520 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. SEPTEMBER,1914

1 I- '. d/(*je/,), i ., ! SECTION 1-AEROLOGY.

SOUR RADIATION INTENSITIES AT MOUNT WEATHER, TABLE1.402at radiation intSnSitk.9 at Mount Weak, Va., during VA.,DURWGJULY,AUGUST, AND SEPTE-ER, 1014. July, August, and Scptemhtr, 1914. By HERBERTH. KIMBALL,Profeesor of Meteorology. [Qrsm-calories per minute per square centimeter of normal surface.] (Dated Washington. D. C., Oct. 30.1914.1 Air masses. Date. ------In Table 1 are summarized the solar radiation measure- 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.5 6.0 ments made at Mount Weather, Va., with a Marvin ------heliometer during July, Auaust, and September, 1914. 1914. Or.- Or.- Or.- Or.- Gr.- Or.- Or.- Or.. Or.- Or.- Or.- details rolativo to the stan&rdization of !he pyrhelio- A. Y. tal. tal. cal. Cal. Cal. cal. Cal. mz. tal. eal. &. July 3...... 1. ?5 1.10 0.97 0. s9 0.52 0.74 ._...... meter, the number and frequency of radiation measure 11 ...... 1.27 1.07 0.86 ._.-0.59 0.48 ...... 12...... 0.69 0. E3 0.58 0.53 ...... menta, and the method of interpolating readings to the 18...... 1.28 ...... air masses given in the headin of the table the reader is 19...... 1.4a ...... _.I ...... 20 ...... 1.27 ...... 0.95 0.91 0.79 0. i5 0. 70 0.65 0.61 ...... referred to pages 138 and 310 o!? the current volume of tbis 21 ...... 1.1 1.14 0.99 0. .% 0. 76 0.69 0.03 0.57 ...... 22 ...... 1.28 1.22 1.14 1.04 0.94 D. 87 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.G8 0.65 REVIEW. 27 ...... 1.30 1.14 0.9s 0. is 0.68 ...... Both the maximum and tho mean radiation intunsities 29 ...... 1.40 1.30 1.21 1.18 1.06 0. 99 0.93 0.85 0.85 0.80 0.76 30...... 1.34 1.24 1.15 1.07 0.98 0.91 0.86 0.83 0.77 0.72 0.65 measured in July and August, 1914, exceed those for the 31...... 1.34 1.11 0.96 0.54 0.75 ..... 0.59 ...... corresponding months in 1912 and 1913 and equal those Means...... 1.32 1.18 1.04 0.95 0.83 D. 78 0.74 0.71 0.70 0.73 0.W for these months in yeais previous to 1912. The average P. Y. intensities for September, 1914, exceed those for any pre- July 20 ...... 1.05 0.98 0.86 0. 77 0.50 ...... 21...... 1.00 0. B ...... vious September, and the measurements on the 23th were 31...... 1.18 .._...... :: .... the highest ever obtained at Mount Weather...... I Yesns...... 1.0s 0.90; 0. SB' yo. i7 0. 70) ...... -...... From Table 10, page 453, of the current volume of this ------i --- A. Y. REVIEWit is seen that the maximum dad radiation for Aug. 3 ...... 1.10 0.w ...... __...... the third decade in September, 1914, whic was recorded 7 ...... 1.07 0. 85 0. Ga 0:si 0.52 0.44 ...... i 8 ...... 1.01 ...... _...... _...... on the 28th, amounted to 535 crrlories er square centi- 14...... _-.0.51 0.75 0.68 ...... surface. e 16...... 1.10 1.01 0.91 0.81 0.71 0.03 0.57 ...... meter of horizontal This is t 1 greatest daily 17 ...... 1.28 ...... 0.83 0. 56 _._...... _...... amount ever recorded at Mount Weather during tho third aa ...... 0. ffi 0.84 0.73 0.65 0.01 0.54 0.49 0.44 0.40 0.37 21...... 0.78 0.68 0.59 0.53 0.47 0.52 ...... decade of September. Also, during the hour endin 22 ...... 1.30 1.17 1.10 1.02 Q.95 0. ss 0.80 0.74 0.70 0.66 e...... 1.01 0.85 0.75 0.67 0. G3 ...., ...... p. m. of the 38th the total radiation was 75.1 caories,Ptl !a...... 0.89 ...... which is likcwiso a maximum rate for this decade. Of 30...... 0. i9 0.75 0.G9 0.62 ...... this amount about 5 caloiies, or old 7 per cent, was re- 31 ...... 1.25 1.1s 1.04 0.94 0.86 0. i9 0.73 0.65 0.59 0.54 ...... ceived diffusely from tho sky, rr resuT t that is comparable Means ...... 1.15 1. 07 0.91 0.82 0. 75 0. Gs 0.67 0.61 0.62 0.56 (0.52) with Abbot's measuseme.nts on Mount Wilson. (See P. Y. Aug. 0 ...... 0.79 0.68 0.59 0.49 0.41 0.33 ,...... Table 12, page 486, in the current volume of this RE- 13 ...... 1.40 ...... -...... __...... VIEW. 19...... 1.04 ...... In July and August, 1914, the skylight polarization, Means...... (1.40 (0.92; 0.68' '0.59 :o. 49 0.41; 0.33: .._...... - - - -L ------__- with the sun at zsiiith distance 60°, measured at a point A. n. 90° sept. 4 ...... 1.22 1.11 1.00 0.91 0.84 0.79 0. 74 0.m 0.fd 0.59 from tho sun and in tho same vertical circle, was be- 5...... 1.32 1.23 1.15 1.0; 1.00 0.93 0.88 0.S 0.58 0.72 low the average for these mouths, but higher than in the 7 ...... 1.27 1.14 .... ,..-- ...... _. ._...... g...... 1.33 1.20 1.07 ...... _...... corresponding months of 1912 and 1913. In September 10 ...... 1.45 1.42 1.31 1.21 1.11 1.04 0.99 0. 95 0.91 0.8G 0.81 13...... 1.14 1.06 0.99 0.93 0.8 0.83 0.79 0.56 it was above the average, and on the 28th measured 72 14...... _..1.14 1.0s 1.03 0.88 0. a, 0.80 0.81 0.57 per cent before noon and 73 per cent after noon. These 18...... 1.30 1.21 ...... _...... 21...... 0.96 0.82 0.74 0.68 0.62 ...... are the hi hest polarization measurements ever obtained 22...... 1.11 0.98 0. 85 0.74 0.65 0.60 0.53 ...... e...... 1.06 0.95 0.83 0. :a 0.62 0.52 0.44 0.42 ...... at Mount k eather in September, and they have, only been aa ...... 1.31 1. I 1.14 1.05 1.00 0.94 0.89 0.F ...... exceeded by measurements made in Octobes, 1911. 27...... 1.3'1 1.29 1.18 1.09 1.02 0.95 0. ai 0.S1 0.16 ...... 28 ...... 1.48 1.40 1.32 1. I 1.20 1.15 1.09 1.04 1.00 0.96 At the end of Septcmbos, 1914, solar radiiition mens- 29...... 1.25 1.17 1.07 1.00 0.94 0.89 0.83 0.77 0.71 0.67 uremeiits were discontiiiued st Mount Weather. Most of 30...... _._1.05 0.93 0.82 0. i3 .__...... the radiation apparatus has since been installed at the Means ...... (1.30 1.28 1.17 1.07 0.98 0.91 0.86 0. s3 0.80 0.80 0.i5 American IJniversity, Washington, D. C., where solar ra- P. Y. ~ept.a ...... 1.17 0.98 0. 87 0.81 0.75 ...... diation investigations will be coiiductcd by the Weather 9...... _...... 0.85 0.77 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.57 Bureau in co8peration with the university. 10...... 1.42 1.31 ...... _._...... 14...... 1.24 1.13 1.03 0.94 0. Scj 0. so 0.75 0.69 0.G 15...... 1.41 1.29 1.21 1.12 1.02 0. SI 0. I 0.p 0.50 ...... 10...... 1.22 1.13 1.06 1.00 0.93 0.85 0.18 ...... 22...... 1.11 .... ._.-...... a6...... 1.33 1.24 1.13 1.05 0.97 0.90 0.85 0.83 ...... n ...... 1.22 .... 0.79 ...... a8...... 1.40 1.35 1.26 1.18 1.11 i.-G 1.00 0.94 0.89 0.80 !a...... 1.31 1.23 1.15 1.05 0.94 .._...... XmM...... 1.24 1.23 1.13 1.01 0.95 0.91 0.85 0.80 0.74 0.69 __ -- __._ -. __ - ..... - ... ..

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