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Cjes-2019-0231Suppla.Pdf 1 Supporting Information 1. List of non-maniraptoriform neotheropods included in this study. Taxa Examined Specimens Photo credits Literature 1 Abelisaurus Yes MPCA 1, 5, 229, 267, comahuensis 687, 689, 709 2 Acrocanthosaurus Yes NCSM 14345; SMU Drew Eddy; atokensis 74646 Vince Schneider; Ricardo Araújo 3 Aerosteon Cast/photos MCNA-PV 3137; UC Martín Ezcurra; riocoloradensis unnumbered (cast) Rafael Delcourt 4 Afrovenator abakensis Yes UC UBA1 Oliver Rauhut 5 Albertosaurus Yes TMP 1981.10.01, sarcophagus 1983.36.100, 1985.98.01, 1999.50.40; DMNH 22019 6 Alioramus altai Yes MPC-D 100-1844; Mike Ellison Brusatte et al., 2012 7 Alioramus remotus No/photos PIN 3141/1 Mark Loewen 8 Allosaurus Yes DINO 11541; MOR Serjoscha Evers ‘jimmadseni’ 693 (Big Al 1); SMA 0005/02 (Big Al 2); NHFO 455 9 Allosaurus fragilis Yes AMNH 600, 851; Serjoscha Evers; BYU-VP 683-9466, Mattia Antonio 671-8901, 759-2028; Baiano; Stephen USNM 8335; UMNH Brusatte; Rafael VP 1251, 4029, 6475, Delcourt 6476, 6478, 6499, 6502, 9168, 9211, 9212, 9218, 9229, 9234, 9259, 9273, 9351, 9369, 16659, 20529, 20687; CMNH 1254, 11844, 21703; YPM 1894; DMNS 44397 10 Angaturama limai Cast/publi AMNH 30230 (cast); Kellner and USP GP/2T-5 Campos, 1996; Sales and Schultz, 2017 11 Appalachiosaurus No/photos RMM 6670 Mark Loewen Carr et al., 2005 montgomeriensis 12 Arcovenator escotae Yes MHNA- PV.2011.12.20, .187, .297 13 Aucasaurus garridoi Yes MCF-PVPH 236 Matthew Lamanna; Rafael Delcourt 14 Australovenator No/publi AODF 604 Hocknull et al., wintonensis 2009; White et al., 2 2015 15 Aviatyrannis jurassica Yes MG 27801 D90, D172 Zinke, 1998 16 Baryonyx walkeri Yes NHMUK R.9951; ML 1190 17 Berberosaurus Yes MNHN To 369 liassicus 18 Bicentenaria argentina Yes MPCA 865, 866 19 Carcharodontosaurus Yes MNN IGU2, 6-10 Juan Canale iguidensis 20 Carcharodontosaurus Yes MNN GAD8, IGU5; Rafael Delcourt; saharicus SGM Din-1; UC PV6 Juan Canale 21 Carnotaurus sastrei Yes MACN-CH 894 Rafael Delcourt 22 Ceratosaurus Yes USNM 4735; UMNH Matthew nasicornis VP 5278; BYU VP Carrano; Roger 12893 Benson; Serjoscha Evers; Oliver Rauhut 23 Chilesaurus No/publi SNGM-1935 Martín Ezcurra Novas et al., 2015 diegosuarezi 24 Coelophysis bauri Yes AMNH 7223, 7224, Martín Ezcurra Buckley and 7227, 7228, 7229, Currie 2014 7231; DMNS 30596, 32156, 39022; NMMNH p42200, p44551, p44555, p50529, p50530 25 Compsognathus Yes MNHN CNJ 79; BSPG Oliver Rauhut; longipes AS I563 Karin Peyer 26 Condorraptor No/photos MPEF-PV 1672 Martín Ezcurra; Rauhut, 2005 currumili Oliver Rauhut 27 Cryolophosaurus No/photos FMNH PR1821 Oliver Rauhut ellioti 28 Daspletosaurus Yes TMP 1994.143.01, torosus 1997.12.223; NHMUK R.4863; FMNH PR308 29 Dilong paradoxus Yes IVPP V11979, Xu et al., 2004 V14242, V14243 30 Dilophosaurus No/photos UCMP 37302, 37303, Martín Ezcurra; Welles, 1984 wetherilli 77270 Ralph Molnar 31 ‘Dilophosaurus’ Yes ZLJT-0057; ZLJT-01; Philip Currie Xing, 2012 sinensis KMV 8701; LDM- LCA 10 32 Dracoraptor hanigani No/photos NMW 2015.5G David Martill Martill et al., 2016 33 Dracovenator regenti Yes BP/1/5243 Adam Yates Yates, 2005 34 Dryptosaurus No/photos ANSP 9995 Stephen Brusatte Brusatte et al., aquilunguis 2011 35 Dubreuillosaurus Yes MNHN 1998-13 valesdunensis 36 Duriavenator hesperis Yes NHMUK R.332 37 Ekrixinatosaurus Yes MUCPv 294 Matthew novasi Lamanna; Rafael Delcourt 3 38 Eocarcharia dinops Yes MNN GAD7, GAD13, Juan Canale Pol and Rauhut, GAD14 2012 39 Eotyrannus lengi Yes MIWG 1997.550 Roger Benson 40 Erectopus superbus Yes MNHN 2001-4 41 Eustreptospondylus Yes OUMNH J.13558 oxoniensis 42 Fukuiraptor No/publi FPMN 96080810, Azuma and kitadaniensis 96081134, 97080208, Currie, 2000; 97081128, 97082330 + Currie and many others Azuma, 2006 43 Genyodectes serus Yes MLP 26-39 Rafael Delcourt 44 Giganotosaurus Yes MUCPv-CH-1; Rafael Delcourt carolinii MUCPv 95 45 Gorgosaurus libratus Yes TMP 1986.144.01, 1991.36.500, 1994.12.155; AMNH 5336, 5434, 5458, 5664; USMN 12814 46 Guanlong wucaii Yes IVPP V14531, V14532 47 Indosuchus raptorius Yes AMNH 1753, 1955, 1960 48 Irritator challenger Yes SMNS 58022 Ricardo Araújo 49 Juravenator starki Yes JME Sch 200 Oliver Rauhut Chiappe and Göhlich, 2010 50 Kryptops palaïos Yes MNN GAD1−1 51 Liliensternus Cast/photos MB.R.2175 Martín Ezcurra Cillari, 2010 liliensterni 52 Limusaurus Yes IVPP V20093, Josef Stiegler; Wang et al., inextricabilis V15301, V20100 Diego Pol; 2017a Oliver Rauhut 53 Lythronax argestes Yes UMNH VP 20200 54 Magnosaurus Yes OUMNH J.12143 nethercombensis 55 Majungasaurus Yes FMNH PR 114 2008, Fanti and crenatissimus 2100, 2278; UA 8716 Therrien, 2007; Smith, 2007 56 Mapusaurus roseae Yes MCF-PVPH 108 57 Marshosaurus Yes UMNH VP 6367, Oliver Rauhut; Madsen, 1976 bicentesimus 6368, 7820, 7824, Roger Benson; 7825; DMNS 3718 Mathew Carrano 58 Masiakasaurus Yes FMNH PR 2182, 2183, knopfleri 2201, 2221, 2453, 2471, 2476, 2696; UA 8680, 9091, 9128 59 Megalosaurus Yes OUMNH J.13505, bucklandii J.13506; NHMUK R.8303, R.8305 60 Megapnosaurus Yes USNM unnumbered Michael A. Raath, 1977 rhodesiensis Raath 61 Megaraptor Yes MUCPv 595 Porfiri et al., 2014 namunhuaiquii 62 Metriacanthosauridae Yes ZLJ 0115 Josef Stiegler indet. 4 63 Monolophosaurus Yes IVPP V84019 Oliver Rauhut; jiangi Roger Benson 64 Neovenator salerii Yes MIWG 6348; NHMUK Stephen Brusatte Brusatte et al., R.10001 2008 65 Noasaurus leali Yes PVL 4061 Rafael Delcourt 66 Orkoraptor burkei No/photos MPM-Pv 3457, 3458 Martín Ezcurra Novas et al., 2008 67 Ornitholestes Yes AMNH 619 Oliver Rauhut hermanni 68 Piatnitzkysaurus Yes PVL 4073; MACN-CH Martín Ezcurra floresi 895 69 Proceratosaurus Yes NHMUK R4860 Rauhut et al., bradleyi 2010 70 Rahiolisaurus No/photos ISIR 401 Fernando Novas Novas et al., 2010 gujaratensis 71 Raptorex kriegsteini Yes LH PV18 72 Rugops primus Yes MNN IGU1 73 Scipionyx samnicicus No/photos SBA-SA 163760 Cristiano Dal Dal Sasso and Sasso Maganuco, 2011 74 Sciurumimus No/photos BMMS BK 11 Oliver Rauhut; Rauhut et al., albersdoerferi Helmut 2012 Tischlinger 75 Shaochilong Yes IVPP V2885 maortuensis 76 Shidaisaurus jinae Yes ZLJ 0136-0138 Josef Stiegler Wu et al. 2009 77 Siamosaurus No/publi DMR-TF 2043 Buffetaut and suteethorni Ingavat, 1986; Bertin, 2010 78 ‘Sinopliosaurus’ Yes IVPP V4793 fusuiensis 79 Sinosauropteryx prima No/publi NIGP 127586, 127587 Currie and Chen, 2001 80 Sinosaurus triassicus Yes IVPP V34 81 Sinraptor dongi Yes IVPP V10600 Oliver Rauhut; Roger Benson 82 Skorpiovenator Yes MMCN-PV 48 Rafael Delcourt bustingorryi 83 Spinosaurus Yes MSNM V3976, V4047, Andrea Cau; aegyptiacus V6422, V6424, V6865, Simone V6896; NHMUK Maganuco R.16420, R.16421 84 Suchomimus Yes MNN GDF501, tenerensis GDF502, G2-2, G5-1, G6, G22-7, G26-5, G34-1, G34-7, G34-12, G35-9, G43-5, G54-4, G67-1, G67-8, G69-5, G73-3, G74-1, G100-4, G232 85 Suchosaurus Yes NHMUK R36536 cultridens 86 ‘Syntarsus’ No/photos MNA V2623 Randal Irmis; kayentakatae Viktor Radermacher 5 87 Tarbosaurus bataar Yes IVPP V4733, V79002, Stephen Brusatte Hurum and V79003; VZPAL Sabath, 2003 MgD−I/4 88 Teratophoneus curriei Yes BYU-VP 9398, 9402; UMNH VP 16690 89 Torvosaurus gurneyi Yes ML 1100, 148, 500, Hendrickx and 962, 1188 (embryo) Mateus, 2014b 90 Torvosaurus tanneri Yes BYU-VP 2003, 4882, 9122 12817 91 Tyrannosaurus rex Yes CMNH 9380; AMNH Rafael Delcourt Smith, 2005 5027; FMNH PR2081; NHMUK R.7994; TMP 1981.006.01; MOR 1125 92 Tyrannotitan No/photos MPEF-PV 1156 Martín Ezcurra; chubutensis Juan Canale; Rafael Delcourt 93 Wiehenvenator albati Cast/publi WMN P27475, 27504, Rauhut et al., 27461, 27462, 27466, 2016 27454, 27456, 27459, 27467, 27473, 27483; BSP unnumbered (cast) 94 Xiongguanlong No/photos FRDC-GS JB16-2-1 Peter J. Li et al., 2010 baimoensis Makovicky 95 Yangchuanosaurus Yes CV 00215, 00216 Xiao-chun Wu; Dong et al., 1983 shangyuensis Josef Stiegler 96 ‘Yangchuanosaurus’ Yes ZDM T0024 Xiao-chun Wu; Gao, 1992, 1999 hepingensis Josef Stiegler 97 Yutyrannus huali Cast/photos IVPP FV1960 (cast); Li Feng ELDM V1001 98 Zhuchengtyrannus Yes ZCDM V0031; IVPP Corwin Sullivan magnus FV 1794 (cast) 99 Zuolong sallei Yes IVPP V15912 Choiniere et al., 2010a 100 Zupaysaurus rougieri Yes PULR 076 Martín Ezcurra 2. Dentition-based Character List 1. Premaxillary teeth (Ordered; Modified from Russell and Dong (1993) #2): (0) present in the anterior and posterior portions of the premaxilla (1) absent in the posterior portion of the premaxilla (2) absent in the anterior portion of the premaxilla (3) absent in the whole premaxilla, toothless premaxilla 2. Highest number of premaxillary teeth (or alveoli) (Ordered; Modified from Harris (1998) #47; Sereno et al. (1998) #19): (0) 3 or less (1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 6 (4) 7 or more 3. Premaxillary alveoli, direction of main axis of elongation in palatal view (Unordered; Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) #3): (0) all alveoli mesio-distally oriented (1) mesial alveoli labio-lingually oriented, distal alveoli mesio-distally oriented (2) all alveoli labio-lingually oriented 4. Premaxillary alveoli, overlap of the first and second alveoli in palatal view (Ordered; Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) #4): (0) absent (1) present, partial (2) present, almost complete 5. Premaxillary alveoli, overlap of the second and third alveoli in palatal view (Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) #5): (0) absent (1) present 6. Premaxillary alveoli, overlap of the third and fourth alveoli in palatal view (Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) #6): (0) absent (1) present 7. Premaxillary teeth (or alveoli), size (Unordered; Modified from Holtz et al. (2004) #261): (0) all approximately equal in size (1) distal teeth (or alveoli) smaller than mesial teeth (or alveoli) (2) mesial teeth (or alveoli) smaller than distal teeth (or alveoli) 8. Mesial premaxillary teeth (or alveoli), size (Unordered; Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) #8): (0) significantly smaller than the first six mesial maxillary teeth (or alveoli) (1) subequal in size than the first six mesial maxillary teeth (or alveoli) (2) significantly larger than the first six mesial maxillary teeth (or alveoli) 9.
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