DOCSLIB.ORG

Archivum Lithuanicum 7

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

I S S N 1 3 9 2 - 7 3 7 X I S B N 3-447-09440-0 Archivum Lithuanicum 7 1 2 Archivum Lithuanicum 7 KLAIPËDOS UNIVERSITETAS LIETUVIØ KALBOS INSTITUTAS ÐIAULIØ UNIVERSITETAS VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS VYTAUTO DIDÞIOJO UNIVERSITETAS ARCHIVUM Lithuanicum 7 HARRASSOWITZ VERLAG WIESBADEN 2005 3 Redaktoriø kolegija / Editorial Board: HABIL. DR. Giedrius Subaèius (filologija / philology), (vyriausiasis redaktorius / editor), UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO, LIETUVIØ KALBOS INSTITUTAS, VILNIUS DR. Ona Aleknavièienë (filologija / philology), LIETUVIØ KALBOS INSTITUTAS, VILNIUS HABIL. DR. Saulius Ambrazas (filologija / philology), LIETUVIØ KALBOS INSTITUTAS, VILNIUS DOC. DR. Roma Bonèkutë (filologija / philology), KLAIPËDOS UNIVERSITETAS PROF. DR. Pietro U. Dini (kalbotyra / linguistics), UNIVERSITÀ DI PISA DR. Jolanta Gelumbeckaitë (filologija / philology), HERZOG AUGUST BIBLIOTHEK, WOLFENBÜTTEL, LIETUVIØ KALBOS INSTITUTAS, VILNIUS DR. Birutë Kabaðinskaitë (filologija / philology), VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS PROF. HABIL. DR. Rûta Marcinkevièienë (filologija / philology), VYTAUTO DIDÞIOJO UNIVERSITETAS, KAUNAS DOC. DR. Bronius Maskuliûnas (filologija / philology), ÐIAULIØ UNIVERSITETAS DR. Jurgis Pakerys (filologija / philology), VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS DR. Christiane Schiller (kalbotyra / linguistics), MARTIN-LUTHER-UNIVERSITÄT HALLE-WITTENBERG, FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITÄT ERLANGEN-NÜRNBERG PROF. DR. William R. Schmalstieg (kalbotyra / linguistics), PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY MGR. Mindaugas Ðinkûnas (kalbotyra / linguistics), LIETUVIØ KALBOS INSTITUTAS, VILNIUS DOC. DR. Janina Ðvambarytë-Valuþienë (filologija / philology), ÐIAULIØ UNIVERSITETAS MGR. Jurgita Venckienë (filologija / philology), LIETUVIØ KALBOS INSTITUTAS, VILNIUS, VYTAUTO DIDÞIOJO UNIVERSITETAS, KAUNAS © Lietuviø kalbos institutas 4 Archivum Lithuanicum 7 Turinys (Contents) Archivum Lithuanicum 7 ¡ 7, 11 Straipsniai (Articles) Aleksas Girdenis Rankraðtinës Purpuros chronologiniai santykiai su 1759 metø Þyvatu ¡ 17 Birutë Kabaðinskaitë Diakritiniai þenklai Baltramiejaus Vilento Enchiridione ir Evangelijose bei Epistolose (1579): <f>, <ô>, <ò>, <ó> ¡ 45 Vincentas Drotvinas, Auðra Rimkutë Rankraðtiniai Kristijono Gotlybo Milkaus prieraðai jo þodyne Littauiµch=deutµches und Deutµch=littauiµches Wærter=Buch (1800) ¡ 67 Robertas Gedrimas Priesaginiai þiediniø augalø pavadinimai Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrëþos veikale Tayslós augumyynis (1843) ¡ 81 Jurgita Venckienë Trisdeðimt ðeði Aukso altoriaus maldaknygës leidimai (18851907): santykis su bendrinës kalbos raida ¡ 93 Daiva Litvinskaitë Kirilikos Evangelijø (Åâàíãåëiåñú, 1865) raðyba: Laurynas Ivinskis ir Jonas Kreèinskis ¡ 123 Anna Verschik The First Textbook of Lithuanian for Yiddish-speakers ¡ 139 Giedrius Subaèius Stanislovo Moravskio lietuviø kalba: 18501852 ¡ 155 Publikacijos (Publications) Mikas Vaicekauskas Motiejaus Valanèiaus draudimas perspausdinti Bromà (1864) ¡ 177 5 Turinys (Contents) 0 0 0 Recenzijos (Reviews) Jonas Palionis, XVIXVII a. lietuviðkø raðtø atrankinis þodynas, 2004 (JOLANTA GELUMBECKAITË) ¡ 209 Guido Michelini (par.), Lozorius Zengðtokas, Giesmes Chriksczionischkos ir Duchaunischkos ir jø ðaltiniai, 2004 (MINDAUGAS ÐINKÛNAS) ¡ 215 Pietro U. Dini, Bonifacas Stundþia (par.), Giacomo Devoto, Baltistikos raðtai. Scritti baltistici, 2004 (SAULIUS AMBRAZAS) ¡ 223 Liucija Citavièiûtë, Karaliauèiaus universiteto lietuviø kalbos seminaras. Istorija ir reikðmë lietuviø kultûrai, Senosios literatûros studijos, 2004 (WILLIAM R. SCHMALSTIEG) ¡ 229 Vacys Vaivada, Katalikø Baþnyèia ir Reformacija Þemaitijoje XVI a.: esminiai raidos bruoþai, 2004 (DEIMANTAS KARVELIS) ¡ 235 Jurgis Pakerys, XVI a. Maþosios Lietuvos spaudiniø miðriøjø ir priesaginiø veiksmaþodþiø daryba, 2005 (SAULIUS AMBRAZAS) ¡ 243 Diskusijos, apþvalgos, pastabos (Discussions, Surveys, Notes) Ona Aleknavièienë Rotunda, ðvabachas, fraktûra, antikva ir kursyvas lietuviðkuose XVI amþiaus spaudiniuose ¡ 249 Daiva Kriðtopaitienë Kristijono Donelaièio raðtø rengimo ir redagavimo principai: ankstesnieji ir 1977 bei 1994 metø leidimai ¡ 287 Ona Aleknavièienë, Laima Grumadienë Kompiuterinis ðriftas Palemonas filologams ¡ 303 Saulius Ambrazas Tarptautinë konferencija Kalbos istorija ir dialektologija: praeitis ir perspektyvos ¡ 327 Roma Bonèkutë Mokslinë konferencija Þemaitijoje, skirta Dionizo Poðkos 240-osioms gimimo metinëms paminëti ¡ 333 Giedrius Subaèius Iðorinës kalbos istorijos lubos ¡ 339 6 Archivum Lithuanicum 7 Archivum Lithuanicum 7 This year the seventh volume of Archivum Lithuanicum is not appearing just by itself it is being accompanied by an irregular Indices volume in which we have given a list of abbreviations and advice for authors. Aurelija TAMOÐIÛNAITË has prepared indexes of persons and places occurring in previous volumes. In the seventh volume of Archivum Lithuanicum an analysis of the nineteenth century writings of Lithuania Major predominates. A series of five articles is de- voted to this topic. In two of these articles Lowland Lithuanian texts are analyzed. Aleksas GIRDENIS, having compared in depth the Purpura manuscript with the Þyvatas book printed in the middle of the eighteenth century (1759), has established that the Purpura manuscript was not written in 1707, as the inscription on the title page shows, but considerably later, after the middle of the nineteenth century. He also demonstrates that the linguistic basis of the manuscript is the dialect of the Kretinga parish. Robertas GEDRIMAS, the winner of the Archivum Lithuanicum Robin Neumann scholarship (2003), investigates the suffixed names of flowering plants in the work Tayslós augumyynis (1843) by the Lowland Lithuanian Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrëþa. In order to create these names Pabrëþa seems to have used 25 suffixes, but only four were among the most productive: -ûnas (-ë), -utis (-ë), -ytë, -elis (-ë). Daiva LITVINSKAITË analyzes the 1865 Evangelijos, prepared in Cyrillic accord- ing to Juozapas Arnulfas Giedraitis New Testament (1816). Traditionally the one preparing the Evangelijos was thought to be Laurynas Ivinskis, but philological analysis leads one to think that in addition to Ivinskis Jonas Kreèinskis did a lot of work on it also. This is shown by individual characteristics of the writing of Russian letters. The writing of <ý> is very similar to that of Kreèinskis, but there also occur several examples with <ei>, which is characteristic only of Ivinskis. Jurgita VENCKIENË investigates the dialect and orthography of the thirty-six remaining editions of the prayer book Aukso altorius from the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. It turns out that for a long time, until the very beginning of the twentieth century in the editions of the prayer book the hierarchy of the Catholic Church held to the letters and sequences thereof <cz>, <sz>, <ù>, <w>, <aj>, <ej> traditionally used in religious texts. The letters <è>, <ð>, <v> and the digraphs <ai>, <ei> which had appeared in secular texts considerably 7 Archivum Lithuanicum 7 earlier (in the last decades of the nineteenth century) appeared in the prayer book only at the beginning of the twentieth century, i.e., they lagged behind by several years or more. Giedrius SUBAÈIUS tries to evaluate how well Stanislovas Moravskis (1802 1853) knew Lithuanian. Moravskis was a noble, a physician, a writer and the author of the famous remembrances of Vilnius (Keleri mano jaunystës metai Vilniuje; 18181825). From the names of some Lithuanian songs encountered in his manu- script Piesni (1852) and some notes (there have been established 151 Lithuanian words and a total of 269 cases of their use) one comes to the conclusion that Moravskis knew Lithuanian, but only superficially. Probably he could distinguish a number of words in a stream of speech, but he could hardly follow a connected discourse. Birutë KABAÐINSKAITË, Vincentas DROTVINAS and Auðra RIMKUTË, Daiva KRIÐTOPAITIENË are publishing here articles connected with the problems of East Prussian Lithuanistic texts. Kabaðinskaitë investigates the use of the diacritic signs (<f> and <ô>, <ò>, <ó>) in Baltramiejus Vilentas Enchiridionas and Evangelijos bei Epistolos (1579). The sign <f> is mostly used in place of the stressed or unstressed nasal [ø] and in place of stressed (occasionally unstressed) long [û]. The three diacritics above <o> apparently had the same function but for the most part the form <ô> was used. The most common case of the use of <o> with any diacritic was to denote the gen. sg. ending of certain monosyllabic pronouns. Drotvinas and Rimkutë review the notes of Kristijonas Milkus in two copies of the dictionary Littauiµch=deutµches und Deutµch=littauiµches Wærter=Buch (1800) which he himself had published and which are kept in the LMAB. 246 notes and 29 underlined words have been counted these were Milkus notes for himself. These show what Milkus thought appropriate to use in order to improve his dictionary: new lemmas are added, old lemmas are supplemented with new facts from the spoken language, homographs are separated. Kriðtopaitienë, comparing a number of editions of Kristijonas Donelaitis works comes to the conclusion that only in 1977 was an attempt made to prepare his Raðtai in as authentic a manner as possible, but even that does not provide a standard canonical text. The 1994 edition was prepared for a broader audience and it does not retain the kind of punctuation and lexicon characteristic of Donelaitis and some of the inaccuracies and inconsistencies from the 1977 edition have crept into it. Ona ALEKNAVIÈIENË describes
Recommended publications
  • Darius PETKŪNAS – the Sources of the 1545 Old Prussian Language

    Darius PETKŪNAS – the Sources of the 1545 Old Prussian Language

    THE SOURCES OF THE 1545 OLD PRUSSIAN LANGUAGE CATECHISMS Darius Petkūnas Abstract The Teutonic Order in Prussia recognised and acknowledged its responsibility to catechise both the German-speaking colonists and the native population. The Reformation made no radical changes to these requirements, but gave them serious attention. During the 1540s to the 1560s, several Catechisms for the non-German subjects of the Duke of Prussia were pre- pared and published in Königsberg, including three in the Old Prussian language. The editor 189 of the first and second Old Prussian-language Catechisms published bilingual books, with the German Catechism on the left-hand page, and the same text on the right-hand page in the Old Prussian language. Reinhold Trautmann established that the source of the Decalogue in these books was Luther’s 1531 Small Catechism. However, he had difficulties confirming the sources of the remaining four parts of the Catechism, since he found a number of words and phrases which could not be identified as coming from Luther’s Catechisms. The article elaborates on Trautmann’s thesis that the source of the German Decalogue is Luther’s 1531 Enchiridion. In addition, it argues that the sources of the remaining parts of the Catechism were German-lan- guage catechetical and liturgical texts that were circulating in Prussia at that time. KEY WORDS: Duchy of Prussia, catechisation, Old Prussian language, Martin Luther. ANOTACIJA Vokiečių ordinas Prūsijoje suvokė ir pripažino savo pareigą katechizuoti tiek vokiečiakalbius ko- lonistus, tiek ir vietinius gyventojus. Reformacija neturėjo esminės įtakos šiems reikalavimams atsirasti, bet sustiprino jiems teikiamą dėmesį.
  • Janas Baudouinas De Courtenay Ir Lietuvių Folkloristika

    Janas Baudouinas De Courtenay Ir Lietuvių Folkloristika

    JANAS BAUDOUINAS DE COURTENAY IR LIETUVIŲ FOLKLORISTIKA ŽIVILĖ RAMOŠKAITĖ Sukanka 150 metų, kai gimė žymus kalbininkas Janas Baudouinas de Courtenay. Šio senos prancūzų giminės palikuonio įvairiapusė mokslinė veikla reikšminga tiek lenkų, tiek rusų kalbos mokslui. Daugelį metų profesoriau­ damas įvairiuose Rusijos universitetuose, jis išugdė daug žymių kalbininkų. Su savo mokiniu M. Kruševskiu įkūrė Kazanės lingvistinę mokyklą, kuri suformulavo svarbias struktūrinės lingvistikos idėjas. Lietuvių kalbotyros istorijoje Baudouinas de Courtenay užima taip pat svarbią ir savitą vietą. Pasak kalbininko Algirdo Sabaliausko „jis nepaliko kokių nors reikšmingesnių lietuvių kalbos tyrinėjimų, bet savo pedagogine, visuomenine veikla tiek daug nusipelnė nacionalinei mūsų kultūrai, tuo pačiu ir kalbos mokslui, jog šiuo atžvilgiu vargu ar galėtų lygintis su juo kas nors iš kitataučių mokslininkų"1. Turbūt dar reikšmingesnę vietą Baudouinas de Courtenay užima lietu­ vių folkloristikos istorijoje. Tai jo dėka turime lietuviškai išleistą Antano Juškos surinktą tautosaką. Ypač reikšmingas jo rūpesčiu išleistas melodijų rinkinys, didžiausias muzikinis folkloro leidinys per visą istoriją iki pat 1980 m. pradėto leisti akademinio daugiatomio „Lietuvių liaudies dainyno". Šio straipsnio tikslas — apžvelgti Baudouino de Courtenay veiklos gai­ res, pagrindinį dėmesį skiriant jo ryšiams su Lietuva. Tai atsispindi jo raši­ niuose apie žymius XIX a. kultūros ir mokslo veikėjus. Juose atrandame gyvai atspindėtą ano meto gyvenimo bei mokslinės veiklos kontekstą. Straips­ nyje stengiamasi iškelti Baudouino de Courtenay nuopelnus leidžiant A. Juškos užrašytų melodijų rinkinį ir smulkiai aptarti šioje srityje atliktą didelį darbą, kuris ankstesnėje mūsų literatūroje nesusilaukė pakankamai pagarbaus dėmesio, bet dažniau buvo nepelnytai kritikuojamas. Janas Baudouinas de Courtenay gimė 1845 m. kovo 13 d. Radzimine, matininko šeimoje. 1866 m. baigė Varšuvos Vyriausiąją mokyklą ir, gavęs Rusijos švietimo ministerijos stipendiją, dvejus metus studijavo Prahoje, Je­ noje ir Berlyne.
  • Lithuanian Dialectology Profiles: Problems and Findings”, Aims to Demonstrate a Wide Range of Studies Within Lithuanian Dialectology

    Lithuanian Dialectology Profiles: Problems and Findings”, Aims to Demonstrate a Wide Range of Studies Within Lithuanian Dialectology

    3 Approved for publishing by the Scientific Council of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language Decree Protocol No. MT-50, dated 30 December 2020 Editorial Board: Danguolė Mikulėnienė (Editor-in-Chief) Lietuvių kalbos institutas Ana Stafecka LU Latviešu valodas institūts Miroslaw Jankowiak Akademie věd České republiky Edmundas Trumpa Latvijas universitāte Ilja Lemeškin Univerzita Karlova Special issue editor Violeta Meiliūnaitė Reviewers: Dalia Pakalniškienė Klaipėdos universitetas Liene Markus–Narvila Latvijas universitāte The bibliographic information about this publication is available in the National Bibliographic Data Bank (NBDB) of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania ISBN 978-609-411-279-9 DOI doi.org/10.35321/e-pub.8.problems-and-findings © Institute of the Lithuanian Language, 2020 © Violeta Meiliūnaitė, compilation, 2020 © Contributing authors, 2020 Contents PREFACE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 DANGUOLĖ MIKULĖNIENĖ ISSUES OF PERIODIZATION: DIALECTOLOGICAL THOUGHT, METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND IDEOLOGICAL TURNS ------------------------------------ 8 VIOLETA MEILIŪNAITĖ. STABILITY AND DYNAMICS OF (LITHUANIAN) DIALECTAL NETWORK 38 JURGITA JAROSLAVIENĖ.METHODOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND COMPLEXITY IN COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL SOUND RESEARCH --------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 RIMA BAKŠIENĖ.INSTRUMENTAL RESEARCH INTO THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VOCALISM VARIANTS IN THE SUBDIALECT OF ŠAKIAI -----------------------------------------
  • Philip Melanchthon in the Writings of His Polish Contemporaries

    Philip Melanchthon in the Writings of His Polish Contemporaries

    ODRODZENIE I REFORMACJA W POLSCE ■ SI 2017 ■ PL ISSN 0029-8514 Janusz Tazbir Philip Melanchthon in the Writings of his Polish Contemporaries Over thirty years ago Oskar Bartel, a distinguished scholar of the history of the Polish Reformation, bemoaned how little was known about the relations between preceptor Germaniae and the movement. In an article about the familiarity with Melanchthon, both as person and his oeuvre, in Poland, Bartel wrote: “wir besitzen einige Werke, meist Broschüren über Luther, Calvin, sogar Hus und Zwingli, aber ich habe keine über Melanchton gefunden”.1 Bartel’s article provided a recapitulation, if somewhat incomplete, of the state of research at the time, and essentially stopped at the death of the Reformer. There- fore, in this study I would like to point to the results of the last thirty years of research, on the one hand, and highlight the post-mortem impact of Melanchthon’s writings and the reflection of his person in the memories of the next generations, on the other. The new information about the contacts Melanchthon had with Poland that has come to light since the 1960s is scattered across a number of articles or monographs; there is to date no separate study devoted to the German Reformer. Only a handful of contributions have been published. No wonder therefore that twenty years after the publication of Bartel’s article, Roman Nir begins his study of corre- spondence between Melanchthon and Krzycki thus: “Relatively little 1 O. Bartel, “Luther und Melanchton in Polen,” in: Luther und Melanchton. Refe­ rate und Berichte des Zweiten Internationalen Kongress für Lutherforschung, Münster, 8.–13.
  • Didžiosios Dainų Knygos: Lietuvių Dainynų Mokslinės Edicijos Pradmenys Brolių Juškų Folkloro Publikacijose

    Didžiosios Dainų Knygos: Lietuvių Dainynų Mokslinės Edicijos Pradmenys Brolių Juškų Folkloro Publikacijose

    SUKAKTYS Antano Juškos 200-osioms gimimo metinėms Didžiosios dainų knygos: lietuvių dainynų mokslinės edicijos pradmenys brolių Juškų folkloro publikacijose VITA IVANAUSKAITĖ-ŠEIBUTIENĖ Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas ANOTACIJA. Straipsnio pagrindu tapo neabejotinai darbščiausio ir originaliausio XIX a. lituanistinės medžiagos – dainų, vestuvinių papročių, žodyno duomenų – rinkėjo Antano Juškos (1819–1880) folklorinis palikimas, broliui Jonui Juškai padedant 1880–1883 m. publikuotas trijuose lietuvių kultūrai išskirtinės reikšmės turėjusiuose leidiniuose – Lietuviškos dainos, Lietuviškos svotbinės dainos, Svotbinė rėda veliuoniečių lietuvių, – tapusiuose mokslinės lietuvių dainynų edicijos pradmenimis. Viena iš tyrimo siekiamybių – sugrįžimas prie atidaus ir nuoseklaus brolių Juškų folklorinių publikacijų skaitymo, stengiantis į visas jose skelbiamas dainas pažvelgti kaip į gana margą, tačiau neabejotinai folklorinėje atmintyje suderančią visumą. Platesnei šios visumos recepcijai aktualūs keli dalykai: bendra XIX a. antrosios pusės folklorinės tradicijos situacija Lietuvoje, ano meto dainų vertinimo tendencijos ir paties A. Juškos asmenybė. RAKTAŽODŽIAI: daina, dainynas, Antanas Juška, mokslinė edicija, pradmenys. ANTANAS JUŠKA IR LIETUVIŲ DAINŲ AKADEMINĖS EDICIJOS PRADMENYS Pradėti norėtųsi nuo nedidelio ekskurso į senųjų folkloro rankraščių saugojimo kontekstus. 1861–1863 m. Motiejus Valančius Žemaičių vyskupijos vizitacijų metu porą kartų aplankė tuomet jau aktyviai liaudies dainas ir lietuviškus žodžius užrašinėjusį
  • Evangelical Burial Liturgy in Gdansk and Prussia in the Light of Unknown Liturgical Agendas

    Evangelical Burial Liturgy in Gdansk and Prussia in the Light of Unknown Liturgical Agendas

    „Universitas Gedanensis”, R.23, 2011, t. 42, ss. 101-116 Ks. Zdzisław Kropidłowski (Bydgoszcz-Gdańsk) Evangelical burial liturgy in Gdansk and Prussia in the light of unknown liturgical agendas Summary: We can learn about forms of Evangelical burial liturgy in Gdansk and Prussia from liturgical agendas published in Konigsberg, Gdansk and Torun. Over ten editions enable to follow through the development of litur- gy and Evangelical doctrine in both Royal and Ducal Prussia. They are also significant for our studies on Polish culture, social life of Polish Protestants and the development of the Polish language. An analysis proves that burial liturgy of Prussian Evangelicals evolved from an austere form conforming to Luther’s and Melanchton’s teachings to a complex one, resembling Roman Catholic liturgy, including texts from the Bible, Church Fathers and even the poetry of Jan Kochanowski, the greatest Polish Renaissance poet, who was a Catholic. The liturgy was conducted in both German and Polish in Gdansk and Konigsberg; in Torun and in the country the Polish language was more frequently used. Key words: Evangelical liturgy, liturgical agendas, funerals, the develop- ment of the Polish language, Royal Prussia and Ducal Prussia. The expression ‘liturgical agenda’ comes from Latin agere – act, fulfill in contrast to credenda, which is what we should believe in. Throughout history the meaning of the term agenda changed. First, it referred to all liturgical activities, then it denoted sacramental liturgy rites (as defined by Pope Innocent I in his Letter to Decencius) or celebrating Holy Mass (as defined by Carthage Second Synod, canon 9). According to the Benedictine rule, canon XIII, agenda meant breviary prayers, e.g.
  • Antanas Klimas Teorinė Kalbotyra Ir Lietuviai Kalbininkai

    Antanas Klimas Teorinė Kalbotyra Ir Lietuviai Kalbininkai

    TEORINĖ KALBOTYRA IR LIETUVIAI KALBININKAI Teorinė kalbotyra, anot prof. John Lyons, yra «šių dienų kalbotyros teorijos kryptys » 1. Galima būtų į ši teigimą pažiūrėti ir vienaip ir kitaip. Paga­ liau mokslo pasaulyje nėra sutariama nei dėl pačios teorijos apta­ rimo nei jos svarbos moksle (arba moksluose). Nesileidžiant į kiek tolimesnę praeiti, štai kaip aptariamas mums rūpimas terminas : Teorija (gr. the-oria, stebėjimas, tyrimas) — idėjų visuma, kuri api­ bendrina iki tol žinomus faktus ir jų vyksmų priklausomybes. Iš teo­ rijos reikalaujama, kad ji apimtų tos rūšies vyksmų visą kompleksą, neprieštarautų kitiems žinomiems faktams ir kad įgalintų numatyti naujus faktus [...] Bet kuri teorija išsilaiko moksluose tol, kol nesu­ siduria su naujais, jai prieštaraujančiais faktais; tuo atveju ieškoma tinkamesnės teorijos 2. Mes tačiau žinome, kad būna ir taip, kad teorija ne «apibū­ dina iki tol žinomų faktų ir jų vyksmų priklausomybės », o esti primetama politinę galią turinčių žmonių, mokslininkams nepalie­ kant beveik jokio pasirinkimo, bet arba visiškai tylėti, arba pri­ sitaikinti vienintelei , tikra ’ pripažintai teorijai. Visiems, manau, yra gerai žinomas rusų kalbininko N. S. Marr’o pavyzdys: daugelį metų jų fantastiškos kalbotyros teorijos, Sovietų Sąjungos komunistų partijos centro komiteto aprobuotos, beveik visiškai buvo sustabdžiusios bet kokią pažangą ir bet kokį rimtesnį kalbotyros darbą visoje Sovietų Sąjungoje. Lietuvių kalbotyros istorija dar neilga. Kun. Kazimiero Jau­ niaus teorijos mums dabar įdomios tik kaip pradinis mūsų kalbo­ tyros etapas. Jų čia daug ir neliesime. Didysis Kazimieras Būga, pats savo ranka surašęs kelis tomus dar niekur ligi šiol nepaskelbtų kun. Kazimiero Jauniaus kalboty­ rinių bei kalbinių darbų ir išvedžiojimų, vėliau pats atsisakė dau­ gelio kun. Jauniaus pasiūlytų teorinių teiginių ir iš jų išplaukiančių 1 John Lyons, Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics, Cambridge (An­ glija) 1968, 21969, IX psl.
  • POSITIVISM and LITHUANIAN PROSE (The Second Half of the 19Th Century)

    POSITIVISM and LITHUANIAN PROSE (The Second Half of the 19Th Century)

    VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY Giedrius Židonis POSITIVISM AND LITHUANIAN PROSE (The second half of the 19th Century) Summary of Doctoral Dissertation Humanities, Philology (04 H) Kaunas, 2009 This doctoral dissertation was prepared at the Vytautas Magnus University from 1999 to 2008. The dissertation will be defended according to the protocol for external doctorates. Academic Consultant: Prof. Dr. Irena Buckley (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) The Dissertation will be defended before the Council of Philological Sciences of Vytautas Magnus University: Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Danguolė Mikulėnienė (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Members: Prof. Habil. Dr. Egidijus Aleksandravičius (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, History – 05 H) Doc. Dr. Dainora Abukevičienė-Pociūtė (Vilnius University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Doc. Dr. Indrė Žakevičienė (Vytautas Magnus University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Doc. Dr. Rūta Brūzgienė (The Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Oponents: Prof. Habil. Dr. Virginija Šlekienė-Balsevičiūtė (Vilnius Pedagogical University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) Doc. Dr. Džiuljeta Maskuliūnienė (Siauliai University, Humanities, Philology – 04 H) The dissertation will be defended at a public meeting of the Council of Philological Sciences, in the Marija Gimbutienė hall (room 211) of Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Humanities at 11 a. m. on February 13, 2009. Address: K. Donelaičio 52, LT–44244 Kaunas, Lithuania The
  • Simono Daukanto Didžiojo Lenkų–Lietuvių Kalbų Žodyno Rašymo Laikas: 1852–1856, 1857–1858 M

    Simono Daukanto Didžiojo Lenkų–Lietuvių Kalbų Žodyno Rašymo Laikas: 1852–1856, 1857–1858 M

    I S S N 1 3 9 2 - 7 3 7 X Archivum Lithuanicum 19 KlaipĖdos universitetas lietuviŲ Kalbos institutas lietuvos ISTORIJos INSTITUTAS ŠiauliŲ universitetas UNIVERSITY oF ILLINOIS AT CHiCaGo vilniaus universitetas vYtauto didŽioJo universitetas ARCHIVUM Lithuanicum 19 lietuvos ISTORIJos institutas vilnius 2017 redaktorių kolegija / editorial board: proF. Habil. dr. Giedrius Subačius ( filologija / philology), (vyriausiasis redaktorius / editor), universitY oF illinois at CHiCaGo, lietuvos istoriJos institutas, vilnius DR. Birutė Triškaitė ( filologija / philology), (vyriausiojo redaktoriaus pavaduotoja / associate editor), lietuviŲ Kalbos institutas, vilnius Habil. dr. Ona Aleknavičienė ( filologija / philology), lietuviŲ Kalbos institutas, vilnius PROF. HABIL. dr. Roma Bončkutė ( filologija / philology), KlaipĖdos universitetas proF. dr. Pietro U. Dini ( kalbotyra / linguistics), università di pisa PROF. Habil. dr. Jolanta Gelumbeckaitė ( kalbotyra / linguistics), JoHann WolFGanG GoetHe-universitÄt FranKFurt am main dr. Reda Griškaitė ( istorija / history), lietuvos istoriJos institutas, vilnius doC. dr. Birutė Kabašinskaitė ( filologija / philology), vilniaus universitetas PROF. Habil. dr. Bronius Maskuliūnas ( filologija / philology), ŠiauliŲ universitetas doC. dr. Jurgis Pakerys ( filologija / philology), vilniaus universitetas proF. Habil. dr. Rūta Petrauskaitė ( filologija / philology), vYtauto didŽioJo universitetas, KAUNAS HABIL. dr. Christiane Schiller ( kalbotyra / linguistics), HUMBOLDT-universitäT zu berlin proF. dr. William R.
  • The Unique Cultural & Innnovative Twelfty 1820

    The Unique Cultural & Innnovative Twelfty 1820

    Chekhov reading The Seagull to the Moscow Art Theatre Group, Stanislavski, Olga Knipper THE UNIQUE CULTURAL & INNNOVATIVE TWELFTY 1820-1939, by JACQUES CORY 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS No. of Page INSPIRATION 5 INTRODUCTION 6 THE METHODOLOGY OF THE BOOK 8 CULTURE IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES IN THE “CENTURY”/TWELFTY 1820-1939 14 LITERATURE 16 NOBEL PRIZES IN LITERATURE 16 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN 1820-1939, WITH COMMENTS AND LISTS OF BOOKS 37 CORY'S LIST OF BEST AUTHORS IN TWELFTY 1820-1939 39 THE 3 MOST SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – FRENCH, ENGLISH, GERMAN 39 THE 3 MORE SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – SPANISH, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN 46 THE 10 SIGNIFICANT LITERATURES – PORTUGUESE, BRAZILIAN, DUTCH, CZECH, GREEK, POLISH, SWEDISH, NORWEGIAN, DANISH, FINNISH 50 12 OTHER EUROPEAN LITERATURES – ROMANIAN, TURKISH, HUNGARIAN, SERBIAN, CROATIAN, UKRAINIAN (20 EACH), AND IRISH GAELIC, BULGARIAN, ALBANIAN, ARMENIAN, GEORGIAN, LITHUANIAN (10 EACH) 56 TOTAL OF NOS. OF AUTHORS IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES BY CLUSTERS 59 JEWISH LANGUAGES LITERATURES 60 LITERATURES IN NON-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES 74 CORY'S LIST OF THE BEST BOOKS IN LITERATURE IN 1860-1899 78 3 SURVEY ON THE MOST/MORE/SIGNIFICANT LITERATURE/ART/MUSIC IN THE ROMANTICISM/REALISM/MODERNISM ERAS 113 ROMANTICISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 113 Analysis of the Results of the Romantic Era 125 REALISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 128 Analysis of the Results of the Realism/Naturalism Era 150 MODERNISM IN LITERATURE, ART AND MUSIC 153 Analysis of the Results of the Modernism Era 168 Analysis of the Results of the Total Period of 1820-1939
  • Sveiki Gyvi! Lithuanian for Beginners. Kaunas, 2010

    Sveiki Gyvi! Lithuanian for Beginners. Kaunas, 2010

    LANDSCAPING FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES STUDY PROGRAMME: GARDENING TERRITORIES AND THEIR DESIGN (code) 653H93002 AUŠRINĖ PELECKIENĖ UPDATING MATERIAL OF STUDY SUBJECT LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE CULTURE AND DOCUMENTS MANAGEMENT (ADAPTED FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS IN A1 LEVEL) TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT ‘INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ENGINEERING STUDY FIELD PROGRAMMES AND THEIR UPDATING BY CUSTOMIZING TO MEET COURSE DELIVERY NEEDS OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT THE LANDSCAPING FACULTY OF KAUNO KOLEGIJA/UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES‘ (VP1-2.2-ŠMM-07-K-02-045) Mastaičiai 2012 Educational Institution: Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences Study Programme: Gardening territories and their design Study Subject Programme LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE CULTURE AND DOCUMENTS MANAGEMENT (adapted for foreign students in A1 level) 1. The Annotation. This programme of Lithuanian language for the beginners is intended for students of college which have to get familiarized with the pecularities of the country and to integrate into a society in short time. It is tought to form the skills of language usage. All speaking abilities of four kinds are educated (listening, speaking, reading, writing) but the priority is given to a spoken language as to the main mean of communication. It is tought to listen and understand very close to the reality texts, not necessarily such that correspond the level of students. 2. The Aim of the Programme. To develop the coomunication competence of Lithuanian language (to help to reach A1 language knowing level (according Europass system). To present in communicational texts the system of Lithuanian language phonetics and writing, inflection systems and syntactical language structure; to present the lexicology of Lithuanian language by uing topical words groups and composition focuses.
  • Protestantism and the Development of the Polish Language

    Protestantism and the Development of the Polish Language

    The Knowledge Bank at The Ohio State University Article Title: Protestantism and the Development of the Polish Language Article Author: Szymczak, Mieczsław Journal Title: Polata Knigopisnaia Issue Date: August 1987 Publisher: William R. Veder, Vakgroep Slavistiek, Katholieke Universiteit, Postbus 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen (Holland) Citation: Polata Knigopisnaia: an Information Bulletin Devoted to the Study of Early Slavic Books, Texts and Literatures 16 (August 1987): 48-55. Appears in: Community: Hilandar Research Library Sub-Community: Polata Knigopisnaia Collection: Polata Knigopisnaia: Volume 16 (August 1987) PROTEST ANTI SH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLl SH LANGUAGE HIECZVs-tAW SZYHCZAK The Protestant movement in Poland cast its net very wide. lt marked all fields of social life. lt is not surprising therefore that its influence can be seen also in the field of language. The aim of my paper is to show exactly how this movement affected the development of the Polish language. The Polish Renaissance was a time of the discovery of the world and man; language had to keep up with this development of thought and culture. Language played an especially important part in the struggle to realize the ideas of the Reformation. lt participated in a decisive way in the forming of social consciousness. But at the same time it underwent a process of integration and normalization. This was because socially established meanings of words are necessary for the conveying of a message, hence the social demand for a common na­ tional Polish literary language. In Poland up to and including the fifteenth century the official state language, the language of literature, the language of the Royal Chancellery and the language used in schools was in effect Latin} The national and literary Polish language was formed in the sixteenth cen­ tury.