DOCSLIB.ORG

Afro-Latino Language Attitudes and Identity in the United States and Latin America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Afro-Latino Language Attitudes and Identity in the United States and Latin America © Copyright Arielle Lanae Akines May, 2019 AFRO-LATINO LANGUAGE ATTITUDES AND IDENTITY IN THE UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICA ___________________________________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the DepartMent of Hispanic Studies University of Houston ___________________________________ In Partial FulfillMent of the RequireMents for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ___________________________________ By Arielle Lanae Akines May, 2019 AFRO-LATINO LANGUAGE ATTITUDES AND IDENTITY IN THE UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICA ___________________________________ An Abstract of a Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the DepartMent of Hispanic Studies University of Houston ___________________________________ In Partial FulfillMent of the RequireMents for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ___________________________________ By Arielle Lanae Akines May, 2019 ii ABSTRACT This research project sought to collectively study the identity and linguistic attitudes of Afro- Latinos in the diaspora and in the homeland. The diaspora being the United States and the homeland being Latin AMerica and Bogotá, Colombia. This study eMploys Tabouret-Keller’s (1998) concepts on language as acts of identity and Toribio’s (2006) model which incorporates race and ethnicity as factors that play a role in how language and identity work together. The participants in this study represent only a sMall population of Afro-Latinos from diverse socioeconomic and educational backgrounds. The interviews included in this project are an authentic reflection of Afro-Latinos living in and outside of the United States. These first-hand experiences allow Afro-Latinos to be heard and reflect on their truths as Black Latinos. It offers a panoraMic view on Afro-Latino language attitudes, their identity, relationships with other Latinos and Black peoples, and their connection to Latin AMerica. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my Mother, Deborah J. Akines: This is for you! You have been my rock. You have run this race with me and have always been in my corner. I was able to complete this journey because of you. Thank you for every sacrifice and for teaching me to do the hard things. I love you. We did it! To my brothers, Anthony and Armani, and faMily, thank you for believing in me, supporting me, and praying for me. To my niece and nephews Zi’Hire, Zariah, and Zayne: you all are my heart. You have no idea how much your hugs, beautiful sMiling faces, and “I love you’s” have helped me to this point. You can be anything you want to be! To my dissertation comMittee, I cannot express my sincere appreciation to you enough. To Dr. Gutiérrez: Thank you. You have been a constant each step of the way. Thank you for your encourageMent, your constant input, dedication to this project and mentorship. Dr. Fairclough: your support has been invaluable. You were always there to answer my questions, to ask me how I was doing, and to cheer me along the way. I have learned so much from you and I will never forget your kindness. Dr. Balestra: thank you for your constant support, your feedback, and for believing in my project. I appreciate you. Dr. Wheeler: thank you for your dedication to this project. Even from a distance, your support has been paraMount. To the Balanta-Castilla FaMily: Thank you for welcoming me into your home and country with open arms. My tiMe in Colombia was more iMpactful because of you. To Nevis, gracias por apoyarme y ayudarme. Le agradezco mucho. To my undergraduate mentor, Dr. Moore, and my M.A. Texas State Mentors, Dr. Beale- Rivaya and Dr. Dunaway you have been instrumental in this process. Thank you for dedicating your tiMe and knowledge. iv To my friends and AFC faMily: thank you so so so much for your prayers and support. Lastly and most iMportantly, thank you to the participants of this study! You made this project possible. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………… ……..……..1 1.1Theoretical FraMework ……………………………………………………………..13 1.2 Importance of the Study…………………………………………………………… 16 1.3 Overview of the Dissertation……………………………………….……………… 18 Chapter 2 Literature Review …………………………………………………………………. 20 2.1 Identity and Language……………………………………………………………… 20 2.2 Sociolinguistic Data Collection and Identity…………………..…………………… 25 2.3 Ethnic and Racial Identity…………………………………………………………. 27 2.4 Language Attitudes…………………………………………………………………. 33 2.5 Language Attitudes in Latin AMerica……………………………………………… 46 Chapter 3 Methodology………………………………………………………………………… 55 3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………….…………………………55 3.2 The Pilot Study……………………………………...……………………………… 55 3.3 The Present Study…………………………………...……………………………… 60 3.3.1 Instruments …………………………………………...……………………………64 3.3.2 Data Collection and Analysis ………………………...……………………………72 3.4 Indications of the Pilot Study and Adaptations for The Present Study…...………… 75 4. Chapter 4 Data Results and Analysis -United States Afro-Latinos………………………….. 77 4.1 Identity……………………………………………………………………………… 77 4.2 Social Media and Afro-Latino Identity…………………...………………………… 80 4.3 Language, Afro-Latinos, and Phenotypes…..………..……………………………… 84 vi 4.4 United States Afro-Latino Language Attitudes ……………..………………………93 4.4.1 Identity and Language as Power……………………………..…………………… 93 4.4.2 Interethnic Attitudes: Afro-Latino Attitudes Towards Spanish and Other Latinos 95 4.4.3 Intraethnic Attitudes: Towards English and African-AMericans…………………106 4.4.4 Afro-Latinos and African AMericans…………………………………………… 113 4.5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 119 Chapter 5 Afro-Latino Identity and Language Attitudes in Colombia……………………… 122 5.1 Identity…………………………………………………………………………… 123 5.2 Language and Identity……………………………...……………………………… 135 5.3 Hair Ethnicity Markers…………………….……………………………………….137 5.4 Afro-Colombian Interethnic Attitudes……..……………………………………… 139 5.5 Spanish Language Attitudes…………………………………………….………… 143 5.6 Afro-Colombian Intraethnic Attitudes………………………………….………… 147 5.7 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 158 Chapter 6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………... 161 6.1 Principal Findings of the Study……………...……………...……………………… 163 6.1.1 Identity…………………………………………...……………………………… 161 6.1.2 Interethnic Attitudes………………………………………………...…………… 164 6.1.3 Intraethnic Attitudes …………………………………………...…………………164 6.2 Suggestions Derived from This Research………………………………………… 165 6.3 LiMitations of the Study…………………………………………………………… 167 6.4 RecomMendations for Future Research…………………………………………… 168 Appendices………………..…………………………………………………………………… 170 vii References……………………………………………………………………………………... 178 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Afro-descendants in Latin AMerica………………………………………………… 4 Figure 2. Garifunas in Honduras……………………………………………………………… 6 Figure 3. Miss Rizos……………………………………………………………………………7 Figure 4. Hispanic Population by Race and Ethnicity………………………………………… 9 Figure 5. 24% Afro-Latinos in the U.S. ……………………………………………………….10 Figure 6. Afro-Latino Attitudes ……………………………………………………………….39 Figure 7. Latin AMerican Origin by Country ………………………………………………….61 Figure 8. Map of Colombia ……………………………………………………………………63 Figure 9. Latin AMerican Speakers by Origin …………………………………………………64 Figure 10. I Identify with African-AMerican Culture ………………………….………………71 Figure 11. It is IMportant to Speak English ……………………………………….……………71 Figure 12. I aM Proud to Be an Afro-descendant ………………………………………………79 Figure 13. There are Many Afro-Latinos in the United States………………………………… 80 Figure 14. AMara La Negra ……………………………………………….……………………86 Figure 15. I’ve Had a Bad Experience Due to the Color of My Skin ….………………………88 Figure 16. Lighter Skin is More Beautiful ………………………………………..……………90 Figure 17. Tenemos que mejorar la raza ………………….……………………………………92 Figure 18. I Feel Comfortable Speaking Spanish in Public ……………………………………96 Figure 19. Latino Identity and Speaking Spanish ………………………………………………98 Figure 20. I Like My Spanish ………………………….………………………………………100 Figure 21. I Like the Spanish Spoken in my City ……………….……………………………101 Figure 22. I Like the Spanish Spoken in my Country …………………………………………104 ix Figure 23. My Kids Will Speak Spanish ………………………………………………………105 Figure 24. I Feel AMerican ………………….…………………………………………………108 Figure 25. I Must Speak English as an AMerican ……………………...………………………108 Figure 26. I Feel Pressured to Speak English ……………………….…………………………109 Figure 27. I Prefer to Speak English……………………………...…………………………… 110 Figure 28. It is Important to Speak English ……………………………………………………111 Figure 29. My Kids Will Speak English……………….……………………………………… 111 Figure 30. I Like Spanglish …………………………………….………………………………112 Figure 31. I Speak Spanglish ………………………………..…………………………………113 Figure 32. I Identify with African AMericans …………………………………………………116 Figure 33. I Identify with African AMerican Culture ……….…………………………………117 Figure 32. I Have African AMerican Friends ………….………………………………………118 Figure 33. Racial Identity of Afro-Colombians …………………..……………………………124 x LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Spanish as it Relates to Ethnicity……………………………………………………… 43 Table 2. Dialects in Colombia…………………………………………………….……………. 48 Table 3. Number of Speakers in Each Group……………………………………...…………… 60 Table 4. Afro-Latinos per U.S. City……………………………………………………………. 62 xi DEDICATION I aM standing on the shoulders of giants, my dear grandparents, Howard and Ruth, who I reMeMber every day. I went all the way Grandma. Just like we promised. 1 “Y bendigo al cielo porque quiso Dios que negro azabache fuese mi color Y ya comprendí AL FIN Ya tengo la llave NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO NEGRO ¡ Negra soy ¡” (Me gritaron negra, Victoria Santa Cruz) 1. INTRODUCTION
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity in the City
    Marco Martiniello, Brigitte Piquard Diversity in the City HumanitarianNet Thematic Network on Humanitarian Development Studies Diversity in the City Diversity in the City Edited by Marco Martiniello Brigitte Piquard University of Liège University of Louvain 2002 University of Deusto Bilbao No part of this publication, including the cover design, may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by and means, whether electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, recording or photocopying, without prior permission or the publisher. Publication printed in ecological paper Illustration of front page: Xabi Otero © Universidad de Deusto Apartado 1 - 48080 Bilbao I.S.B.N.: 84-7485-789-9 Legal Deposit: BI - 349-02 Printed in Spain/Impreso en España Design by: IPAR, S. Coop. - Bilbao Printed by: Artes Gráficas Rontegui, S.A.L. Contents Preface . 9 Introduction Marco Martiniello (University of Liège) and Brigitte Piquard (University of Louvain) . 11 Ethnic diversity and the city Ceri Peach (University of Oxford) . 21 Citizenship and exclusion on Europe´s southern frontier: the case of El Ejido Almudena Garrido (University of Deusto) . 43 When de-segregation produces stigmatisation: ethnic minorities and urban policies in France Patrick Simon (Institut National d'Études Démographiques) . 61 The study of community development in the city. Diversity as a tool Ruth Soenen and Mac Verlot (University of Gent) . 95 The Latinisation of the United States: social inequalities and cultural obsessions James Cohen (University Paris-VIII) . 111 Western Europe in the Urban Gap Between Mobility and Migration Flows Barbara Verlic Christensen (University of Ljubljana) . 135 Diasporic identities and diasporic economies: the case of minority ethnic media Charles Husband (University of Bradford) .
    [Show full text]
  • A Retrospective Look at the Winding Paths to Legalizing Afro-Colombian Rights in Law 70 of 1993 Kiran Asher / University of Massachusetts, Amherst
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies Faculty Publication Series Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies 2016 A Retrospective Look at the Winding Paths to Legalizing Afro- Colombian Rights in Law 70 of 1993 Kiran Asher Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/wost_faculty_pubs ENSAYOS A Retrospective Look at the Winding Paths to Legalizing Afro-Colombian Rights in Law 70 of 1993 Kiran Asher / University of Massachusetts, Amherst Abstract Black communities in Colombia have gained remarkable national and global visibility in the last two decades thanks August 2013 marked twenty years since the passing of in part to Law 70 of 1993, which legally recognizes their Law 70, which legally recognizes the ethnic, territorial, and ethnic, territorial, and socioeconomic rights. The actual socioeconomic rights of black communities in Colombia. implementation and gains of Law 70 have been mixed at In the past two decades its implementation has been mixed best, and the political and economic status of most black at best, and the actual political and economic status of communities or “Afro-Colombians” as they began being most Afro-Colombians remains grim. Yet this flawed law called after the 1990s remains grim.1 Yet, this flawed and remains an important icon and political instrument of Afro- incomplete law in serves as an important icon and political Colombian struggles. A retrospective look at the processes instrument of Afro-Colombian rights. It also serves as a and peoples that led up to Law 70 may be useful in the model or inspiration to other Afro-Latino groups seeking context of ongoing Afro-Latin(o) struggles to obtain real and legal recognition of their rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Inclusion/Black Exclusion: Race, Ethnicity and Multicultural Citizenship in Latin America
    J. Lat. Amer. Stud. 37, 285–310 f 2005 Cambridge University Press 285 doi:10.1017/S0022216X05009016 Printed in the United Kingdom Indigenous Inclusion/Black Exclusion: Race, Ethnicity and Multicultural Citizenship in Latin America JULIET HOOKER Abstract. This article analyses the causes of the disparity in collective rights gained by indigenous and Afro-Latin groups in recent rounds of multicultural citizenship re- form in Latin America. Instead of attributing the greater success of indians in win- ning collective rights to differences in population size, higher levels of indigenous group identity or higher levels of organisation of the indigenous movement, it is argued that the main cause of the disparity is the fact that collective rights are adjudicated on the basis of possessing a distinct group identity defined in cultural or ethnic terms. Indians are generally better positioned than most Afro-Latinos to claim ethnic group identities separate from the national culture and have therefore been more successful in winning collective rights. It is suggested that one of the potentially negative consequences of basing group rights on the assertion of cultural difference is that it might lead indigenous groups and Afro-Latinos to privilege issues of cultural recognition over questions of racial discrimination as bases for political mobilisation in the era of multicultural politics. Introduction Latin America as a region exhibits high degrees of racial inequality and dis- crimination against Afro-Latinos and indigenous populations. This is true despite constitutional and statutory measures prohibiting racial discrimi- nation in most Latin American countries. In addition to legal proscriptions of racism, in the 1980s and 1990s many Latin American states implemented multicultural citizenship reforms that established certain collective rights for indigenous groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Questioning Whiteness: “Who Is White?”
    人間生活文化研究 Int J Hum Cult Stud. No. 29 2019 Questioning Whiteness: “Who is white?” ―A case study of Barbados and Trinidad― Michiru Ito1 1International Center, Otsuma Women’s University 12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 102-8357 Key words：Whiteness, Caribbean, Barbados, Trinidad, Oral history Abstract This paper seeks to produce knowledge of identity as European-descended white in the Caribbean islands of Barbados and Trinidad, where the white populations account for 2.7% and 0.7% respectively, of the total population. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted with 29 participants who are subjectively and objectively white, in August 2016 and February 2017 in order to obtain primary data, as a means of creating oral history. Many of the whites in Barbados recognise their interracial family background, and possess no reluctance for having interracial marriage and interracial children. They have very weak attachment to white hegemony. On contrary, white Trinidadians insist on their racial purity as white and show their disagreement towards interracial marriage and interracial children. The younger generations in both islands say white supremacy does not work anymore, yet admit they take advantage of whiteness in everyday life. The elder generation in Barbados say being white is somewhat disadvantageous, but their Trinidadian counterparts are very proud of being white which is superior form of racial identity. The paper revealed the sense of colonial superiority is rooted in the minds of whites in Barbados and Trinidad, yet the younger generations in both islands tend to deny the existence of white privilege and racism in order to assimilate into the majority of the society, which is non-white.
    [Show full text]
  • Twentieth-Century Latin American Literary Studies and Cultural Autonomy
    Studies in 20th Century Literature Volume 19 Issue 2 Article 5 6-1-1995 Twentieth-Century Latin American Literary Studies and Cultural Autonomy Naomi Lindstrom University of Texas at Austin Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/sttcl Part of the Latin American Literature Commons, and the Modern Literature Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Lindstrom, Naomi (1995) "Twentieth-Century Latin American Literary Studies and Cultural Autonomy," Studies in 20th Century Literature: Vol. 19: Iss. 2, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.4148/2334-4415.1371 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in 20th Century Literature by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Twentieth-Century Latin American Literary Studies and Cultural Autonomy Abstract Since the 1920s, when scholars first began ot specialize in Latin American writing, the subject of Latin American literary studies has grown from a small subset of Spanish and Portuguese literary research and teaching to become the largest field within Hispanism and a significant esencepr in comparative literature. The expansion of their place in the academic world has often prompted students of Latin American literature to wonder whether, in being swept into the mainstream, their field has not left out of account the historical situations of Latin American nations. These reflections lead critics back ot a problem that has troubled Latin American thinkers since Independence: the achievement, or erosion, of cultural autonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-American Court on Human Rights
    INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ADVISORY OPINION OC-23/17 OF NOVEMBER 15, 2017 REQUESTED BY THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS (STATE OBLIGATIONS IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROTECTION AND GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS TO LIFE AND TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY: INTERPRETATION AND SCOPE OF ARTICLES 4(1) AND 5(1) IN RELATION TO ARTICLES 1(1) AND 2 OF THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS) the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (hereinafter “the Inter-American Court” or “the Court”), composed of the following judges: Roberto F. Caldas, President Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot, Vice President Eduardo Vio Grossi, Judge Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto Judge Elizabeth Odio Benito, Judge Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni, Judge, and L. Patricio Pazmiño Freire, Judge also present, Pablo Saavedra Alessandri, Secretary, and Emilia Segares Rodríguez, Deputy Secretary, pursuant to Article 64(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter “the American Convention” or “the Convention”) and Articles 70 to 75 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court (hereinafter “the Rules of Procedure”), issues the following advisory opinion, structured as follows: - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PRESENTATION OF THE REQUEST ........................................................................................ 4 II. PROCEEDING BEFORE THE COURT ...................................................................................... 6 III. JURISDICTION AND ADMISSIBILITY .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • If You Are Going to Say You're Afro-Latina That Means That You Are Black
    “If you are going to say you’re Afro-Latina that means that you are Black”: Afro-Latinxs Contesting the Dilution of Afro-Latinidad Rene Ayala Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Final Research Paper 15 May 2019 Ayala 1 The second half of the 2010’s has brought an increase in the visibility of, and conversations about, Afro-Latinx identity in the United States. Afro-Latinx, in its simplest definition, is a term that describes Latin Americans and Latin American Descendants who are of African Descent. While Afro-Latinidad as a concept and an identity has existed for decades, both in Latin America and the United States, the current decade has brought many advances in terms of the visibility of Afro-Latinidad and Afro-Latinx people in the United States. Univision, one of the five main Spanish language news channels targeted towards Latinxs living the United States, in late 2017 promoted Ilda Calderon, an Afro-Colombian news anchor, to main news anchor on their prime-time news program Noticiero Univsion (Hansen 2017). This promotion makes her the first Afro-Latina to anchor the news in Univsion’s history as well as the first Afro-Latina to anchor in any major network in the U.S. The decision comes at the heel of the networks airing of Calderon’s interview with a Ku Klux’s Klan Leader in August of 2017 (Univision 2017). The interview was particularly interesting because it showed the complexities of Afro-Latinidad to their Latinx audience. The network has historically been criticized for their exclusion and erasure of Afro-Latinxs in both their coverage of news that occurs in Latin America and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage: Chain, Hierarchies and Conflicts
    Camilo Montoya-Guevara HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Central European University Budapest CEU eTD Collection May 2017 HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. by Camilo Montoya-Guevara (Colombia, Canada) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee Alexandra Kowalski Thesis Supervisor CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest Month YYYY HERITAGE: CHAIN, HIERARCHIES AND CONFLICTS AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE TIERRADENTRO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK AND NASA INDIGENOUS TERRITORY, COLOMBIA. by Camilo Montoya-Guevara (Colombia, Canada) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External
    [Show full text]
  • Racism and Race Mixture in Latin America
    Wade, P. Racism and Race Mixture in Latin America. Latin American Research Review. 2017; 52(3), pp. 477–485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.124 BOOK REVIEW ESSAY Racism and Race Mixture in Latin America Peter Wade University of Manchester, GB [email protected] This essay reviews the following works: Rethinking Race in Modern Argentina. Edited by Paulina Alberto and Eduardo Elena. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. xviii + 373. $120.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781107107632. Reimagining Black Difference and Politics in Brazil: From Racial Democracy to Multiculturalism. By Alexandre Emboaba Da Costa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. vii + 233. $105.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781137386335. Racial Subordination in Latin America: The Role of the State, Customary Law, and the New Civil Rights Response. By Tanya Katerí Hernández. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. vii + 247. $35.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107695436. The Color of Love: Racial Features, Stigma, and Socialization in Black Brazilian Families.By Elizabeth Hordge-Freeman. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 311. $29.95 paper. ISBN: 9781477307885. Blackness in the Andes: Ethnographic Vignettes of Cultural Politics in the Time of Multiculturalism. By Jean Muteba Rahier. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. ix + 243. $110.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781137272713. Land of the Cosmic Race: Race Mixture, Racism, and Blackness in Mexico. By Christina A. Sue. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Pp. ix + 234. $24.95 paper. ISBN: 9780199925506. Pigmentocracies: Ethnicity, Race, and Color in Latin America. By Edward Telles and the Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Afro-Colombians from Slavery to Displacement
    A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AND EXCLUSION: AFRO-COLOMBIANS FROM SLAVERY TO DISPLACEMENT A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Sascha Carolina Herrera, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. October 31, 2012 A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AND EXCLUSION: AFRO-COLOMBIANS FROM SLAVERY TO DISPLACEMENT Sascha Carolina Herrera, B.A. MALS Mentor: Kevin Healy, Ph.D. ABSTRACT In Colombia, the Afro-Colombian population has been historically excluded and marginalized primarily due to the legacy of slavery deeply embedded within contemporary social and economic structures. These structures have been perpetuated over many generations of Afro-Colombians, who as a result have been caught in a recurring cycle of poverty throughout their history in Colombia. In contemporary Colombia, this socio-economic situation has been exacerbated by the devastating effects of various other economic and social factors that have affected the Colombian society over half century and a prolonged conflict with extensive violence involving the Colombian state, Paramilitaries, and Guerrillas and resulting from the dynamics of the war on drugs and drug-trafficking in Colombian society. In addition to the above mentioned factors, Afro-Colombians face other types of violence, and further socio-economic exclusion and marginalization resulting from the prevailing official development strategies and U.S. backed counter-insurgency and counter-narcotics strategies and programs of the Colombian state. ii Colombia’s neo-liberal economic policies promoting a “free” open market approach involve the rapid expansion of foreign investment for economic development, exploitation of natural resources, and the spread of agro bio-fuel production such as African Palm, have impacted negatively the Afro-Colombian population of the Pacific coastal region.
    [Show full text]
  • United States of America
    United States of America Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review Ninth Session of the Working Group on the UPR Human Rights Council 1-12 November 2010 THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN COLOMBIA, HAITI AND PUERTO RICO Submitted by: International Committee of National Lawyers Guild, Proceso de Comunidades Negras de Colombia, AFRODES USA, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, and RightRespect Endorsed by: Organizations: American Association of Jurists; Colegio de Abogados (Puerto Rico); Human Rights Advocates; Human Rights Caucus of Northeastern University School of Law; Latin American and Caribbean Community Center; MADRE; Metro Atlanta Task Force for the Homeless; National Conference of Black Lawyers/Chicago; Public Interest Projects; Three Treaties Task Force of the Social Justice Center of Marin; You.Me.We. Individuals: Joyce Carruth; Andrea Hornbein (MassDecarcerate); Amol Mehra (RightRespect); Ramona Ortega (Cidadao Global); Ute Ritz-Deutch, Ph.D. (Tompkins County Immigrant Rights Coalition); Nicole Skibola (RightRespect); Standish E. Willis (NCBL) 1 Executive Summary U.S. foreign policy relationships and assistance to Colombia, Haiti and Puerto Rico have resulted in human rights violations in those countries. For 10 years, Plan Colombia, a U.S. aid program to the Colombian government, has been in effect. Until 2007, 80 % of the $6.7 billion has been spent on the military. This has resulted in massive loss of life, internal displacement, a food crisis and economic instability, particularly in indigenous and communities of Afro-descendents. We oppose the U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement and urge U.S. legislators to cease further military and fumigations operations and refuse to certify Colombia as being in compliance with human rights standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin@ Identity Politics in Higher Education: Unveiling Representations of Whiteness in Latin@ Culture Michael Benitez Jr
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2015 Latin@ identity politics in higher education: unveiling representations of whiteness in Latin@ culture Michael Benitez Jr. Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Chicana/o Studies Commons, Higher Education Administration Commons, Higher Education and Teaching Commons, and the Latina/o Studies Commons Recommended Citation Benitez, Michael Jr., "Latin@ identity politics in higher education: unveiling representations of whiteness in Latin@ culture" (2015). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14775. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14775 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Latin@ identity politics in higher education: Unveiling representations of whiteness in Latin@ culture by Michael Benitez Jr. A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Education (Educational Leadership) Program of Study Committee: Natasha Croom, Chair Brian D. Behnken Connie P. Hargrave Laura I. Rendón Manali J. Sheth Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2015 Copyright © Michael Benitez Jr., 2015. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my family for their ongoing support and love throughout the seven years it has taken me to complete this project. They have truly been there for me every step of the way.
    [Show full text]