Vol. 9—No. 1 NOVEMBER, 1914 Whole No. 49)
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR <^p^? TEN CENTS A C OPY "Out of the House of Bondage" The latest and greatest book from the pen of PROFESSOR KELLY MILLER
"No man of his race has so sure a power of prunning falacies with passionless intellectual severity."—Boston Transcript. "The man searches deeply into underlying causes."—St. Joseph, Mo., News-Press. "A philosophic treatise."—Charlotte, N. C, Observer. "No student of social conditions of America at the present time will want to fail to see it on his shelves."—Southern Workman. E. -1 $ ^ • 5 242 Pages. Price $1.50.
Agents Wanted Everywhere V „ 1
Address: Prof. KELLY MILLER, Howard University Washington, D. C.
A Life of Norris Wright Cuney By MAUD CUNEY HARE (His Daughter)
Would you like to read about a red-blooded man who was one of the great leaders of Negro Americans? Would you like to inspire your children with the life of this "Tribune of the Black People"?
250 pages. Postpaid, $1.50. Best terms to agents.
THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue New York City THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager
Contents Copyrighted, 1914, by the National Association (or the Advancement of Colored People
Contents for November, 1914
PICTURES
COVER PICTURE, "November." Photograph from life. By L. M. Miner. COLORED Y. M. C. A. BUILDINGS 14, 32, 35 "OUT OF AFRICA HAVE I CALLED MY SON" 26, 27 FOUR COLORED DONORS TO Y. M. C. A. BUILDING FUNDS 34
ARTICLES WHERE DOES YOUR CONGRESSMAN STAND? 22 THE BURDEN OF BLACK WOMEN. A Poem 31 THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. By C. H. Tobias 33 THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE. A Story by Nicholas Vachel Lindsey 36 TWO BOOKS 42
DEPARTMENTS ALONG THE COLOR LINE 7 MEN OF THE MONTH 12 OPINION 15 EDITORIAL 28 THE BURDEN 45
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MOREHOUSE COLLEGE Atlanta University (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA. School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity School manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years ment—the only institution in the far South of successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro Students come from all parts of the South. young men. Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A., President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features. ATLANTA, GA. For information address JOHN HOPE, President
Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ An Episcopal boarding and day school for ment. A Splendid Intellectual Atmos girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St. Mary. Address. phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Work. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE Offers full courses in the following departments: College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa. Industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain age. Expenses very reasonable. AVOID BAD SCHOOLS Opportunity for self-help. Fall Term Began September, 1914. Educate your children at home under our expert teachers For information address [Courses for Adults President R. W. McGRANAHAN I Pupils received at any time. Write to KNOXVILLE, TENN. Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C. Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.
THE GENERAL The Agricultural and HOSPITAL Mechanical College SCHOOL FOR NURSES Colored Department Moral atmosphere and home in Maintained by the govern fluences. Thoroughly modern training. Eight hour duty. Prac ments of North Carolina and tical experience under Profes sional guidance. Laboratory, of the United States. Open Surgical, Obstetrical, Medical and Contagious cases. Scientific all the year round. For instruction in Dietetics. Special private nursing. Graduates eligi males only. Fall term be ble to State Registration and National Red Cross Nursing gan September I, 1914. Service. Address, Board, lodging and tuition, MISS HARRIET LECK, Principal. KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. $7 per month. Best oppor tunities for Negro youth. SPECIAL OFFER Night school for indigent A year's subscription will be given free but ambitious young men. to anyone sending in at one time five For catalog or further infor paid-up yearly subscriptions to THE CRISIS. This offer holds good until mation, address mid-night, December 31, 1914. PRESIDENT DUDLEY THE CRISIS A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C. One Dollar A Year 70 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK
Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 5
The National Religious Training School
"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift." —REV. DR. CHARLES H. PARKHURST, New York City.
IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us.
For catalog and detailed information address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD National Religious Training School Durham, N. C. The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?
The Cheyney Training School for Teachers CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA
Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located, healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and practice. This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers, carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art, manual crafts and agriculture. For teachers of experience and intending teachers it offers also a six weeks' summer-school course during the months of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to
LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal
Vtantion THE CRISIS 6 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS THE XMAS CRISIS TONE-PLACING AND VOICE- DEVELOPMENT FIRST: a cover in two colors with Points explained, viz,: Breath in one of the MOST BEAU Singing, Trying the Voice, the Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the TIFUL, if not the most Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High beautiful of the beautiful Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the CRISIS covers: Mouth, the Tongue, Position when Practising, Position when Singing, "ANNUNCIATION," a How to Practice, Good Rules for Singing. life study by Battey, the tal Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor ented artist in photography. isters, the celebrated choral society which received the first prize awarded at the International Singing Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912: SECOND: a remarkable ARTICLE on "Dear Mr. Tinsley: the scientific meaning of "I take great pleasure in commending your very useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing racial differences by one of and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of the greatest living authori the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a ties, DR. JACQUES LOEB, simple system. Cordially yours, of the Rockefeller Institute. "Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P., Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago." From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical THIRD: a CHRISTMAS STORY, little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' of course. by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal exercises, and should be in the hands of all vocal students." From "Music News," Chicago, Ill.: "Accordingly his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise and practical little manual, containing many valuable vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all THE CRISIS CALENDAR ambitious vocal students." HELPED HIM GREATLY At last we have a calendar worthy of "Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing The CRISIS and of the Negro race. and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant than it has been for years. It seems to me that I It has QUOTATIONS from Negro am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th authors for each WEEK in* the year, St., N. W., Washington, D. C. selected by B. G. BRAWLEY, the fore PRICE $1.00 most of our younger literary men. Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel Ave., Chicago, Ill.; or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash It has an HISTORIC EVENT of in Ave., Chicago, Ill. terest to colored Americans for each day in the year, selected by L. M. HER- A XMAS GIFT ? SHAW, the well-known publicist. What better Xmas gift to your friend than a year's subscription to the CRISIS ? It has 12 leaves, is printed in two col We have neat and attractive Xmas cards to ors on fine paper, 11 by 8 1/2inches , and announce such a gift which we shall be glad to sells for only 25 cents. READY DE send for the asking. CEMBER FIRST. THE CRISIS This information is worth passing on One Dollar Per Year 70 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK to your friends.
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Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS
Vol. 9 -No. 1 NOVEMBER, 1914 Whole No. 49
ALONG THE COLOR LINE
MUSIC AND ART
stood his ground calmly and directed them ^ The Jeanes' Fund co-operated last year to safety. with 118 county school superintendents in •I Mr. Charles Burroughs announces a re 12 states. The supervising teachers visited cital of poetry and verse of contemporary 2,853 schools and raised $65,413. American and British authors at the Berke <| A new public school for colored children, ley Theatre, New York City, on November valued at $100,000, was opened in Savannah, 6th. The program will include examples of Ga., on October 1. the work of Robert Service, Henry Van Dyke, Alfred Noyes, Madison Cawein, and (J John Henry Lewis received the M. A. de others. gree at the summer convocation of Chicago University. Mr. Lewis graduated from Yale <| Miss May Miller, the fifteen-year-old in the spring. daughter of Prof. Kelly Miller of Howard University, won first prize for the best es Baltimore estimates week of September 13. Edward H. Morris that the colored people of that city own was re-elected Grand Master. The parade, property worth between seven and ten mil which was the largest of its kind ever given lions. by colored people in Boston, was partici C| The Pioneer Building and Loan Associa pated in by 6,000 men, the majority of tion of Philadelphia has increased its in whom were in uniform, vestment assets in the last ten years from tj The colored Baptists of Iowa and Nebras $27,563 to $71,805. ka held their annual convention in Septem by the English. They say that in the Union at a colored church in Hanover, Va., but his of South Africa 1,250,000 whites own 264,- congregation objected and he gave up the 000,000 acres of land, while the 4,500,000 appointment. natives have only 21,000,000 acres. q A Negro Morals Commission of Minne 72S&72 MEN or THE MONTH A COLLEGE PRESIDENT was president of the State Teachers' Asso ciation. THE promotion of Professor John M. Perhaps Professor Gandy is most widely Gandy to the presidency of Virginia known for his work as executive secretary Normal and Industrial Institute is a merited of the Negro Organization Society of Vir distinction and marks the inevitable rise of ginia. Working with the president of this the hard student and energetic worker. organization, Major R. R. Moton of Hamp President Gandy began his education in his ton Institute, he has for two years been the native state, Mississippi, and later spent two most effective force in the state, among years in the preparatory school at Oberlin Negroes, for creating' and promoting a gen College. He received the degree of Bachelor eral interest in education, for improving of Arts from Fisk University in 1898, and health conditions through education, for se through further study won the degree of curing co-operation among farmers, and for Master of Arts from the same institution in waging a campaign for better homes and 1901. He studied in the Columbia Univer better morals. This work carried him into sity Summer School in 1905 and did seven every section of the state and served largely years of home study work in philosophy and to qualify him for his new responsibilities. education under the direction of the Illinois President Gaudy's broad formal prepara- Wesleyan University. Becoming a teacher in the state school of Virginia when college courses were offered he was for three years Professor of Latin and Greek, and when the collegiate depart ment was eliminated became Professor of Education, in which capacity he served three years. During the entire period of his con nection with the school Professor Gandy has been active in every phase of educational work in the state and he is personally known to a larger number of Virginia citizens than is any other man connected with the school. For some years and until recently he was instructor in two Summer Normal Schools of the state; he organized the teachers of his own county into a Teachers' Association and was the first president of the organization; he was influential in organizing the educa tional forces in several counties and in se curing industrial supervisors; he has been interested in the organization of Farmers' Conferences and was the founder of the Conference in Chesterfield County; he has kept active the intellectual life among his fellow teachers at the State Normal School through a Teachers' Reading Circle in which he was the moving spirit; for two years he PR3SIDENT J. M. GANDY MEN OF THE MONTH 13 DR. M. B. LUCAS SERGEANT WILLIAM PAYNE tion, extensive experience, full knowledge of awarded the Perry prize in pediatrics. She educational conditions and needs in Virginia, is the wife of M. Grant Lucas, Principal of remarkable constructive ability, and large the Bruce School, Washington. Their only following among all classes of people of the son, Frank V. Lucas, has been promoted to state combine to make his selection to till the the third-year class of the M Street High place to which he has been called a happy School. one. THREE CAPTAINS OF VOLUNTEERS A WOMAN PHYSICIAN On May 25, 1914, a Board of Examiners. consisting of five United States Army MRS. MARIE B. LUCAS, M.D., from Officers met at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, the Howard University Medical Col and examined four soldiers of the 10th lege, class 1914, has been announced by the United States Cavalry for the office of Cap District of Columbia Board of Medical Ex tain of United States Volunteers. aminers as having passed with credit the ex The examination extended over a period amination held by them last month for li of thirteen days, consisting of arithmetic, cense to practice medicine in the District. geography, grammar, history, army regula There is probably no graduate of this year's tions, guard manual, Held service regula classes of Howard in whom the people of tions, topography, military law, interna Washington are more deeply or more lov tional law, infantry drill regulations, cavalry ingly interested than in this rare example of drill regulations, hippology, manual of true and courageous womanhood. court-martial, military appearance and bear Dr. Lucas was formerly a Washington ing, and general fitness for the position of public school teacher. She has the distinc Captain of Volunteers. All of the candi tion of being the only woman to graduate dates passed good examinations, making a from the Medical Department this year. general average above 80 per cent. The Her record during the four years' course was names of the candidates are as follows: among the highest; and last year she was Sergeant Major E. P. Frierson and Com- 14 THE CRISIS SERGEANT E. P. FRIERSON SERGEANT W. W. THOMPSON missary Sergeant W. W. Thompson, of the 10th U. S. Cavalry; Quartermaster Sergeant William Payne, Quartermaster Corps, and Ordinance Sergeant Stephen T. Bandy, U. S. Army. All of these except the last one were colored. Sergeant Major Frierson is a veteran of the 10th Cavalry, having been in the service over twenty-two years and enjoys the highest confidence of his superior officers as a non commissioned officer. He is capable, trust worthy, neat, competent and has a thorough knowledge of administrative functions of a regiment. COLORED Y. M. C A., COLUMBUS, GA. THE PHILADELPHIA COLORED Y M C A (SEE PAGE 33) COST $110,000 (SEE PAGE 33) ' ' ' OPINION THE WORLD WAR of the Japanese as "yellow-bellies." It is „ . The Northern Budget of too late to draw the color line in war. That THE COLOR LINE line was erased more than fifty years ago Troy, N. Y., says: by Abraham Lincoln in that noble letter to " 'Colored Help Wanted.' It is not too the Springfield Convention : 'And there will much to say that the various warring nations be some black men who can remember that, of Europe have hung out this sign. All the with silent tongue and clenched teeth and principal nations engaged in the war have steady eye and well-poised bayonet, they foreign colonies, and it is not to be won have helped mankind on to this great con dered at that the suggestion was made at summation.' " home that it would be well to save as many The Aga Kahn spiritual head of many native subjects as possible and to put into million East Indians declares as a reason for the war such of the colonists as were avail the Indians lack of sympathy with Ger able." many : This has brought the inevitable color pre "Many of my fellow-countrymen have judice to the fore. The German Ambassa been in Africa and seen the German admin dor has announced to the United States that istration in the east and southwest African he is "unconditionally opposed" to the use colonies. They know what the Germaniza- of colored troops. The New York World tion of India would mean, and they know, replies: too, that if England were driven out of "This is a curious prejudice on the part India, Germany, should she be successful in of the diplomatic representative of a Gov this war, would step in." ernment that is seeking to bring Turkey into Perhaps the most cutting criticism of the the conflict and trying to persuade the Turk American attitude came from the Turkish to instigate a 'holy war' in Egypt and India Ambassador in defending his country from against all non-Mohammedans. the charges of cruelty and barbarism. He "When Germany went to war with the said: British Empire she must have expected to "Since a large number of American pap fight the British Empire, and not merely a ers are siding with Great Britain and France selected part of the population the color of in this affair, I will permit myself to say whose skin happened to meet the approval that the thought of the lynchings which oc of Berlin. cur daily in the United States and the mem "It is natural enough that Great Britain ory of the 'water cures' in the Philippines should bring up her Indian troops, who, by should make them chary of attacking Turkey the way, are as completely identified with in connection with acts of savagery commit the Aryan race as the Prussians. But no ted by her under provocation, compared matter what their race may be, they are part with which the economic competition of an of the empire and part of Great Britain's Italian, or the sniping of a Filipino, or even regular military power. the outrage of a Negro are as nothing." "If Germany were at war with the United This statement has annoyed both the Pre States her troops would have to meet our sident and Mr. Hearst's Chicago Examinar. Negro cavalry, than whom there are no bet The latter says: ter soldiers in uniform. "That Rustem Bey, the Turkish Ambas "German denunciation of the Indian sador, should abandon Washington after troops is as futile as German denunciation likening our occasional lynchings to the 16 THE CRISIS reign of terror in the Turkish Balkans is a from Jim-Crow cars, disfranchisement, fortunate ending to that incident." lynching and segregation, especially under But the Independent acknowledges our the fedaral government at the federal cap guilt: ital, now, rather than await some awful war "That this is a barbarous country, in spots here.' " is undeniable when we learn that in 1913 as Even the New Orleans Item is getting a many as 79 colored men and women were bit peeved and says: killed by mobs, lynched without trial. The "Several recent lynchings in Mississippi crimes charged against them were various, and Louisiana give evidences of a savagery some serious, others trivial. Some of the beyond excuse." victims were doubtless innocent. The figures The Des Moines (la.) Register and Leader prove a shocking degree of barbarism to publishes a letter in which the writer says: exist with us; and the only relief we find is "Andersonville was simply a demonstra that there is a pretty steady decrease in the tion of the fiendishness that existed in all of number. In 1892 there were 155 lynched, that part of the country known as 'the and 154 the next year. At this rate of de south,' and engendered by three centuries of crease we may be quite civilized 20 years the institution of slavery, and which exists from now. There have been only 22 lynch- to-day in somewhat less degree. But a few ings in the first six months of the present months since the writer had occasion to take year." a seventeen-mile ride in a 'mail hack' in And the Boston 'Traveler and Evening 'border state,' in a county where no Negro Herald adds: is allowed to 'alight.' In course of the ride "Here is a record of atrocities for which there was a discussion of the Negro question, we venture to say no parallel can be found in which I asked what would be done in case in any of the 'barbarous' nations now at war, a respectable, educated Negro with good and compared with which the atrocities character should buy a farm in that county charged against the German soldiers would and move in. The only other passenger appear for the most part as trifling indis said, 'Damm him, we would lynch him before cretions incident to the heat of war. mo'nin.' The driver, who was son of a "Before we throw any more stones at the 'county judge,' said, 'We would strip him, Germans, let us be sure we are not living tie him to a tree, slit his skin into strips one in a glass house. If war is what Sherman inch wide, take off one at a time, and then said it was, it is natural to expect a few hu pile brush about him and fire it.' This is man devils in an army of three or four mil but a late day expression of the same civil lions of men engaged in deadly conflict; but ization that was responsible for Anderson who would expect to find mobs of human ville and was not war." devils at work in times of peace at the very Mr. Stansberry Boyce, Washington, D. C, feet of Liberty Enlightening the World? sends us these notes on the war: "Meantime, we should like to direct the at "Leopold left a legacy to be paid by the tention of Mr. Wilson and the southern gen Belgians for the inhuman slaughter and mu tlemen who sit in the saddle at Washington tilations of the inoffensive inhabitants of to this paragraph from an address to the Congo in his greed for rubber. people of the United States issued by our "Esconced far to the North of Europe it colored brethren at their recent convention might never have been the opportunity of in New York City : any future African king to enforce payment " 'Let the American people, and especially but God moves in a mysterious way and the the President, in view of the bloody war of Belgians now know what it is to murder a all Europe and the probable grant of free harmless people at their own firesides. dom to Ireland and suffrage to women, free "Will the Canadians refuse to fight along dom to the Poles and Finns and relief from side the East Indian whom they would not segregation and political disabilities for the acknowledge as a part of the human family Jews, induced by the needs of warring na and were forbidden to enter Canada as also tions, remember that TWELVE MILLION were the West Indian Negroes? NATIVE CITIZENS IN THIS COUNTRY "The Africans and their descendants in ARE WORSE PROSCRIBED THAN America have proven to the world that they THOSE OF EUROPE. We appeal to do not lack courage and military ardor. President Wilson to free colored Americans This the French have recognized by enlisting OPINION 17 them in their present struggle. We hope leader of his race, an educator, tells us to for the sake of the Africans that they will forget our manhood; to forget the sacred give a good account of themselves, but the and inalienable rights of political and per colored race is like the Irish who are in sonal liberty and to passively submit to the vincible in fighting for other nations but not humiliation of being pushed aside as (hough for themselves." we are a race of lepers, because we would seek cleaner and healthier neighborhoods in which to live. SEGREGATION "To submit to a degradation without seri Mr. Booker Washing B. T. WASHINGTON'S ous objection is worse than cowardly; it is ton's endeavor to in ADVICE unmanly and ignoble and any race that duce colored people to would do so without exhausting every means stop fighting segregation ordinances has of moral and legal protest is unworthy of brought bitter retorts from colored papers. the name of civilized. Segregation is wrong, The Columbian Herald of Louisville, Ky., wrong in principle and fact; and, if Dr. calls it "obsequious doctrine" and says: Washington believes it is wrong, as we think "When Booker Washington advises the he does, it is to be deeply regretted that he delegates to the Negro Business League to lacks the moral stamina to say so. cease fighting segregation laws and to de "It is obvious even to the friends and sup vote themselves to acquiring wealth and in porters of Dr. Washington, that if he is telligence, he was simply advocating his quoted accurately, he cannot in the future propaganda which he has been preaching for be regarded as being in sympathy with the the past quarter of a century, viz., 'The line Afro-American who places his self-respect of the least resistance,' or to state it more and manhood-above everything else, and who accurately, 'no resistance at all.' is not willing to sacrifice either for the sake "It is this obsequious doctrine that has re of living on more congenial terms with his sulted in growing up a generation of moral white brother." cowards among the Negroes of this country. In striking' contrast to Mr. Washington's This teaching of his has brought about a con advice the Rev. Quincy Ewing, a white dition of economic serfage that has well nigh southern minister of Mississippi, lays bare sapped all the manhood and darkened the the whole inner meaning of segregation and hopes and stiffened the ennobling aspirations "Jim-Crow" legislation. of the Negroes for fifty years. It is to be "Consider further that, while no Negro, very much regretted that a man of such com no matter what his occupation, or personal manding opportunity and wide influence in refinement, or intellectual culture, or moral his day and generation should be so servile character, is allowed to travel in a pullman and spineless in his teachings. car between state lines, or to enter as a guest "It is this very damaging doctrine that at hotel patronized by white people, the has brought about the unbearable and hu blackest of Negro nurses and valets are given miliating conditions of jim crowism, dis food and shelter in all first-class hotels, and franchisement and segregation, which may occasion neither disgust nor surprise in the be regarded as 'the unkindest of all.' " Pullman cars. Here again the heart of the The Louisville News says: race problem is laid bare. The black nurse "It is inconceivable that one who occupies with a white baby in her arms, the black so prominent a position in the Afro-Ameri valet looking after the comfort of a white in can world should so far forget his position valid, have the label of their inferiority con- and his dignity as to urge his race to cease spicuously upon them; they understand protesting against the most cowardly and themselves, and everybody understand them, humiliating legislation in the land. In be servants, enjoying certain privileges "If is safe to say that segregation has for the sake of the person served. Almost many champions even among our race, but anything the Negro may do in the South, almost without exception they are to be and anywhere he may go, provided the man found among the element where there is the ner of his doing and his going is that of an least intelligence and where there is an in inferior. Such is the premium put upon his herent fear of opposing anything the white inferiority; such his inducement to maintain man chooses to do. But here we are smitten it." from an unexpected quarter; a recognized A correspondent writes us: 18 THE CRISIS "Booker T. Washington's advice to the stand up for the rights of his race the white Negroes concerning the Segregation Laws, South proceeds to hammer at him. When, is like advising the poor downtrodden Negro for instance, he recently made a very mild not to even try to get out of the hole he is appeal for better accommodations on rail in, but make the hole bigger and live in it." roads, the August Chronicle said: The Cleveland Gazette says: "Washington's program in the past led "The race can produce a dozen 'big, defi him away from 'rights' like this. For the nite pieces of constructive work,' get educa Negro he has sought 'rights' to labor, behave tion, religion, money, etc., and Dr. Washing and acquire property. ton and every one else knows that 'race pre "The longer the Negro avoids crusades for judice'—segregation and other forms of ra such things as parlor car and lower berth cial discrimination—will NOT disappear in accommodations and the more diligently any appreciable degree. If we want our that he eschews politics, the better bis rights and proper treatment, we must fight chances for progress. It would be to the for them just as every other race in the his Negro's advantage if he was not allowed to tory of the world, worthy of them, has to do. vote at all. Booker may as well be reminded It is the height of folly and positively silly that the white men and women passengers for any one to preach any other 'doctrine.' are not to sleep in the same Pullmans -with Of course, the prejudiced South and its black men and women passengers. Also, northern sympathizers will 'pat Dr. Wash that the railroads are not going to put on ington on the back,' continue to make his special Pullmans for the blacks. Also, that trips for his school, throughout the country, what is here said is true of the white people profitable, and to try to make our people of the North, the East and the West, as well accept him as our national leader, just as as of the white people of the South. long as he continues to preach his infamous "Booker was more level-headed before than 'doctrine of surrender' and endeavor to make he is since he dined at the white house." us 'ground arms' in the effort to enforce our What earthly reason is there in trying to rights, under the law; but are we fools cater to and humiliate oneself before people enough to do so? We hope not. It is little who talk and think like this"? less than an outrage for him to give that ad vice to the League, and make such a talk as that at Philadelphia, with our people in THE SUFFRAGE Louisville, Ky., and several other points in The Macon (Ga.) the South, and the North, too, fighting des WOMEN AND NEGKOES perately against segregation and kindred Daily Telegraph evils. Dr. Washington has done more by such talks to promote disfranchisement, "Eight thousand Negro Baptists, repre 'jim-crow' street and railroad cars and seg senting 2,500,000 members of their race in regation in the South, and dozens of kinds the United States, at a convention of their of racial discrimination in public places, in church in Philadelphia, have declared them the North, than almost all other agencies selves 'heartily in favor of the woman suf against us combined. Nothing is so danger frage movement.' The Philadelphia Record ous as the enemy within. It is high time quotes the presiding officer. Rev. E. C. Mor that the manly, among our educated and ris, of Montana, as saying that the woman leading men and women, were speaking out suffrage movement is based on an injustice in the open and ceasing their cowardly sulk from which his race has suffered greatly— ing for fear of personal harm. Slowly but 'taxation without representation.' The only surely is the 'doctrine of surrender' taking- other utterance quoted from the same speak bold of our masses, making a cowardly, er reads as follows: hopeless mass of humanity that are anything " 'The capital of our nation is a hotbed of but the MEN and WOMEN Douglass, Lang- race hatred and from there it will continue ston, Lynch, Bruce. Garrison, Phillips, Love- to spread to all sections of the country until joy, and the host of others, most of whom Negro men shall be permitted to re-enter have gone, worked and fought so long for. congress and speak for themselves. Why should 10,000,000 people be denied repre As a matter of fact tremendous pressure sentation in the highest law-making body of is put upon Mr. Washington by the white the land? Why should matters be so manip South. Whenever for a moment he tries to ulated as to close West Point and Annapolis OPINION 19 to educated and patriotic young Negro men, Laurel is because there are no Negro brick who are anxious to be trained in military layers living there. science for the good of their country'?' "I, too, am a Southerner, and everything "The account before us is brief and equal, would always give the white man the unsatisfactory, but it is at least clear that preference, but in this case, am forced to say the members of this convention wish it un that as far as ability was concerned, every derstood that the down-trodden American thing was NOT equal, and from both a busi Negro sympathizes with the down-trodden ness and financial standpoint, I was unable American woman, and that the emancipation to comply with their request for a local of the latter is expected to unshackle the bricklayer foreman. It is my impression former and send him straightway to Con that the origin of the trouble with the brick gress." layers in Laurel was the fact that two or This, of course, does not at all suit the three of them wanted to be foreman on the Telegraph and the Tampa (Fla.) Times is job, and I did not consider them competent, quite upset: as I had made previous inquiries as to their "The women of America—and more par capability. ticularly those of the South—will hardly ap "I have a Negro in my employ, whom I preciate or relish the coupling of their cause consider capable of handling any job and I with that of the Negroes. They have not did not care to discharge him and lose the heretofore been classed together and they bricklayers that I had organized in order to do not rate themselves and the blacks as experiment with a few local 'would be boss' companions in misfortune and the victims of bricklayers. I have had several wdiite brick the oppression of the white men. ..." layer foremen and will say that I have found this Negro far superior in every respect to the white men whom it has been my experi ence to employ in this capacity." LABOR UNIONS The writer, I. C. Garber, concludes by The Laurel (Miss.) Daily saying: FIGHTING Leader publishes an interest "The building now stands as a monument THE NEGRO ing letter from a contractor to 'Garber and his "niggers" ' and a good who has hired Negro labor: sample for the local bricklayers." "Mr. Anderson, as Secretary of the Brick layers' Union, knows, if he is informed as to the by-laws and constitution of the Brick CRIME AND RACE layers' Union, that they place the Negro The Greensboro (N. C.) bricklayer on an equality with the white INSTANCES OF Daily News has this from bricklayer both in the Lodge and on the job. DISCRIMINATION its Elizabeth City corre The Bricklayers' Union of Jackson, as well spondent : as the Unions in other cities, elects both "Judge Frank Carter finished his investi white and colored officers. A Mr. Glenn gation of the management of the Pasquotank here, who is a brother of the Mr. Glenn, a county chain gang this afternoon, and an bricklayer in Laurel, who stirred up consid nounced the findings of his inquiry to a large erable animosity about my working Negro audience which packed the court room to bricklayers in Laurel, is the President of the hear the proceedings. He spoke from the Union here and has a Negro secretary under bench and stated that his investigation had him. This same Mr. Glenn has been secre revealed to him that the chaingang had been tary under a Negro president in this lodge. grossly mismanaged; that the guards had "Mr. Anderson says that they were imbued drank enormous amounts of whisky, while with the Southern spirit and felt that they on duty and had practiced the most revolt could not look their own wives and mothers ing cruelties upon the prisoners, while the in the face if they worked under a Negro superintendent, Frank Weeks, had shown his foreman. 1 would like to ask this gentleman inefficiency by permitting such a state of the difference between working under a Ne affairs to go on. He characterized the Pas gro foreman on the job and sitting and asso quotank county chaingang as a disgrace to ciating with a Negro president in their lodge. the civilization of the county, and not fit Possibly the only reason they have not had for the most desperate Negro criminal. He Negro officers in the Bricklayers' Union in stated that while holding courts in the dis- 20 THE CRISIS Negro and partly for the young attorney, trict, he would use every effort possible to the State's attorney allows him to plead not keep from sending convicts to the chaingang until there had been a complete reorganiza guilty to the murder charge, but guilty of tion of its management with all the present manslaughter and take sentence to the peni officers eliminated." tentiary," where he stays until he is pardoned The problem of crime in the South is il a few years later. This plan always works lustrated by this clipping from the New very satisfactorily to all parties concerned— York Sun, who quotes S. F. Davis, a Missis the State saves the expense of a trial, the sippi lawyer. Negro is saved from being hanged and the On the subject of the Negro law on gam State gets another cotton producer on the bling the writer says: State farm." "Under our criminal statute it is a misde The following editorial from the Pitts meanor for any person to wager any money burgh (Pa.) Courier is quite to the point: or other valuable thing on any game of "Twenty years ago a Negro of Alabama chance or to play for money at any game of was convicted on a charge of larceny. It cards, or dice, etc., but it is the unwritten was shown that the Negro had stolen 50 law—and the unwritten law applies in this cents. The judge sentenced him to the peni case—that all Negroes may play a game of tentiary for 50 years, explaining that the chance with dice, commonly called craps, for Negro should pay a year in servitude for money or any other valuable thing on Satur each penny stolen. The present governor of day nights or any time during the first day the State of Alabama has just recently par of the week, commonly called Sunday, pro doned the Negro, with the comment that the vided, however, it is conducted in a quiet, sentence was out of all proportion to the orderly manner in a vacant cabin or cotton crime. house on the back side of the plantation. "Not many months ago, in the same State, But it is also the unwritten law of this State a white man, holding an official position, that a white person must not at any time or stole $90,000 from the funds entrusted to place, for either love or money or any other him: he was given ten years to the peniten valuable thing, play a game of craps, that tiary. Under the same system as practiced being recognized as a Negro game exclusive upon the Negro, this white man could have ly. It is also the unwritten law of this State been given just nine million years in the that all white persons may play a game of penitentiary. chance with cards, commonly called poker, "But let us come nearer home. In Penn for money or for any other valuable thing, sylvania, not many months ago, a white provided, however, that said game is con woman lured some drunken men into an ducted in a quiet, orderly manner in some alley and robbed them of their money. She private place after business hours, but a Ne was paroled. Within the past year, a col gro must not under any circumstances play ored girl, charged with having stolen $7.00 a game of poker for love or money, that be ing recognized as a white man's game." from her white consort, was given 18 months in the workhouse. Three white men plead Concerning the homicide law in its appli guilty to burglarizing a private residence. cation to a Negro Mr. Davis says: They were paroled. A Negro pleaded guilty "If he kills a white man and is caught he to playing poker and was given three months is hanged, the time and place of his execu to the workhouse. tion depending altogether on who caught "The above instances are sufficient to in him, the Sheriff's posse or the friends of the dicate that there is an evident division of deceased. If the Sheriff's posse were the crime with respect to the color of the crim first to get possession of him he is hanged inal. A white man commits the highest pos the third Friday after court adjourns; if the sible crime and there is always some loop friends of the deceased are the first to get hole for his escape. A Negro may commit possession of him he is hanged at once, at a crime of any degree whatever, and the or near the place where the killing occurred. law is inflexible; he must serve the days and When a Negro is indicted for killing another years prescribed in the books. This is in Negro he is seldom if ever tried. The usual variably the case. The exceptions are so practice is for the court to appoint some few they do not merit mention. young and inexperienced attorney to defend "To add to this injustice, we get the report him: then partly out of sympathy for the of the statistician on crime. He uses the OPINION 21 prison and court dockets for his information deeds. The Northern Congressmen who have and makes his reports accordingly. The a considerable Negro electorate in their States magazine writers base their arguments upon or districts are concerning themselves, so the figures, and the poor Negro gets a pic that the Southerners no longer hold the field ture of himself that beggars all description. alone. II may develop into an unpleasant He leads in crime, undoubtedly, he must lead, fight. Our own idea is that the belligerents for the records so show, and who can dispute should let the President appoint a Negro Re figures? corder of Deeds if he shall so choose." "But all of this is the white man's delusion, not ours. It is his civilization he is dissect ing, not ours. He may classify crime and make partial reports to suit his necessity, ANOTHER PUZZLE but the truth of the situation rests undis THE "NEW" Readers of THE CRISIS have turbed. To charge us with crime does not WILBERFORCE doubtless scanned with some make us criminals; to give us long terms in perplexity the irate letters prison does not subtract from the criminal nearly three feet long by President Scarbor class who enjoy short sentences. In the long- ough of Wilberforce in the New York Age process of evolution the criminal will classify and News. He takes us to task for our ar himself. Then there will be no classification ticle on the "New Wilberforce" in the Au under the code, nor will the sentence of the gust CRISIS. The incensed gentleman gets criminal have any significance. At the pres real good and mad and says: ent rate of his social and political disorder, "In such an article we are accustomed to the white man is destined to take the lead in seek at once the motives inspiring it. In all things criminal, and certainty he will not this case we are wondering whether it was incur the envy of the Negro." inspired by a malicious desire to strike the college department in particular, to belittle what it has done and injure its standing and POLITICS work for higher education; or, by a piqued COLORED OFFICE THE Charlotte Observer spirit which sees an opportunity for retalia HOLDERS , remarks that Presidentiont ; or, by a spirit which thus repays per Wilson has not been able sonal favors through questionable eulogiums. to do much with Congress so far as the Ne Or, was it real unadulterated ignorance gro is concerned and continues: steeped in egotism? We must leave it for "Hitherto President Wilson has not ex readers and those generally acquainted with tended to such matters his mastery over Con the situation to judge." gress. Intent upon getting his reform meas We are greatly mystified by this astonish ures through—having, as he said upon one ing exhibition of temper and after re-read well-remembered occasion, a single-track ing what we considered at the time a most mind—he has given Congressmen their own excellent and helpful article on an institu way with patronage claimed by them. He tion which we greatly admire, we are com has wished not to handicap his program by pelled to appeal to our readers: If any any side-issues or frictions of this kind. reader of THE CRISIS can discover in the be Hence the Senators opposing any Negro ap fore-mentioned article anything calculated pointments even secured from him the ap to make an otherwise mild professor of pointment of a white man, a Missourian, as Greek tear his hair and "cuss," we will glad Minister to the Negro Republic of Haiti— ly give him a year's subscription to THE rather a queer proceeding for them, we must CRISIS. Send in your answers soon. say. But the issue is again up, the President has gotten through Congress all except the final round of his legislative program, and the elections are near at hand. Recently the Dr. Slyburn C. Downing, a young colored President refused to turn down Attorney- man who graduated from Howard Medical General McReynolds' recommendation that School a few years ago, was awarded the Robert Terrell, colored, a municipal judge first prize, $25 in gold, in a contest con of the District of Columbia, be granted reap ducted by the New York Medical Journal pointment. And now he may or may not for the best essay on "The Treatment of Al appoint a Negro to the recordership of coholic Cirrhosis of the Liver." Where Does Your Congressman Stand? A QUESTIONNAIRE We hear that darkest Russia promises na 'questionnaires have been sent have not had tional unity to Poland, autonomy to Fin time to reply. One hundred and thirteen re land and religious freedom to all. What is plies have been received. Of these 49, listed free America going to do for her ten mil below, gave favorable answers to all ques lion colored citizens? To find out the Na tions. We also give an analysis of the 64 tional Association has sent the following^ ^unfavorable and doubtful replies. Replies questionnaire to all candidates for Congress :| received after to-day, October 8, will be printed in handbills for distribution to our September 22, 1914. branches before election. Over 1,400 candi My Dear Sir: dates will receive the questions. Will you kindly till out and return the at Candidates Who Promise to Vote Right. tached questionnaire by October 12 ? This The following give favorable answers to is being sent out by the National Association every one of the five questions: for the Advancement of Colored People to all candidates for Congress of the Republi THOSE WHO ANSWER "RIGHT" can, Democratic and Progressive parties. The results will be published in THE CRISIS, State Party District Name the organ of the Association which reaches l50,000 readers, in the white and colored Indiana Republican 5th Shattuck Indiana Progressive 6th Russell press of the country, and in handbills for Indiana Republican 7th Moores distribution by our branches. Indiana Progressive 7th Hibben Indiana ] Progressive 9th Ford The names of candidates not forwarding Indiana ; Republican 9th Purnell Indiana . Republican 11th Stricler their answers by October 12 will also be Indiana | Progressive 12th Widney Indiana \ Republican 12th Lane printed and colored voters and their friends Indiana Republican 13th Hickey advised to vote against them. Very truly Kansas , Republican Senator Curtis yours, J. E. SPINGARN. Kan sas Republican 7th Simmons Chairman of Board. Massachusetts Progressive 5 th Osgood Massachusetts Progressive 7th Ranger 1. Will you, if elected, vote against any Massachusetts Rep. & Pro. 8th : Dallinger Massachusetts Republican 9th Roberts measure abrogating the Fourteenth and Fif Massachusetts Progressive 9th . Newton teenth Amendments? Massachusetts Democratic 11th Horgan Michigan Progressive 2d , Probert 2. Will you, if elected, vote against— Michigan Republican 2d ; Bacon a. Segregation in the federal service? Michigan Progressive 4th Harvey Michigan Republican 4th ; Hamilton b. Residential segregation in the District Michigan Democratic 10th 1 Hitchcock of Columbia ? Ohio Republican 1st Longworth Ohio Republican 2d Struble c. Segregation in Jim Crow cars in the Ohio Republican 3d Brown Ohio Democratic 4th Cunningham District of Columbia ? Ohio Progressive 9th Whitney Ohio Democratic 10th Martzolff .'!. Regardless of whether you advocate Ohio Democratic 12 th Ohio Hogan racial intermarriage, will you oppose the Republican 14th Williams Ohio Republican Ohio 19th Cooper passage of a law making such marriage in Progressive 21st Miller Ohio Republican the District of Columbia invalid, since the 22d Emerson enactment by states of such laws has led to Pennsylvania Progressive at large Walters the degradation of Negro women and chil Pennsylvania Progressive 1st Burt Pennsylvania Republican Senator Penrose dren ? Pennsylvania Progressive 3d , Weinstock Pennsylvania Washington 6th Drake 4. Do you under any circumstances jus Pennsylvania Washington 7th Tom l in son Pennsylvania Progressive 13th | Stewart tify lynching? Pennsylvania Progressive 15 th Stokes Pennsylvania Progressive 16 th Heffner 5. Do you favor the enforcement of Pennsylvania Progressive 25th ; Lockwood Clause 2 of the 14th Amendment to the Rhode Island Progressive 2d Ball Constitution? Washington Republican Senator : Jones Washington Republican 3d Many nominations have not been received Johnson as this goes to press and many to whom West Virginia Progressive 2d Keim WHAT THE OTHER CANDIDATES SAY 1 2 3 4 5 SEGREGATION State Name Party District Abrogation of Enforcing 14th 14th and 15th Inter-Marriage Lynching Amendment Amendments Federal Service Residential Jim Crow Ill. Ashton Progressive 1st Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory where Ill. Harris Republican 5th Unsatisfactor y Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory No answer No answer Satisfactory does Ill. Harmon Progressive 8th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory your congressman Ind. Seiler Progressive 1st Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory- Satisfactory Vague Satisfactory Satisfactory stand Ind. Bland Republican 2d Unsatisfactory Vague Vague Vague No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Ind. Purwell Republican 9th 'Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Ind. Wood Republican 10th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer No answer Satisfactory Ind. Barnhart Democratic 13th Satisfactory I Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory No answer Kans. Anthony Republican 1st No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Kans. Brady Progressive 2d No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Kans. Bertch Progressive 3d Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactorv Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Kans. Welty Progressive 4th Vague Satisfactorv Vague Vague No answer Satisfactory No answer Kans. Dykes Republican Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer No answer 6th Satisfactory Satisfactory Progressive Kans. Davidson 8th •Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory- Ky. Bristow Republican 7 th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Vague Satisfactory Satisiactory Mass. Burdick Democratic 1st Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Mass. Lewis Dem. & Prog 2d Satisfactory Vague Vague Vague No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Progressive Mass. Kincaide 4 th "Unsatisfactory •Unsatisfactory *Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactorv Mass. Lawrence Progressive No answer 12th No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Mass. Morris Democratic 15 th Satisfactory . Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer No answer Mich. McCarty Republican 1st Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory- Mich. Smith , Republican 3d No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Mich. Dodge Democratic 6th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Vague Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Mich. Smith Democratic 8th Vague Vague Vague Vague No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Minn. MacKintosh Progressive 3d Satisfactory Vague Vague Vague Satisfactorv Satisfactory No answer Minn. Nelson Democratic 8th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Minn. Jepson Republican 10th Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Minn. Democratic Satisfactory Swensen 10th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Vague Satisfactory No answer Mo. Akins Republican Sen. Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory- Satisfactory No answer Satisfactorv Satisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Madden Progressive 1st Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory- Ohio Matthews Republican 5 th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Baxter Progressive 5th Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Unsatisfactory to to WHAT OTHER CANDIDATES SAY (Continued) 1 2 3 4 State Name Party District Abrogation of SEGREGATION 14th and 15th Enforcing 14th Inter- Marriage Lynching Amendments Federal Service Residential Jim Crow Amendment Ohio Fess Republican 7th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Taylor Progressive 7th No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Ohio Clark Republican 8th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Cordill Republican 9th Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Westfall Republican 12th Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Irvine Republican 17th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Hollingsworth Republican 18th No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Ohio Bathrick Democratic 19th No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Okla. Campbell Republican 6th Satisfactor v Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Okla. Satisfactory Satisfactory Alexander Progressive 8th . Satisfactorv Satisfactory Vague Vague Unsatisfactory Satisfactor y Satisfactory Penna. Watson Progressive at large ; Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Penna. Satisfactorv Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory THE CRISIS Rutley Progressive : at large ' Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Vague Satisfactory Satisfactory Penna. Crago Republican at large : Satisfactory Satisfactor y Satisfactory Satisfactory Penna. No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Mitchell Progressive at large " Satisfactory Satisfactorv Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Penna. McCrossin Democratic 1st Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Penna. Satisfactory Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Stephens ; Progressive 14th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Penna. Dean ; Democratic 14th Satisfactory Unsatisfactory No answer Satisfactory Penna. Vague Vague Satisfactory Vague Kiess Republican 15th Satisfactory Satisfactorv Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Penna. Focht Republican 17th Satisfactory No answer No answer No answer Penna. No answer No answer No answer Satisfactory Kaufman Democratic 18th Satisfactory Satisfactorv Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer No answer Penna. Hood Progressive 23d Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Penna. Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Hart Progressive 26th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Sat isfactory Satisfactory Penna. Wolfe Progressive 27th Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Penna. Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Miller Republican 28th j Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Penna. Campbell Democ ratic 32d Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Va Flood Democratic 10th ' Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Wash. Humphrey Republican 1st , No answer No answer Wash. No answer No answer No answer No answer Drury Democratic 3d Satisfactory No answer No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory W. Va. Harner Satisfactory Satisfactory Progressive 1st Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Vague No answer- Wis. Stafford Republican 5th No answer Satisfactory Wis No answer No answer No answer No answer No answer Esch Republican 7th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory Wis. Browne Republican 8th Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory No answer Satisfactory Satisfactory * There are indications that these questions may have been misunderstood. f Sent letter stating principles broadly but declining to answer specific questions. THE N. A. A. C. P. agreed to give one dollar for every two dol lars raised. The carnival was a success, not only from a financial point of view, but In its effect upon the colored people of Chicago and their friends. Practically every colored artist in the city gave his services In the program. The Eighth and Twelfth Regi ment bands likewise donated their services and paraded the streets on the South Side, drawing hundreds to the large lent where the carnival was given. Thirteen different or ganizations joined the Executive Committee and worked together harmoniously to make the affair a striking success. About twenty men employed in the post office and else where in the civil service laid off for a day, at their own expense, and helped in the erec tion of the platform and booths. There seemed to be rivalry lo see which organiza tion could make the best contribution in THE ASSOCIATION PIN ideas and efforts. Above is an enlarged drawing of the All the booths did a thriving business. (In new pin of the N.A.A.C.P. This beau Saturday night the tent was packed to capa tiful design is the work of Mr. John city and about eight hundred people were Howells, Jr., who generously gave his time turned away. The organizations which and talent to the Association. Mr. Howells joined in the affair were: The Chicago Den is a member of the well known firm of tal Club, Grace Presbyterian Sunday School, Howells and Stokes in New York. Phalanx Club, Tuskegee Club, Women's Aid Made up in gold with a rich blue and Society, Appomattox Club, Young Matrons' white enamel, the pin may be secured at the Culture Club, Pandora Club, Coleridge Tay offices of the Association by members at 25 lor Club, Entre Nous Club, Civic Protective cents, postpaid 27 cents. A membership in League, Ipsilon Delia Pi, and Ipsilon Sigma the National Association which costs only Kappa. one dollar, with one of these new pins, would The festival closed with a mass meeting- make an appropriate Christmas remem Sunday afternoon held at the Institutional brance for your friends. They may be also Church. Addresses were made by the Rev. secured mounted on an artistic Christmas R. W. Bagnall, of Detroit, Mr. Robert Mc- card at the rates quoted above. Send your Murdy, the Rev. Duncan C. Milner, Prof. order early. H. T. Greener, the Rev. J. B. Massiah of St. Thomas Episcopal Church, Charles T. Hal- BRANCHES linan, and others. Dr. Bentley presided. Baltimore reports that the James Jenkins "Jim Crow" street car case has been ap MEETINGS pealed by the State and will come up before the Court of Appeals early in October. The Mass meetings with Mr. Villard, Mr. Stu- attorneys for the Branch, Messrs. McGuinn din and Mrs. Butler R. Wilson as speakers and Hawkins, have the matter in charge. are announced for East Orange, Trenton The Branch also reports that they arc tak and Newark during October. ing steps to test the new segregation ordi The Association desires lo thank the Na nance. tional Association of Colored Women for their donation of fifty dollars, voted at their The Chicago Bazaar: annual meeting in Wilberforce. The good To raise funds for the establishment of an wishes which accompanied this gift, as well office where cases of discrimination against as the interest and sympathy shown toward colored people may be investigated and ad our work at the Empire Slate and New Eng justed, a summer tent festival was held land Federation meetings, were much appre August 28 and 29 Mr. Julius Rosenwald ciated. "OUT OF AFRICA BLACK SOLDIERS FROM SENEGAL FIGHTING (Courtesy of L'lllustration, Paris) .ED MY SON!" E CIVILIZATION OF EUROPE AGAINST ITSELF EDITORIAL WORLD WAR AND THE COLOR ciency and has been for twenty years LINE the bully of Europe with a chip on her shoulder and defiance in her mouth. MANY colored persons, and The colonies which England and persons interested in France own and Germany covets are them, may easily make largely in tropical and semi-tropical the mistake of supposing lands and inhabited by black, brown and that the present war is yellow peoples. In such colonies there far removed from the is a chance to confiscate land, work the color problem of America and that in natives at low wages, make large profits the face of this great catastrophe we and open wide markets for cheap Euro may forget for a moment such local pean manufactures. Asia, Africa, the problems and give all attention and con South Sea Islands, the West Indies, tributions to the seemingly more press Mexico and Central America and much ing cause. of South America have long been desig This attitude is a mistake. The pres nated by the white world as fit field for ent war in Europe is one of the great this kind of commercial exploitation, for disasters due to race and color prejudice the benefit of Europe and with little re and it but foreshadows greater disasters gard for the welfare of the natives. One in the future. has only to remember the forced labor It is not merely national jealousy, or in South Africa, the outrages in Congo, the so-called "race" rivalry of Slav, Teu the cocoa-slavery in Portuguese Africa, ton and Latin, that is the larger cause the land monopoly and peonage of Mex of this war. It is rather the wild quest ico, the exploitation of Chinese coolies for Imperial expansion among colored and the rubber horror of the Amazon to races between Germany, England and realize what white imperialism is doing France primarily, and Belgium. Italy, to-day in well-known cases, not to men Russia and Austria-Hungary in lesser tion thousands of less-known instances. degree. Germany long since found her In this way a theory of the inferiority self shut out from acquiring colonies. of the darker peoples and a contempt She looked toward South America, but for their rights and aspirations has be the "Monroe Doctrine" stood in her way. come all but universal in the greatest She started for Africa and by bulldoz centers of modern culture. Here it was ing methods secured one good colony, that American color prejudice and race one desert and two swamps. Her last hatred received in recent years unex efforts looked toward North Africa and pected aid and sympathy. To-day civil Asia-Minor. Finally, she evidently de ized nations arc fighting like mad dogs cided at the first opportunity to seize over the right to own and exploit these English or French colonies and lo this darker peoples. end feverishly expanded her navy, kept In such case where should our sym her army at the highest point of effi pathy lie ? Undoubtedly, with the Allies EDITORIAL 29 —with England and France in particu force calculated to subordinate darker lar. Not that these nations are inno peoples. It would mean triumphant cent. England was in the past blood- militarism, autocratic and centralized guilty above all lands in her wicked and government and a studied theory of con conscienceless rape of darker races. tempt for everything except Germany— England was primarily responsible for "Germany above everything in the American slavery, for the starvation of world." The dispair and humiliation of India, and the Chinese opium traffic. Germany in the eighteenth century has But the salvation of England is that she brought this extraordinary rebound of has the ability to learn from her mis self-exaltation and disdain for mankind. takes. To-day no white nation is fairer The triumph of this idea would mean a in its treatment of darker peoples than crucifixion of darker peoples unparal England. Not that England is yet fair. leled in history. She is not yet just, and she still nour The writer speaks without anti-Ger ishes much disdain for colored races, man bias; personally he has deep cause erects contemptible and humiliating to love the German people. They made political and social barriers and steals him believe in the essential humanity of their land and labor; but as compared white folk twenty years ago when he was with Germany England is an angel of near to denying it. But even then the light. The record of Germany as a col spell of militarism was in the air, and onizer toward weaker and darker people the Prussian strut had caught the na is the most barbarous of any civilized tion's imagination. They were starting people and grows worse instead of bet on the same road with the southern ter. France is less efficient than Eng American whites toward a contempt to land as an administrator of colonies and ward human beings and a faith in their has consequently been guilty of much own utter superiority to all other breeds. neglect and injustice; but she is never This feeling had not then applied itself theless the most kindly of all European particularly to colored folk and has only nations in her personal relations with begun to to-day; but it is going by leaps colored folk. She draws no dead line and bounds.. Germany needs but the of color and colored Frenchmen always role of world conquest to make her one love France. of the most contemptible of "Nigger" Belgium has been as pitiless and hating nations. Just as we go to press, grasping as Germany and in strict jus the Berliner Tageblatt publishes a pro tice deserves every pang she is suffer clamation by "German representatives ing after her unspeakable atrocities in of Science and Art to the World of Cul Congo. Russia has never drawn a color ture" in which men like Harnack, Bode, line but has rather courted the yellow Hauptmann, Suderman, Roentgen, races, although with ulterior motives. Humperdink, Wundt and others, insult Japan, however, instilled wholesome re hundreds of millions of human beings spect in this line. by openly sneering at "Mongrels and Undoubtedly, then the triumph of the Niggers." allies would at least leave the plight of As colored Americans then, and as the colored races no worse than now. Americans who fear race prejudice as Indeed, considering the. fact than black the greatest of War-makers, our sympa Africans and brown Indians and yellow thies in the awful conflict should be with Japanese are fighting for France and France and England ; not that they have England it may be that they will come conquered race prejudice, but they have out of this frightful welter of blood with at least begun to realize its cost and evil, new ideas of the essential equality of all while Germany exalts it. men. If so great, a catastrophe has followed On the other hand, the triumph of jealousies and greed built on a desire to Germany means the triumph of every steal from and oppress people whom the 30 EDITORIAL dominant culture dispises, how much organization to make a business of this wilder and wider will be the conflict matter. The price of the Magazine is when black and brown and yellow peo $1.00 a year and we allow a discount of ple stand up together shoulder to shoul 25% on each subscription. Can we not der and demand recognition as men! join our forces in some way ? We should be glad to give you publicity in the Let us give then our sympathies to Magazine whenever you desire. those nations whose triumph will most tend to postpone if not to make unneces We are sending you a sample copy of sary a world war of races. our Biennial number. Very cordially" yours, (Signed) HARRIET BISHOP WATERS, A CORRESPONDENCE General Federation Magazine. HE General Federation of This letter has received the following (white) Women's Clubs reply from THE CRISIS office: sent a representative to Dear Madam: the meeting of the Na I have your circular concerning a sub tional Association of scription to the General Federation Colored Women at Wil- Magazine. berforce, and the magazine of the Gen Do you think it is fair to ask a col eral Federation published an excellent ored person to subscribe to the official article concerning that meeting. On the organ of an organization which discrim strength of this the magazine has evi inates against them so outrageously as dently obtained the mailing list of the yours does? colored organization and is sending this Very sincerely yours, etc. letter broadcast: We trust that similar letters will go GENERAL FEDERATION MAGAZINE from every colored woman approached. Only official organ of the General Fed This is not a matter of hatred or com plaint. It is a matter of self-respect. eration of Women's Clubs The General Federation of Women's Xew York, N. Y., Sept. 22. 1914. Clubs has insulted every black woman in My dear Madam: America. They have deliberately and Your name has been sent to me by openly put a brand on her. Clubs com Miss Zona Gale, formerly Chairman of posed of every race and nation in Amer Civics of the General Federation of ica are welcome to this federation except Women's Clubs, who recently spoke be those of black women. Against this con fore your Colored Women's Convention, temptible action taken by northern white as being one of the prominent colored women to placate the petty spite of women in this country who would with southern white women colored women out doubt be interested in the General cannot and do not wish to take any ac Federation Magazine, which is the tion. They are quietly and effectively official organ of the General Federation doing their own club work. But they of Women's Clubs. refuse to forget the insult or condone it. I am using this month an account of Above all they resent on the part of your Convention by Miss Zona Gale and these narrow-minded white women the I know you will be interested to see that assumption that-the exclusion of colored in this important Magazine. May I not women's clubs from the General Federa hope for your support in the way of at tion has "helped" the colored organiza least one subscription to the Magazine ? tion. The stealing of my purse may I would like to add this also: If one make me careful and saving but I owe woman could be appointed in each club little gratitude to the thief, and at all or organization to take subscriptions, she events for the thief to demand gratitude might find it profiable for herself or her is adding insult to injury. THE BURDEN OF BLACK WOMEN 31 THE BURDEN OF BLACK WOMEN Dark daughter of the lotus leaves that watch Who raised the fools to their glory the Southern sea, But black men of Egypt and Ind? Wan spirit of a prisoned soul a-panting to Ethiopia's sons of the evening, be free; Chaldeans and Yellow Chinese? The muttered music of thy streams, the The Hebrew children of Morning whispers of the deep And mongrels of Rome and Greece? Have kissed each other in God's name and Ah, well! kissed a world to sleep. And they that raised the boasters The will of the world is a whistling wind Shall drag them down again: sweeping a cloud-cast sky, Down with the theft of their thieving And not from the east and not from the west And murder and mocking of men, knelled its soul-searing cry; Down with their barter of women But out of the past of the Past's grey past, And laying and lying of creeds, it yelled from the top of the sky; Down with their cheating of childhood, Crying: Awake, 0 ancient race!. Wail And drunken orgies of war— ing : 0 woman arise! And crying and sighing and crying again down, as a voice in the midnight cries; But the burden of white men bore her back, down, and the white world stifled her sighs. deep down, Till the Devil's strength be shorn, The White World's vermin and filth: Till some dim, darker David a-hoeing of his All the dirt of London, corn, All the scum of New York; And married maiden, Mother of God, Valiant spoilers of women And conquerors of unarmed men; Bid the Black Christ be born! Shameless breeders of bastards Drunk with the greed of gold, Then shall the burden of manhood, Baiting their blood-stained hooks Be it yellow or black or white, With cant for the souls of the simple, And Poverty, Justice and Sorrow— Bearing the White Man's Burden The Humble and Simple and Strong, Of Liquor and Lust and Lies! Shall sing with the Sons of Morning Unthankful we wince in the East, And Daughters of Evensong: Unthankful we wail from the westward, Unthankfully thankful we sing, In the un-won wastes of the wild : Black mother of the iron hills that guard the I hate them, Oh! blazing sea, I hate them well, Wild spirit of a storm-swept soul a-strug- I hate them, Christ! gling to be free, As I hate Hell, Where 'neath the bloody finger marks, thy If I were God riven bosom quakes, I'd sound their knell Thicken the thunders of God's voice, and lo! This day! a world awakes! THE CRISIS THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. 33 THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. By C. H. TOBIAS THE first Young Men's Chris building, the Washington Association secur tian Association of colored ed an offer of $25,000 from John D. Rocke men was organized in feller on condition that a like sum be raised Washington, D. C, in 1853, to erect a $50,000 building. In a popular two years after the first subscription campaign the colored people of Association was organized Washington subscribed $32,000. This result on this continent, and was so gratifying to all concerned that the eleven years after the parent Association objective was raised from $50,000 to $100,- was founded in London by George Williams. 000. Of this amount, which was finally col Anthony Bowen, a free Negro who worked lected, the colored people paid $27,000. The in one of the government departments at building was completed and dedicated in Washington, was the first president. Wil 1912. With its swimming pool, bowling al liam Chauncy Langdon, afterwards founder ley, billiard parlor, cafe, gymnasium, read of the International Convention, was then ing room, Bible study courses, boys' depart secretary of the white Association of Wash ment, and dormitories for fifty men, its ap- ington and an employee of the same govern peal to the men and boys of Washington ment department in which Bowen worked. has met with a generous response. It has The two men were strong friends and mutu the distinction of having closed out its first ally helpful to each other in Association year without a deficit, the obligations having work. From this beginning the Young Men's been met from the year's receipts accruing Christian Association work among colored from membership fees, room rent, and fees men has had continuous existence and steady for use of swimming pool and game privi growth. The period of greatest growth, leges. The last published report shows a however, is covered by the last seven years, membership of 675. and the purpose of this article is to note Chicago was the next city to enter a build the important achievements of that period, ing campaign. The result of this campaign and to show how the movement has grown for Chicago itself may be stated in a word in such a short time from a few Associations —the largest and finest Association building widely scattered and owning property val for colored men in the United States was ued at less than $200,000 to a nation-wide erected at a cost of $190,000. The feature brotherhood with modern buildings in all of outstanding importance in the Chicago sections of the country valued at more than campaign, however, was the interest mani $1,000,000. fested by Julius Rosenwald, the Hebrew pre Up to seven years ago there was not a sident of the Sears-Roebuck Company, who single modern Y. M. C. A. for colored men gave $25,000 to the Chicago building, and anywhere in the country. There were build was so pleased with the investment that he ings in New York, Louisville, Norfolk, Ashe- extended the offer of a like amount to any ville, Atlanta, Orange, N. J., and other city in the country that would raise $75,000 places, but they were, with the possible ex to erect a $100,000 building for colored men. ceptions of Norfolk and Ashevillc, old resi This was an offer of such wonderful gener dences turned into Association buildings. In osity, and far-reaching significance, in view 1907 George Foster Peabody, a New York of the race and religion of the donor, that it business man who had long been interested stunned the Association world. A promi in Association work for colored men, offered nent Chicago business man declared that it to give $20,000 for a building to be erected was the greatest benefaction the Negro had in Columbus, Ga., his native city, on condi received since the Emancipation Proclama tion that $5,000 be raised by the citizens of tion was issued. Columbus, white and colored. The condition This remarkable challenge has been met was met and a modern building was erected. by eleven cities, namely, Washington, Chi This was the beginning of the forward move cago, Atlanta, Indianapolis, Philadelphia, ment. Los Angeles, Kansas City, Baltimore, Cin Shortly after the erection of the Columbus cinnati, New York and Nashville. In four 34 THE CRISIS FOUR COLORED DONORS TO Y. M. C. A. BUILDING FUNDS Mrs. C. J. Walker, of Indianapolis, Ind., $1,000 Mrs. D. Merchant, of Cincinnati, O., $1,200 Henry W. Chase, of Washington, D. C, $500 James Tilghman, of Chicago, Ill., $1,000 THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. 35 of these cities—Washington, Chicago, Indi a total membership of nearly 7,000. The anapolis and Philadelphia—the building's principal activities of the student Associa have been completed and are now in full tion, conducted under the direction of stand operation. In the other cities buildings are ing committees, are work for new students, either in course of erection or will be started Bible study, mission study, weekly religious soon. meetings, social and recreative features, It is interesting to note that as many as agencies for securing employment, and com eleven Negroes have contributed $1,000 each munity social service. Tuskegee, Hampton in these building campaigns, and that while and Howard employ salaried secretaries. men of Nashville will give $40,000 toward Hampton has the distinction of having the the Nashville building, and white men of At only student Association building for col lanta $25,000 toward the Atlanta building. ored men. This building was erected at a Along with the forward movement in city cost of $33,000 and was dedicated in Febru work has come an awakening of interest on ary, 1913. The leadership of the student the part of many great corporations employ work is largely in the hands of voluntary ing Negro labor. An Association has been workers, many of whom receive training in established at a Newport News, Va., ship the Student Conference held annually at yard where 4,000 Negroes are employed. King's Mountain, N. C. Buxton, Iowa, a colored mining community, The NegTO Christian Student Convention has a $30,000 equipment for men and boys. recently held at Atlanta was directed by the The American Cast Iron Pipe Company of student Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.; 500 Birmingham, Ala., has a large and well ap delegates from 88 schools and colleges, 24 pointed building where colored employees college presidents, and 175 religious and under a colored secretary occupy two floors, educational leaders, white and colored, were and white employees occupy one floor. present at this Convention, the purpose of There is a colored railroad Association at which was to study with thoroughness the Bluefield, W. Va., supported by the Norfolk responsibility of the Negro student for and Western Railroad. A county Associa Christian work at home and abroad, and lo tion has been established at Lawrenceville, consider what light Christian thought might Brunswick County, Va. The secretary is throw on co-operation between the races. supported by the Y. M. C. A. of Pennsyl The claims of Christian work were forceful- vania State College. In order to prepare leaders and furnish continuation school facilities for workers in the city and industrial centers, the Chesa peake Summer School is held annually at Camp Chesapeake, Arundel-on-the-Bay, Md. Dr. J. E. Moorland is dean, and has asso ciated with him for class work and lecture courses some of the strongest educational and Association workers in the country. This fully equipped camp for colored men is conducted on property owned by colored men, and faces an exclusive water front a half mile long. Paralleling the city work almost from the beginning of its history, and keeping pace with it in growth and achievements, has been the student division of the Association. The first colored student Association was organ ized at Howard University in 1869. When the International Student Department was inaugurated at the Louisville International Convention in 1877, three colored Associa tions—Howard, Fisk and Walden—were represented in the Convention. There are now 104 colored student Associations with COLORED Y. M. C. A., CHICAGO 36 THE CRISIS ly presented by representatives of the differ tional Committee whose business it is to su ent life-callings, and questions of race re pervise the work of colored Young Men's lationships were discussed with frankness Christian Associations. They are W. A. and sincerity by white and black alike. A Hunton, J. E. Moorland, J. B. Watson. R. noteworthy achievement of the Convention P. Hamlin. C. H. Tobias, and A. L. Jack- was the enrollment of 240 male delegates son. Mr. Hunton, the senior secretary, has who expressed willingness to consider defi served continuously for 27 years. Mr. Jack nite forms of Christian service as life-work. son, the latest addition to the staff, was class John K. Mott, who presided at all the ses orator at the 1914 commencement of Har sions, declared it to be one of the most sig vard University. He takes the place of Mr. nificant conventions in the religious history D. D. Jones, who recently resigned to take of America. charge of the Colored Men's Branch of St. There are six secretaries of the Interna Louis. COLORED Y. M. C. A. SUMMER TRAINING SCHOOL THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE A Story of the Chinese Conquest of America By NICHOLAS VACHEL LINDSAY I. Trouble with a Laundry man. washing because 1 had lost my half of his He was a laundryman who ironed shirts red ticket. I showed him for the tenth time superbly, yet with that irritating air of be the name on the linen. I was in a hurry to ing a little above his business. His picked dress for the Lincoln's birthday banquet. English showed me that he aspired to be Pushing the money towards him, I jumped something more than a coolie. I thought for the exit with my goods. He turned out we had been friends fur some months, but the gas. I heard him scramble over the now old Yellow-arms clutched my week's counter. He was between me and the door. THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE 37 He hit me with the handle of his broom. color. I was being delicately and deprecat- Then I was under the delusion that 1 made ingly introduced to half a score of half-yel for the alley through the side entrance. low speakers of the evening, there grouped II. Results of Being Hit With a Broom. about the tablet. I found myself in a long, iron-floored Then I was being proclaimed to the audi passage, thick with yellow fog. Just as sud ence as one who had studied with zeal the denly I was in a packed assembly room Chinese conquest of America. I laid down where the walls blazed with dragon-embroid my laundry bundle. I was in a whirlwind ered lanterns. I turned around. The door of astonishing impressions. And if was no of iron behind me was closed. My pursuer longer a bundle, bill had shrunken into a was not in sight. manuscript, in Chinese characters which I The place was like a sort of heathen tem knew I myself had written. I opened it and ple. But no, the next thing that caught my read and commented to the crowd—some eye was the phrase: "In the year of Christ." thing after this fashion : It appeared that this fantastic gathering "When our fathers taught the Golden was about to dedicate with speeches and People mechanics in the sordid ages of the ceremonies a tablet inscribed: "In the gear world, the white man was the leader of civil of Christ two thousand eight hundred and ization." There was a mighty cheer. Es nine Lin-Kon was born. This memorial is pecially those almost white grew vociferous. set up on the one hundreth anniversary of Gongs were beaten. Fans were thumped his birth in honor of his meritorious and su- against the seats till they were splinters. I perior career. He was the emancipator of continued: "Our fathers were not scared the white man." when the Golden Men instituted their thor All eyes in the room were on this tablet. ough-going compulsory education, nor when It was above the speaker's platform. they put up their immortal universities from The shirt-washer had hit me pretty hard. Canton to Lhassa. But that was the crucial I did not realize it all at once but he had hour, the pivot of history. Then, in the knocked me through that iron door into the Chinese mind the Religion of Science took next millenium. He had knocked the Chi the place of the Religion of Literature, nese language into my head, for these in which same had been with them from the scriptions were written in that ideograph. days of Shen and Yao. Now in their labor And now I was amazed to behold him, or a atories were hatched the medical lodges and person quite like him sitting in a pew at inventors of secret societies, infamous and one side of the platform. He blinked there sublime. They sent forth whirlwinds of in a majesty that was a tremendous expan tracts with sociological, hygienic and biolog sion of the streak of dignity with which he ical remedies for China. These became well once ironed shirts. He had somehow knocked nigh inspired in the eyes of sects and sub- another thing into my head—that a China sects, who prayed over their crucibles in man is so infinitely superior to a white man their little back-rooms, with the phrenzy of there is no comparison. I knew that was Mohammedans entering battle. the meaning of the empty bench, reserved "Private lists were compiled of high and for him exclusively, despite the crowded low families prone to opium or vice or bad aisles. citizenship, and of many others with a ten The audience was one-half Anglo-Saxon. dency to crime or idiocy. When the storm The other half seemed Chinese, but it slowly broke, these were sure to fall, whatever the dawned on me that they were not! They apparent quarrel. Two provinces below the were Eurasians, half yellow, half white, who normal, were almost wiped out. Over every looked scornfully upon us who were so pure temple door and city gate appeared the quo and pale. But, on the other hand, they tation from the scientific conspirator Dah- glanced furtively in the direction of their win : 'Science and Heaven are one.' And solitary Chinese visitor with eyes of abject revolutionary banners proclaimed his more abasement. terrible saying, 'None but Superior men are III. How Chinese Superiority Came About. fit to live.' Every revolution aims at the an I was being patronizingly escorted toward nihilation of some class. Here all perished the tablet by some of these half-yellow men. but the subtle, the wise and the strong. I knew I was being treated with honors be "In the counter-revolution Science appar cause of my learning, and in spite of my ently returned to her kitchen and work- 38 THE CRISIS bench. The simple worship of Heaven was the glory of their administrations. They restored, with high Christian elements. The became valuable political advisers. Cere scholar sipped his tea. quoted the Sermon on mony blended with intrigue. Politeness be the Mount, quoted the Apostle Paul, quoted came the poisoned sword of politics, and Mencius again, and practically every China left the puzzled voters out of the govern man was a scholar. Machinery was now the ment. slave and not the master of Society. The "Many Europeans, not in the pay of the Golden Man retained, indeed, the most sci Chinese, have maintained that our first fifty entific national and family relations. But years as a Chinese province were the great he had learned to justify them by the five est in our history. When the pagodas be classics. His revolution had not been in gan to rise, when the so-called orange-toned vain. When he nodded. Asia had to kneel. school of city-building, first carried by the He dominated by no apparent conquest but Japanese into China, was brought here with seemingly by his sedate carriage, his level distinctly Chinese changes, all our best spir glance, his deliberate fan. its felt the fertilizing effect. Our young "Their novelists showed to the judicious scholars, returning from Pekin with the that the golden people were still human, and highest degrees, had the faculty of finding their deep-burrowing sociologists made every man of talent and firing his zeal for their sins seem black, but how could we re constructive reform till he was like an amber alize it. who met them in public matters flame. And in season and out these scholars only ? How could we resist the well-dis were disposed to voice their gratitude to the posed, iron-boned gentlemen, when they eternal lights of China. came as the apostles of light and altruism? "Our common people did not fare as well To be sure we had made great steps since as our cultured classes, but knew it not. In the sordid ages, but beside them, we seemed the words of one of our own historians, to have been retrograding. To be sure we •They moved about, anemic and restless, like had sculpture and architecture greater than the petted white monkeys that eat sweet theirs, but they had taught us to apologize meats in the palaces of India.' for them by showing at the right moment, 'Gradually the strength of the Golden- dazzling textiles, ceramics and bronzes. We faced became an ingenious tyranny. They had a power in music they could not reach protested they meant us well, and, individ but they hinted our accomplishment in this ually many of them did. but collectively we direction was a mark of national effeminacy. were the weaker because our social system They spoke lightly but confidently of their was more impure. And so we had to go jades and mosaics, their new schools of pan- down through caste and serfdom to slavery. tomine and drama. We had a poetry of our Only when it was too late did we know of own. but they made the poems collected by the system of engines in the Chinese labora Confucius more loved by the world. tories especially constructed, to insure our " 'Indeed.' said one of their scholars to his obedience." prince, "in the presence of the well-rounded V. The Praise of Lin-Kon. daily life of China, how brash seem the un "In our endless nightmare we scarcely clothed inventions of this whey-faced Democ noted the young sage who was traveling racy, where the weakling or diseased are around the world with his group of students, tolerated for their votes and praised for like Confucius, seeking that magistrate who their perverseness, where forever and for would allow him to set up his ideal govern ever the fairest things are tarnished with ment. Indeed, in his majestic and superior stupidity.' doctrines, the great Lin-Kon was nearer to IV. How the White Man Was Enslaved. Confucius than to any other teacher." "The Golden-faced men came to our land A spiritual wind swept through the au with that apparent humility that hides one dience. Again they burst through the shame knows not what. They were ostensibly, of showing emotion. They rocked in their hired servants of our public, scientific road- seats and wept and shouted. They thanked builders, park-architects, expert accountants, Heaven and thanked God for Lin-Kon. linguists, lecturers. Later they came as the Indeed it was a curious audience. The establishers of immemorial ceremonies in the wierdness and horror of Eurasianism was courts of our governors, who found the over it all—that which would fain be white, ways of the Golden People indispensable for and yet be yellow, never' knowing its own THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE 39 mind. That audience was full of mixed ters to these other gentlemen on the plat tastes. A few still wore gowns according to form. I have been asked to say a few words the ancient fashions of white people, which, on the issues of the hour. At the mass-meet I somehow remembered, were permitted ing of the celestials of the whole city to again when we were emancipated. But most celebrate Lin-Kon this afternoon, in the of them were anxious to be in fashion rather public Square, in the shadow of the statue than to be free, if their costumes told any of Equality, great pains were taken to keep thing. The gowns of most of the women and white men and Eurasians off the platform or children were embroidered with turkey-cocks, the committees, though it was a civic and peach-blooms and demons, in the prevailing not a social occasion. Naturally, but not Chinese fashion. And the majority of the wisely, we have been indignant. We have men were in stately impractical blue and declared it was like playing Hamlet without grey scholars' gowns, which looked foolish the melancholy Dane. We have maintained on manual laborers. that our voices would not necessarily have Now I found myself wandering from the defiled their ears, neither should our rejoic text, often reading it mechanically, to reflect ings have made them sad. We were going upon these things. There were all possible to protest, but better councils prevailed. We grades of half-breeds before me, and I noted can now celebrate here, in our own temple, with a kind of inward twitch that the heads in our own district of the city. We have of the men became more nobly formed in privileges sufficient for rejoicing. Our right proportion as their eyebrows straightened to political equality is written in the consti and their hair approached Chinese black. tution, and as soon as we deserve it we will The proudest of the women were plainly have it in fact. Already we have the full those with facial contours sleek as carved benefit of the law in many of our rights. Let jade, with complexions neither gold nor us forget that we cannot wear swords. We silver, yet both. These were women, I some do not need them. At least I can say we how understood, who had no husbands of need money far more. Our next step is not their own race, but had mysterious relations sword equality but commercial equality. We with certain leading Chinamen of the town, must soberly and quietly look out for our and their children, even prouder than they, selves in business. There are no fatherly sat beside them even more golden of face, Chinese reformers watching over us. Lin- even more reserved of manner, and loaded Kon is fifty years dead, and the Abolition down with jewels. ists are under the sod, and all that genera tion. We must not ask for social equality, "It was in these provinces," I continued, nor to have the color-line rubbed out. Our "that Lin-Kon saw men and women chained highest dream must be, by patience and dig to what was actually a state auction-block, nity, by more care for ethics and ceremony, though defended under a technical name. by a sweeter Christianity to attain to a sort He saw our fathers sold into hard labor and of spiritual rank with the conservative, our mothers into destruction. He had been everlasting race that still dominates." born on the hardy plains of central China where the people have a rough sort of equal There was a tremendous pandemonium of ity, being all one race. Kneeling before the acclaim. I sat down deeply pleased and sacred image of Equality in this very town thrilled, for my last words had been pretty he swore 'by the Justice of Heaven' that he stiff medicine for the once proud Anglo- would some time 'hit the curse of Slavery Saxon. and hit it hard.' VI. The Chinaman Treats Me as an Equal, "And the story will be told to-night by Though I Am Not. better orators than the one now speaking, I was sitting by the Celestial now. By how the celestial abolitionists looked upon an impreceptible gesture he had called me their humbler brethren and resolved to make to his side as I put my manuscript into my them equal with themselves or destroy the pocket. I forgot not his resemblance to the reigning dynasty in the attempt, and how, laundryman I seemed to have known mil led and mastered and disciplined by the im lions of years ago, yet it did not interfere mortal Lin-Kon, they secured through bloody with the intensity of my present exultation revolution an equal place for us before the at his kindness. I knew that he shrunk from Law. me as from a leper, yet his attention was an "But I must be brief. I leave these mat accolade. He whispered: "Servant, can you 40 THE CRISIS come with me?" I answered: "Honorable glowed with a determination to be just. He sir, I am with you." We threaded the came of the oldest and the proudest of the packed aisles, the people giving way before Chinese clans. Aspirations lofty and im him as before a demi-god. My heart bumped memorial had 'formed his forehead and like a tire-engine. My cheeks seemed scalded purged his eyes of cunning and scorn. But. with the blood in them. I knew that every I went on : "You cannot make me a hero speaker left behind envied me, that each one in your assembly. You will lose face, and had planned a sentence or so that he had more than lose face. You and I will be mis expected to roll out with special eloquence understood and vilified, now and hereafter. and make a hit with that Golden Man. Now Whatever we say on Lin-Kon's Birthday, we I was stealing their audience. know a white criminal is made more famous How soft and cool was the night air. Un in a day in the gold newspapers, than a der the dingy street-lamps of the white man's white preacher can become by endless talk quarter there was a sad and radiant dig of 'Sweet Christianity.' " nity about my companion that put a child We paused before the statue of Equality. ish aching and choking in my throat. I She was a vast Sphinx-like creature. The said in my heart, as his measured words animals beneath her claws, supposed to rep came to me like balm: "I would be willing resent Prejudice, and slain Tyranny, were to be skinned alive just to be like him. He carved like those on the avenue to the Ming justifies the ages." Yet he was simple Tombs. Her half-shut-eyes held unfathom enough in conversation. He said: "I was able thought. Many men who passed by anxious to hear your Lin-Kon's birthday saluted her gravely, so I presumed it was a celebration, and compare it with our own. custom. But my noble friend did more than I have been deeply gratified at the tone of that. He turned and put both hands on my your address." shoulders, made me look him in the eyes, and I was silent. I did not know how to shook me by the hand. His inner exultation thank him. With just the right deliberation must have been tremendous to overcome his we entered the brilliant celestial streets, as natural shrinking from my white and ghastly though crossing that invisible line were skin. I gave him the manuscript. I re crossing no line at all. I had an eye for gretted it the moment it had left my hand. the pageantry, and Lin-Kon's name in golden VII. I Almost Wake Up, Yet Dream On. letters everywhere. The sage by my side We were at the door of the banqueting was saying: "Servant, I was anxious to hall. We passed through long lines of white hear the rest of your speakers, but am due lackeys who bent respectful eyes on my com at the other banquet. I feel sure that the panion, and supercillious eyes on me. I be other men on your programme will adopt the gan to tremble. Indeed I loved the man for same exalted tone that you used in your his unworldliness, but I wanted to get my address." manuscript from him before he absent-mind "Master, they will, they will," I said edly led me into the very presence of the hastily, and then blushed. "I mean they will revellers themselves. He was expounding to not say anything violent or incendiary. me his views of the Anglo-Saxon talent for They will"— Drama, glossing over the faults of Shake "I understand what you mean," he said speare and showing his real native worth. with the greatest kindness. "I am going to He was talking rather loudly in his gener proclaim, at our banquet to-night, as the ous excitement. watchword of reconstruction that saying of AND NOW HE HAD DONE IT. I Lin-Kou : 'The superior man shows malice WAS PROFANING THE INNER SANC toward none and charity for all.' In addi TUARY WHERE NO WHITE MAN tion I shall read them, if you are willing, DARED GO UNLESS ATTIRED AS A the section of your manuscript in which you SERVANT. There were the dazzling revel counsel 'Sweet Christianity.' It is good for lers. I had a confused picture of an enor both races to know such a word has been mous feast, many men drunk. And all those given to-night." men at those long tables turned from their I said: "I will feel a terrible shame, mas god-like nectar-drinking to stare at us. I ter, if you become absurd for my sake." could not but note that my companion was He made a gesture as though my words of the most majestic presence there. But they self-deprecation were tossed aside. His face scarcely saw him. They gazed at me as THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE 41 though they would never take their eyes sembly hall. The man on the platform was away. I was the cynosure of a thousand at the climax of his oration "Lin-Kou has reproving and astonished glances. They often been compared to Confucius." . . . were as fascinated as they would have been But even now blood was Mowing. My Chi had a giant jungle elephant suddenly risen nese friend who had once been so lofty and from the earth. And just as they could not so kind was shouldering up the aisle laying take their eyes away, so 1 could not help right and left with his fearful magic sword. gazing at the endless phosphorescent crystals Immediately behind him came a company of on the sword-hilts of these gentlemen. For the banqueters, cutting and thrusting like every one was armed with that death-dealing mad. The leader was on the platform in a electrical blade that only the pure Chinese flash. He struck the miserable speaker on are permitted to carry. the mouth with the flat of his hand, and then I seemed to be waking up. I struggled beheaded him. to cry out. I resolved to take any means The swordsmen appeared to grow impos possible to wake myself completely and ir sibly emaciated and tall, yet with broad, revocably—as one often does in the midst of square shoulders. They leaned over the au a nightmare. I felt, in the foolish logic of dience like reapers. They mowed down my nightmares, that if I could get my manu wailing people like weeds. script I could break the spell. I took it I turned. I wrenched desperately at the hastily from the hands of my companion as rings in those iron doors by which, early in he was bidding me farewell. Instantly it the evening, I came to this place. Now I changed to my own bundle of laundry. I was in the yellow fog once more, crawling said to myself: "I am awake at last." on the iron-floored passageway. 1 felt if I But instead, I faced the most terrible part could get to the other end I could awake. of my dream. The face of my dear friend, My feet and hands were like magnets, cling that philosophic spirit, that guide through ing to the floor. darkness, underwent a complete degradation. It shrivelled like a leaf in a fire, it became VIII. The White Race Still Supreme. petty and full of hate. Uttering inarticu "Well, well, you brought him to, doctor. I late cries he struggled with me for the thought that broom had finished him." . . . bundle, and fell on one knee. He was thor I was back in the twentieth century, in the oughly angry because he had fallen, and be laundry-shop. I was on the counter by the cause his robe of honor was flecked with window. Friends in festive attire were flock dust. I still had the victory. ing round me, good fellows all, the blooded "Would you put me into contempt, rob youth of the town. I said to myself: "I ber'?" he breathed. "You shall be punished." am awake at last." Then, turning, in a voice that brought the Three or four policemen held the door. whole company to their feet with grave and Outside the mob howled and peered. Across sobered concern, and finally set their swords the street dangled four men, hanged by the whirring in the air, he cried: "This is a neck till they were dead. An officer pointed robber, an insulter and an incendiary. He to the nearest. has just been addressing a mob of his people. "That's your Chinaman," he said. He has said: 'The White Race or the Chi "Who hung him?" nese must perish. The whole white quarter "The mob." will be armed in an hour.' " "Who is the next man?" As he spoke, every face in that company "That is a Japanese." shrivelled to the pettiness and fury of his "Who is the next?" own. "Burn him alive!" they shouted. "That is just a Greek." "Burn him alive!" "What did he do?" The Irishman laughed. "I dunno," he I was fleeing through those time-worn said, "these foreigners have to keep out of splendid streets with the speed which we can the way, I suppose." Then by way of in only accomplish in dreams. I had the wild formation he added: "The Greeks are an hope that I could reach my own people and awful ignorant people." warn them that the mob was coming. It "Who is the fourth man?" seemed to me I could hear the whole yellow "Oh, that's just a nigger." race roaring just behind. I reached our as "Why did they hang him?" 42 THE CRISIS "Why, I suppose they did not want to will go home with you and get you ready burn him alive on Lincoln's Birthday." for the banquet yet." "But why did they hang him? What did Sure enough there was my laundry bundle he do?" on the table. I opened it. The shirt was "I dunno. I guess he was too free with not soiled with blood where it would show. his lip. The best nigger on earth is not as We managed to dodge the crowd by using good as the worst white man. Niggers are the side door. In my room I made a quick all alike. There was a Negro in Indiana the change. We were only fifty minutes late. other day." . . . And he told the usual story. The banquet had gone on with none of the "Yes," agreed a Southerner. "The best other guests knowing what was happening nigger is not as good as the worst white outside. man. But we don't lynch 'em in our corner The Southerner gracefully ended the even of Virginia unless we know they're guilty. ing by his speech on Lincoln as an example And, squinting up his eyes at the mob: "We of the survival of the fittest, accompanied by don't leave the dirty work to the poor white a eulogy of Darwin. Like the rest of the trash." speakers, he did not touch on the race ques I found myself able to stand and receive tion or the question of equality at all. But the congratulations of the company. "Now he had everything commendable to say of wash the blood off your head and hands, old Lincoln, the self-made railsplitter and back man," continued' the Southerner, "and we woodsman, the perfect pioneer type. TWO BOOKS "In Black and While: An interpretation of Southern Life." is the insistance that "Thousands of slave By L. H. Hammond. owners, like my own parents, thought slav- F. H. Revel Co., N. Y., 1914. 244 pages. ery wrong, and confidently expected the MRS. HAMMOND has written an unus- time, not far distant, when the states would ual book. It is the attempt of a south themselves abolish it. The South did not ern white woman to apply the modern phil fight for slavery." anthropic attitude to the race relations of the South. All this is new. Usually the The book is composed of eight chapters. southern white woman is dumb and "pretty." The first is a passionate call to the South When she has applied her intelligence to the for a humanitarian outlook: race problem it has been to utter the most "Are we the only folk on earth responsible reactionary thoughts. It has been quite the for a 'submerged tenth?' But if the bur fashion, too, to consider the southern race den is not peculiar? If it is our part of a problem as so exceptional as to have practi world-wide task? If everywhere men living cally nothing in common with problems of under such conditions as do the majority of labor and uplift elsewhere. "You know we our Negroes are reacted upon by their en have no working class in the South," said vironment just as the Negroes are? If we one white girl student, innocently. have mistakenly counted our poverty line Mrs. Hammond speaks from curious van and our color line as one?" tage ground. Her husband is the southern She insists on the essential humanity of white president of a colored school—an ex all races: ceptional position and very trying. It was "Skins differ in color, heads are shaped reported that when his acceptance of this differently; one man's mind runs ahead of position was announced, a large part of his his sympathies, perhaps, and another man's fashionable Nashville audience arose and mind may creep while his emotional nature left the church. runs rampant. But under all outward dif Mrs. Hammond herself was the daughter ferences their fundamental humanity is as of liberal parents, slaveholders, but not be much the same as is the earth under the lievers in slavery. She grew up with broad mountain and the hill." sympathies and saw the best side of slavery. She says of "race pride": One of the few debatable points in her book "Life does not develop towards uniform- TWO BOOKS 13 lty, but towards richness of variety in a they must live in the white people's vice unity of beauty and service. Unless the Race district"?' " of Man contradicts all known laws of life "We have no right to treat people like it will develop in the same way; and whether that. In one large southern city, with high white, or yellow, or black, they who guard taxes and a big revenue and an expensive their own racial integrity, in a spirit of health department, a white friend of mine brotherhood free from all other racial scorn, counted one morning twelve dead cats and will most truly serve the Race to which all dogs, in various stages of decomposition, in belong." one short Negro alley. It was not an un Other chapters take up specific evils: the common sight, except that the corpses were injustice of southern courts and industrial rather numerous. The outhouses are vile relations, and the shame of the "Jim-Crow" beyond description, a menace not merely to car. Her husband tells her of his travel the Negroes but to the entire community. with a colored colleague. The wdiite man Yet if a Negro tries to buy a home in a was exhausted even with sleeping cars, din healthful part of town we think his one ing rooms, and decent day coaches, but the motive is to thrust himself upon us, socially, colored man! just as far as he dares." " 'How Gilbert stands it, physically or re She touches the care of children and the ligiously, I cannot see,' he said. 'He goes awful canker of southern criminal methods. half the time without lying down to sleep. She calls for service and co-operation be If I were not with him, to dash into some tween white and black in social uplift work. white restaurant and buy him a cup of coffee She asks white and colored women to stand and something to eat, he would often go together in mutual defense and finally she hungry.' " visions the Great Adventure of those "who The author particularly emphasizes the walk in love." need of better housing and surroundings for It is a fine book. It spells "Negro" with Negroes and she slaps Mr. Washington's a capital: counsels of contentment with a ghetto full "In obedience to the rule which requires in the face with this: all race-names to begin with a capital letter, "When by their own efforts a few Negroes e. g., Indian, Teuton, Zulu, Maori, Anglo- secure a respectable neighborhood, families Saxon, Filipino, etc., etc." of the better class building up a little com The book has, of course, its little faults— munity of their own, they are peculiarly a tendency to emphasize philanthropy rather liable to have saloons and houses of ill-fame than self-expression, and evident limited thrust upon them by a low class of whites knowledge of the better classes of colored whom the upper classes do not restrain. folk; but then these detract but little from The Negro owner of a city home, whatever an author whose earnestness and sincerity his education or business success, whatever and human breadth stands out splendidly. the sum invested in his property, cannot be sure, from month to month, of retaining for his family surroundings compatible with "Industrial Conditions Among: Negroes in St. Louis." By W. A. Crossland. (Washington Univer moral health and safety." sity Studies in Social Economics, Vol. I, No. 1.) 75 • She goes on to say: cents. " 'If you white people could only under Mr. Crossland's study of St. Louis' col stand,' a Negro woman said to me not long ored people, which inaugurates a series of ago, her face fired with feeling. 'We don't social studies, is very well done. It is con want our homes where we're not wanted. cise, readable, and the author knows his sub But we want to be decent, too. And it's the ject. We can best give an idea of the work same all over the country—anything will do by quoting his more important findings. for a "nigger." You think we're all alike, "There are five colored districts, two of and you don't care what happens to us just them located in the very heart of the city. as we're out of your sight. My husband and Housing conditions are bad, over-crowding I were living in Denver; and we had money is common, but to no greater extent than to pay for a comfortable house. But there exists in districts peopled by other races wasn't a place for rent to Negroes that a living on the same economic plane. Two of self-respecting Negro would have. And how the residence districts are very desirable, will my people ever learn to be decent if both as to their location and the character 44 THE CRISIS of the dwellings. The Negro wage-earning tributed by the women; over nine-tenths of population is composed of 17,348 males and this income is earned and expended by the 7,758 females, 10 years of age and over. unskilled Negro laborers, who live on a low An interesting feature of the population was economic plane. A noteworthy fact is the the few wage-earners from 10 to 16 years ability of colored men to vary their occupa of age, due to the exclusion of Negro boys tions to suit conditions. Scanty data from and girls from factory work. the State Free Employment Bureau gave the "Over 226 different occupations were Negro a good work record. There are very found in which Negroes were engaged. The limited means open to the Negro for secur occupations naturally fall into the following ing employment through the labor agencies. groups: Professional, Business, Clerical, The unskilled Negro problem is only a part Personal Service, Artisan, Factory, Common of that greater city problem, namely, the Labor, Boys and Women. Another division bettering of the industrial conditions of the of groups may be made by taking the first poor. three of those who earn their bread by men "The professional, business and clerical tal toil, and the remaining six groups as workers were considered together as they those who live by manual toil. Nine-tenths earn their livelihood by mental toil. The of all the wage-earners are found within the first group are the best paid members of last four groups. If the artisan group is the colored race. Most of them are well included, the percentage rises to 96. Here is prepared in their chosen fields and compare where the great mass of Negro wage-earners favorably with professional workers among are to be found, engaging in unskilled occu the whites. pations, none of which, with the exception "The business group has greater possibili of the factory group, offer any great pos ties for growth. The large majority of busi sibility of advancement. The great problem ness enterprises have sprung up within the in cities is to better the economic condition last ten years. Approximately a quarter of of this unskilled nine-tenths. Barely four a million dollars is invested in St. Louis' per cent, of Negro workers earn their living colored enterprises, and this capital is dis by mental toil. An encouraging shifting of tributed through many fields and not massed Negro wage-earners from group to group in a few lines of business. Entrepreneurs was detected. The factory and common started with small capital and within a com labor groups have grown at the expense of paratively short time have built up their the personal service group, which includes business to respectable proportions. The es the least desirable occupations of all. Still timated yearly sales are in excess of $1,000,- personal service claims 37 per cent., consid 000, or about eight or nine per cent, of the erably over one-third of the total number of estimated annual earnings of the colored wage earners. The percentages for the other people of St. Louis. Indications show that groups are: Factory, 20.3; common labor, business growth will be more rapid in the 29.1; boys, 6.2; artisan, 3.0; clerical, 1.7: future than in the past. business, l.S; professional, 0.5. The great est chance to advance is to be found in the "The lowest paid and least desirable group factory and artisan groups. is composed of the personal service workers. "Wage statistics showed that the average Aside from the Pullman and hotel service weekly wage for different groups were: the workers are engaged in menial, disagree Professional, $29.76; business, $16.50; cleri able tasks. The group is declining, probably cal, $19.26; artisan, $16.45; personal service, losing its members to the factory and com $10.86; factory, $13.76; common labor, mon labor groups. There is practically no $13.86; boys, $5.34; women, $5.88. Over chance for advancement in any occupation three-fourths of the colored male workers of the group. receive an average weekly wage under "The most skillful and well paid of all $15.00; one-half of them average under the manual laborers are the artisan workers. $12.00. An estimate based on all available They are composed mainly of building labor data showed that the total yearly earnings ers and chauffeurs. The number in the of St. Louis' colored wage earners totaled group could be increased if colored labor approximately $12,000,000, and certainly were more largely utilized through the much in excess of eleven million. Of this agency of an employment bureau, similar to> amount two and one-tenth millions were con the one in operation in Kansas City. Addi-- THE BURDEN 45 tions to the group are few because of the Journal of Insanity for April, 1914. Dr. hostility of white labor unions." Fuller's standing as a scientist is equal to that of Dr. C. H. Turner of St. Louis, and m yet J. McKeen Cattell says in Science (Vol. The excellent work of Dr. S. C. Fuller, 39, No. 1004, P. 5), "There is not a single the pathologist of the Westboro Insane Asy mulatto who has done creditable scientific lum, Massachusetts, is further shown by his work." latest pamphlet on "Amyloid Degeneration Of course, Mr. Cattell did not know, etc., of the Brain," reprinted from the American etc. But it was his business to know. THE BURDEN South Carolina, Oct. 7, 1914. our 15 bales of cotton at 10 cents per Dear Mr. Editor: pound1? If you can, or if you cannot, you In addressing this letter to you I am en will confer a great favor on me to even deavoring to find a friend who is willing to just write a letter of encouragement in aid a worthy one in need. I do not feel that answer to this. this letter will interest you very much, as, This is not intended for publication, but no doubt, you have already received many should you desire to do so, please withhold such letters. my name and oblige, But I realize that there is always a possi Yours sincerely, bility of an honest effort being crowned with success. Hence, my determination to con tinue. I am not asking alms. I am simply P. S.—The buy-a-bale movement that is seeking aid to carry me over this crisis, advertised so extensively, does not reach we which you will better understand when I ex colored people at all. We do not and need plain further on. The situation is this: I not expect any help from that source. am sole owner of 110 acres of good farming Whatever happens, I will be glad to write land in Cokesburg Township, Greenwood yon more in detail if you so desire. County, this State, 50 acres of which I bought three years ago. I have made im provements on the place to the amount of COLORED MEN AND WOMEN several hundred dollars, including the drill ing of an artisian well, building fences, barn LYNCHED WITHOUT TRIAL and dwelling house, besides live stock and 1885 78 1900 107 farming implements. I have been compeled 1886 71 1901 107 to borrow money to do this. And the last 1887 80 1902 86 three years have been very unfavorable" on 1888 95 1903 86 account of droughts. Now we can get only 1889 95 1904 83 7 cents per pound for cotton, which this 1890 90 1905 61 year cost me 9 cents to make, not counting 1891 121 1906 64 my own time. Our notes will be due soon 1892 155 1907 60 and unless we can get aid from somewhere, 1893 154 1908 93 will be compelled to give our cotton away 1894 134 1909 73 for 7 cents, though it would little more than 1895 112 1910 65 pay the interest. I want to give some one 1896 80 1911 63 who will give me a chance to pay him, a 1897 122 1912 63 mortgage on all of my belongings for suffi 1898 102 1913 79 cient money to pay off my indebtedness. 1899 84 1914. 9 months.. 35 Can you point me to such a one? Or, can you point me to one or many who will buy Total 2,698 46 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE AND HAIR DRESSING Kelsey's Hair Dressing, Hair Grower, Scalp Tonic and Face Lotion have no equal. Price, 50c. each. Guaranteed under Food and Drug Act, June 30, 1906. Manicuring, Shampooing, Hair Dressing, Marcel Wav ing. Facial and Body Massage, Hair Making, Chiropody, etc., scientifically taught. Unlimited practice in parlor KELSEY'S day and night. Pupils taught at home, if desired. Telephone, Morningside 8162 • Diplomas. Special Summer Course, $7.50 up. Send for 143 West 131st St. booklet. Mme. A. Carter Kelsey, Gen'l Instr.; Dr. Samuel NEW YORK A. Kelsey, Chiropodist, President and Gen'l Manager. 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LANDENBERGER B. F. BOWLES, Manager 3741 Windsor Place -:- St. Louis. Mo. 2739 CONVERSE AVE. EAST ST. LOUIS. ILL. The Poems of Phillis Wheatley The Crisis Calendar for 1915 the early Negro poetess collected by Containing a quotation from a Negro writer for RICHARD R. WRIGHT, JR., and each week in the new year and historic dates in CHARLOTTE CROGMAN WRIGHT each month which will be of especial interest to and arranged in an attractive volume suitable for a Xmas gift. you. Price, One Dollar Price. Twenty-five Cents THE CRISIS THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue :: :: :: New York 70 Fifth Avenue :; :: New York TEACHERS—ATTENTION! Competent teachers can secure good positions in the South. The demand for teachers who can hold positions as Principals or Department Heads is greatly in excess of the supply. We make it our business to find the place for you that you have prepared yourself to fill. Send stamp for further information with registration blank and contract. 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I want honest men of determination who are ambitious to succeed, and I will teach such a man all he needs to know to handle the business successfully. If you are one of the thousands of slaves to the pay-check, grinding away the best years of your life for some other man's profit, let me show you how to embark in a business that should free you for ever from this grinding, body-wracking wage slavery. Let me show you the way to financial independence and happiness. A few dollars starts you. Then by putting1 your profits each week back into the business you should grow rapidly. 1 show you how to make a start with just a few dollars and the postman should soon wear a path to your door laden with letters, orders, and moneyed mail. All branches of photography taught. Yon Need No Office. Your Own Home Will Do. m The beauty of it all is, you need no office, Terms reasonable. Service efficient. no expensive office equipment. You don't even need to quit your regular job; just Three courses: Amateur, intermediate, work in your own home, evenings, spare time, etc. Let your wife, sister, mother or professional. REGISTER NOW. relatives help you. You need no outside help. Think of it! A chance to build up a 3519 So. STATE STREET CHICAGO, III. big, successful, mail-order business right at home in your spare time. Isn't that great? Telephone Douglass 6688 Isn't that wonderful? RISE, GO ON AND UP! The road is clear. A glorious future summons you to the battle of bet terment. Pare on, you whose souls are bruised with past defeats. Twist your frown into a smile, because fortune awaits you N< >W. Let me show you bow to BE more, DO more. HAVE more in this life. Don't bea WISHER and a HOPER and a HESITATOR, held down by foolish doubts and empty fears. Don't be timid, clinging; with a drowning HOTEL COMFORT AND CAFE man's grasp to your slender salary, just because you think money-making is a mystery that you can never learn. I will do my level best to put you on the quick road Open all the Year to independence and show you how to get a look-in at lux ury and happiness. Don't be a boss-seared, job-hugging, wage-cowed slave; stop doing the dull drudge lock-step to Corner Second Street and Bay Avenue and from work. Let me set off the sky-rocket of your ambition NOW. Pardon my plain talk, but plain talk, like Ocean City, New Jersey the arnica yon put on a burn, stings like blazes but goes straight to the spot. Plain talk stings good men to action; prods their pride and puts them on the primrose pathway Mrs. M. • B. Comfort, Proprietress. to prosperity. Beautiful location, fine view of Great Make Profits For Yourself—Not For Others. Start Now. Write me at once and begin pulling out Egg Harbor Bay, the Inlet and the At of 1 he wage rut. 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Ohio Wants Colored Entertainers $5000.00 IN PREMIUMS PROFITABLE SPARE TIME WORK Colored agents wanted to take orders for our high Write R. R. WRIGHT, President, SAVANNAH, GA grade calling cards. Big demand everywhere. Ex clusive territory. Write now for samples and terms. THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING. Indianapolis. Ind. iAgents $60 WEEKLY e&EgP Robinson Folding Bath Tub. Big seller. Costs little, 1111 plumbing, litte water. Weight 15 pounds, DO YOU BUY BOOKS? T^^^^folds Into small roll. Full length baths, far better than ten tubs guaranteed 10 years. $10 a day easily made. Write for freetu b offer. Robinson Cabinet Mfg. Co., 334 factories Bldg.,Tolodo,O. See Special "List, Page 51 Mention Tm CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 49 To the Masonic Fraternity The CRISIS has the honor to announce the publication of the most important book on Negro Masonry since Upton's epoch-making work; and the only book written by an au thority from our own point of view. THE AUTHOR is George W. Crawford, 32° A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk of the Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr. Crawford is one of the best informed masons in the country. THE BOOK is Prince Hall and His Followers And is a carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the United States, with notes and documents. READY NOW Price One Dollar. Postage Extra. ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York Mention THE CRISIS 50 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER LEGAL DIRECTORY PERSONAL CARDS Telephone 5277 Morningside /Central 104-W Telephones: (Main 61 DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS HARRY E. DAVIS SURGEON DENTIST ATTORNEY-AT-LAW NOTARY PUBLIC 188 W. 135th Street New York City 1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio WILLIAM L. BELL ARCHITECT Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market 138 1/2 Auburn Avenue Atlanta, Ga. Kesidence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market GEORGE A. DOUGLAS COUNSELOR-AT-LAW E. ALDAMA JACKSON Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church Teacher of Theory and Piano Theory course embraces elementary and advanced General Practice Notary Public Harmony or Counterpoint. Private or Class Work WILLIAM R. MORRIS Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW 1020 Metropolitan Life Building Minneapolis Minn. J. E. ORMES ACCOUNTANT BROWN S. SMITH Audits Systems ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Business information by mail. Open for Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block engagements July and August Box 25, Wilberforce University Near Third and Hennepin Wilberforce, O. Minneapolis Minn. GEORGE W. MITCHELL Telephone 4214 Greeley ATTORNEY-AT-LAW 908 Walnut Street BRANIC'S EXPRESS Philadelphia Pa. ANDREW J. BRANIC, PROPRIETOR Packing and Shipping—Goods Forwarded to All Parts of the World Orders by mail or 'phone receive prompt attention. Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben Trunks stored, 25c. per month. EDGAR P. BENJAMIN 459 Seventh Avenue New York ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW 34 School Street Boston, Mass. WANTED Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work. Telephone Connection 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen HAWKINS & McMECHEN ATTORN EYS-AT-LAW 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. Phones: Office, Bell 4059; New 420-M Residence, New 733-A THOS. E. GREENE, JR. ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW Mak e $35 to $65 a week show- NOTARY PUBLIC ing this great Tailor-Book. , Goods so much finer andprice s Maloney Block Youngstown, Ohio SO much lower, everyone sees the difference at a glance. Special Offer To prove our unequal led quality, B. F. BOOTH we will let you order at the wholesale price, a Sample Suit or ATTORNEY-AT-LAW even a pair of pants as low as $2.48 57 N. Second Street —and no extra charges even forthe biggest peg top styles. You can Memphis Tenn. now make more quick money and buy your own fine tailored clothes cheaper than you ever thought possile We prepay the charges on every order and don't keep a cent of any customer's money unless he is well pleased. Lot us send you this fine sample outfit and show you how to take the most perfect measures for the finest tailoring on the market. Write . THOMAS W. HOLMES The Chicago Tailors' Association ATTORNEY AT LAW Dept. 94 1 • Van Buren and Market Sts.. CHICAGO 43 1/2 Decatur Street Atlanta. Georgia Mention THE CRISIS A Selected List of Books These prices do not include postage. Postage extra. THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE. (W. E. B. DU Bois) $1.35 HOUSE BEHIND THE CEDARS. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50 HAZEL. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. (Anonymous)..... 1.20 LYRICS OF LOWLY LIFE. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25 THE MARROW OF TRADITION. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50 THE SPORT OF THE GODS. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50 NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50 A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50 SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25 RACE ADJUSTMENT. (Kelly Miller) 2.00 HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25 HALF A MAN. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 MIND OF PRIMITIVE MAN. (Franz Boas) 1.50 AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair) 1.50 JOHN BROWN. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 1.25 NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25 PRINCE HALL AND HIS FOLLOWERS. (George W. Crawford) 1.00 LIBERIA. (Frederick Starr) 1.00 FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. (John R. Lynch) 1.50 STORY OF THE NEGRO. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00 MASTERPIECES OF NEGRO ELOQUENCE. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50 POEMS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 2.00 THE AFRICAN ABROAD. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00 AFRO-AMERICAN FOLKSONGS. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00 OUT OF THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE. (Kelly Miller) 1.50 THE COLORED INVENTOR. (Henry E. Baker) 15 A CHILD'S STORY OF DUNBAR. (Julia L. Henderson) 25 Address THE CRISIS 70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City Mention THE CRISIS Provident Hospital and Training School for Colored Nurses Aim: To keep its technic equal to the best Founded 1891 The first training school for colored nurses in this country, Freedman's excepted. Comprises a training school for nurses, hospital, dispensary, and thoroughly equipped children's depart ment; when funds are ample, post graduate work may be undertaken. The hospital is open to all. The races co-operate in the board of trustees, in the medical staff and in administration; the institution is the only one of its kind in which a colored man may act as interne. Cost of buildings and equipment, $100,000; free from debt. Endowment, $50,000, contributed mostly by wills made by colored men. Additional en dowment needed, $50,000. The nurses' course covers three years; training and instruction given by both races, according to the highest 36th and Dearborn Sts., Chicago, ILL. modern standards. 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