History of the Genes
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Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection l 9077 03749019 3 \ X ^4ji>/ & >- h >r ^-ic Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection <*v HH Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection HISTORY OF THE GENESEE COUNTRY (Western New York) Comprising the counties of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Ontario, Orleans, Schuyler, Steuben, Wayne, Wyoming and Yates. EDITED BY LOCKWOOD R. DOTY VOLUME I ILLUSTRATED 1925 The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company Chicago Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection FOREWORD The region historically known as the Genesee Country is, broadly interpreted, co-extensive with Western New York, whose eastern boundaries may be fairly, if somewhat arbitrarily, drawn at Seneca Lake, and whose northern, western and southern borders are the outlines of the State. Within this domain lie the counties of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Ontario, Orleans, Schuyler, Steu ben, Wayne, Wyoming and Yates, having an area of more than eleven thousand square miles and a population in the year 1920 of about one million six hundred and seventy-five thousand. In extent this district embraces nearly one-quarter of the State and one-sixth of its population. It is identical with the territory com prising the original Phelps and Gorham Purchase, and here abode the Senecas, the most populous and warlike of the nations of the Iroquois League—the keepers of the Western Door of the Long House. It is an empire within itself, including fifteen counties; two hundred and eighty-one towns; one hundred and thirty-four incorporated villages, and fourteen cities, of which Buffalo and Rochester are the largest of the State outside of the Metropolitan district. The annals of the Genesee Country are of surpassing interest and importance. Rich in legend; a narrative of constant and exciting activity in the period of aboriginal occupation; of event ful years of pioneer life while hardy, courageous and forceful # men were helping to build a nation, and a story of accomplish-' ment down to the present day that has given to this country an extraordinary distinction. These records have been preserved only piecemeal in local histories; the limitations of space in histories of the whole State have not permitted an adequate account of the Genesee Country and its people, and these volumes are presented in the belief that the time has come when their history should be written. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE GENESEE COUNTRY 15 BY HERMAN LEROY FAIRCHILD. University of Rochester. CHAPTER II. ANCIENT LAND OF THE GENESEE 111 BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER, M. S. CHAPTER III. THE FIELD OF ARCHEOLOGY IN THE GENESEE COUNTRY 121 BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER, M. S. CHAPTER IV. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS 145 BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER, M. S. CHAPTER V. THE RISE OF THE SENECA NATION, 1535 TO 1699 167 BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER, M. S. CHAPTER VI. THE SENECAS IN THEIR OWN HOME LAND 191 BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER, M. S. CHAPTER VII. A CENTURY OF PERPLEXITY, 1700-1800 223 BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER, M. S. CHAPTER VIII. THE WHITE MAN TAKES POSSESSION, 1783-1842 261 BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER, M. S. Vll Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection CHAPTER IX. INDIAN PLACE NAMES OF THE GENESEE COUNTRY 285 BY ARTHUR C. PARKER, F. A. E. S., Member N. Y. State Board of Geographic Names. CHAPTER X. THE SULLIVAN EXPEDITION OF 1779 317 BY ARTHUR WOODWARD BOOTH. CHAPTER XL THE GENESEE COUNTRY 339 BY CHARLES F. MILLIKEN. CHAPTER XII. THE PHELPS AND GORHAM PURCHASE 351 BY CHARLES F. MILLIKEN. CHAPTER XIII. THE HOLLAND PURCHASE 389 BY CHARLES F. MILLIKEN. CHAPTER XIV. THE BIG TREE TREATY 405 CHAPTER XV. THREE REMARKABLE WOMEN 433 BY CHARLES F. MILLIKEN. XVI. THE WAR OF 1812 455 BY ARTHUR C. PARKER. Vlll Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection CHAPTER XVII. THE WAR OF 1812. (Continued.) 499 BY ARTHUR C. PARKER. CHAPTER XVIII. THE COUNTY OF ONTARIO 537 CHAPTER XIX. THE COUNTY OF MONROE 617 CHAPTER XX. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: THE PIONEER ERA 663 CHAPTER XXI. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: JUDICIARY AND BAR 701 CHAPTER XXII. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: EDUCATION 715 CHAPTER XXIII. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: MILITARY 741 CHAPTER XXIV THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: CHURCHES 763 CHAPTER XXV. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: CIVIC DEVELOPMENT 805 CHAPTER XXVI. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: BANKS 825 ix Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection CHAPTER XXVII. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: THE PRESS 837 CHAPTER XXVIII. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY 847 CHAPTER XXIX. THE CITY OF ROCHESTER: MEDICAL PROFESSION 855 CHAPTER XXX. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: INDIANS AND EARLY SETTLEMENTTLEMENT 861 CHAPTER XXXI. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: ORGANIZATION AND MISCELLANEOUELLANEOUS 887 CHAPTER XXXII. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: _897 CHAPTER XXXIII. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: EDUCATION .947 CHAPTER XXXIV. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: RELIGION 951 CHAPTER XXXV. LIVINGSTON COUNTY:: TRANSPORTATION .969 CHAPTER XXXVI. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: EARLY COURTS AND LAWYERS 973 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection CHAPTER XXXVII. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: MEDICAL 983 CHAPTER XXXVIII. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: INDUSTRIES 989 CHAPTER XXXIX. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: BANKS 997 CHAPTER XL. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: NEWSPAPERS 1003 CHAPTER XLI. LIVINGSTON COUNTY: MILITARY 1015 CHAPTER XLII. THE COUNTY OF ALLEGANY 1033 CHAPTER XLIII. OIL AND GAS IN THE GENESEE COUNTRY 1059 BY LEWIS H. THORNTON, President of New York State Oil Producers Association. CHAPTER XLIV. THE COUNTY OF GENESEE 1111 CHAPTER XLV. THE COUNTY OF NIAGARA 1147 CHAPTER XLVI. THE COUNTY OF CATTARAUGUS 1191 XI Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection CHAPTER XLVII. THE COUNTY OF WYOMING 1207 CHAPTER XLVIII. THE COUNTY OF STEUBEN 1223 CHAPTER XLIX. INDIAN MYTHS AND LEGENDS WITH AN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE OF STEU BEN COUNTY 1241 BY REUBEN B. OLDFIELD. CHAPTER L. THE COUNTY OF WAYNE 1311 CHAPTER LI. THE COUNTY OF ORLEANS 1341 CHAPTER LII. THE COUNTY OF SCHUYLER 1359 CHAPTER LIII. THE COUNTY OF CHAUTAUQUA 1367 CHAPTER LIV. THE COUNTY OF ERIE: CITY OF BUFFALO 1409 CHAPTER LV. THE COUNTY OF YATES 1417 CHAPTER LVI. THE COUNTY OF CHEMUNG 1421 Jdi Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection SURFACE OR AREAL, GEOGRAPHY OF WESTERN NEW YORK (Plate 1). Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection THE GENESEE COUNTRY CHAPTER I. GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE GENESEE COUNTRY. BY HERMAN LEROY FAIRCHILD University of Rochester. Western New York has been aptly called the Garden of the World. Its beauty and fertility justify the appellation. In rich ness of soil and variety and abundance of earth products; in favorable climatic conditions; in diversity of physical features and scenic beauty; and in the character of its people with their institutions and industries, the area may rightly claim superior ity. And the district of the Genesee is the choicest part, the fruit and flower corner of that garden. For these material excellencies the Genesee region has long been famous, but the unusual scientific features have not been fully recognized. In several geologic and physiographic char acters central and western New York may challenge the world. The series of twenty parallel valleys, holding twelve beautiful lakes, is unequaled and the story of their making is a drama in the geologic history. The display of oval, ice-built hills between Rochester and Syracuse is the finest group of drumlins in the world. The Genesee Valley has the most varied and complicated drainage history of any river basin. The display of rock strata in the canyons of the Genesee and Niagara rivers is unsurpassed for clearness and perfection of the geologic record, and is classic in geologic literature. In its northward course, entirely across New York, with its three splendid canyons and six cataracts, the Genesee River is unique. All the physical features of the Genesee region are the effects of geologic processes. Its soil fertility and agricultural advan tages; its mineral deposits; its surface relief of valley, plain and mountain; its lakes and rivers and cataracts; and its singular scenic charm are all the product of nature's forces working cease- 15 Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection 16 HISTORY OF THE GENESEE COUNTRY lessly through many millions of years. The story of that activity is the geologic history. Through immeasurable later time the rivers have carved their valleys in the solid rocks, with the aid of rain and frost and the chemical action of the atmosphere. But the rocks were formed in an earlier era of vast duration, having been deposited in ancient seas which covered the wide spaces of what is now western New York. The waves and tides of those ancient waters spread out the sediments of sand and clay and lime in horizontal layers which are now consolidated into the hard rocks. Subterranean forces have subsequently lifted the marine rock-strata out of the sea, and high in the air, to an alti tude over 2,000 feet. Our story, therefore, divides naturally into two great eras, first, the immensely long time of submergence in the shallow inland (epicontinental) seas, and second, the long era of uplift and of exposure to the destructive forces of the atmosphere. OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY. The geologic story of the Genesee region can not be told in simplicity for easy reading. The history is involved in that of the larger territory of eastern America, and in some difficult geologic problems. Dealing with vast lengths of time and with conditions very unlike the present, a demand is made on the con structive or scientific imagination of the reader, requiring an appreciation of conditions and events far beyond the range in experience and in study of most readers of these lines.