DOCSLIB.ORG

Suborden Eupnoi Suborden Laniatores

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Suborden Eupnoi Suborden Laniatores Conocemos muy poco sobre la taxonomía y el comportamiento Algunas especies de la de los Opiliones de Centroamérica. Debido a esto, presentamos Familia Cosmetidae familia Cosmetidae, las especies más comunes de la Estación Veragua Rainforest, presentan dimorfsmo con información general sobre Opiliones: En los trópicos, los opiliones viven en el bosque y son poco comunes en zonas rurales. Al ser nocturnos y asociados a los sexual en los quelíceros bosques son poco conocidos por los (señalados por las Suborden Eupnoi seres humanos. Sin embargo, son fechas), ya que en los muy comunes y diversos. Cynortulla sp. machos (derecha) son Familia Sclerosomatidae más hinchados que en las hembras (izquierda). Los Opiliones son nocturnos y onmívoros, ya que se alimentan Eupoecilaema de artrópodos pequeños (adultos y magnum larvas), animales o material vegetal muertos, frutas y hongos. Durante Cynorta sp. el día, la mayoría se encuentran escondidos bajo la hojarasca, troncos, en cuevas o en grietas. Una excepción son los Opiliones del suborden Eupnoi, que pueden ser observados expuestos tanto durante el día cuanto Prionostemma sp. durante la noche. Poecilaemula signata Al igual que los escorpiones, estos animales refejan la luz Suborden Laniatores ultravioleta (UV), también conocida como luz negra. La Algunas especies presentan dimorfsmo sexual, ya que los función de este fenómeno es desconocida. Familia Stygnommatidae machos suelen ser más robustos y armados, o con partes del Uno de los mecanismos de defensa más comunes en cuerpo, espinas o tubérculos más grandes que en las hembras. los Opiliones es el camufaje. Otro mecanismo utilizado En los arácnidos, las partes bucales se llaman quelíceros y Esto probablemente debido a que en algunas especies los por ellos es el “hacerse los muertos”. Este mecanismo en los Opiliones tienen forma de pinza pequeña. A cada lado machos pelean con otros machos. En algunas especies, los se conoce como tanatosis (nombre que se deriva de de los quelíceros se encuentran machos poseen un par de “peines” (señalados por las fechas) Tánatos, el dios de la muerte sin violencia en la mitología los pedipalpos, que en el cuarto par de patas. griega). así como las antenas de los insectos tienen una función sensorial. quelicero→ pedipalpo → Zygobunus sp. Meterginus inermipes Familia Gonyleptidae Los Opiliones tienen un par de ojos (señalados por la fecha) Eucynorta picta que generalmente son muy pequeños y no forman imágenes; Cuando un depredador atrapa un opilión, ellos pueden secretar Flirtea lateralis sólo sirven para distinguir entre luz y oscuridad. sustancias que contienen compuestos químicos que producen un olor y sabor desagradable, haciendo que el depredador Debido a su poco estudio, libere al opilión. La secreción En estos animales, el segundo par de patas (señalado por las los nombres científcos puede ser colorblanco, fechas) es táctil y más largo que de estos Opiliones amarillo o anaranjado. los demás. Por eso, la mayoría pueden cambiar. Estas secreciones de Opiliones ondean el ¡Todavía hay generalmente sólo segundo par de patas en muchas especies producen un olor el aire para percibir el no descritas por desagradable entorno. los científcos! y no causan daños a los depredadores. Especie no descrita Parahernandria Eucynorta transversalis Eucynorta pictipes spinosa Contacto: rquesada@usp.br DESCARGA GRATIS [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [1109] versión 1 3/2019 Los Opiliones se reproducen a través de huevos, los cuales son colocados por las hembras en el suelo, grietas, hojas o troncos. De cada huevo, nacerá un opilión inmaduro o ninfa, que irá creciendo a través de diferentes mudas hasta llegar a ser adulto, donde ya no va a mudar más. Las ninfas de la familia Cosmetidae, se distinguen porque poseen los pedipalpos (señalados por la fecha) muy alargados. Cuando se convierten en adultos, los pedipalpos de los cosmétidos se vuelven más cortos y con forma de cuchara. Los Opiliones son animales Veragua Rainforest es una invertebrados que pertenecen Estación Biológica ubicada en Fotografías al grupo de los arácnidos. Rosannette Quesada-Hidalgo Las Brisas, provincia de Limón, En Costa Rica se conocen Kenji Nishida vertiente Caribe de Costa Ninfa de Cosmetidae como “pendejos”, “abuelitos” Julián Solano Rica. Posee un bosque tropical o “piernas largas”. Su nombre Glauco Machado lluvioso primario que recibe común en inglés es “daddy entre 4000 y 4500 mm de long legs” que signifca “papá lluvia al año y una temperatura Cómo citar esta guía piernas largas”. Los Opiliones Quesada-Hidalgo, R; R. Pinto da promedio de 23 °C. Es una Familia Nomoclastidae son parientes de las arañas, los Rocha estación abierta a todo público. escorpiones y las garrapatas, y B. Damron. 2018. Opiliones En algunas especies del género Quindina que se encuentran Más información en la web: que también se encuentran de en el Caribe de Costa Rica y en Panamá, los machos dentro del grupo de los www.veraguarainforest.com Veragua Rainforest, Limón, Costa construyen un nido de barro y materia orgánica, en arácnidos. Rica. Una producción del proyecto troncos o ramas cerca del suelo. El nido consiste en un Opilio tracker. Más información Diseño piso en forma de círculo, de aproximadamente 4 cm de Los Opiliones se parecen mucho a las arañas en la sobre Opiliones y versión pdf en Felipe Bouabci Simões diámetro, rodeado de una pared circular de 1 cm de altura forma del cuerpo, pero ¡no redes sociales: @Opilio_tracker Tarsila Leite Ceruci aproximadamente. Los machos permanecen dentro del son arañas! A diferencia de las Pedro Garcia Abilleira de Castro nido por varios meses donde reciben visitas de diferentes arañas, donde el cuerpo está Supervisión hembras, que viven en los alrededores de los nidos. Algunas dividido por una “cintura”, en hembras copulan con el macho, colocan sus huevos en los Opiliones todo el cuerpo Erika Hingst-Zaher está fusionado. Por eso, el piso del nido y después se van. Los machos entonces, algunos Opiliones parecen una Apoyo son los encargados de cuidar los huevos hasta que nazcan. bolita con muchas patas. Otra Comisión del Programa de diferencia con las arañas, es Excelência Académica (PROEX) que los Opiliones no producen - Ecologia de la Coordenação de seda para hacer telarañas, y Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de tampoco tienen glándulas de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Brasil veneno para cazar sus presas. Esto quiere decir, que los Septiembre 2018 Opiliones son inofensivos para los seres humanos. Taxonómicamente, los Opiliones son clasifcados como un orden dentro de la clase Arachnida. El orden Opiliones se divide en cuatro subórdenes: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi y Laniatores. En Costa Rica, los subórdenes más comunes son Eupnoi y Laniatores. Quindina limbata Opiliones de Veragua Rainforest Veragua de Opiliones Limón, Costa Rica Costa Limón, Contacto: rquesada@usp.br DESCARGA GRATIS [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [1109] version 1 3/2019 We know very little about the taxonomy and behavior of the Some species of the family Opiliones from Central America. Because of that, we present the Family Cosmetidae Cosmetidae, present most common species of the Veragua Rainforest Station, with sexual dimorphism general information about Opiliones: In the tropics, Opiliones live in the forest and are rare in rural areas. Due to being nocturnal and associated with in the chelicerae forests, they are poorly understood (indicated by the Suborden Eupnoi by humans. However, they are arrows), since in the very common and diverse. Cynortulla sp. males (right) they Family Sclerosomatidae are more swollen than in the females Opiliones are nocturnal and omnivorous, since they feed on Eupoecilaema (left). small arthropods (adults and larvae), dead magnum animals or plant material, fruits, and fungi. During the day, most are Cynorta sp. hidden under leaf litter, on the trunks of trees, or in caves or cracks in rocks. An exception is the Opiliones of the suborder Eupnoi, which can be observed exposed both during the day and during the night. Prionostemma sp. Poecilaemula signata These animals, like scorpions, refect ultraviolet (UV) light, also known as black light. The function of this phenomenon Suborden Laniatores Some species of Opiliones present sexual dimorphism, where is unknown. males will be more robust and armed, with parts of the body Family Stygnommatidae with spines and tubers larger than in females. This is probably A common defense mechanism in the Opiliones is due to the fact that in some species the males defend camoufage. Another mechanism used by the them is In arachnids, the mouthparts are called chelicerae and in the territories or fght with other males. In some species, males “playing dead”. This mechanism is known as thanatosis Opiliones they have the shape of a very small claw. On either have a pair of “combs” (indicated by the arrows) on the femur (name derived from Thanatos, the god of death without side of the chelicerae there are of the fourth pair of legs. violence in Greek mythology). the pedipalps, which, like the antennae of insects, have a sensory function. chelicera→ pedipalp → Zygobunus sp. Meterginus inermipes Family Gonyleptidae Opiliones have a pair of eyes (indicated by the arrow) that are Eucynorta picta Flirtea lateralis generally very small and do not form images; they only serve When a predator catches an opilion, Opiliones can secrete to distinguish between light and dark. substances that contain chemical compounds that produce In these animals, the second pair of legs (indicated by the an unpleasant odor and taste, causing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Short-Legged Andean Cosmetids Revisited: the Genus Libitia Simon
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2020 Band/Volume: 0634 Autor(en)/Author(s): Medrano Miguel, Azara Ludson Neves de, Kury Adriano Brilhante Artikel/Article: The short-legged Andean cosmetids revisited: the genus Libitia Simon, 1879 with description of two new species (Opiliones, Cosmetidae) 1-25 European Journal of Taxonomy 634: 1–25 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.634 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Medrano M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:66AEE1D7-51BF-4583-9A19-947F61ECC7DE The short-legged Andean cosmetids revisited: the genus Libitia Simon, 1879 with description of two new species (Opiliones, Cosmetidae) Miguel MEDRANO 1,*, Ludson Neves de ÁZARA 2 & Adriano Brilhante KURY 3 1,2,3 Laboratório de Aracnologia, Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20.940-040, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil. 1 Corresponding author: miangelmed@gmail.com 2 ludsonazara@yahoo.com.br 3 adrianok@gmail.com 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C7F7D4CF-F9B2-44AF-9F03-86278ADBD4F2 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4ECF193A-694C-43CE-8EE6-F197EDDA4414 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:60FAE1F8-87F7-4A5F-BE78-BEB25BC4F898 Abstract. The old genus Libitia Simon, 1879 of small Andean harvestmen is revisited. The monotypic genus Libitiella Roewer, 1947 is herein considered a junior subjective synonym of Libitia. Accordingly, Libitiella bipunctata (Sørensen, 1932) is restored to the combination Libitia bipunctata. The species Libitia cordata and Libitia bipunctata comb.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Functional Morphology of Attachment Devices in Arachnida
    Comparative functional morphology of attachment devices in Arachnida Vergleichende Funktionsmorphologie der Haftstrukturen bei Spinnentieren (Arthropoda: Arachnida) DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Jonas Otto Wolff geboren am 20. September 1986 in Bergen auf Rügen Kiel, den 2. Juni 2015 Erster Gutachter: Prof. Stanislav N. Gorb _ Zweiter Gutachter: Dr. Dirk Brandis _ Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. Juli 2015 _ Zum Druck genehmigt: 17. Juli 2015 _ gez. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang J. Duschl, Dekan Acknowledgements I owe Prof. Stanislav Gorb a great debt of gratitude. He taught me all skills to get a researcher and gave me all freedom to follow my ideas. I am very thankful for the opportunity to work in an active, fruitful and friendly research environment, with an interdisciplinary team and excellent laboratory equipment. I like to express my gratitude to Esther Appel, Joachim Oesert and Dr. Jan Michels for their kind and enthusiastic support on microscopy techniques. I thank Dr. Thomas Kleinteich and Dr. Jana Willkommen for their guidance on the µCt. For the fruitful discussions and numerous information on physical questions I like to thank Dr. Lars Heepe. I thank Dr. Clemens Schaber for his collaboration and great ideas on how to measure the adhesive forces of the tiny glue droplets of harvestmen. I thank Angela Veenendaal and Bettina Sattler for their kind help on administration issues. Especially I thank my students Ingo Grawe, Fabienne Frost, Marina Wirth and André Karstedt for their commitment and input of ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Opiliones, Palpatores, Caddoidea)
    Shear, W. A. 1975 . The opilionid family Caddidae in North America, with notes on species from othe r regions (Opiliones, Palpatores, Caddoidea) . J. Arachnol . 2:65-88 . THE OPILIONID FAMILY CADDIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH NOTES ON SPECIES FROM OTHER REGION S (OPILIONES, PALPATORES, CADDOIDEA ) William A . Shear Biology Departmen t Hampden-Sydney, College Hampden-Sydney, Virginia 23943 ABSTRACT Species belonging to the opilionid genera Caddo, Acropsopilio, Austropsopilio and Cadella are herein considered to constitute the family Caddidae . The subfamily Caddinae contains the genu s Caddo ; the other genera are placed in the subfamily Acropsopilioninae. It is suggested that the palpatorid Opiliones be grouped in three superfamilies : Caddoidea (including the family Caddidae) , Phalangioidea (including the families Phalangiidae, Liobunidae, Neopilionidae and Sclerosomatidae ) and Troguloidea (including the families Trogulidae, Nemostomatidae, Ischyropsalidae an d Sabaconidae). North American members of the Caddidae are discussed in detail, and a new species , Caddo pepperella, is described . The North American caddids appear to be mostly parthenogenetic, an d C. pepperella is very likely a neotenic isolate of C. agilis. Illustrations and taxonomic notes ar e provided for the majority of the exotic species of the family . INTRODUCTION Considerable confusion has surrounded the taxonomy of the order Opiliones in North America, since the early work of the prolific Nathan Banks, who described many of ou r species in the last decade of the 1800's and the first few years of this century. For many species, no additional descriptive material has been published following the original de- scriptions, most of which were brief and concentrated on such characters as color and body proportions .
    [Show full text]
  • The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France)
    diversity Article The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France) Arnaud Faille 1,* and Louis Deharveng 2 1 Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany 2 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR7205, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 75005 Paris, France; dehar.louis@wanadoo.fr * Correspondence: arnaud.faille@smns-bw.de Abstract: Located in Northern Pyrenees, in the Arbas massif, France, the system of the Coume Ouarnède, also known as Réseau Félix Trombe—Henne Morte, is the longest and the most complex cave system of France. The system, developed in massive Mesozoic limestone, has two distinct resur- gences. Despite relatively limited sampling, its subterranean fauna is rich, composed of a number of local endemics, terrestrial as well as aquatic, including two remarkable relictual species, Arbasus cae- cus (Simon, 1911) and Tritomurus falcifer Cassagnau, 1958. With 38 stygobiotic and troglobiotic species recorded so far, the Coume Ouarnède system is the second richest subterranean hotspot in France and the first one in Pyrenees. This species richness is, however, expected to increase because several taxonomic groups, like Ostracoda, as well as important subterranean habitats, like MSS (“Milieu Souterrain Superficiel”), have not been considered so far in inventories. Similar levels of subterranean biodiversity are expected to occur in less-sampled karsts of central and western Pyrenees. Keywords: troglobionts; stygobionts; cave fauna Citation: Faille, A.; Deharveng, L. The Coume Ouarnède System, a Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in Pyrenees (France). Diversity 2021, 1. Introduction 13 , 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ Stretching at the border between France and Spain, the Pyrenees are known as one d13090419 of the subterranean hotspots of the world [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnida: Opiliones) Release Contact Pheromones During Mating?
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 113: 184–191, 2016 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2016.022 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Do sexually dimorphic glands in the harvestman Gryne perlata (Arachnida: Opiliones) release contact pheromones during mating? JÉSSICA M. DIAS 1, 2 and RODRIGO H. WILLEMART 1, 2, 3, * 1 Laboratório de Ecologia Sensorial e Comportamento de Artrópodes, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo – SP, 03828-000 Brazil; e-mails: jessica.morais.dias@usp.br, willemart@usp.br 2 Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo – SP, 05508-090 Brazil 3 Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, Rua Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema – SP, 09972-270 Brazil Key words. Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores, Cosmetidae, Gryne perlata, Gonyleptidae, Discocyrtus pectinifemur, chemical communication, copulation, sexually dimorphic glands Abstract. There are records of glands that produce sexual pheromones that are released into the environment or applied directly on sexual partners. Within Opiliones (Arachnida), several harvestmen in the suborder Laniatores have sexually dimorphic glands on legs I and IV, the mode of use of which is recorded only in two species but their function is unknown: while walking, males rub the glands against the substrate or against their body. Here we test an alternative and non-exclusive hypothesis that the glands present on the legs of male Gryne perlata (Cosmetidae) produce contact pheromones used in mating.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Roles of the Sexually Dimorphic Structures in the Male Harvestman, Phalangium Opilio (Opiliones, Phalangiidae)
    1763 Behavioral roles of the sexually dimorphic structures in the male harvestman, Phalangium opilio (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) Rodrigo H. Willemart, Jean-Pierre Farine, Alfredo V. Peretti, and Pedro Gnaspini Abstract: In various animal species, male sexual dimorphic characters may be used during intrasexual contests as orna- ments to attract females, or to hold them before, during, or after copulation. In the well-known harvestman, Phalangium opilio L., 1758, the behavioral functions of these male sexually dimorphic structures have never been studied in detail. Therefore, in addition to a morphometric study, 21 male contests and 43 sexual interactions were analyzed. Our observa- tions revealed that during contests, the male cheliceral horns form a surface by which the contestants use to push each other face-to-face while rapidly tapping their long pedipalps against the pedipalps of the opponent, occasionally twisting the opponent’s pedipalp. Scanning electron micrographs revealed contact mechanoreceptors on the pedipalp that would de- tect the intensity–frequency of contact with the contender’s pedipalp. Larger males won almost all contests, whereas the loser rapidly fled. During sexual interactions, the longer pedipalps of the male held legs IV of the female, whereas males with shorter pedipalps held the female by legs III. No contact with the male pedipalps and chelicerae by the females was visible before, during, or after copulation. Soon after copulating, males typically bent over the female, positioning their cheliceral horns against the females’s dorsum. Consequently, our data show that the cheliceral horns and the longer pedi- palps of the male seem to play an important role, during both intersexual and intrasexual encountering.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Fossil Whip Spiders Russell J
    Garwood et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:105 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0931-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders Russell J. Garwood1,2*, Jason A. Dunlop3, Brian J. Knecht4 and Thomas A. Hegna4 Abstract Background: Arachnids are a highly successful group of land-dwelling arthropods. They are major contributors to modern terrestrial ecosystems, and have a deep evolutionary history. Whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi), are one of the smaller arachnid orders with ca. 190 living species. Here we restudy one of the oldest fossil representatives of the group, Graeophonus anglicus Pocock, 1911 from the Late Carboniferous (Duckmantian, ca. 315 Ma) British Middle Coal Measures of the West Midlands, UK. Using X-ray microtomography, our principal aim was to resolve details of the limbs and mouthparts which would allow us to test whether this fossil belongs in the extant, relict family Paracharontidae; represented today by a single, blind species Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921. Results: Tomography reveals several novel and significant character states for G. anglicus; most notably in the chelicerae, pedipalps and walking legs. These allowed it to be scored into a phylogenetic analysis together with the recently described Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from the Eocene (ca. 52 Ma) Cambay amber, and Kronocharon prendinii Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from Cretaceous (ca. 99 Ma) Burmese amber. We recovered relationships of the form ((Graeophonus (Paracharonopsis + Paracharon)) + (Charinus (Stygophrynus (Kronocharon (Charon (Musicodamon + Paraphrynus)))))). This tree largely reflects Peter Weygoldt’s 1996 classification with its basic split into Paleoamblypygi and Euamblypygi lineages; we were able to score several of his characters for the first time in fossils.
    [Show full text]
  • A Stable Phylogenomic Classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) Based on Sequence Capture of Ultraconserved Elements
    A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Derkarabetian, Shahan, James Starrett, Nobuo Tsurusaki, Darrell Ubick, Stephanie Castillo, and Marshal Hedin. 2018. “A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements.” ZooKeys (760): 1-36. doi:10.3897/zookeys.760.24937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.760.24937. Published Version doi:10.3897/zookeys.760.24937 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37298544 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 760: 1–36 (2018) A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.760.24937 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements Shahan Derkarabetian1,2,7 , James Starrett3, Nobuo Tsurusaki4, Darrell Ubick5, Stephanie Castillo6, Marshal Hedin1 1 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San
    [Show full text]
  • Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae) from Argentina Revista De La Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, Vol
    Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 pdellape@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina Rodríguez Gil, Sergio G.; Mola, Liliana M. Chromosome complement and meiosis of Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae) from Argentina Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 69, núm. 3-4, 2010, pp. 167-170 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322028487009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ISSN 0373-5680 (impresa), ISSN 1851-7471 (en línea) Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 69 (3-4): 167-170, 2010 167 Chromosome complement and meiosis of Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae) from Argentina RODRÍGUEZ GIL, Sergio G. and Liliana M. MOLA Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución, Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Intendente Güiraldes y Costanera Norte, 1428 Ciudad Universitaria. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: rodrigil@ege.fcen.uba.ar, limola@ege.fcen.uba.ar Complemento cromosómico y meiosis de Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae) de Argentina RESUMEN. Se analiza citogenéticamente, por primera vez, una especie de opilión proveniente de Argentina: Holmbergiana weyenberghii (Holmberg) (Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae). Los machos tienen un complemento cromosómico compuesto por 18 cromosomas. En meiosis, hay nueve bivalentes homomórficos: uno mayor, cinco medianos y tres menores. El número cromosómico de H. weyenberghii se encuentra dentro del rango de números diploides de los Gagrellinae Thorell; esta subfamilia presenta los números cromosómicos más bajos de Sclerosomatidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomically Modern Carboniferous Harvestmen Demonstrate Early Cladogenesis and Stasis in Opiliones
    ARTICLE Received 14 Feb 2011 | Accepted 27 Jul 2011 | Published 23 Aug 2011 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1458 Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen demonstrate early cladogenesis and stasis in Opiliones Russell J. Garwood1, Jason A. Dunlop2, Gonzalo Giribet3 & Mark D. Sutton1 Harvestmen, the third most-diverse arachnid order, are an ancient group found on all continental landmasses, except Antarctica. However, a terrestrial mode of life and leathery, poorly mineralized exoskeleton makes preservation unlikely, and their fossil record is limited. The few Palaeozoic species discovered to date appear surprisingly modern, but are too poorly preserved to allow unequivocal taxonomic placement. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography to describe two new harvestmen from the Carboniferous (~305 Myr) of France. The resulting computer models allow the first phylogenetic analysis of any Palaeozoic Opiliones, explicitly resolving both specimens as members of different extant lineages, and providing corroboration for molecular estimates of an early Palaeozoic radiation within the order. Furthermore, remarkable similarities between these fossils and extant harvestmen implies extensive morphological stasis in the order. Compared with other arachnids—and terrestrial arthropods generally—harvestmen are amongst the first groups to evolve fully modern body plans. 1 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt University Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.J.G. (email: russell.garwood03@imperial.ac.uk) and for phylogenetic analysis, G.G. (email: ggiribet@oeb.harvard.edu).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of the Huautla Cave System, Oaxaca, Mexico
    diversity Communication Biodiversity of the Huautla Cave System, Oaxaca, Mexico Oscar F. Francke, Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas † and Jesús A. Cruz-López *,‡ Colección Nacional De Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City C. P. 04510, Mexico; offb@ib.unam.mx (O.F.F.); roy_monrue@hotmail.com (R.M.-R.) * Correspondence: thelyphonidito@gmail.com † Current address: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA. ‡ Current address: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas y Pecuarias del Valle de Oaxaca, Santo Domingo Barrio Bajo, Etla C. P. 68200, Mexico. Abstract: Sistema Huautla is the deepest cave system in the Americas at 1560 m and the fifth longest in Mexico at 89,000 m, and it is a mostly vertical network of interconnected passages. The surface landscape is rugged, ranging from 3500 to 2500 masl, intersected by streams and deep gorges. There are numerous dolinas, from hundreds to tens of meters in width and depth. The weather is basically temperate subhumid with summer rains. The average yearly rainfall is approximately 2500 mm, with a monthly average of 35 mm for the driest times of the year and up to 500 mm for the wettest month. All these conditions play an important role for achieving the highest terrestrial troglobite diversity in Mexico, containing a total of 35 species, of which 27 are possible troglobites (16 described), including numerous arachnids, millipedes, springtails, silverfish, and a single described species of beetles. With those numbers, Sistema Huautla is one of the richest cave systems in the world. Keywords: troglobitics; arachnids; insects; millipedes Citation: Francke, O.F.; Monjaraz-Ruedas, R.; Cruz-López, J.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Segmentation and Tagmosis in Chelicerata
    Arthropod Structure & Development 46 (2017) 395e418 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Arthropod Structure & Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Segmentation and tagmosis in Chelicerata * Jason A. Dunlop a, , James C. Lamsdell b a Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany b American Museum of Natural History, Division of Paleontology, Central Park West at 79th St, New York, NY 10024, USA article info abstract Article history: Patterns of segmentation and tagmosis are reviewed for Chelicerata. Depending on the outgroup, che- Received 4 April 2016 licerate origins are either among taxa with an anterior tagma of six somites, or taxa in which the ap- Accepted 18 May 2016 pendages of somite I became increasingly raptorial. All Chelicerata have appendage I as a chelate or Available online 21 June 2016 clasp-knife chelicera. The basic trend has obviously been to consolidate food-gathering and walking limbs as a prosoma and respiratory appendages on the opisthosoma. However, the boundary of the Keywords: prosoma is debatable in that some taxa have functionally incorporated somite VII and/or its appendages Arthropoda into the prosoma. Euchelicerata can be defined on having plate-like opisthosomal appendages, further Chelicerata fi Tagmosis modi ed within Arachnida. Total somite counts for Chelicerata range from a maximum of nineteen in Prosoma groups like Scorpiones and the extinct Eurypterida down to seven in modern Pycnogonida. Mites may Opisthosoma also show reduced somite counts, but reconstructing segmentation in these animals remains chal- lenging. Several innovations relating to tagmosis or the appendages borne on particular somites are summarised here as putative apomorphies of individual higher taxa.
    [Show full text]