DOCSLIB.ORG

THE ROLE of the CLERGY in the PILGRIMAGE of GRACE David

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE ROLE of the CLERGY in the PILGRIMAGE of GRACE David THE ROLE OF THE CLERGY IN THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE David Callaghan DO NOT COPY Submitted in part fulfilment for the degree of MA in History at the University of Warwick September 2009 This dissertation may be photocopied CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Summary ii Introduction 1 1 The Northern Clergy in the 1530s 5 2 The Lincolnshire Uprising 14 3 The Secular Clergy 26 4 The Monks 38 5 The Friars 50 6 Archbishop Lee and the clerical conference of December 1536 62 Conclusion 76 Abbreviations 80 Bibliography 81 DO NOT COPY Acknowledgements I would like to extend my deepest thanks to my supervisor for this dissertation, Professor Peter Marshall for his invaluable advice at every stage of writing. Having helped formulate the premise of this work Professor Marshall has continued to offer a constant stream of editorial and technical comments which helped me stay the course and maintain the focus of this work to conclusion. DO NOT COPY i Summary The Pilgrimage of Grace has been the subject of numerous studies over the past century, helped by a large source of surviving documents collected by the investigations in its aftermath. Since the Royal Supremacy had been formalised the clergy had suffered increases in taxation, restrictions of their powers and by the summer of 1536, the beginnings of the suppression of the monasteries. The motivating factors causing so many, from all levels of society to rise against the crown have been debated to no universally accepted conclusion. The clergy have usually been given an important role in the studies to date but have not been satisfactorily represented and this dissertation will look at the different roles that they played, both in promoting the cause and influencing the laity in the rebellion. By looking at both individuals and the different ways in which groups of seculars, monks and friars contributed, more can be understood about how their role in this rebellion reflected their place within the community having undergone a period of reform. DO NOT COPY ii Introduction The Pilgrimage of Grace is a subject which has produced a wide range of scholarship offering an analysis of the impact of the rebellion upon Henrican England and also an ongoing debate around the motivations of those who rose against the government, and more specifically, Thomas Cromwell and his reformist policies. ‘The largest revolt ever mounted against the rule of the Tudor monarchy in sixteenth-century England’ started in Lincolnshire from where it rapidly spread to the East Riding of Yorkshire, then all six of the northernmost counties.1 The most recent in-depth studies of the Pilgrimage by Michael Bush and R. W. Hoyle have looked at the make-up of the rebel armies and politics surrounding the insurrection respectively, both providing excellent examples of the vastly different approaches that the historian can, and has taken to its investigation.2 The original revisions of the Pilgrimage of Grace following M. H. and Ruth Dodds’ comprehensive narrative published at the beginning of the last century,3 most notably from A. G. Dickens and R. R. Reid started an invigorating dialogue claiming the importance of economic conditions over concern for the fate of traditional religion in the north as the main motivation for those who rose.4 On the other side of the fence, seeing religious motivations as central to the rebellion,DO C. S. L. Davies, NOT Christopher Haigh and COPY G. W. Bernard have all played down anti-clericalism amongst the northern counties and place the suppression of 1 G. R. Elton, ‘Politics and the Pilgrimage of Grace’, in Barbara C. Malament (ed), After the Reformation: Essays in honour of J. H. Hexter (Manchester, 1980), p. 27 2 R. W. Hoyle, The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s (Oxford, 2001); Michael Bush, The Pilgrimage of Grace: A Study of the rebel armies of October 1536 (Manchester, 1996) 3 M. H. Dodds and R. Dodds, The Pilgrimage of Grace 1536-1537 and the Exeter Conspiracy 1538, 2 Volumes (New Impression, London, 1971, of orig. edn, Cambridge, 1915) 4 A. G. Dickens, ‘Secular and Religious Motivation in the Pilgrimage of Grace’, in G. J. Cuming (ed), Studies in Church History (Leiden, 1967), pp. 39-64; R. R. Reid, The King’s Council in the North (reprint, Wakefield, 1975, of orig. edn, London, 1921), esp. pp. 122-126 1 the monasteries in a leading role which united the rebels, unable to find a common ground through their various grievances. 5 As the above references suggest, the function of different social groups in the Pilgrimage of Grace has been considered at length but within them the clergy do not sustain a central role. The extent of relevant historiography however, does mean that this substantial work can be utilised to add depth to this study of clerical involvement. It should also be added that the question of ‘the role of the clergy in the Pilgrimage of Grace’ will not necessitate a comprehensive analysis of the motivations of the majority of the rebel force. What is required is an understanding of the extent to which the clergy manipulated all of the concerns of northern society and how this affected the direction and outcome of the rebellion. To assess their role, the motivations of the religious must first be considered as these can by no means, be considered universally applicable due to the diversity of the clerical orders in early modern England. Some clergy acted as leaders, some as followers. Some were eager to join, some had to be coerced. Works completed over the last two decades on the role of rumour in Henrican England and also the state and place of the clergy within the early modern community, have added a new dimension to how the historian can approach this subject with a better understanding of local politics and devotion to the religious.DO6 This is especially NOT helpful when studying COPY a topic which relies so heavily upon depositions and sporadic correspondence for its analysis. 5 C. S. L. Davies, ‘Popular Religion and the Pilgrimage of Grace’ in Anthony Fletcher and John Stevenson (eds), Order and disorder in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 58-91; Christopher Haigh, Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire (Cambridge, 1975), chp. 9, G. W. Bernard, The King’s Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church (London, 2005), chp. 4 6 Ethan H. Shagan, Popular Politics and the English Reformation (Cambridge, 2003); Ethan H. Shagan, ‘Rumours and Popular Politics in the Reign of Henry VIII’, in Tim Harris (ed), The Politics of the Excluded, c. 1500-1850 (Basingstoke, 2001), pp. 30-66; Peter Marshall, The Catholic Priesthood and the English Reformation (Oxford, 1994); Peter Marshall, The Face of 2 To date, no published study of the Pilgrimage has focussed solely on the role of the clergy and therefore this work can make a necessary contribution to the topic.7 The implications for this group were stark when it is considered that 16 per cent of those executed after the post-pardon revolts were members of the clergy. This does not take into account those who were known to have been involved in the Pilgrimage but could not be linked to any rising after the general pardon at the beginning of December 1536 and were therefore incarcerated indefinitely. 8 Monks who had been restored to their monasteries were to be dealt with mercilessly and Henry, as will be shown, wanted examples to be made. The role of the clergy in the Pilgrimage will therefore help to understand Henry’s attitude towards the religious and also, the part they played within northern society. In order to do this effectively it will be necessary to separate key elements of the rebellion and better understand the relationships that the clergy enjoyed, or suffered with the laity. This will begin by an analysis of the place of the northern clergy within their communities immediately preceding the uprisings in the last months of 1536. Central to this chapter will be the role that the clergy played in spreading rumour and how they had come to view the reformation up to this point. An analysis of the historiography around anticlericalism will also be undertaken in order to form a working tool with whichDO to assess the environment NOT within which theCOPY clergy lived and how this shaped their actions over the coming months. the Pastoral Ministry in the East Riding, 1525-1595 (York, 1995); David Lamburn, The Laity and the Church: Religious Developments in Beverley in the first half of the Sixteenth Century (York, 2000) 7 There is however an unpublished work by Susan Brigden, 'The Northern Clergy in the Pilgrimage of Grace: A Study in Resistance', University of Manchester BA thesis (1973) 8 Michael Bush & David Bownes, The Defeat of the Pilgrimage of Grace: A Study of the Postpardon Revolts of December 1536 to March 1537 and their Effect (Hull, 1999), pp. 411-412 3 The following chapter will consider their role in the Lincolnshire rising which along with rumours of changes to parochial religion has been noted by Hoyle as contributing directly to the uprising in Yorkshire.9 Following this, a study of the different clerical groups will be necessary in order to assess the various roles and motivations of the regular and secular clergy who had both common and particular interests and patterns of participation within the Pilgrimage. Finally, an assessment will be made of the actions of those clerics who attended the clerical conference at Pontefract at the beginning of December 1536. This is not only an important topic as the last significant clerical involvement in the rebellion, but also because its articles represent an opportunity to assess how the middle and upper ranking clergy felt about Henry’s reformation, and whether they represented the concerns of the lower orders who fill the pages of the previous chapters.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Value of Books
    The Value of Books: The York Minster Library as a social arena for commodity exchange. Master’s thesis, 60 credits, Spring 2018 Author: Luke Kelly Supervisor: Gudrun Andersson Seminar chair: Dag Lindström Date: 12/01/2018 HISTORISKA INSTITUTIONEN It would be the height of ignorance, and a great irony, if within a work focused on the donations of books, that the author fails to acknowledge and thank those who assisted in its production. Having been distant from both Uppsala and close friends whilst writing this thesis, (and missing dearly the chances to talk to others in person), it goes without saying that this work would not be possible if I had not had the support of many generous and wonderful people. Although to attempt to thank all those who assisted would, I am sure, fail to acknowledge everyone, a few names should be highlighted: Firstly, thank you to all of my fellow EMS students – the time spent in conversation over coffees shaped more of this thesis than you would ever realise. Secondly, to Steven Newman and all in the York Minster Library – without your direction and encouragement I would have failed to start, let alone finish, this thesis. Thirdly, to all members of History Node, especially Mikael Alm – the continued enthusiasm felt from you all reaches further than you know. Fourthly, to my family and closest – thank you for supporting (and proof reading, Maja Drakenberg) me throughout this process. Any success of the work can be attributed to your assistance. Finally, to Gudrun Andersson – thank you for offering guidance and support throughout this thesis’ production.
    [Show full text]
  • St Hilda`S Church, Bilsdale Priory List of Incumbents from 1407 to Present Day
    St Hilda`s Church, Bilsdale Priory List of incumbents from 1407 to present day 1407 William May 17th Thomas Barker de Billesdale Sep. in cimiterio de Byllesdale Domino Willelmo, capellano,xyd. Ad unam candela exhibendum coram Trinitate in caella predicta, vs. (Reg. Test.,iii269d.) 1476 Richard Graye May 20th Willelmus Horsley de Bylesdale Sep. in cimiterio capelle de Bilesdale, Ricardo Graye, vicario ibidem, meum optimum animal, nomine mortuarii mei. (Reg. Test., IV,91d.) 1542 Thomas Swaill Oct 24th Lawrence Kirke of Billisdale. My soul to God Almightie, to his mother Marie, and all the hevynlie company, and my bodie to be buried in the church erthe of sancta Ilde in Billisdale. My curate Sir Thomas Swaill a witness. (Reg. Test.,xi,653d.) 1572 Michael Watson Lawsuit. George Rudd c. Richard and Walt. Bankes- a debt for 6s.8d. for “browne bleize cloth” bought by or for Michael Watson priest of Bilsdale 1572. 1599-1633+ Anthony Lainge He was ordained priest in Durham Cathedral in 1590 and became curate of Bilesdale in 1599. He was mentioned in visitation calls until 1633. 1640 John Leng Was mentioned in visitation calls of 1640 1662-1684+ Raduphus(Ralph) Hague (or Haighe) Deacon in 1638, priest in 1639. Moneren Preacher diocesan (ie Licenced to preach within the diocese and province). Curate of Bilsdale 1662. Visitation calls till 1674. Mentioned in Parish Register in 1684. 1680 Henry Mason Was Curate of Ingleby Greenhow and was a subscriber in 1680 and 1697 as Curate of Bilsdale. 1690-1720 Richard Carr Son of Robt. Carr vicar of Kirby-in-Cleveland.
    [Show full text]
  • Walk 9 - a Walk to the Past
    Woodhall Spa Walks No 9 Walk 9 - A walk to the past Start from Royal Square - Grid Reference: TF 193631 Approx 1 hour This route takes the walker to the ruins of Kirkstead Abbey, (dissolved by Henry VIII over 300 years before Woodhall Spa came into being) and the little 13th Century Church of St Leonards. From Royal Square, take the Witham Road, towards the river, passing shops and houses until fields open out to your left. Soon after, look for the entrance to Abbey Lane (to the left). Follow this narrow lane. You will eventually cross the Beck (see also walks 6 and 7) as it approaches the river; the monks from the Abbey once re-routed it to obtain drinking water. Ahead, on the right, is Kirkstead Old Hall, which dates from the 17th Century. Following the land, you cannot miss the Abbey ruin ahead. All that remains now is part of the Abbey Church, but under the humps and bumps of the field are other remains that have yet to be properly excavated, though a brief exploration before the laqst war revealed some of the magnificence of the Cistercian Abbey. Beyond is the superb little Church of St Leonards ( the patron saint of prisoners), believed to have been built as a Chantry Chapel and used by travellers and local inhabitants. The Cistercians were great agriculturalists and wool from the Abbey lands commanded a high price for its quality. A whole community of craftsmen and labourers would have grown up around the Abbey as iut gained lands and power.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    INTRODUCTION. FORMER publications * of the Camden Society have brought before our notice Richard Duke of Gloucester, as continually engaged in the intrigues of a court or the storms of civil war, while for four centuries both his person and character have been the theme of almost universal vituperation. Into these subjects it is not the province of the editor of the present volume to enter; and, in truth, there is now the less occasion for it, since the volumes of Miss Halsted have appeared in the field of literature. This talented and zealous writer has adduced a host of authorities, apparently proving that his personal deformity existed but in the libels of an opposing faction, perpetuated in the pages of the poet and the novelist; while at the same time her researches seem to throw such light over the darker shades in his chequered career, as to induce the strongest presumption that he was not guilty of, or accessory to, those startling crimes which have been charged to his account. The limits, however, of the brief introduction allotted to this work, compel us to turn our attention from scenes of battle and of blood to other, and to us more interesting portions of his history. When, on the partition f of Warwick's vast domains between the sister heiresses, the lordship and manor of Middleharn, with its ancestral castle, became the fair heritage of Gloucester in * Historic of the Arrival of Edward IV. ; Warkworth's Chronicle ; and Polydore Vergil; being Nos. I. X. and XXVIII. of the Camden Society's publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Beckford 3 Scugdale Road, Swainby Dl6 3Dp
    BECKFORD 3 SCUGDALE ROAD, SWAINBY DL6 3DP AN IDYLLICALLY SITUATED DETACHED 5/6 BEDROOMED PROPERTY IN ½ ACRE OF GROUNDS • Well Laid Out & Spacious 5/6 Bed Detached Residence • In Need of Full Updating & Modernisation • Situated Just Outside the Village of Swainby • Scope for Extension subject to Purchasers Requirements • Easy Access to Yarm, Teesside, Stokesley & A.19 • Grounds Extending to ½ Acre or Thereabouts Price: Offers in the Region of £280,000 - £320,000 AVAILABLE FOR EARLY COMPLETION – EARLY INSPECTION ESSENTIAL 143 High Street, Northallerton, DL7 8PE Tel: 01609 771959 Fax: 01609 778500 www.northallertonestateagency.co.uk BECKFORD, 3 SCUGDALE ROAD, SWAINBY DL6 3DP SITUATION and scenery in and around the property and over towards the Hambleton Hills. Stokesley 6 ½ miles A19 3 ½ miles Yarm 8 ½ miles Teesside 16 miles Golf - Can be enjoyed at Stokesley, Yarm, Northallerton and Northallerton 9 miles Hutton Rudby 3 miles Thirsk and plenty of courses further afield. The property is particularly attractively situated in one of the Shopping – Market town shopping is available at Yarm, most sought after semi rural areas of North Yorkshire just Northallerton and Stokesley. Good centres at Darlington, outside the village of Swainby on the minor road to Scugdale. Richmond and major centres at Teesside, Leeds, Durham & The area is renowned for its attractive countryside and the York which are all readily accessible. property enjoys particularly attractive views to the front over open countryside whilst to the rear it runs down to the adjacent Hospitals - Comprehensive range of hospitals available within stream and enjoys panoramic views over to the Hambleton Hills. the area, principally James Cook at Teesside and the Friarage at Northallerton.
    [Show full text]
  • York Clergy Ordinations 1374-1399
    York Clergy Ordinations 1374-1399 Edited by David M. Smith 2020 www.york.ac.uk/borthwick archbishopsregisters.york.ac.uk Online images of the Archbishops’ Registers cited in this edition can be found on the York’s Archbishops’ Registers Revealed website. The conservation, imaging and technical development work behind the digitisation project was delivered thanks to funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Register of Alexander Neville 1374-1388 Register of Thomas Arundel 1388-1396 Sede Vacante Register 1397 Register of Robert Waldby 1397 Sede Vacante Register 1398 Register of Richard Scrope 1398-1405 YORK CLERGY ORDINATIONS 1374-1399 Edited by DAVID M. SMITH 2020 CONTENTS Introduction v Ordinations held 1374-1399 vii Editorial notes xiv Abbreviations xvi York Clergy Ordinations 1374-1399 1 Index of Ordinands 169 Index of Religious 249 Index of Titles 259 Index of Places 275 INTRODUCTION This fifth volume of medieval clerical ordinations at York covers the years 1374 to 1399, spanning the archiepiscopates of Alexander Neville, Thomas Arundel, Robert Waldby and the earlier years of Richard Scrope, and also including sede vacante ordinations lists for 1397 and 1398, each of which latter survive in duplicate copies. There have, not unexpectedly, been considerable archival losses too, as some later vacancy inventories at York make clear: the Durham sede vacante register of Alexander Neville (1381) and accompanying visitation records; the York sede vacante register after Neville’s own translation in 1388; the register of Thomas Arundel (only the register of his vicars-general survives today), and the register of Robert Waldby (likewise only his vicar-general’s register is now extant) have all long disappeared.1 Some of these would also have included records of ordinations, now missing from the chronological sequence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Northern Clergy and the Pilgrimage of Grace Keith Altazin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 The northern clergy and the Pilgrimage of Grace Keith Altazin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Altazin, Keith, "The northern clergy and the Pilgrimage of Grace" (2011). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 543. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/543 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE NORTHERN CLERGY AND THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Keith Altazin B.S., Louisiana State University, 1978 M.A., Southeastern Louisiana University, 2003 August 2011 Acknowledgments The completion of this dissertation would have not been possible without the support, assistance, and encouragement of a number of people. First, I would like to thank the members of my doctoral committee who offered me great encouragement and support throughout the six years I spent in the graduate program. I would especially like thank Dr. Victor Stater for his support throughout my journey in the PhD program at LSU. From the moment I approached him with my ideas on the Pilgrimage of Grace, he has offered extremely helpful advice and constructive criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • (Chapter 3) Red Fox.Pdf
    Changes in the status and distribution of mammals of the order Carnivora in Yorkshire from 1600. County history of the fox, badger, otter, pine marten, stoat, weasel, polecat, American mink, wildcat and domestic cat. Item Type Thesis Authors Howes, Colin Anthony Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 26/09/2021 15:51:07 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4306 CHAPTER 3 RED FOX (Vulpes vulpes L.) Introduction The red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) is a member of the family Canidae, a group of ten genera and 35 species including wolves, jackals and the domestic dog, as well as 12 species of fox in the genus Vulpes (Macdonald 2001). In addition to the red fox, the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) was present in late glacial times (see Appendix 3.1) but only the wolf (Canis lupus) and domestic dog (Canis familiaris) have been present in Britain’s post- glacial fauna. The wolf became extinct in England perhaps in the late 13th century (Yalden 1999), and the domestic dog generally failed or has not been allowed by human influence to form self-sustaining feral populations. Sub-fossil fox remains have been identified in cave sediments and prehistoric archaeological excavations from 13 sites across Yorkshire representing a range of geological and cultural periods.
    [Show full text]
  • North Yorkshire County Council Selby and Ainsty Area Constituency Committee – 11 June 2021 Update on Selby District Places and Movement Study
    North Yorkshire County Council Selby and Ainsty Area Constituency Committee – 11 June 2021 Update on Selby District Places and Movement Study 1.0 Purpose of the Report 1.1 To provide a progress report on the Selby District Places and Movement Study. 2.0 Update 2.2 The Selby Places and Movement study was commissioned in Summer 2020, jointly by NYCC and Selby District Council (SDC). The aim of the study is to consider how congestion could be reduced, how air quality could be improved and how the highway network might be adapted to support improved movement for all modes. In addition to this, the study also considers the place making agenda in the towns in question. 2.3 The study was commissioned covering the areas of Selby, Sherburn in Elmet and Tadcaster, and was funded by the YNYLEP, the NYCC major scheme development budget and Selby District Council. 2.4 A series of workshops, including elected members, officers and partner organisations have taken place at various stages throughout the process to allow dissemination of information and opportunity to input into options and make suggestions. 2.5 During the optioneering process, working in partnership with planning colleagues, it became apparent that work on the Tadcaster option would clash with Selby district local plan development options, therefore work on that particular element of the study was paused. Work on the Tadcaster elements of the study will resume once the local plan consultation has concluded. The funding that remained for the Tadcaster elements of the study has been diverted to additional modelling of the Selby options.
    [Show full text]
  • Register of Notifications to Remove
    East Lindsey District Council Hedgerow Regulations 1997 REGISTER OF NOTIFICATIONS TO REMOVE Date App. Applicant Address Grid Ref: Decision: Ref Retention Notice(R) Allowed(A) 04/07/01 43/61 Grainsby Farms Barton St., Grainsby TF260987 A 13/08/01 Ltd., 11/07/01 44/52 C. V. Stubbs & Fotherby TF313914 A 24/08/01 Son 31/07/01 45/161 Mrs. M. Brader & Hall Farm, South TF417834 A 28/8/01 Mrs. H. Benson Reston 13/08/01 46/107 R. Caudwell Ltd., A18, Ludborough TF279963 A 10/09/01 04/09/01 47/159 G. & B. Dobson South Elkington TF292888 A 11/10/01 Ltd., 03/08/02 48/92 Lincs. County Ticklepenny Lock TF351888 A 16/09/02 Council Road, Keddington 03/10/02 49/127 G.H. Parker Grange Farm, Lock TA351011 A 15/11/02 (North Cotes) Road, North Cotes Ltd. 22/04/03 50/35 G.P. Owen, The Lodge, TA233544 A 22/05/02 New York Road, Dogdyke, 10/09/03 51/163 N. Wilkinson Manor Farm, TF 361833 A 15/11/05 Ltd., South Thoresby, Mr. Chris Done Alford 23/08/04 52/39 Mr Kevin Tudor Cottage TF504605 A 6/10/04 Beardwood Croft Lane (26/11/04) Croft 07/01/05 53/37 AB & MJ Motley Blenheim House TF 334948 A 04/11/03 Covenham St. Mary (01/03/04) 22/02/05 54/22 Mr. T. High Cell Farm, TF 167581 R 21/04/05 Brocklehurst Bucknall 09/11/06 55/162 Anglian Water Thorpe Wood house, TF 435941 A 28/12/06 Thorpe Wood, Peterborough 23/11/06 56/67 R&A Needham Hall Farm, Pedlar TF 398895 A 02/01/07 Lane, South Cockerington 19/12/06 57/151 LCC R.
    [Show full text]
  • Alegendhaslongpersistedthatt
    The Economic Problems ofthe See of York: Decline and Recovery in the Sixteenth Century By CLAIRE CROSS A LEGEND has long persisted that the temporalities of the see of York suffered disastrously at the time of the Reformation through spoliation by the crown. Unembellished evidence confirms that in the decade between 1536 and 1546 Archbishops Edward Lee and Robert Holgate surren dered to Henry VIII avery large part of their ancient episcopal lands and that vast north^n estates, which the archbishops of York had possessed since long before the Conquest, passed permanently into royal ownership. Yet some early York historians have been reluctant to admit that the crown granted to the see ecclesiastical revenues, chiefly arising from the recently dissolved monasteries, in at least partial recompense for the lands the two successive archbishops had renouiKed. Undoubtedly during the middle years of the sixteenth century the see of York underwent aperiod of serious economic disruption but it seems that the archbishops did not have to face a lasting catastrophic fall in their income. Indeed, by 1600 the archbishop of York received an income from temporalities nominally equal to the income his predecessor had enjoyed in 1530- What had changed, and this had long-term consequences both religious subsequent history ofthesee, was the source ofthis revenue. The first histories of York, James Torre, who wrote his immensely detailed collection on the church mYork towards the end of the seventeenth century, and Archbishop John Sharp, who commissioned areconstruction
    [Show full text]
  • The Teesdale Mercury—Wednesday, July 21, Books
    THE TEESDALE MERCURY—WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, STAINDl k TO BE LET, NETEB in our recollection have the crops A Scene took place at Haughton-le-Skerne on Thursday evening. A number of per>ons, armed Extraordinary Cat.—I J . M . MA R8H ALL; ND may be entered upon immediately, a large of grass been heavier in this district than at fin1-— k in possession of a cal MARKET-PLACE, BARNARD CASTLE, A FRONT SHOP, with Bow Windows and run- with spades, pick-axes, mallets, and other implement*, ing shutters, of the best construction, with a Cellar the present season, and never was there a made an attack upon some post* which had been killing rats a* the best terrier I K6S to intimate that on and a tor FRIDAY, the 80TH uit., he is prepared to Show a LARGE a few day* ago which measu J STOCK of r r . and House Accomodation, situate in the Bank, probability of their being better harvested. placed for protecting the footpath on the villagegreen, B BARNARD CASTLE, For particulars apply to and after considerable labour and tumult, to the dis­ tail to the end of the snout, 2 Mrs. ROWXTREE on the premises. The inventions of grass-cutters and hay­ turbance of the peace, nnd dissatisfaction of the when she ha* killed a rat, to < JNJJLLIKEBT BONNETS, HATS, AND JVJANILES, making machines prove their value more and inhabitant* who witnessed the fcene, had the posts owner. Of the Newest Parisian rod London Designs ; RICHMOND uprooted and destroyed, the one policeman of the place r Hay Harvest.—A 1.
    [Show full text]