“Political, Economic and Social Challenges of the Balkan Countries in the Process of European Integration”
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“Political, Economic and Social Challenges of the Balkan Countries in the Process of European Integration” Second International Conference on European Studies Epoka University Publication EPOKA UNIVERSITY The 2nd International Conference on European Studies (ICES 2009) "Political, Economic and Social Challenges of the Balkan Countries in the Process of European Integration" PROCEEDINGS BOOK Editors: Ferdinand Gjana Muharem Gürkaynak Cemal Baltacı Ramadan Çipuri Tirana, 6-7 November 2009 i The 2nd International Conference on European Studies (ICES 2009) "Political, Economic and Social Challenges of the Balkan Countries in the Process of European Integration" Published by: EPOKA UNIVERSITY Rr. e Durrësit, Sheshi Rilindja, Ish-shkolla e Partisë, Tirana / Albania Tel: 04 223 20 86 / 04 222 21 17 [email protected] www.epoka.edu.al Copyright: ICES 2009 Reproduction of this Publication for ducational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Sponsor of ICES 2009 Conference Proceeding Book: The publication of these materials was financed by Banka Kombetare Tregtare (Main Sponsor), Eagle Mobile (Golden Sponsor) and Albtelecom (Communication Sponsor). ISBN: 978-999-566-817-4 Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information, contained in this publication, The Research and Application center of Epoka University will not assume liability for writing and any use made of the proceedings, and the presentation of the participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ii Executive Committee Ferdinand Gjana (Chairman) Muharrem Gürkaynak Cemal Baltacı Nedret Demirci Niuton Mulleti Ramadan Çipuri Ahmed Fatih Ersoy Idaver Sherifi Alba Gerdeci (Secretariat) Matilda Likaj (Secretariat) Scientific Committee Ali Arslan, Istanbul University, Turkey Bejtulla Destani, Institute of Albanian Studies, UK Clirim Toci, Albanian Defense College, Albania Cuneyt Yenigun, Istanbul Culture University, Turkey Ermal Hitaj, University of Maryland, USA Massimo Bianchi, Università di Bologna, Italy Güngor Turan, Epoka University, Albania Muharrem Gürkaynak, Epoka University, Albania Hüseyin Şentürk, Columbia University, USA Jeronim Bazo, Albanian Defense College, Albania Indrit Hoxha, University of Texas at Houston, USA John C. Topuz, Southerneastern Oklahoma University, USA Nicholas Pano, Western Illinois University, USA Omer Eroğlu, Epoka University, Albania Veli Kreci, SEEU, Macedonia iii SPONSOR FIRMS MAIN SPONSOR: BANKA KOMBETARE TREGTARE GOLDEN SPONSOR: EAGLE MOBILE COMMUNICATION SPONSOR: ALBTELECOM iv PREFACE Since the fall of the Berlin Wall all the Balkan countries have turned their direction toward the EU and NATO. During these two decades there have occurred very drastic changes in this region. Yugoslavia has been dissolved giving birth to eight different countries, for some of which the chirurgical “intervention” has been needed. Albania the country enclosed in the iron cage for five decades has reached a previously unbelievable place in the international arena with its NATO membership in April 2009. Romania and Bulgaria within one and half decades of the fall of the Communism in Eastern Europe, realized their NATO and EU membership dreams. Turkey, the biggest country within the region and a senior NATO member, has long been seeking EU membership gates by undertaking reforms. Greece, as the oldest EU member in the region, has played a very decisive role in the integration process of the region. Balkan nationalism and intrastate conflicts which have been always present in this region, have slowed down the process of integration. Corruption and governance deficits, although in decrease, have been other factors hindering the way to EU membership. In these developments Epoka University, in cooperation with Istanbul University, organized the Second International Conference on European Studies to assist the continuing processes towards integration and to bring solutions or suggestions to several problematic issues facing the Balkan countries. It is my hope that the articles in the ICES`09 Proceedings will help further this goal. Dr. Ferdinand GJANA Vice - Rector and Chairman of ICES`09 v CONTENTS Ylber SELA, PhD and Halim BAJRAKTARI, M.A. European Perspective of Kosovo 02 Steven EKOVICH European Integration and the United States: Shared Prosperity and Shared Crises 21 Asst.Prof.Dr. Coşkun TOPAL The Enlargement Policy of EU and Relations with Turkey 35 Luljeta Ikonomi, LL.M, PhD Candidate* EU Policy on Migration Management and Its Impact for the Western Balkans: The ‘Case of Albania’ 45 Jasna BACOVSKA, Political Communication and Journalism in the Balkans 69 Prof. PhD. Esmeralda URUÇI and Albana BORIÇI (Begani), PhD The Financial Crisis, Its Dimensions and Consequences in the World and the Albanian Economy 79 Jeta HANI and Kadishe LIMANI Does Macedonia Have to Abandon Its Fixed Exchange Rate of the Denar or Devaluate It? 96 Asst. Prof. Dr. Nedret DEMIRCI and Professor, Dr. Mustafa ACAR The Role of Economic Freedoms on the Road to the EU: The Case of Balkan Countries 114 Assoc.Prof. Cüneyt YENIGÜN, Ph.D. Balkan Multiculturi sm: Example to Itself & to the EU 122 Prof. Dr. Jonuz ABDULLAI and Memet MEMETI The Prolonged Transition – an Obstacle for Macedonia’s Integration in Euro-Atlantic Structures 132 Ali BERK, Diana SHEHU, Tufan BAL , Rural Development Policies in European Union Membership Process: Evaluation in case of Turkey and Albania 147 Volkova EKATERINA, The European Union Strategy towards the South European states: the Case of Political Transformation in Serbia 159 Orjeta JAUPAJ and Bashkim LUSHAJ An Evaluation of Chapter 14 of EU Acquis Communautaire Energy Acquis, Albanian Law Approximation and Challenges 167 Didem EKINCI, Ph.D. Europeanization Process and Bilateral Relations In the Balkans: Turkey and Albania 184 vi Asst. Prof. Dr. Niyazi KURNAZ and lecturer Hanife TOPAL An Analysis of General Situation of Auditing and Auditing Profession in the Turkish Insurance Sector During the European Union Pre-Accession Period of Turkey 206 Prof. Assoc. Dr. Kozeta SEVRANI and Dr. Rovena BAHITI ICT and Albanian Public Administation Reform 225 Muhammet S. KAFKASYALI Power of the Commission and the Supranationalist Dimension of the EU 244 Kujtim MORINA Corruption and the Functioning of Public Administration as Challenges for European Integration of Albania 260 Dr. Merita (VASO) XHUMARI The Need For Coordination Of Pension Systems In Balkans (with a Focus on Albania, Macedonia and Kosovo) 287 Sonja RISTESKA The Energy Community of Southeast Wurope: Finding new Approach or Enhancing the Regional Cooperation (An Alternative to EU Enlargement?) 301 Snezana HRISTOVA, MSc Knowledge and Innovation Policies in the Direction of the European Integration 309 Onofrio ROMANO Albania and Apulia Contribution to European Identity 324 Merale FETAHI, MSc and Irena SPASENOSKA, MBA Determinants of the Female Employment Rate in The European Union in Comparison With Non-Europaen Countries With a Special Look at The Republic Of Macedonia 337 Petrit POLLOZHANI and Bardhyl DAUTI Macroeconomic Challenges for Macedonia toward European Union and European Monetary Union Membership – Copenhagen and Maastricht Criteria 358 Kemal Can KILIC, Assistant Professor, PhD and Ceyda KELEŞ, Research Assistant The Business Challenges of Entrepreneurship in Transitional Economies 382 Hasan AKCA and Mesut ALBENI Turkey’s Benefits from EU Financial Assistance: Difficulties and Successes 411 Fatih ÇELEBİOĞLU (Ph.D) Hüseyin ALTAY (Ph.D) The Balkan Countries in the Process of European Integration: Is there a Convergence Process? 419 Prof. Dr. Güngör TURAN The Labor Market Impact of Albanian Emigration to the EU after Full Membership: A Survey of Theoretical and Empirical Literature 430 vii Ferdinand Gjana PhD USA and European Security and Defence Policy 451 viii Second International Conference on European Studies ICES’09 Ylber SELA, PhD and Halim Bajraktari, M.A South East European University, Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia European Perspective of Kosovo 1. Relations Kosovo-EU Kosovo's relations with the EU continued to intensify the darting steps, especially from June 1999, when Kosovo came under the supervision and administration of UNMIK, where the mission of the United Nations Interim in Kosovo was based on Resolution 1244 Security Council of the United Nations. As of this moment, the European Union has been an integral part of the effort to build new relations with Kosovo.1 The EU as a united terse as its motto is "united in diversity" has given a great contribution to institution building and support economic, political, and this reinforces the continuity is increasingly in the years ongoing. European Union, together with member states, especially triggered by the European Commission played a role in the construction and permanent development of Kosovo, and this fact becomes more bested that offer more constructive and help Kosovo.2 Over 2 billion euros in aid, are provided to assist the processes in Kosovo by the European Commission from 1999 until the declaration of independence, it initially focused on support actions for emergency assistance and reconstruction in Kosovo, after stabilization of the EU, Concentrate on encouraging the development of stable institutions