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Digital Array Radar for Ballistic Missile Defense and Counter-Stealth Systems Analysis and Parameter Tradeoff Study

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Digital Array Radar for Ballistic Missile Defense and Counter-Stealth Systems Analysis and Parameter Tradeoff Study Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2006-09 Digital array radar for Ballistic Missile Defense and Counter-stealth systems analysis and parameter tradeoff study Bacchus, Carla Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6924 NPS-SE-06-001 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA Digital Array Radar for Ballistic Missile Defense and Counter-Stealth Systems Analysis and Parameter Tradeoff Study by Carla Bacchus Ian Barford David Bedford Jack Chung Paul Dailey Robert Hazle Stanley Hill Mark Mihocka 14 September 2006 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93943-5001 COL. David A. Smarsh, USAF Leonard A Ferrari Acting President Associate Provost This report was prepared for the Chairman of the Systems Engineering Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Systems Engineering. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized. This report was prepared by the Masters of Science in Systems Engineering (MSSE) Cohort Four from the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego: Authors _______________________ Carla Bacchus Ian Barford David Bedford Jack Chung Paul Dailey Robert Hazle Stanley Hill Mark Mihocka Reviewed by: Released by: ________________________ ______________________________ David H. Olwell, Ph. D. Dan C. Boger, Ph. D. Chairman, Department of Systems Engineering Interim Associate Provost and Dean of Research THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2006 Technical Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: Digital Array Radar for Ballistic Missile Defense 5. FUNDING NUMBERS and Counter-Stealth Systems Analysis and Parameter Tradeoff Study 6. AUTHOR(S) Carla Bacchus, Ian Barford, David Bedford, Jack Chung Paul Dailey, Robert Hazle, Stanley Hill, Mark Mihocka 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited A 13. ABSTRACT United States Navy (USN) sources indicate a need for long-range shipboard radar for the Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) program to augment and expand the USN’s current capabilities. The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) conducted a study on radar architecture research based on a digital Opportunistic Array (OA) integrated into a ship’s hull. Our completed research defined the operational and technical requirements for the system, called the Digital Array Radar for BMD and Counter-stealth (DARBC). Initial analysis included characterization of the threat and definition of the Concept of Operations (CONOPS). Basic operational Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) were defined. Based on a notional ballistic missile Radar Cross Section (RCS), a radar technical parameters study derived the technical requirements for the radar necessary to meet the KPPs. Related research topics included radar parameter sensitivity, cooling, search pattern options, Electronic Attack (EA), ship flexure, topside array layout, supportability, and cost. Finally, reaction time modeling was conducted to quantify the increase in search volume and decision making time using the DARBC. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF Aperstructure, Opportunistic Array, Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), Concept of Operations PAGES (CONOPS), Radar Cross Section (RCS), Reaction Time, Electronic Attack, Ship Flexure, Radar 304 Search Pattern 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii ABSTRACT United States Navy (USN) sources indicate a need for long-range shipboard radar for the Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) program to augment and expand the USN’s current capabilities. The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) conducted a study on radar architecture research based on a digital Opportunistic Array (OA) integrated into a ship’s hull. Our research defined the operational and technical requirements for the system, called the Digital Array Radar for BMD and Counter-stealth (DARBC). Initial analysis included characterization of the threat and definition of the Concept of Operations (CONOPS). Basic operational Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) were defined. Based on a notional ballistic missile Radar Cross Section (RCS), a radar technical parameters study derived the technical requirements for the radar necessary to meet the KPPs. Related research topics included radar parameter sensitivity, cooling, search pattern options, Electronic Attack (EA), ship flexure, topside array layout, supportability, and cost. Finally, reaction time modeling was conducted to quantify the increase in search volume and decision making time using the DARBC. iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................1 I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................5 A. MOTIVATION ................................................................................................5 B. PREVIOUS WORK.........................................................................................6 C. SCOPE OF PROJECT AND PAPER ORGANIZATION...........................6 1. Scope and Tasking from NPS .............................................................6 2. Organization.........................................................................................7 II. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS AND THREAT DESCRIPTION..........................9 A. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS......................................................................9 1. BMD Mission........................................................................................9 2. Threat Summary................................................................................10 3. Operational View and Scenarios ......................................................12 III. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT FOR OPPORTUNISTIC ARRAY RADAR ...........................15 A. DARBC PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS..............................................15 1. Operational Parameters ....................................................................16 2. Technical Parameters ........................................................................17 3. Array Element Density and Integration ..........................................29 4. Electronic Warfare ............................................................................32 5. Element Wireless Communications..................................................34 6. Cooling Requirements .......................................................................34 7. Search Pattern Recommendations ...................................................40 8. Logistics Considerations....................................................................44 9. Ship Flexure Impacts.........................................................................45 B. PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS...............................................................54 1. Cost......................................................................................................54 2. Strategies for Future Development and Evaluation (SEP) ............58 3. DOTLMPF..........................................................................................60 IV. MODELING EFFORTS ...........................................................................................63 A. RADAR CROSS SECTION (RCS) MODELING ......................................63 B. RADAR PERFORMANCE MODEL ..........................................................66 C. REACTION TIME ANALYSIS ONE SHIP TWO SENSOR SCENARIO ....................................................................................................67 D. REACTION TIME ANALYSIS TWO SHIP TWO SENSOR SCENARIO ....................................................................................................74 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................79 A. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................79
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