IBM 650 (Magnetic Drum Computer)
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UNIVAC I Computer System
Saved from the Internet on 3/9/2010 Created by Allan Reiter UNIVAC I Computer System After you look at this yellow page go to the blue page to find out how UNIVAC I really worked. My name is Allan Reiter and in 1954 began my career with a company in St Paul, Minnesota called Engineering Research Associates (ERA) that was part of the Remington Rand Corporation. I was hired with 3 friends, Paul S. Lawson, Vernon Sandoz, and Robert Kress. We were buddies who met in the USAF where we were trained and worked on airborne radar on B-50 airplanes. In a way this was the start of our computer career because the radar was controlled by an analog computer known as the Q- 24. After discharge from the USAF Paul from Indiana and Vernon from Texas drove up to Minnesota to visit me. They said they were looking for jobs. We picked up a newspaper and noticed an ad that sounded interesting and decided to check it out. The ad said they wanted people with military experience in electronics. All three of us were hired at 1902 West Minnehaha in St. Paul. We then looked up Robert Kress (from Iowa) and he was hired a few days later. The four of us then left for Philadelphia with three cars and one wife. Robert took his wife Brenda along. This was where the UNIVAC I was being built. Parts of the production facilities were on an upper floor of a Pep Boys building. Another building on Allegheny Avenue had a hydraulic elevator operated with water pressure. -
Computer Organization & Architecture Eie
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE EIE 411 Course Lecturer: Engr Banji Adedayo. Reg COREN. The characteristics of different computers vary considerably from category to category. Computers for data processing activities have different features than those with scientific features. Even computers configured within the same application area have variations in design. Computer architecture is the science of integrating those components to achieve a level of functionality and performance. It is logical organization or designs of the hardware that make up the computer system. The internal organization of a digital system is defined by the sequence of micro operations it performs on the data stored in its registers. The internal structure of a MICRO-PROCESSOR is called its architecture and includes the number lay out and functionality of registers, memory cell, decoders, controllers and clocks. HISTORY OF COMPUTER HARDWARE The first use of the word ‘Computer’ was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculation or computation. A brief History: Computer as we all know 2day had its beginning with 19th century English Mathematics Professor named Chales Babage. He designed the analytical engine and it was this design that the basic frame work of the computer of today are based on. 1st Generation 1937-1946 The first electronic digital computer was built by Dr John V. Atanasoff & Berry Cliford (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer named colossus was built for military. 1946 – The first general purpose digital computer- the Electronic Numerical Integrator and computer (ENIAC) was built. This computer weighed 30 tons and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which were used for processing. -
TV Club Newsletter; April 4-10, 1953
COVERING THE TV BEAT: GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS ON COLOR TV ARE BEING LIFTED. How- ever, this doesn't bring color on your screen any closer. Color TV will arrive after extensive four-month field tests of the system recently developed through the pooled research of major set manufacturers; after the FCC studies and ap- proves the new method ; and after the many more months it will take to organize factory production of sets and to in- stall color telecasting equipment. TED MACK AND THE ORIGINAL AMATEUR HOUR RETURN to your TV screen April 25 to be seen each Saturday from 8:30 - 9 p.m. It will replace the second half of THE ALL-STAR REVUE, which goes off. WHAM-TV and WBEN-TV have indicated that they will carry the show. THREE DIMENSIONAL TV is old stuff to the Atomic Energy Commission. Since 1950, a 3D TV system, developed in coop- eration with DuMont, has been in daily use at the AEC's Argonne National Laboratories near Chicago. It allows technicians to watch atomic doings closely without danger from radiation. TV WRESTLERS ARE PACKING THEM IN AT PHILADELPHIA'S MOVIE houses where they are billed as added stage attractions with simulated TV bouts. SET-MAKERS PREDICT that by the end of the year 24-inch sets will constitute 25% of production. FOREIGN INTRIGUE is being released for European TV distri- bution with one version in French and the other with Ger- man subtitles. "I LOVE LUCY", WILL PRESENT "RICKY JR.", the most celebrat- ed TV baby, in its forthcoming series now being filmed in Hollywood. -
The Ledger and Times, April 16, 1953
Murray State's Digital Commons The Ledger & Times Newspapers 4-16-1953 The Ledger and Times, April 16, 1953 The Ledger and Times Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/tlt Recommended Citation The Ledger and Times, "The Ledger and Times, April 16, 1953" (1953). The Ledger & Times. 1272. https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/tlt/1272 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Newspapers at Murray State's Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Ledger & Times by an authorized administrator of Murray State's Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. :g hi A .0.• ..•••••• Aks AWL It. 11,f5N Selected As Best All sound Kentucky Community Newspaper for 1947 We Weather Are KN^ETUCKV: Fair with -ir -- terrepersteoires-neetr -Or a little Helping To 1411NNsorst• below freezing tomeht. low 30 to 34 in the east and a Build Murray , • `1,:*"\ ‘7441"--"7- 32 to 38 in the east portion. Friday fair and continued Each Day cool. r• YOUR PROGRESSIVE HOME NEWSPAPER United Press IN ITS 74th YEAR Murray, Ky., Thursday Afternioon, April 16, 1953 MURRAY POPULATION . - - 8,000 Vol. XXIX; No. 91 Vitality Dress Shoes IKE CHALLENGES RE!)s IN PEACE MOVE Basque, Red Calf and , als; In Flight Blue Calf Soon de Hoard I Now.4)':,t7".. Lions Will Be Six Point Program Listed $10.95 By LEIO, PANMUNJOM, ,./iApril 16 Sold To Aid By President To End War Al'OUttd • / (UP)-Red trucks b. /ambulances today delivered the first of 805 By MERRIMAN SMITH ,hopes with mere words and prom- I Allied sick and wounded prisoners Health Center WASHINGTON April 16 iUPI- ises and gestures," he said. -
Details Von Neumann/Turing Structure of Von Nuemann Machine
ENIAC - background 168 420 Computer Architecture ] Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer ] Eckert and Mauchly Chapter 2 ] University of Pennsylvania Computer Evolution and ] Trajectory tables for weapons Performance ] Started 1943 ] Finished 1946 \ Too late for war effort ] Used until 1955 ENIAC - details ENIAC ] Decimal (not binary) ] 20 accumulators of 10 digits ] Programmed manually by switches ] 18,000 vacuum tubes ] 30 tons ] 15,000 square feet ] 140 kW power consumption ] 5,000 additions per second Structure of von Nuemann von Neumann/Turing machine ] Stored Program concept ] Main memory storing programs and data Arithmetic and Logic Unit ] ALU operating on binary data ] Control unit interpreting instructions from Input Output Main memory and executing Equipment Memory ] Input and output equipment operated by control unit ] Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies Program Control Unit \ IAS ] Completed 1952 1 IAS - details Structure of IAS - detail ] 1000 x 40 bit words Central Processing Unit Arithmetic and Logic Unit \ Binary number Accumulator MQ \ 2 x 20 bit instructions ] Set of registers (storage in CPU) Arithmetic & Logic Circuits \ Memory Buffer Register Input MBR Output Instructions \ Memory Address Register Main Equipment & Data \ Instruction Register Memory \ Instruction Buffer Register IBR PC MAR \ Program Counter IR Control \ Accumulator Circuits Address \ Multiplier Quotient Program Control Unit IAS Commercial Computers ] 1947 - Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation ] UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) ] -
The Largest Project in IT History New England Db2 Users Group Meeting Old Sturbridge Village, 1 Old Sturbridge Village Road, Sturbridge, MA 01566, USA
The Largest Project in IT History New England Db2 Users Group Meeting Old Sturbridge Village, 1 Old Sturbridge Village Road, Sturbridge, MA 01566, USA Milan Babiak Client Technical Professional + Mainframe Evangelist IBM Canada [email protected] Thursday September 26, AD2019 © 2019 IBM Corporation The Goal 2 © 2019 IBM Corporation AGENDA 1. IBM mainframe history overview 1952-2019 2. The Largest Project in IT History: IBM System/360 3. Key Design Principles 4. Key Operational Principles 5. Dedication 3 © 2019 IBM Corporation The Mainframe Family tree – 1952 to 1964 • Several mainframe families announced, designed for different applications • Every family had a different, incompatible architecture • Within families, moving from one generation to the next was a migration Common compilers made migration easier: FORTRAN (1957) 62 nd anniversary in 2019 COBOL (1959) 60 th anniversary in 2019 4 © 2019 IBM Corporation The Mainframe Family tree – 1952 to 1964 1st generation IBM 701 – 1952 IBM 305 RAMAC – 1956 2nd generation IBM 1401 – 1959 IBM 1440 – 1962 IBM 7094 – 1962 5 © 2019 IBM Corporation The April 1964 Revolution - System 360 3rd generation • IBM decided to implement a wholly new architecture • Specifically designed for data processing • IBM invested $5B to develop System 360 announced on April 7, 1964 IBM Revenue in 1964: $3.23B 6 © 2019 IBM Corporation Data Processing Software in Historical Perspective System 360 1964 IMS 1968 VSAM 1970s ADABAS by Software AG 1971 Oracle database by Oracle Corporation 1977 SMF/RMF system data 1980s -
The UNIVAC System, 1948
5 - The WHAT*S YOUR PROBLEM? Is it the tedious record-keepin% and the arduous figure-work of commerce and industry? Or is it the intricate mathematics of science? Perhaps yoy problem is now considered im ossible because of prohibitive costs asso- ciated with co b methods of solution.- The UNIVAC* SYSTEM has been developed by the Eckert-Mauchly Computer to solve such problems. Within its scope come %fm%s as diverse as air trarfic control, census tabu- lakions, market research studies, insurance records, aerody- namic desisn, oil prospecting, searching chemical literature and economic planning. The UNIVAC COMPUTER and its auxiliary equipment are pictured on the cover and schematically pre- sented on the opposite page. ELECTRONS WORK FASTER.---- thousands of times faster ---- than re- lavs and mechanical parts. The mmuses the in- he&ently high speed *of the electron tube to obtain maximum roductivity with minimum equipment. Electrons workfaster %an ever before in the newly designed UNIVAC CO~UTER, in which little more than one-millionth of a second is needed to deal with a decimal d'igit. Coupled with this computer are magnetic tape records which can be read and classified while new records are generated at a rate of ten thousand decimal- digits per second. f AUTOMATIC OPERATION is the key to greater economies in the 'hand- ling of all sorts of information, both numerical and alpha- betic. For routine tasks only a small operating staff is re- -qured. Changing from one job to another is only a matter of a few minutes. Flexibilit and versatilit are inherent in the UNIVAC methoM o e ectronic *contro ma in9 use of an ex- tremely large storage facility for ttmemorizi@ instructions~S LOW MAINTENANCE AND HIGH RELIABILITY are assured by a design which draws on the technical skill of a group of engineers who have specialized in electronic computing techniques. -
Sperry Rand's Third-Generation Computers 1964–1980
Sperry Rand’s Third-Generation Computers 1964–1980 George T. Gray and Ronald Q. Smith The change from transistors to integrated circuits in the mid-1960s marked the beginning of third-generation computers. A late entrant (1962) in the general-purpose, transistor computer market, Sperry Rand Corporation moved quickly to produce computers using ICs. The Univac 1108’s success (1965) reversed the company’s declining fortunes in the large-scale arena, while the 9000 series upheld its market share in smaller computers. Sperry Rand failed to develop a successful minicomputer and, faced with IBM’s dominant market position by the end of the 1970s, struggled to maintain its position in the computer industry. A latecomer to the general-purpose, transistor would be suitable for all types of processing. computer market, Sperry Rand first shipped its With its top management having accepted the large-scale Univac 1107 and Univac III comput- recommendation, IBM began work on the ers to customers in the second half of 1962, System/360, so named because of the intention more than two years later than such key com- to cover the full range of computing tasks. petitors as IBM and Control Data. While this The IBM 360 did not rely exclusively on lateness enabled Sperry Rand to produce rela- integrated circuitry but instead employed a tively sophisticated products in the 1107 and combination of separate transistors and chips, III, it also meant that they did not attain signif- called Solid Logic Technology (SLT). IBM made icant market shares. Fortunately, Sperry’s mili- a big event of the System/360 announcement tary computers and the smaller Univac 1004, on 7 April 1964, holding press conferences in 1005, and 1050 computers developed early in 62 US cities and 14 foreign countries. -
Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division Photographs and Audiovisual Materials 1985.261
Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division photographs and audiovisual materials 1985.261 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 14, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division photographs and audiovisual materials 1985.261 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 6 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 8 Bibliography -
6.823 Computer System Architecture
6.823 Computer System Architecture Instructors: Daniel Sanchez and Joel Emer TA: Hyun Ryong (Ryan) Lee What you’ll understand after The processor you taking 6.823 built in 6.004 September 8, 2021 MIT 6.823 Fall 2021 L01-1 Computing devices then… September 8, 2021 MIT 6.823 Fall 2021 L01-2 Computing devices now September 8, 2021 MIT 6.823 Fall 2021 L01-3 A journey through this space • What do computer architects actually do? • Illustrate via historical examples – Early days: ENIAC, EDVAC, and EDSAC – Arrival of IBM 650 and then IBM 360 – Seymour Cray – CDC 6600, Cray 1 – Microprocessors and PCs – Multicores – Cell phones • Focus on ideas, mechanisms, and principles, especially those that have withstood the test of time September 8, 2021 MIT 6.823 Fall 2021 L01-4 Abstraction layers Application Algorithm Parallel computing, Programming Language specialization, Original Operating System/Virtual Machine security, … domain of the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Domain of computer Microarchitecture computer architect architecture (‘90s) (‘50s-‘80s) Register-Transfer Level (RTL) Circuits Reliability, power Devices Expansion of Physics computer architecture, mid- 2000s onward. September 8, 2021 MIT 6.823 Fall 2021 L01-5 Computer Architecture is the design of abstraction layers • What do abstraction layers provide? – Environmental stability within generation – Environmental stability across generations – Consistency across a large number of units • What are the consequences? – Encouragement to create reusable foundations: • Toolchains, operating systems, libraries – Enticement for application innovation September 8, 2021 MIT 6.823 Fall 2021 L01-6 Technology is the dominant factor in computer design Technology Transistors Computers Integrated circuits VLSI (initially) Flash memories, … Technology Core memories Computers Magnetic tapes Disks Technology ROMs, RAMs VLSI Computers Packaging Low Power September 8, 2021 MIT 6.823 Fall 2021 L01-7 But Software.. -
P the Pioneers and Their Computers
The Videotape Sources: The Pioneers and their Computers • Lectures at The Compp,uter Museum, Marlboro, MA, September 1979-1983 • Goal: Capture data at the source • The first 4: Atanasoff (ABC), Zuse, Hopper (IBM/Harvard), Grosch (IBM), Stibitz (BTL) • Flowers (Colossus) • ENIAC: Eckert, Mauchley, Burks • Wilkes (EDSAC … LEO), Edwards (Manchester), Wilkinson (NPL ACE), Huskey (SWAC), Rajchman (IAS), Forrester (MIT) What did it feel like then? • What were th e comput ers? • Why did their inventors build them? • What materials (technology) did they build from? • What were their speed and memory size specs? • How did they work? • How were they used or programmed? • What were they used for? • What did each contribute to future computing? • What were the by-products? and alumni/ae? The “classic” five boxes of a stored ppgrogram dig ital comp uter Memory M Central Input Output Control I O CC Central Arithmetic CA How was programming done before programming languages and O/Ss? • ENIAC was programmed by routing control pulse cables f ormi ng th e “ program count er” • Clippinger and von Neumann made “function codes” for the tables of ENIAC • Kilburn at Manchester ran the first 17 word program • Wilkes, Wheeler, and Gill wrote the first book on programmiidbBbbIiSiing, reprinted by Babbage Institute Series • Parallel versus Serial • Pre-programming languages and operating systems • Big idea: compatibility for program investment – EDSAC was transferred to Leo – The IAS Computers built at Universities Time Line of First Computers Year 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 ••••• BTL ---------o o o o Zuse ----------------o Atanasoff ------------------o IBM ASCC,SSEC ------------o-----------o >CPC ENIAC ?--------------o EDVAC s------------------o UNIVAC I IAS --?s------------o Colossus -------?---?----o Manchester ?--------o ?>Ferranti EDSAC ?-----------o ?>Leo ACE ?--------------o ?>DEUCE Whirl wi nd SEAC & SWAC ENIAC Project Time Line & Descendants IBM 701, Philco S2000, ERA.. -
A Short History of Computing
A Short History of Computing 01/15/15 1 Jacques de Vaucanson 1709-1782 • Gifted French artist and inventor • Son of a glove-maker, aspired to be a clock- maker • 1727-1743 – Created a series of mechanical automations that simulated life. • Best remembered is the “Digesting Duck”, which had over 400 parts. • Also worked to automate looms, creating the first automated loom in 1745. 01/15/15 2 1805 - Jacquard Loom • First fully automated and programmable loom • Used punch cards to “program” the pattern to be woven into cloth 01/15/15 3 Charles Babbage 1791-1871 • English mathematician, engineer, philosopher and inventor. • Originated the concept of the programmable computer, and designed one. • Could also be a Jerk. 01/15/15 4 1822 – Difference Engine Numerical tables were constructed by hand using large numbers of human “computers” (one who computes). Annoyed by the many human errors this produced, Charles Babbage designed a “difference engine” that could calculate values of polynomial functions. It was never completed, although much work was done and money spent. Book Recommendation: The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer by Doron Swade 01/15/15 5 1837 – Analytical Engine Charles Babbage first described a general purpose analytical engine in 1837, but worked on the design until his death in 1871. It was never built due to lack of manufacturing precision. As designed, it would have been programmed using punch-cards and would have included features such as sequential control, loops, conditionals and branching. If constructed, it would have been the first “computer” as we think of them today.