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Traveling actress and manager in the nineteenth century: The western career of Nellie Boyd, 1879-1888 Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Crestani, Eliana, 1966- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 13:41:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278588 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi'om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fi-om any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely a£fect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fi'om left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 TRAVELING ACTRESS AND MANAGER IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: THE WESTERN CAREER OF NELLIE BOYD, 1879-1888 by ElianaCrestani Copyright © ElianaCrestani A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OFTHEATRE ARTS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS WFTH A MAJOR IN THEATRE ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA I 997 UMI Number: 1384552 Copyright 1997 by Crest£uii, Elisuia All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1384552 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. AH rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial rulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special peermission. provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below; Jerry Dickcy Date Professor of Theatre Arts 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to the many people who have helped me with my research. Several institutions provided me with much needed financial aid. My study abroad was made possible by a Fulbright fellowship, a scholarship from the University of Padova (Italy), and a scholarship from the Rotary International. The Theatre Arts Department and the Graduate College at the University of Arizona accorded me fellowships and grants for the duration of my enrollment. A special thanks goes to my advisor. Jerry Dickey, for his patience and continuous support. Thanks also to Annette Kolodny for her precious advice, and to Rosemarie Bank. Charles Lauterbach, Sarah Blackstone, and Emily Kelly. I received precious collaboration and attention from the staff of the Fresno Historical Society, the Chicago Historical Society, the Henry Madden Library at the California State University, Fresno, California, and especially from Matthew Buff of the San Francisco Performing Arts Library' and Museum and from Richard H. Engeman at the Special Collections of the University of Washington Libraries. Last, but decidedly not least. I am grateful to my parents. Giannina and Bruno, for their unwearied support and encouragement. And a very special thank you to Jungham. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION I 2. THE ITINERARY I9 CHRONOLOGY 19 "DRAVIA [NTOVVN!"'mAVIlJNGTHEATRE.AND'nECOMVILMn' INTERACT 32 CIRCUITS 45 3. GENERAL BUSINESS ^ BOOKING 54 THETROIPE ADVERTISES 56 A LEDGER 65 4. THE COMPANY 74 THE NAMES, THE ROLES, THE ORGANIZATION 74 ENGAGEMENTS S3 5. THE REPERTOIRE 93 PLAYS. PIRAC Y, AND SETTINGS 93 THE IMAGE OF THE WOMAN 99 6. CRITICAL RECEPTION 120 THE TROL PE AND ITS AUDIENCE 120 NELLIE BOYD 129 7. CONCLUSION 143 REFERENCES I46 5 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS RGURE 1. The Nellie Boyd Dramatic Company's Itinerary 3 1 RGURE 2. Billposter for East Lynne 59 RGURE 3. BiUposter (or Article47 60 RGURE 4. Woodcut for The Two Orphans 61 RGURE 5, Performances program from the Tombstone Epitaph 62 RGURE 6. Playbill from the Seattle Daily P.1 63 RGURE 7, Nellie Boyd 110 RGURE 8. Nellie Boyd in her later years I 15 RGURE 9, Woodcut for Fanchon. the Cricket 135 RGURE 10. Scene from For^et-Me-Not 138 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. Ticket prices for Boyd's performances 68 f) ABSTRACT This study examines the activity of the Nellie Boyd Dramatic Company between 1879 and 1888. Actress-manager Nellie Boyd formed the company around 1876 and from 1879 onward she decided to pertorm exclusively in the western L'.S., pioneering several southwestern territories. This thesis discusses the Boyd company's impact on the life of particular western towns; the organization of the company, its repertoire and the possible significance of Boyd's choice of roles: and the critical reception accorded to Boyd and her company. The study of Boyd's career in the West offers insights into the significance of traveling companies on the cultural and social development of growing communities, 't illustrates the activity of independent traveling companies parallel to the rise of the combination managerial system. It also reveals the story of a woman leading a successt'ul show-business enterprise and enhancing her personal and professional reputation in the nineteenth-century western scene. 7 1. INTRODUCTION In 1903 the local amateur theatrical group of Fresno. Calitomia. gave a benefit pertormance at the prestigious Barton Opera House. In the role of a little girl the company boasted the renowned Nellie Boyd, at that time fifty-five years old. Boyd had chosen this peculiar role for what was to be her last appearance on the stage, the definitive farewell pertormance of one of the best-known traveling actresses in the West. Not that after this benefit soiree Boyd could just step off stage and leave. Local thespians and the Fresno high school theatrical group continued in the following years to require her direction and her assistance in the mounting of their productions. The actress always responded willingly, working with energy and merriment behind the curtain, since her fondness for the theatre dated back many years. Before becoming a resident of Fresno. Boyd had been the successful leading lady and manager of the Nellie Boyd Dramatic Company, with which she toured extensively the western United States between 1879 and 1888. The Boyd Company was one of the many theatrical troupes that began touring the United States in the 1870s. As resident stock companies were disappearing, a great number of performers chose to take to the road, either in combinations traveling with one established hit play, or as leading performers of their own troupes.' Some of these newly formed companies pushed their way into the farthest comers of the country, playing isolated and just-bom villages as well as better established cities. The Nellie Boyd Dramatic Company was among them. Put together by Boyd around 1876, for the first three years the troupe toured the midwestem states from Illinois to Nebraska, performing for the rest of its life only in the western part of the country. Together with vaudeville players, medicine showmen, and other performers featuring either legitimate or nonlegitimate drama, Boyd covered with her company the western states 8 from British Columbia to Mexico, pioneered the southwestern territories, played both small towns and large cities, and made a name for herself as a greatly versatile actress and a favorite all over the West.- Many traveling troupes in this period were led by enterprising women, who succeeded in becoming stars ot a regional weight. The popularity of leading ladies grew larger during the 1880s. as more and more actresses formed repertory companies, gave them their names, and took them on the road (Slout 18).' Probably one of the most acclaimed second-tier traveling stars in the West was Katie Putnam, leader of her own comedy company. Other very popular actresses-managers, beside Nellie Boyd, were Phosa McAllister. Margaret Fisher, and Jolly Delia Pringle. Of course, male actors also traveled with their own companies. Eddie Foy. Robert McWade. Frederick Warde. William Horace Lingard, and many more led their troupes throughout the country. Some leading actors and actresses were supported by the fame they had acquired on eastern boards, but many more of them earned a popularity in western regions and maintained it there. Like the Boyd company, independent dramatic troupes touring in the last quarter of the nineteenth century worked in a transitional time, which saw the decline of the stock company and the rising of the combination.
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