man ‘’ Case file no. age of the land legal- 201700311 Mr. Deni- ly and publicly, along cio Wyatte’’ that if you with schools, foun- may need any further dations and commu- info to help you come nity members with to a better under- programs supported stand of the situation, by Ministries such a please feel free to Health and Educa- contact me, you failed tion, organizations to respond to this and such as St Maarten the Ombudsman’s Tourist Bureau, VSA, (NOC) thus resulting BAK UNESCO, UNDP, in your outcome with- Prins Berhard Cul- out giving the case tuur and St Maarten the proper attention it Youth Council. And needed while having have abided to paying the adequate staff and my taxes on the land resources at hand. MORE ON THIS TOPIC IN JUNE 2018 EDITION P7 CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 Health

CORCULUM LEPTOPUM STUNTZ - WILD CORALITA By .stuartxchange betes, low blood pres- • Phytochemicals sure, and as a heart / Lipid peroxidation YOU MAY see this tonic. and Selective COX2 bush running wild in - Aerial portion of Enzyme Inhibition: your back yards and the flowers used in Study of methanolic never knew it was decoctions as a cold extract of aerial parts great for so many of remedy. (1) yielded n-hentriacon- your common and - In other coun- tane (1) ferulic acid perhaps sevare health tries decoction of ae- (2) 4-hydroxycin- issues. Check out rial parts used as a namic acid (3) quer- these great amazing remedy for colds and cetin-3-rhamnoside health benefits of wild pain relief. (4) and kaempher- coraliti. - In Jamaica, de- ol-3-glucoside (5) Botany coction of aerial parts along with ß-sitoster- Cadena-de-amor is traditionally used for ol, ß-sitosterol-gluco- a climbing, somewhat prevention of cough side and d-mannitol. woody, perennial vine, and flu-related pains. Results showed LPO with stems attaining a - In Sudan, leaves (lipid peroxidation) length of 10 meters. used for cough and and COX (cyclooxy- Leaves are alternate, throat constriction. genase) inhibitory ac- ovate to oblong-ovate, Others tivities. with cordate base, Flower clusters • Antithrombin ac- serrate margins, up to popular for use in tivity: A chromogenic 10 centimeters long. flower and foliage- ar bioassay was utilized Flowers are borne in rangements for social to determine the an- racemes at the upper flowers yielded phe- - Phytochemical duce swelling; tea functions. tithrombin activity of axils of the terminal nol, saponins, amino screening of etha- leaves used for dia- methylene chloride parts of the branch- acids, steroids, phy- nol extract of leaves betes; blossoms used Studies and methanol extracts es, the rachis of the tosterols, triterpenoi- yielded alkaloids, sa- for high blood pres- racemes producing dal sapogenins, tan- ponins, tannins, un- sure. nins, xanthoproteins, saturated sterol and/ - In Trinidad and tendrils. Flowers are CONTINUED ON PAGE 8 white or pale to deep carboxylic acid, and or triterpenes, flavo- Tobago, used for dia- pink, up to 2 centime- coumarins. noids, glycosides, an ters long, with 5-part- - A methanol ex- coumarins. (see study ed and persistent peri- tract of the aerial part below) (19) anth. Fruit is an ovoid of the flower yield- achene, about 1 cen- ed (1) n-hentriacon- Properties timeters long, broad tane (1), ferulic acid - Studies have at the base, narrowing (2), 4-hydroxycin- shown anti-thrombin, towards the tip, loose- namic acid (3), quer- analgesic, anti-inflam- ly surrounded by the cetin-3-rhamnoside matory, anti-diabetic persistent lobes of the (4), and kaempher- and lipid peroxidation flower. ol-3-glucoside (5) inhibitory properties. along with ß-sitoster- Distribution ol, ß-sitosterol-gluco- Parts used - Widespread in side and d-mannitol. Bark, fruit, leaves the Philippines. (see study below) (1) and seeds. - Usually cultivated - An ethanol ex- in gardens. tract yielded a known Uses - Some have es- compound, querce- Edibility caped cultivation tin-3-O-α-rhamno- - In some parts of to become noxious pyranoside and four the world, the tubers weeds. novel anthraquinones: and flowers are con- - Native to Mexico. 1,8-dihydroxy-6-(hy- sumed as food. - Found in tropical droxymethyl)-3-me- - In Thailand, Asia, Africa, Caribbe- thoxy-2-pyrrolidinium leaves and flowers, an and the Americas. anthraquinone, 1,8-di- flour-coated and fried, hydroxy-6-(meth- are served with noo- Constituents yl)-3-methoxy-2-pyr- dles. - Phytochemical rolidinium - Flowers also used screening of plants anthraquinone, in omelets. flowers extracts yield- 1,8-dihydroxy-6-(hy- ed alkaloids, quinines, droxymethyl)-3-me- Folkloric resins, tannins, fixed thoxy-2-piperidinium - In the Philippines, oils, flavonoids, fats, anthraquinone, 1,8-di- an isolated report of saponins phenolic hydroxy-6-(meth- use by Ifugao-mi- compounds, proteins, yl)-3-me- grants in the foothills and carboxylic acids. thoxy-2-piperidinium of the Sierra Madre for - Screening of anthraquinone. (see wound closure. (8) methanol extracts of study below) (14) - Leaves used re- Health CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P8

THE FARMERS SEE: VERVAIN...FROM PG7 methanol extracts of A. leptopus significant VEGATERIAN AND exhibited paralysis and caused death of worms. VEGAN RECIPES • Novel Anthra- quinone Derivatives / Grilled Asparagus Antibacterial / Aerial Parts: An ethanol ex- and Shiitake Tacos tract yielded a known BY GOODHOUSEKEEPING compound, querce- tin-3-O-α-rhamno- pyranoside and four novel anthraqui- nones. Two of the new compoundsshowed antibacterial activity against Bacillus sub- tilis and Staphylococ- cus aureus. • Anthelmintic prepared from 30 and COX2) enzyme properties of flower / Leaves: Study of plants of central Flor- inhibitory activities. extracts of Antigonon a chloroform frac- ida. Study yielded a se- leptopus. The etha- tion of methanolic Antigonon lepto- lective COX-2 enzyme nol and chloroform extract of leaves of pus was one of seven inhibitory phenolic al- extracts exhibited A. leptopus against extracts that demon- dehyde, 2,3,4-trihy- significant concentra- Pheretima posthuma strated activity of droxy benzaldehyde. tion-dependent inhi- showed significant 80% or higher in the The isolated com- bition against B. sub- in-vitro anthelmintic bioassay system. pound 1 from A. lep- tilis, Bacillus peritlis activity. Phytochemi- • Analgesic / Anti- topus tea showed se- and Salmonella typhi. cal screening yielded inflammatory / Roots: lective COX-2 enzyme • Antimicrobi- many compounds in- A study investigated and LPO inhibitory ac- al / Dental Patho- cluding phenols, hy- a methanolic extract tivities. gens: Study showed drocarbons, quinazo- of roots of Antigonon • Antifilarial: -Ex the flower extracts lines, coumarins, leptopus for anti-in- tract study showed A of Antigonon lepto- steroids, and ter- flammatory activity leptopus possessed pus showed potent penes like cadinene, in mice and rats. Re- significant juvenile antimicrobial activity juniper camphor, sults showed prom- hormone analogue against common hu- among others. ising anti-inflamma- activity against Culex man dental patho- INGREDIENTS • Antioxidant / Cy- tory activity against quinquefasciatus. gens - Staphylococcus totoxicity / Leaves: 3 tbsp. canola oil acute and sub-acute • Anti-Diabetic: aureus, Proteus vul- Study of an etha- 4 garlic cloves, crushed with press inflammation, which Study of the metha- garis, Pseudomonas nol extract of leaves 1 tsp. ground chipotle chile may be due to prosta- nolic extract of aeri- aeruginosa and Micro- showed free radical glandin inhibition and al parts of Antigonon coccus albus. 1/2 tsp. Kosher salt scavenging activity reduction of oxidative leptopus showed sig- • Anthelmintic / 8 oz. shiitake mushrooms, stems using DPPH assay and stress. nificant antidiabetic Roots and Rhizomes: cytotoxicity effects on discarded • COX-2 and LPO activity and supports Extracts of Antigo- MTT-assay of Vero cell 1 bunch green onions, trimmed Inhibitory Activity / its traditional claim of non leptopus roots line. (see constituents 8 corn tortillas, warmed Aerial Parts: Study use in diabetes and its and rhizomes was above) evaluated A. leptopus associated complica- tested for in vitro 1 c. homemade or prepared guaca- tea from dried aerial tions. anthelmintic activity mole parts for lipid peroxi- • Antibacterial / against earthworms MORE ON THIS Lime wedges dation (LPO) and cy- Flowers: Study evalu- Pheretima posthuma. TOPIC IN JUNE cilantro sprigs clooxygenase (COX1 ated the antibacterial The ethyl acetate and 2018 EDITION Hot sauce, for serving

DIRECTIONS Heat grill on medium. In a large baking dish, combine oil, garlic, chipotle, and salt. Add asparagus, shiitakes, and green onions; toss to coat. Grill asparagus until tender and lightly charred, turning occa- sionally; 5 to 6 minutes. Grill shii- takes and green onions until lightly charred, turning occasionally; 4 to 5 minutes. Transfer vegetables to cut- ting board.

Cut asparagus and green onions into 2” lengths and slice shiitakes. Serve with corn tortillas, guacamole, lime wedges, cilantro, and hot sauce. P9 Wha Ya Say ! CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018

‘‘The Choice is Yours ‘‘

TO WRITE OR NOT TO WRITE…. ABOUT THE DUMP FIRE AGAIN PT2 MAYBE THIS next tourism attrac- what is needed to tion is opened on be done: judicial the island, let’s tack- action taken by the le the dump situa- Public Prosecutors’ tion once and for all. Office against the None are showing authorities. Because any concern. obviously the gov- Nope! Not one ernment is not tak- iota of concern. ing any action. No This lack of care consideration for the or concern on the people living around part of government the dump areas un- officials is all too per- der the smoke, the vasive. Even on the children, the sick and part of members of the elderly. Whenev- Parliament who are er there is a dump elected nota bene fire, the government to stand up for the is the first to shut (health concerns of Smoke from the dump trailing over Philipsburg back in April 2018, Article by StMaartenNews. down the govern- the) people. Disap- com. Photo by Wattzz Publishing ment administration pointingly, even on building and send the part of the port plight of the island home the civil ser- and cruise officials on the forefront of WHA YA SAY TELL DI TRUTH ! vants to avoid the who stand to benefit everyone’s mind, toxic smoke. But economically from a both locally and in- RAS ITAL what about these smoke-free environ- ternationally. So we WE FI WRITE AND TALK who live in the areas ment on St. Maarten. write again. and are getting the Therefore, public ex- And there you DI THINGS DEM ! PT 2 smoke full on into posure of this lack have it. Another arti- Is time fi all di politician dem fi play dem part. Too long now di people a suffa their homes, where of care or concern cle about the dump. now. Wha unno want ? A million dolla in ya pocket fi mek it wok.. Ok, check Any one reading? out di ras mi a give ya one million slap fi wake ya rasss claat outa ya stupidity. can they go? on the part of offi- Nuff a unno want fi mek we youths start smoke weed, dem fi learn how fi plant Dump smoke cials has to be done Honk your horn if dem food. YA MAD OR WHA ? Last time mek check di weed was a plant ! Clear seen from Sentry in order to bring the you are and if you judgement of foolishness by di local politician dem ! Das why me nah stop talk Hill during opening care. di thing dem till di people dem get solutions. Rockland Estate - 20180407 MP Even when the smoke from the thick black fumes are hanging like a smog over the Cul-de-Sac valley, over the Cay Hill val- ley – even over the hospital – officials are joyfully celebrat- ing the opening of the Rockland Estate on top of Sentry Hill as a tourism prod- uct the island badly needs in order to re- cover in a post-Irma era. However, none of these officials are saying let’s get our priorities straight and before a next hurricane season comes around or a Arts CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P10

WHAT’S YOUR LIFE’S DEFENSE MECHANISM? IN THE beauty of the environment that for how you react to separate. Our kids see life and all its amaz- he was brought up in, life . When first hand everything and they ing glory, I can’t help is what molded and lessons always come pay attention to what but wonder how the shaped his behavior from home. If you al- we do, so be careful rest of the world deals patterns. So, you see low your kids to not in your actions and with life. Just like whether you want to do chores and you al- the way you choose to every story has two believe it or not the ways pick up for the, deal with your issues sides to it, everyone way a child is raised trust me when they’re because they see and in this world tends to and what they’re ex- adults it’s just going hold on to our actions. deal with stuff differ- posed to comes forth be a mirror effect of I know it can be ently. For instance, in their adolescent up what they were ex- overwhelming at we could have two in- until their adult life. posed to from a young times for us, but if you dividuals with a bill of It creates their age. So, if your rais- need a minute or 2 $500, one could pay defense mechanism ing kids right now and take it and try Re-ap- there’s off in full and In-depth situations else might just shed to life’s situations and you want to leave a proach the situation the other chooses in- such as heartache, a little tear and move how they react to it. positive imprint on with a clear mindset. stallments. Does this job loss, home dam- right along. So, this is why we see their lives, start by Never underestimate mean that the one age, death in family Let me paint a pic- some men and wom- having them under- the influence of the that paid theirs off in or conflict at work etc. ture for you, a son that en unable to keep a stand the value of people you have in smaller increments In this life we was raised in a home steady relationship life, a home, family, your life. Remember any less of a better live, the way individ- where his dad was at times. This mainly true friends, money what it says in the Bi- decision maker? Nope ual people may han- hardly at home. Even because the environ- and good manners. If ble in 1 Corinthians‬ ...! Not at all, he or dle their issues may if he was at home he ment and mentality you don’t have values 15:33 “Be not de- she just manages thi- come from the values physically and ver- the grew up around in life, you won’t take ceived: evil commu- er finances differently. that was instilled in bally abused his wife, they’ve kept it with care of yourself. Home nications corrupt good Their decision them at a young age. this young man would them thus far. is where the heart is manners.” In other could be based on So, the way I handle enter into the world Things like their and family is who you words, Bad company family care or other heartache might be thinking that hitting dad cheating on the turn to when you’re corrupts good morals. important priorities different than how or talking down to a mother or their mom down and out. So, the more love we they may for them- anyone else does. woman is ok. Now, not having strong re- Money will always show and simple ways selves. This is one Me for example, I is it his fault that he lationships values, come and go but don’t of dealing with little way two individuals might find comfort in deals with his frustra- now that their older make it your master. issues will create a handled the same sit- binge eating or isola- tion in a form of lash- unknowingly to them When you have good pattern they will keep uation differently. tion from everyone, ing out on his signifi- it’s becomes so nor- manners, it will take with them throughout How about other whereas someone cant other? Based on mal that they think you a long way and their lives. This, builds it’s ok. you will earn respect. a strong foundation for Now hear me out, This will help them their defense mech- although it might be appreciate life and be anism later on in life. hard to deal with life able to handle it as it I’m merely speaking on a whole and all the comes to them. What on my point of view ish that it comes with, you are doing is basi- and knowledge of my we can’t go around cally paving the way experiences. We all thinking that’s it’s ev- for them. That way, know that knowledge eryone’s fault when when life hands them is power and remem- things don’t go the a test they will be able ber we are not per- way we planned it out to turn it into their fect. It’s ok to mess in our heads. We also testimony. up, out of your mess have to remember to We have to start in- always comes your respect everyone and stilling good values in message. So, live the their decision on how our kids to help them life you love and love they choose to deal become better adults the life you live. Just a with stuff. In most in the future. Believe simple reminder, don’t cases there’s a big- it or not, it starts with be so hard on your- ger picture that lies you. It starts with self because for every behind them. I’ve al- showing initiative in minute you are angry ways heard the saying what they’re passion- you lose 60 seconds of ‘’show me your friends ate about and molding happiness. Hope you and I will show you them to become better enjoyed the read, stay who you are’’. What decision makers. And blessed and express about ‘’show me your not forgetting when yourself. parents and I can tell you are going through you your character’’? your personal issues, Written by Funny how every- try your best to keep Latoya Ruan one blames friends your home and family 21 May 2018 NATURE IN AR PT 2 BY art-is-fun.com images of animals and landscapes. Artists for Conservation is In addition, they also donate a a group of artists who, in various portion of their art sales to conser- ways, support nature through their vation efforts. artwork. They paint nature in art Nature in Art is a British mu- in the form of beautiful and idyllic seum devoted entirely to artwork CONTINUED ON PAGE 11 P11 CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 Entertainment REMEBERING REGGAE ICONS PETER TOSH WINSTON HUBERT By Wiki PETER TOSH, MCINTOSH OM (born Winston cause he was a self- their new-found faith. Hubert McIntosh; 19 taught guitarist and The Wailers composed October[1] 1944 – 11 keyboardist, and thus several songs for the September 1987) was became an inspiration American-born singer a Jamaican reggae for the other band Johnny Nash before musician. Along with members to learn teaming with produc- Bob Marley and Bunny to play. The Wailing er Lee Perry to record Wailer, he was one of Wailers had a ma- some of the earliest the core members of jor ska hit with their well-known reggae the band the Wailers first single, “Simmer songs, including “Soul (1963–1976), after Down”, and record- Rebel”, “Duppy Con- which he established ed several more suc- queror”, and “Small himself as a success- cessful singles before Axe”. The collabora- ful solo artist and a Braithwaite, Kelso and tion had given birth promoter of Rastafari. Smith left the band to reggae music and He was murdered in in late 1965. Marley later, bassist Aston 1987 during a home spent much of 1966 “Family Man” Bar- invasion. in Delaware in the rett and his broth- United States with his er, drummer Carlton Early music and mother, Cedella (Mal- Barrett would join with the Wailers colm) Marley-Booker, the group in 1970. Tosh was born in and for a brief time The band signed a re- Westmoreland, the was working at a cording contract with westernmost parish nearby Chrysler fac- Chris Blackwell and of Jamaica. He was tory. He then returned Island Records com- abandoned by his to Jamaica in early pany and released parents and “shuf- 1967 with a renewed their debut, Catch a fled among relatives.” interest in music and Fire, in 1973, follow- When McIntosh was a new spirituality. ing it with Burnin’ the fifteen, his aunt died Tosh and Bunny were same year. The Wail- and he moved to already Rastafarians ers had moved from Trenchtown in Kings- when Marley returned many producers after ton, Jamaica. He first from the US, and the 1970 and there were picked up a guitar by three became very in- instances where pro- watching a man in the volved with the Rasta- ducers would record country play a song fari faith. Soon after- rehearsal sessions that captivated him. wards, they renamed that Tosh did and re- He watched the man the musical group the lease them in England play the same song Robert Nesta Marley and the trio started Wailers, with Junior Wailers. Tosh would under the name “Pe- for half a day, mem- (Bob Marley) and Nev- singing together in Braithwaite, a falset- explain later that they ter Touch”. orizing everything his ille O’Reilly Livingston 1962. Higgs taught to singer, and backup chose the name Wail- In 1973, Tosh was fingers were doing. (Bunny Wailer) and the trio to harmonize singers Beverley Kel- ers because to “wail” driving home with He then picked up the went to vocal teacher and while develop- so and Cherry Smith. means to mourn or his girlfriend Evonne guitar and played the Joe Higgs, who gave ing their music, they Initially, Tosh was the to, as he put it, “... when his car was hit song back to the man. out free vocal les- would often play on only one in the group express one’s feel- by another car driving The man then asked sons to young peo- the street corners of who could play mu- ings vocally”. He also on the wrong side of McIntosh who had ple, in hopes to form Trenchtown. sical instruments. claims that he was the road. The accident taught him to play; a new band. He then In 1964 Tosh According to Bunny the beginning of the killed Evonne and se- McIntosh told him that changed his name to helped organize the Wailer, Tosh was crit- group, and that it was verely fractured Tosh’s he had. During the become Peter Tosh band the Wailing ical to the band be- he who first taught skull. After Island Re- early 1960s Tosh met Bob Marley the guitar. cords president Chris The latter claim may Blackwellrefused to very well be true, for issue his solo album NATURE IN AR PT 2... FROM PG 10 according to Bunny in 1974, Tosh and inspired by nature. children. ly important to feel a wind upon your cheek. Wailer, the early Wail- Bunny Wailer left the They have an ex- Use Art to Connect connection to the nat- Observe the veins of ers learned to play in- Wailers, citing the un- tensive collection of with Nature ural world... in fact, it a leaf, sit against the struments from Tosh fair treatment they artwork covering a In these hyperre- is vital to our survival! trunk of a tree, watch Rejecting the received from Black- 1500 year time peri- al, digital times, it is The first step to a river flow. up-tempo dance of well, to whom Tosh od, representing over easy to forget, and creating art based on Let your mind be ska, the band slowed often referred with a 60 countries and cul- even resist, that we nature is to spend as vast as the sky. their music to a rock- derogatory play on tures. In addition to are susceptible to time in nature. So un- Be still. Appreci- steady pace, and in- Blackwell’s surname, their permanent col- natural forces. Art can plug yourself. Turn off ate. Observe. Bring a fused their lyrics with ‘Whiteworst’ Tosh had lection, they have help us become more the TV, radio, ipod, sketchbook and see political and social written many of the special exhibitions as conscious of our true laptop. Go outside. what arises! messages inspired by Wailers’ hit songs such well as classes and relationship with na- Tune into your sur- CONTINUED ON PAGE 15 events for adults and ture. It is undoubted- roundings. Feel the Tourism CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P12 P13 CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 Tourism ECOTOURISM IN NICARAGUA “ARE YOU SURE to foster an ethos of it’s safe?” Tell people conservation in the you’re going to Nica- surrounding commu- ragua and that’s their nities, beginning with usual response. But the education of her the negative image of staff. this captivating coun- As well as contain- try is undeserved. ing over 200 howler Peaceful for sixteen monkeys, Domitila is years, with three suc- the habitat of numer- cessive democratically ous species of birds, elected governments, butterflies, insects it is now officially the and flowers, and is a safest country in Cen- flourishing centre for tral America. specialist scientific It is also its poor- study. est; only Haiti is worse But you don’t have off in the whole west- to be a committed ern hemisphere. How- naturalist to appre- ever, recent economic ciate the beauty and growth has exceeded tranquillity of Domiti- all expectations, and la. Anyone would get Private Island Resort just minutes from the colonial town of Grenada Nicaragua.Photo by jic- tourism, in particular, arolodge.com a thrill from exploring is on the rise. With a its trails (on foot or 20% growth rate last government struggles back into the nearby also lends itself to enly to me. by ox-cart) or sailing year, it is already the to meet the challeng- town of San Ramón, shade-grown arabica to the Isla Zapatera country’s biggest in- es of deforestation, funding communi- coffee and from No- 2. Domitila Pri- national park. Alter- dustry. soil erosion, water ty projects such as a vember to February vate Wildlife Re- natively, you could Nor is it hard to pollution and poach- school for local chil- you can help with the serve simply lie back in a see why: Nicaragua’s ing, it has been left dren and reforesta- harvest and witness Within minutes of hammock and listen landscape of lakes and to forward-thinking tion and fresh water the wholly organic arriving at Domiti- to the birdsong. volcanoes, lush rain- individuals to develop schemes. And it’s Nic- process in action. la, I’d spotted one of Dining is done forests and deserted a sustainable tourism araguan-run: talk to The lodge and cab- its many delights: a by candlelight, and beaches is a nature industry. the local staff and you ins are built of hand- troop of howler mon- the menu consists of lover’s paradise. With There is, of course, can feel a palpable made brick and local keys lounging high in fresh, local produce 76 protected areas a danger that visitors sense of pride in what materials. All waste is the trees taking their prepared by neigh- covering over 20% of will be “greenwashed” they’ve achieved. You composted, showers siesta. bourhood cooks. Kero- its landmass, it out- in the scramble for can even spend a few are solar-powered and One of the last re- sene lamps then guide strips its more popular the eco-tourist dollar, days with a family in the electricity comes maining areas of dry you back to your rustic neighbor for eco-tour- but as long as the In- San Ramón to learn from a hydro scheme. tropical forest on the palm-thatched cabin ism, Costa Rica. Con- ternational about the rural way of The meals are healthy Pacific coast, this pri- with private compost taining the largest Ecotourism So- life and how to make and delicious and you vate reserve - the first toilet and solar-pow- area of primary rain- ciety’s definition of nacatamales, a Nica- even get your own en- in Nicaragua when ered shower. And as forest north of the eco-tourism (“respon- raguan delicacy. vironmentally friendly it opened in 2001 - you settle down in Amazon, it is home sible travel to natural Hikes through napkin for the length is owned by Doña your simple bed, co- to 7% of the world’s areas that conserves the nature reserve of your stay. Maria Jose Mejia. A cooned in mosquito biodiversity, includ- the environment and with local guides - all There’s no TV, tele- feisty and determined netting, the sounds ing many endangered sustains the well-be- ex-agricultural work- phone or internet. If lady, she’s passion- of the forest soon lull species such as howl- ing of local people”) ers- offer spectacular that’s your idea of ate about conserving you to sleep - be- er, white-faced and is kept in mind, Costa bird-watching oppor- hell, don’t go. But the biodiversity of the fore the growls of the spider monkeys. Jag- Rican-style excess- tunities. sitting around a bon- land that has been in howler monkeys wake uars and crocodiles, es such as “eco-car A visit to the but- fire under the glow her husband’s family you again at dawn. meanwhile, are plen- hire” will hopefully be terfly farm is also a of a million stars, it for generations. She’s tiful, as are a multi- avoided. must. The altitude seemed rather heav- equally determined tude of birds, butter- So go eco to Nic- flies and orchids; the aragua. Go with an Indio-Maíz reserve open mind and a alone has more spe- Spanish dictionary. cies of trees, birds But go now - before and insects than the everyone else does. whole of Europe. Options for the Ask the locals if green tourist in Nica- Nicaragua will become ragua as Americanized as Costa Rica and they 1. Finca Esper- will deny it. Nicas are anza Verde (Green just too ... well, Nica. Hope Farm) And long may they re- The setting of Fin- main so since, for all ca Esperanza Verde its natural beauty, it - lush green moun- is they that constitute tains interspersed Nicaragua’s great- with wisps of cloud - est asset. Warm and couldn’t be more con- welcoming, resilient ducive to relaxation. and resourceful, they Founded in 1998 are intensely proud of by a non-profit organ- their culture and tra- isation based in North ditions. Carolina, the farm As the Nicaraguan ploughs its profits Business CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P14 50 CREATIVE ART & CRAFT BUSINESS IDEAS FOR 2018 PT 4 By Profitable venture.com Hat Making Busi- ness Being a milliner, isn’t a herculean task. As a matter of fact, it is one business that never goes into ex- tinction. This is be- cause of the need to always use hats. All over the world, more and more peo- ple are arming their selves with this skill. You too can begin to make good mon- ey, when you get the skills involved. After you have does exist and more cause of the fact that areas that you may garnered the knowl- and more people are pictures do keep great consider focusing on edge therein, then in the trade. If you are memories that words include; the wedding you can begin to look a tie and dye lover, or cannot. The advent of photography, Sports at setting up your in general an arts lov- the photography busi- photography, child business the way you er, then you may want ness dates back to a photography, nature want it to be. Howev- to start a business in centuries ago. This photography, and all er, be reminded that this regard. First rule is one arts trade that what not. it takes patience and of thumb is that you can be started with determination to have have got to be skilled small capital. Initially, Sculpting Busi- your own loyal cus- yourself. So, if you do all that would be re- ness tomers since it is a not know jack about quired would be the There are loads of competitive industry. the trade, then you money to get trained sculpted things that can get trained. by a professional, as we may see around; Tie and Dye Mak- well as the money you from decorations, to ing Business Photography will need to procure a wall fittings, amongst Yes, you may al- Business good camera. many others. The in- ready know that the It is said that pic- There are loads of dustry though satu- tie and dye cloths tures speak a thou- opportunities in this rated, but still have have been in exis- sand words. That is trade; and you can ample room for those tence for long. Good without a shadow of specialize in some who want to stage an news is that it still doubt true. This is be- areas. Some of the entry. It is a profit- able business too that is able to make one a millionaire. However, there is one secret, and that secret is to be creative in all as- pect of the trade. WANT YOUR First off howev- er, is that you have AD HERE? got to have the skills. This means that you must be ready to go learn the skill. This is needful, as you can- $50 not start the business without the knowl- edge. Call :

Gifts and Cards 721 524-4733 making Business If you love the idea of being a giver of gifts, or you like people being sur- prised with gifts, then you may want to help make gifts and spe- cial days memorable for people by starting a gifts and cards craft business. The market is indeed a vast one. This is a very easy business to start and it does not require plenty startup capital. As a matter of fact, it is one business that you can start at home.

MORE ON THIS TOPIC IN JUNE 2018 EDITION Sports

P15 CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 Business MDGS-SDGS PILOT PROJECT ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION GOOD EXAMPLE PT 2 The ministry of involved the purchase munity members to VROMI gave assis- of material structures UNDP Report great findings on project utilize their skills in tance with granting of for community events implemented with Spaceless Gardens. community gardening permits for communi- (market day), publici- and cultural activi- ty events and advised ty and training in agri- ties in establish sus- on the best way to cultural skills, as well tainable network and approach and opened as training in general encouraging entre- doors for agricultural agricultural and re- preneurship through possibilities via spe- cycling, Landscaping, the selling of the pro- cific departments of waste management, duced from their gar- Government. Another computer basics den. We hope that the stakeholder was the skills and vegan food Community Market St Maarten Youth preparation and pre- Day will sustain itself which helped with sentation. and encourage other amongst others, iden- Five participants to districts to duplicate tifying skillful mem- the training were cer- the idea. bers in the commu- tificated. Spaceless Gar- nity, organizing tents The aim is to ac- dens provided public for community events complish that Space- selected community vide a venue for oth- the St. Maarten Youth awareness via Web- and making space less Gardens would members would give er members of the with additional reve- site promotion www. available for training provide locally-grown them additional skills community to gener- nue, so they may be ilandvibez.com , www. at Rupert Maynard fruits and vegetables and knowledge to be ate a small additional able to assist needy stmaartenagriculture. Community Center to community mem- able to find employ- income from sales of members of their com, www.721news. and to inform the bers to offset the ment and make an in- their goods and ser- community. com and Cultural public on the ‘Com- high cost of imported come. vices at a “Community The Community Xpression Newsmag- munity Market Day’. food on Sint Maarten. Part of the proj- Market Day” (once per Market Day helps also azine The second phase The training to those ect was also to pro- month) and to provide to empower the com- REMEMBERING PETER TOSH ...FROM PG11 as “Get Up, Stand followed in 1977, fea- and Keith Richards, Skateland dance hall Up”, “400 Years”, and turing his recording of and the lead single in Kingston and was “No Sympathy”.Tosh a song co-written with – a cover version of beaten severely while began recording and Marley, “Get Up, Stand The Temptations song in police custody. released his solo de- Up,” and a cover of “Don’t Look Back” – Mystic Man (1979), but, Legalize It, in “Stepping Razor” that was performed as a and Wanted Dread 1976 with CBS Re- would also appear on duet with Jagger. It and Alive (1981) fol- cords company, Tuff the soundtrack to the made Tosh one of the lowed, both released Gong and Island Re- film Rockers. best-known reggae on Rolling Stones cords. The title track Tosh organized a artists. Records. Tosh tried soon became popular backing band, Word, During Bob Mar- to gain some main- among endorsers of Sound and Power, ley’s free One Love stream success while marijuana legaliza- who were to accom- Peace Concert of keeping his militant tion, reggae music pany him on tour for 1978, Tosh lit a mar- views, but was only lovers and Rastafari the next few years, ijuana spliff and -lec moderately success- all over the world, and many of whom tured about legalizing ful, especially when and was a favourite at performed on his al- cannabis, lambasting compared to Marley’s Tosh’s concerts. That bums of this period. attending dignitaries achievements. That was his last album In 1978 the Rolling Michael Manley and same year, Tosh ap- from the Wailers, Tuff Stones record label Edward Seaga for peared in the Rolling Gong and Island Re- Rolling Stones Re- their failure to en- Stones’ video Waiting cords. cords contracted with act such legislation. on a Friend. Tosh, on which the al- Several months later bum Bush Doctor was MORE ON THIS Solo career he was apprehended TOPIC IN JUNE Tosh started to released, introducing by police as he left 2018 EDITION make his own album Tosh to a larger audi- Peter Tosh with Robbie Shakespeare, 1978 with Rolling Stones ence. The album fea- Records and CBS Re- tured Rolling Stones cords Equal Rights frontmen Mick Jagger CULTURAL XPRESSION - MAY 2018 P16 WHAT IS THE POWER OF SPORT TO CHANGE LIVES? PT 1

By devex.com opportunities around ment, particularly for IN TOWNS and the world. Layer on women. Betsey Ste- villages across Eu- poverty, and one’s venson, economist rope and Africa, soc- chances of mak- at Wharton, argues cer players with the ing the big leagues that Title IX , the nickname Messi prac- are further reduced. 1972 U.S. legislation tice their skills day in To make matters that mandates equal and day out. They worse, even some federal assistance for dream of playing pro- of the best athletes, women’s sports, cat- fessionally like the like those capturing alyzed a 40 percent football superstar, our attention at the rise in employment Lionel Messi, who Olympics, struggle to for women ages 25- was born to humble make ends meet. 34. means in Argenti- But sport can of- Belief in us- na and rose to fame fer more than a pipe ing sport for social playing for Barcelo- dream. In spite of change has never na FC. With eyes on the slim odds of at- been more popular. the recent Olympics, taining fame and The United Nations and its celebration of fortune as a profes- declared 2005 the global athletes, that sional athlete, mere international year of familiar narrative of Boxing federation seeking funding for tournament - Photo and Story: participation in sport sport and physical sports as a pathway 721news.com can be a powerful education, and since out of poverty is par- gest that sports are a pro is even more and only 57 Africans tool for economic that time, sport for ticularly salient. ticket out of poverty challenging in the played in the English and social mobility. development organi- While Messi, for only a lucky few. developing world. Premier League in For example, partic- zations have prolifer- Djokovic and Ika- In the United States, For the young Afri- the 2015-16 season. ipating in sports is ated rapidly. ba — to name but a only one in 2,451 can “Messis”, there The odds are correlated with pos- few examples — offer high school basket- are only six profes- even worse for wom- itive career develop- such inspiring sto- ball players make it sional soccer leagues en, who have fewer MORE ON THIS TOPIC IN JUNE 2018 ries, statistics sug- to the NBA. Going on the continent, professional sports EDITION MIND BODY & SPORT : EATING DISORDERS PT5

By Ron Thompson sport environment are treatment must be THE PRIMARY risk urged to recognize eliminated. Those for developing disor- that such an emphasis with influence in the dered eating/eating on weight or leanness sport environment disorders involves the puts the student-ath- can play a key role by emphasis on a lean lete at greatest risk recommending and body and its purport- for developing eating encouraging timely ed relationship with problems. and appropriate men- enhanced sport per- Finally, the stig- tal health treatment formance. Coach- ma associated with for their student-ath- es and others in the seeking mental health letes.