3 Approved for publishing by the Scientific Council of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language Decree Protocol No. MT-50, dated 30 December 2020 Editorial Board: Danguolė Mikulėnienė (Editor-in-Chief) Lietuvių kalbos institutas Ana Stafecka LU Latviešu valodas institūts Miroslaw Jankowiak Akademie věd České republiky Edmundas Trumpa Latvijas universitāte Ilja Lemeškin Univerzita Karlova Special issue editor Violeta Meiliūnaitė Reviewers: Dalia Pakalniškienė Klaipėdos universitetas Liene Markus–Narvila Latvijas universitāte The bibliographic information about this publication is available in the National Bibliographic Data Bank (NBDB) of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania ISBN 978-609-411-279-9 DOI doi.org/10.35321/e-pub.8.problems-and-findings © Institute of the Lithuanian Language, 2020 © Violeta Meiliūnaitė, compilation, 2020 © Contributing authors, 2020 Contents PREFACE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 DANGUOLĖ MIKULĖNIENĖ ISSUES OF PERIODIZATION: DIALECTOLOGICAL THOUGHT, METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND IDEOLOGICAL TURNS ------------------------------------ 8 VIOLETA MEILIŪNAITĖ. STABILITY AND DYNAMICS OF (LITHUANIAN) DIALECTAL NETWORK 38 JURGITA JAROSLAVIENĖ.METHODOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND COMPLEXITY IN COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL SOUND RESEARCH --------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 RIMA BAKŠIENĖ.INSTRUMENTAL RESEARCH INTO THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VOCALISM VARIANTS IN THE SUBDIALECT OF ŠAKIAI ----------------------------------------- 70 VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ. NEW SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO STRESS RETRACTION IN THE EAST- EASTERN AUKŠTAITIAN SUBDIALECTS ----------------------------------------------------------------- 85 ASTA LESKAUSKAITĖ. MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH INTO LITHUANIAN DIALECTS: TRADITION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 GINTARĖ JUDŽENTYTĖ-ŠINKŪNIENĖ. EXOPHORIC USAGE OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN ANAS [THAT] IN STANDARD LITHUANIAN AND SUB-SUBDIALECT OF VIDUKLĖ ---------------- 113 VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ. WORK IN THE WORLDVIEW OF THE SOUTH-SOUTHERN AUKŠTAITIAN - 133 ASTA BALČIŪNIENĖ, VIOLETA MEILIŪNAITĖ. THE CONCEPT OF JŪRA [THE SEA] IN THE ETHNOGRAPHIC REGION OF AUKŠTAITIJA ----------------------------------------------------------- 146 DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ. A COGNITIVE APPROACH TO THE LITHUANIAN DIALECTOLOGY: THE CASE OF THE LOCATIVE ------------------------------------------------------ 176 NIJOLĖ TUOMIENĖ. THE BORROWING DOMAIN IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN BORDER REGIONS OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192 DALIA KISELIŪNAITĖ. PROSPECTS OF RESEARCH INTO THE KURSENIEKU LANGUAGE OF THE CURONIAN SPIT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 208 AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ. APPLICATION OF DIALECTOMETRIC METHODS IN RESEARCH ON LITHUANIAN DIALECTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 217 DAIVA ALIŪKAITĖ. THE NARRATIVE OF A NAÏVE ESTIMATOR OR THE SPREAD OF PERCEPTUAL DIALECTOLOGY IN LITHUANIAN DIALECT RESEARCH --------------------------------------------- 249 LAURA BRAZAITIENĖ. RESEARCH ON PERCEPTUAL DIALECTOLOGY IN LITHUANIA: SUBJECTIVE DIALECTAL VARIATION OF LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE AREA IN RELATION TO OBJECTIVE VARIATION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 267 SUMMARIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 292 5 PREFACE The Lithuanian dialects and the research work conducted in this area have so far been relatively unknown to wider audiences, especially to our colleagues in other countries. Although recent years have witnessed an increasing number of Lithuanian dialectologists present their work abroad and become part of the global scientific community, information on the current research and the overall context of Lithuanian dialectology often remain on the periphery of public knowledge. So it is only natural that the sixth volume in the series “Problems of Language History and Dialectology”, a collection of articles titled “Lithuanian Dialectology Profiles: Problems and Findings”, aims to demonstrate a wide range of studies within Lithuanian dialectology. The publication includes more than a dozen scientific articles on the periodization of Lithuanian dialectology (D. Mikulėnienė), the origins and evolution of dialectal network in Lithuania (V. Meiliūnaitė), the spectrum of experimental sound research (J. Jaroslavienė and R. Bakšienė), the features of Lithuanian accentual system (V. Ragaišienė), the development and future prospects of research on dialectal morphology (A. Leskauskaitė, G. Judžentytė- Šinkūnienė), the ethnolinguistic worldview and its analysis (V. Ragaišienė, A. Balčiūnienė and V. Meiliūnaitė), the cognitive studies of morphological categories (D. Kardelytė-Grinevičienė), the linguistic borrowing in peripheral sub-dialects (N. Tuomienė), the small language systems on the verge of extinction (D. Kiseliūnaitė), the application of dialectometric methods in studying Lithuanian language variants (A. Čepaitienė), and the progress of perceptual dialectology in Lithuania (D. Aliūkaitė, L. Brazaitienė). In other words, the aim of this selection is to review a wide range of language areas and the methods of study applied as well as to present both the traditional and the more recent trends and directions of dialectological research in Lithuania. We are very pleased that our colleagues from Vilnius University and Klaipėda University have also contributed to this publication. This volume is produced in English and will be available online in order to facilitate wider access. We are therefore hopeful that this selection of articles will be valuable not only to the Lithuanian scientists and students as a concentrated introduction of new research, but also to our colleagues abroad who will gain a better understanding of the current activities carried out by the researchers of Lithuanian dialectal variants. I am sincerely grateful to my colleagues at the Centre of Geolinguistics who helped identify any inconsistencies in these texts and suggested appropriate additions so the articles would make a comprehensive collection. I would also like to express special gratitude to my 6 colleagues Dr. Liene Markus-Narvila (University of Latvia) and Prof. Dr. Dalia Pakalniškienė (Klaipėda University) for reviewing this selection – their close observation allowed us to rectify any inadvertent mistakes and contributed to a better-structured publication. Thank you to the English language editor Audronė Kvietkutė and graphic designer Vytautas Zinkevičius. 7 DANGUOLĖ MIKULĖNIENĖ Institute of the Lithuanian Language ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-7236 Fields of research: geolinguistics, Baltic dialectology, synchronic and diachronic accentology, morphonology, language history, history of Lithuanian linguistics. E-mail: [email protected] ISSUES OF PERIODIZATION: DIALECTOLOGICAL THOUGHT, METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND IDEOLOGICAL TURNS PERIODIZACIJOS PROBLEMOS: TARMĖTYRINĖ MINTIS, METODOLOGINĖ PLĖTRA IR IDEOLOGINĖS KRYPTYS Abstract The periodization of the Lithuanian dialectology developed by the author of this article may be subject to discussion and evaluation in several cross-sections and in more than a single aspect depending on the criteria chosen. Hence, this article aims to systemically present the characteristics inherent to all periods of the Lithuanian dialectology which have been singled out. The author distinguishes three such characteristics – the territorial definability of a dialect, its markedness and its relation with the standard (or written) language. It should be noted that the afore-mentioned characteristics were first identified during the pre-dialectological period in the old grammars of the Lithuanian language. They have been recorded in some form by dialectologists throughout the whole period of the Lithuanian dialectology development and are still being traced today. KEYWORDS: Lithuanian dialectology, geolinguistics, traditional dialect, subdialect, dialecticism, new dialectal derivation (regiolect, geolect), dialectal feature. Anotacija Straipsnio autorės sukurta lietuvių tarmėtyros periodizacija gali būti aptariama ir vertinama keliais pjūviais ir ne vienu aspektu. Nelygu kriterijai. Todėl šiame straipsnyje bandoma sistemiškai pateikti tuos bruožus, kuriais galima apibūdinti visus išskirtuosius lietuvių tarmėtyros laikotarpius. Išskirti trys tokie bruožai – tarmės teritorinio apibrėžtumo, žymėtumo ir santykio su bendrine (ar rašomąja) kalba. Pabrėžtina, kad jie pastebėti dar ikitarmėtyriniu laikotarpiu senosiose lietuvių kalbos gramatikose ir įvairiomis formomis kalbininkų fiksuojami iki mūsų dienų per visą lietuvių tarmėtyros raidą. REIKŠMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: lietuvių dialektologija, geolingvistika, tradicinė tarmė, patarmė, tarmiškumas, naujasis tarminis darinys, regiolektas, geolektas, tarminis požymis. INTRODUCTION The scientific paradigm of dialectology has been growing and developing in accordance with the universal laws of variation concept within the language science – language separation 8 (from other languages), language individuality, (self) value, etc. As far back as the period of the formation and the beginning of the Lithuanian dialectology it is possible to trace how the authors of the old Lithuanian language grammars had been purifying