Intertek Fisheries Certification (IFC)
THE CHILE JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER (JASUS FRONTALIS) TRAP FISHERY
PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT REPORT
Patricio Arana &Ian Scott
October 2014
Client SUBPESCA
Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 1. AUTHORS AND PEER REVIEWERS ...... 5 1.1 AUTHORS ...... 5 1.2 PEER REVIEWERS ...... 5 1.3 TRAINING IN THE RBF...... 6 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY...... 6 2.1 UNITS OF CERTIFICATION AND SCOPE OF CERTIFICATION SOUGHT...... 6 2.1.1 Eligibility for Certification against the MSC Standard...... 6 2.1.2 Units of Certification...... 6 2.1.3 Rationale for Units of Certification...... 7 2.1.4 Eligible Fishers ...... 7 2.1.5 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Enhanced Fisheries ...... 7 2.1.6 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Introduced Species Based Fisheries (ISBF) ...... 7 2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE FISHERY ...... 7 2.2.1 Fishing Area ...... 7 2.2.2 Fishery...... 12 2.2.3 History of the Fishery...... 12 2.2.4 Fishing Vessels ...... 13 2.2.5 Gear Description...... 14 2.2.6 Catch...... 16 2.2.7 Fishing Season ...... 16 3. PRINCIPLE ONE: TARGET SPECIES BACKGROUND ...... 20 3.1 STOCK STATUS ...... 20 3.2 REFERENCE POINTS...... 23 3.3 STOCK RECOVERY...... 23 3.4 HARVEST STRATEGY...... 23 3.5 HARVEST CONTROL RULES & TOOLS...... 24 3.5.1 Harvest Control Rules ...... 24 3.5.2 Tools...... 24 3.6 INFORMATION AND MONITORING...... 24 3.6.1 Information...... 24 3.6.2 Monitoring...... 32 3.7 STOCK ASSESSMENT ...... 33 4. PRINCIPLE TWO: ECOSYSTEM BACKGROUND...... 33 4.1 RETAINED SPECIES ...... 33 4.2 BY-CATCH...... 36 4.3 ETP SPECIES...... 37
I Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 4.4 HABITAT...... 38 4.5 ECOSYSTEM ...... 39 5. PRINCIPLE THREE: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BACKGROUND ...... 43 5.1 LEGAL AND / OR CUSTOMARY FRAMEWORK...... 43 5.2 CONSULTATION, ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 45 5.3 LONG TERM OBJECTIVES...... 45 5.4 INCENTIVES TO SUSTAINABLE FISHING...... 45 5.5 THE FISHERY SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: OBJECTIVES...... 46 5.6 DECISION MAKING PROCESSES...... 46 5.7 MONITORING, CONTROL & SURVEILLANCE...... 46 5.8 RESEARCH PROGRAMME...... 47 5.9 MONITORING & EVALUATION ...... 47 6. EVALUATION PROCEDURE...... 47 6.1 HARMONIZED FISHERY ASSESSMENT ...... 47 6.2 PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS...... 47 6.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES...... 48 6.4 EVALUATION PROCESSES AND TECHNIQUES...... 48 6.4.1 Site Visits...... 48 6.4.2 Consultations ...... 48 6.4.3 Evaluation Techniques...... 50 7. TRACEABILITY ...... 50 7.1 ELIGIBILITY DATE...... 50 7.2 TRACEABILITY WITHIN THE FISHERY ...... 50 7.3 ELIGIBILITY TO ENTER FURTHER CHAINS OF CUSTODY ...... 51 7.4 ELIGIBILITY OF INSEPARABLE OR PRACTICALLY INSEPARABLE (IPI) STOCK(S) TO ENTER FURTHER CHAINS OF CUSTODY ...... 52 8. EVALUATION RESULTS ...... 52 8.1 PRINCIPLE LEVEL SCORES...... 52 8.2 SUMMARY OF SCORES...... 52 8.3 SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS...... 52 8.4 RECOMMENDATION...... 53 9. EVALUATION RECOMMENDATION ...... 58 10. REFERENCES ...... 58 11. APPENDIX 1: SCORING AND RATIONALES...... 61 12. APPENDIX 1.2 RISK BASED FRAMEWORK OUTPUTS...... 117 12.1 APPENDIX 1.2.1 SCALE INTENSITY CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS (SICA)...... 117 12.2 APPENDIX 1.2.2 PRODUCTIVITY-SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS ...... 121 13. APPENDIX 1.3: CONDITIONS...... 124
II Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 14. APPENDIX 2: PEER REVIEW REPORTS...... 159 14.1 PEER REVIEWER 1...... 159 14.1.1 Overall Opinion...... 159 14.1.2 General Comments on the Assessment Report ...... 159 14.1.3 Performance Indicator Review ...... 160 14.1.4 Any Other Comments ...... 173 14.2 PEER REVIEWER 2...... 174 14.2.1 Overall Opinion...... 174 14.2.2 General Comments on the Assessment Report ...... 177 14.2.3 Performance Indicator Review ...... 178 14.2.4 Any Other Comments ...... 183 15. APPENDIX 3: STAKEHOLDER SUBMISSIONS ...... 185 16. APPENDIX 4: SURVEILLANCE FREQUENCY...... 186 17. APPENDIX 5: CLIENT AGREEMENT ...... 188 18. APPENDIX 6: OBJECTIONS PROCESS ...... 189
TABLE 1: UNITS OF CERTIFICATION ...... 6 TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF STOCK EVALUATIONS FOR JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER IN ROBINSON CRUSOE / SANTA CLARA...... 22 TABLE 3: JASUS FRONTALES - INCREASE IN LENGTH BY MOLT...... 27 TABLE 4: JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER: ESTIMATES OF NATURAL MORTALITY ...... 32 TABLE 5: ROBINSON CRUSOE: MAIN BAIT SPECIES ...... 35 TABLE 6: ALEJANDRO SELKIRK: MAIN BAIT SPECIES ...... 36 TABLE 7: THE STATUS OF SOME SPECIES OF BIRDS FOUND ON JUAN FERNÁNDEZ ...... 38 TABLE 8: MEETING SCHEDULE ...... 48 TABLE 9: SCORING ELEMENTS...... 50 TABLE 10: CHILEAN EXPORTS OF JUAN FERNANDEZ LOBSTER...... 52 TABLE 11: UOC: PRINCIPLE LEVEL SCORES...... 52 TABLE 12: ROBINSON CRUSOE: SUMMARY OF SCORES...... 54 TABLE 13: ALEJANDRO SELKIRK: SUMMARY OF SCORES...... 55 TABLE 14: ISLAS DESVENTURADAS: SUMMARY OF SCORES ...... 56 TABLE 15: SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS...... 57 TABLE 16: SICA – P.I. 1.1 LOBSTER ...... 117 TABLE 17: SICA SCORING TEMPLATE FOR PI 2.1.1 RETAINED SPECIES ...... 119 TABLE 18: PSA PRINCIPLE 1 RATIONALE TABLE ...... 121 TABLE 19: PRINCIPAL 1: RESULTS OF PSA ANALYSIS ...... 123 TABLE 20: CONDITION RC1 ...... 124 TABLE 21: CONDITION AS1 ...... 126 TABLE 22: CONDITION ID1 ...... 128 TABLE 23: CONDITION ID2 ...... 130 TABLE 24: CONDITION RC2 ...... 132 TABLE 25: CONDITION AS2 ...... 134 TABLE 26: CONDITION AS3 ...... 136 TABLE 27: CONDITION ID3 ...... 137 III Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 TABLE 28: CONDITION RC3 ...... 138 TABLE 29: CONDITION AS4 ...... 139 TABLE 30: CONDITION ID4 ...... 140 TABLE 31: CONDITION RC4 ...... 141 TABLE 32: CONDITION AS5 ...... 142 TABLE 33: CONDITION ID5 ...... 143 TABLE 34: CONDITION RC5 ...... 144 TABLE 35: CONDITION AS6 ...... 146 TABLE 36: CONDITION ID6 ...... 148 TABLE 37: CONDITION RC6 ...... 150 TABLE 38: CONDITION AS7 ...... 151 TABLE 39: CONDITION ID7 ...... 152 TABLE 40: CONDITION RC7 ...... 153 TABLE 41: CONDITION AS8 ...... 155 TABLE 42: CONDITION ID8 ...... 157 TABLE 43: SURVEILLANCE AUDIT FREQUENCY ...... 186 TABLE 44: MSC FISHERY SURVEILLANCE LEVELS ...... 187 TABLE 45: FISHERY SURVEILLANCE PLAN ...... 187
FIGURE 1: CHILE: ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS ...... 8 FIGURE 2: THE LOCATION OF THE TWO ISLAND GROUPS OFF CHILE...... 9 FIGURE 3: THE JUAN FERNÁNDEZ ISLANDS...... 9 FIGURE 4: THE DESVENTURADAS ISLANDS ...... 10 FIGURE 5: THE CHILEAN EEZ...... 11 FIGURE 6: THE JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER TRAP ...... 14 FIGURE 7: PROPORTION OF THE LOBSTER CATCH OF COMMERCIAL SIZE BY FISHING AREA...... 17 FIGURE 8: JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER: ANNUAL LANDINGS 1944 - 2012...... 17 FIGURE 9: LOBSTER: MEASUREMENT OF MINIMUM LANDING SIZE ...... 18 FIGURE 10. PROPORTION BY SEX & GRAVID FEMALES ...... 25 FIGURE 11: JASUS FRONTALIS: LENGTH - FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION...... 26 FIGURE 12: JASUS FRONTALIS: THEORETICAL GROWTH CURVE (MALES)...... 28 FIGURE 13: PRESENCE OF GRAVID FEMALES IN ACCORDANCE WITH MOLTING CYCLE...... 29 FIGURE 14: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARAPACE LENGTH AND FECUNDITY...... 30 FIGURE 15: JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER: BIOLOGICAL CYCLE...... 31 FIGURE 16: THE LOBSTER FISHERY AND THE BAIT FISHERY ...... 35 FIGURE 17: JUAN FERNÁNDEZ: PRINCIPAL SPECIES ...... 42
IV Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 ACRONYMS
AS Alejandro Selkirk CABS Certification Authorisation Body CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CL Carapace Length CNP Consejo Nacional de Pesca CPUE Catch per Unit Effort CR Certification Requirements EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ETP Endangered, threatened and protected FAM Fishery Assessment Methodology FAO Food & Agricultural Organisation FMP Fisheries Management Plan GCR Guidance Certification Requirements GLFA General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture HCLME Large Marine Ecosystem of the Humboldt Cu HCR Harvest Control Rule HS Harvest Strategy ID Desventuradas Islands IFC Intertek Fisheries Certification IFOP Instituto de Fomento Pesquero ISBF Introduced Species Based Fisheries ITQ individual Transferable Quota LRP Limit Reference Point LTL Lower Trophic level F Fishing mortality M Natural Mortality MLS Minimum Landing Size MPA Marine Protected Area MSC Marine Stewardship Council MSE Management Strategy Evaluation MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield mt Metric tonne PRM Post-release mortality PI Performance Indicator RBF Risk Based Framework RC Robinson Crusoe / Sta Clara RP Reference Point SERNAPESCA Servicio Nacional de Pesca STC Scientific Technical Committee SUBPESCA Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura TAC Total Allowable Catch TL Trophic level TRP Target Reference Point UoC Unit of Certification
V Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Report Objective This report sets out the result of the assessment of the CHILE JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER (JASUS FRONTALIS) TRAP FISHERY against the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing. The Fishery Proposed for Certification The MSC Guidelines to Certification Authorisation Bodies (CABS) specify that the unit of certification (UoC) is "The fishery or fish stock (=biologically distinct unit) combined with the fishing method/gear and practice (=vessel(s) pursuing the fish of that stock) and management framework."
The CHILE JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER (JASUS FRONTALIS) TRAP FISHERY proposed for certification consists of three UoC.
Species/Stock Management Area Gear Juan Fernández Lobster SUBPESCA Robinson Crusoe and Sta Clara (RC) Trap Juan Fernández Lobster SUBPESCA Alejandro Selkirk (AS) Trap Juan Fernández Lobster SUBPESCA Islas Desventuradas (ID) Trap
Assessment Highlights The certification process started with an announcement posted on the MSC web site on November 22nd, 2013. The site visit took place in January 22nd – 25th, 2014. The client draft report was presented in August, 2014. The report was sent for peer review on September 12th and the audit team reviewed the comments received and redrafted the draft report as considered appropriate the following week. The client agreed with the changes and the Public Comment Draft Report was posted on the MSC web site in late September 2014. In late October 2014, the team revised the report taking into account stakeholder comments. The client is the SUBPESCA working through the Department of Oceanography at the University of Concepción. The eligible fishers are the licensed commercial fishermen fishing lobster with trap net in Juan Fernández. The assessment team was: Patricio Arana (Expert Adviser P1 & P2) and Ian Scott (lead assessor and Expert Adviser P3). The peer reviewers were Julian Addison and Ernesto Godelman. Key Strengths & Weaknesses of the Fishery Under Assessment The Juan Fernández trap fishery for lobster takes place in three discrete areas – Robinson Crusoe / Santa Clara (RC), Alejandro Selkirk island (AS) and the Desventuradas Islands (ID). It is a limited entry artisanal fishery and restricted to fishers resident in the only permanent settlement on the islands, San Juan Bautista on Robinson Crusoe island. The fishery in RC has between 42 and 44 active vessels. The fishery in AS and ID are carried out by fishers who move to the islands for all or part of the fishing season between October 1 and May 15; 10 to 13 vessels may operate in AS and up to four in ID. Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 While the gear catches many lobsters, 90 % of them are below the minimum landing size (MLS) or are gravid females which are released live. There is strong evidence of low post release mortality. The traps are baited with fish caught by hand line or in eel traps, which in tuen may be caught using smaller fish caught by hand line as bait. Fishery management in RC and AS is based on the allocation of quasi-property rights, with defined fishing spots (marcas) belonging to individual fishers. This actd as an incentive to sustainability and reduces fishing effort compared to what it may be in an open access fishery. The situation in ID is different as the level of effort is minimal. The total landings of Juan Fernández lobster in recent years have been about 100 mt; this compares to historic low levels experienced from the mid-1970s to the early 2000s when the average annual take was less than 40 mt. After capture, the lobster is stored in sea cages for subsequent transport by boat or air to the mainland, where it is kept in ponds for sale live to customers in countries such as China and France. Although there has been substantial work on the resource especially in RC there is insufficient data to complete a rigorous resource assessment. This led to the risk based framework being used in this assessment to score PI 1.1.1. While there is a clear harvest strategy of maintaining the stock and protecting recruitment, it was concluded that there are not well defined harvest control rules to manage the fishery in the event of a reduction in catch. Information is good apart from in ID. The main issue in relation to Principle 2 (P2) is the impact of the fishery on bait species, especially breca. While currently there are limited concerns about the populations of bait species, there is a need for a management strategy for their protection which should be based on improved information, especially in AS and ID. While the fishery has limited interaction with ETP species, the lack of formal data indicates the need to improve information and confirm the position. The main weakness of the fishery in relation to the MSC standard is the fishery specific management system; fishery specific objectives are lacking and there is not a formal decision making process. While research takes place this is not within the context of a formal research plan that covers all MSC issues. Management performance evaluation is absebt. While it is anticipated that the upcoming fisheries management plan (FMP) will respond to these weaknesses, this is not considered in the scoring that relates to the current position. Given the logistics of the fishery and the comprehensive nature of monitoing by SERNAPESCA, it is concluded that chain of custody should begin with the delivery of the live lobster to the holding facilities in mainland Chile. The Results A summary of the overall scores is:
2 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Principle RC AS ID P 1 – Target Species 82.4 83.0 81.1 P 2 – Ecosystem 80.3 81.7 85.0 P 3 – Management System 83.0 83.0 83.0
The audit team makes one recommendation. While it is noted that recommendations are not mandatory, to support the annual surveillance programme while ensuring correct information is available to managers, the Assessment team believes that the potential to require adoption of escape windows be examined in the up-coming FMP. Certification Determination The fishery attained a score of 80 on the three MSC Principles. It is therefore recommended that THE CHILE JUAN FERNÁNDEZ LOBSTER (JASUS FRONTALIS) TRAP FISHERY should be certified against the Marine Stewardship Council Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing. Conditions to Certification Determination The fishery attained a score of below 80 against a number of PIs (RC = 7; AS = 8; ID = 8). The client is required to address these to improve performance to at least the 80 level within a defined period. As a standard condition of certification, the client has developed an ‘Action Plan’ (CAP) to address the conditions for continued certification. A summary of the conditions is:
Related to # Condition PI previously raised condition? RC1 RC: There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place 1.2.2 No AS1 AS: There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place 1.2.2 No ID1 ID: There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place 1.2.2 No ID2 ID: Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy 1.2.3 No RC2 RC: There is a strategy in place for managing retained species that is designed to ensure 2.1.2 No the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species AS2 AS: There is a strategy in place for managing retained species that is designed to ensure 2.1.2 No the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species AS3 AS: Information on the nature and extent of retained species is adequate to determine the 2.1.3 No risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species ID3 ID: Information on the nature and extent of retained species is adequate to determine the 2.1.3 No risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species RC3 RC: Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on 2.3.3 No ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. AS4 AS: Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on 2.3.3 No ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to
3 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 determine the outcome status of ETP species. ID4 ID: Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP 2.3.3 No species, including: Information for the development of the management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. RC4 RC: The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed 3.2.1 No by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 AS5 AS: The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed 3.2.1 No by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 ID5 ID: The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed 3.2.1 No by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 RC5 RC: The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes 3.2.2 No that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. AS6 AS: The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes 3.2.2 No that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. ID5 ID: The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes 3.2.2 No that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. RC6 RC: The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management 3.2.4 No AS7 AS: The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management 3.2.4 No ID7 ID: The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management 3.2.4 No RC7 RC: There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific 3.2.5 No management system against its objectives. There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system AS8 AS: There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific 3.2.5 No management system against its objectives. There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system ID8 ID: There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific 3.2.5 No management system against its objectives. There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system
4 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 1. AUTHORS AND PEER REVIEWERS 1.1 AUTHORS Expert Adviser P1 / P2: Patricio Arana. Patricio has had a long and successful career since he gained his first degree in 1967 and subsequently his Masters in the Management of Marine Resources in 1979. Currently, he is Professor in the School of Marine Sciences at the Catholic University of Valparaiso. He sits on the Chilean Commission for the Conservation of Living Marine Resources in the Antarctic and undertakes consultancy work on a wide range of issues. He has extensive research experience in stock assessments including rock lobster and other crustaceans, and the ecosystem implications of fishery practices. He undertook scientific research projects related to the Juan Fernández lobster fishery between 1969 and 2010. Lead Auditor /Expert Adviser P3: Ian Scott. Ian is a fisheries consultant specialising in fisheries certifications, fisheries policy and fishery management issues with over 30 years of experience in the fishery sector. In recent years, amongst other things he has advised the Governments of Turkey, Montenegro, Serbia, the Dominican Republic and Yemen on fisheries policy, including fisheries management, fleet development, the need for scientific research and fishery related environmental issues. He contributed to fisheries management plans for Turkey, Serbia and Montenegro. Ian has work as coordinator and P3 specialist on a large number of MSC assessments and is lead assessor and P3 specialist including a number that are on-going. In addition, he has completed a large number of pre- assessments. He is a certified auditor for the MSC chain of custody. Ian is trained in the use of the Risk Based Framework (RBF). 1.2 PEER REVIEWERS Ernesto Godelman. Ernesto has been involved in the fishery sustainability over 20 years. His postgraduate studies include Fishery Administration, Assessment Models and Onboard Fishing Vessel Observation. Ernesto founded CeDePesca (Centro Desarrollo y Pesca Sustentable) in 1997, which is devoted to working with fishers, managers, researchers and market forces for sustainable and equitable fisheries in Latin America. This NGO has a particular focus on social and management issues, as well as transparency and encouraging dialogue to remove obstacles to sustainability. CeDePesca uses market forces, particularly interest in certification programs such as MSC, to leverage sustainable fisheries. Ernesto is currently heading a number of FIPs such as Guatemala mahi, Brazilian lobster and Peruvian hake. In the past, he was contracted for several years by the Sustainable Fisheries Partnerships and MSC as their representative for Latin America. He has run several workshops in Peru and Chile on the ERAEF method under the Humboldt Current Project. He has worked with a number of artisanal fisheries in Latin America and Chile. Julian Addison. Julian is an independent fisheries consultant with 30 years’ experience in stock assessment and management advice on shellfish fisheries, with a background of scientific research on shellfish biology and population dynamics and inshore fisheries. Until 2010, he worked at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) in England where he was Senior Shellfish Advisor to Government policy makers. This involved working closely with marine managers, legislators
5 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 and stakeholders, Government Statutory Nature Conservation Organisations and NGOs. Allso he worked as a visiting scientist at DFO in Halifax, Nova Scotia and at NMFS in Woods Hole, Massachusetts where he experienced shellfish management approaches in North America. He was a member of the Scientific Committee and the UK delegation to the International Whaling Commission providing scientific advice to the UK Commissioner for four years. He has worked extensively with ICES and was chair of the working group on the biology and life history of crabs, a member of the working group on crangon fisheries and life history and a member of the steering group on ecosystems function. He has completed or is currently undertaking a number of MSC full assessments. He has also undertaken various MSC pre-assessments and has carried out peer reviews of MSC assessments in both Europe and North America for lobster, cold water prawn, razorfish, cockle and scallop fisheries. Other recent work includes a review of the stock assessment model for blue crabs in Chesapeake Bay, USA, and an assessment of three Alaskan crab fisheries under the FAO-based Responsible Fisheries Management scheme. 1.3 TRAINING IN THE RBF Ian Scott has completed training in the use of Risk Based Framework (RBF) as provided by Intertek Fisheries Certification (IFC). He has used the approach in a number of fisheries. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY 2.1 UNITS OF CERTIFICATION AND SCOPE OF CERTIFICATION SOUGHT 2.1.1 Eligibility for Certification against the MSC Standard The fishery may be assessed within the scope of the Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing as: It is not conducted under a controversial unilateral exemption to an international agreement; Fishing operations do not use destructive fishing practices; The fishery is not the subject of controversy and/or dispute; The fishery has not previously failed an assessment or had a certificate withdrawn. 2.1.2 Units of Certification The MSC Guidelines to Certifiers specify that the unit of certification (UoC) is "The fishery or fish stock (=biologically distinct unit) combined with the fishing method/gear and practice (=vessel(s) pursuing the fish of that stock)”. Table 1 shows the UoCs for the trap fishery under assessment. Table 1: Units of Certification
Species: Juan Fernández Lobster (Jasus frontalis) Fishing Method: Trap Geographical Area: Chilean EEZ - Islands Robinson Crusoe & Sta. Clara Management System: SUBPESCA Client Group: SUBPESCA Eligible Fishers: Licensed fishers in Juan Fernández.
6 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Species: Juan Fernández Lobster (Jasus frontalis) Fishing Method: Trap Geographical Area: Chilean EEZ - Island Alejandro Selkirk Management System: SUBPESCA Client Group: SUBPESCA Eligible Fishers: Licensed fishers in Juan Fernández.
Species: Juan Fernández Lobster (Jasus frontalis) Fishing Method: Trap Geographical Area: Chilean EEZ- Desventuradas Islands Management System: SUBPESCA Client Group: SUBPESCA Eligible Fishers: Licensed fishers in Juan Fernández.
2.1.3 Rationale for Units of Certification The trap fishery for Juan Fernández Lobster in Chilean waters targets a single species with a specific gear.The fishermen and fishing gear are well defined. The fishery is managed by the Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura (SUBPESCA). There are no links between the adult lobster populations in the three areas. 2.1.4 Eligible Fishers The eligible fishers are those licensed to fish lobster in the UoCs. There are no other fishers of the resource. 2.1.5 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Enhanced Fisheries The fishery under assessment is not enhanced. The species is native to the geographic region; the natural reproductive components of the stock, from which the fishery’s catch originates, maintain themselves without having to be restocked. 2.1.6 Scope of Assessment in Relation to Introduced Species Based Fisheries (ISBF) The fishery under assessment is not ISBF. 2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE FISHERY 2.2.1 Fishing Area Chile has a continental coastline of 4,337 km (measured on a straight line) and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of about 2.8 million km2. Fisheries management in Chile is based on the country’s 15 administrative regions (figure 1). Juan Fernández lobster is only found in waters around the Juan Fernández Archipelago and ID. The sparsely inhabited archipelago of Juan Fernández is a located in the South Pacific Ocean about 672 km off the coast of Chile (figure 2). It consists of three volcanic islands; Robinson Crusoe which is beside the much smaller Santa Clara and, about 150 km to the west, Alejandro Selkirk (AS) (Figure 3). 7 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Together they have an area of about 10,000 ha. Only Robinson Crusoe is permanently settled, with the population of about 850 living in San Juan Bautista, Cumberland Bay (photo 1). Alejandro Selkirk is only inhabited during the lobster fishing season. The islands are part of Chile’s Valparaiso Region (Region V). Throughout the rest of the report “Robinson Crusoe” (RC) covers that island and Santa Clara. The Desventuradas (ID) is a group of four inhospitable small islands (figure 4, photo 2) located 850 km off the coast of Chile about 780 km north of Juan Fernández. Ambrose Island has vegetative cover with nesting seabirds. Its area is 10.3 km ². Isla San Felix has a length of about 2,500 m. The central area of the island, the narrowest, is covered at high tide. Adjacent is the islet González. The Cathedral is a rocky islet 19 km from Ambrose. The lack of ground water means that apart from the naval base, the islands are uninhabited; fishers from Juan Fernández migrate there on a seasonal basis if permitted by the military authorities. It is not part of any municipal authority. Chile has declared EEZs around both island groups (figure 5). Figure 1: Chile: Administrative Regions
Northern Zone Regions I, II and XV
Northern Central Z o n e R eg io n s III an d IV
S o u th e rn C en tra l Z o n e R e g io n s V – IX, X (to Puerto Montt an d X IV
S o u th e rn (A u s tra l) Z o n e R e g io n s X (from Puerto Montt), XI and XII
8 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Figure 2: The Location of the Two Island Groups off Chile
Source: Eddy et al Figure 3: The Juan Fernández Islands
Source: http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://mappery.com/maps/Juan-Fernández-Islands-Topographic- Map.mediumthumb.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mappery.com/Juan-Fernández-Islands-Topographic- Map&h=217&w=600&sz=35&tbnid=J3k5ZH6iudLYbM:&tbnh=40&tbnw=110&zoom=1&usg=__k7O7eW6cRKqpVhyz5B6YawJ2V8k=&docid=86tATiv64xZ6C M&sa=X&ei=KOEMUtSxBKiU0AXSs4DoBg&ved=0CE4Q9QEwAw&dur=1772 9 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Photo 1: Cumberland Bay
Source: http://www.mediateca.cl/900/chile/ecosistemas%20de%20chile/Ecosistema%20de%20chile%20islas%20oceanicas.htm Figure 4: The Desventuradas Islands
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Desventuradas_islands_(Chile).jpg
10 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Photo 2: The Desventuradas
Source: http://www.mediateca.cl/900/chile/ecosistemas%20de%20chile/Ecosistema%20de%20chile%20islas%20oceanicas.htm Figure 5: The Chilean EEZ
Source: http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/152.aspx
11 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 2.2.2 Fishery Three species of lobster are found in Chilean waters: Easter Island spiny lobster (Panulirus pascuensis), Chilean jagged lobster (Projasus bahamondei) and Juan Fernández spiny lobster (Jasus frontalis). The first is only captured for local consumption; the second lives in deep waters and is not targeted due to its relatively low abundance; and the third supports an important comercial fishery. Juan Fernández lobster is endemic to the Juan Fernández and ID. Formerly, it was considered that the South Pacific lobster fishery was centred on a single species with a circum-southern distribution in cold waters. However, in the early 1960s, six geographically isolated Jasus species were identifed: J. frontalis; J. novae hollandiae off south east Australia and Tasmania, J. edwardsii New Zealand, and J. verreauxi south east Australia and north of New Zealand. The fishery is officially classified as ‘‘artisanal’’ with exclusive fishing rights from land to five nautical miles (nm) offshore vested in registered fishers living on the archipelago. Fishers from mainland Chile are not permitted to fish for lobster in this area. Small vessels with outboard motors set traps to fish lobster during the fishing season, usually leaving them to soak for two days. An ancillary part of the fishery is the harvest of other fish to use as bait in the traps. Small pelagic fish are taken by hand line to bait the vertical long lines used to capture larger fish or traps to take moray eels. There is no trawling or gill netting in Juan Fernández. 2.2.3 History of the Fishery As reported by Eddy et al 2010, visitors to the Juan Fernández Archipelago in the 1700s found that lobsters were ‘‘… in such abundance near the water’s edge …. that the boat-hooks often struck into them, in putting the boats to and from the shore’’ and were ‘‘found in such quantities that the fishermen have no other trouble than to strew a little meat upon the shore, and when they come to devour this bait, as they do in immense numbers, to turn them on their backs with a stick…’’. Almost one hundred years later, lobsters ‘‘were fished at depths of 7 to 14 m’’ while fifty years after ‘‘the best catch is made in depths from 40 to 80 m”. Subsistence fishing took place close to the settlement. The commercial fishery for lobster in RC started in the latter years of the nineteenth century, with effort in the intertidal zone and shallow sub-tidal depths. Since then, there have been changes in fishing equipment, gear, fishing grounds, vessel ownership, marketing and regulations. Until 2007, the design of the fishing boat changed little, but since then fiber glass boats have been introduced to reduce maintenance costs with the number operating growning rapidly after the loss of wooden boats in the 2010 tsunami. The introduction of motors in the 1910s extended the range of the fishery around RC and led to an increase in the number of active vessels from 24 in 1930 to 41 in 1945. From the early 1970s to 2004 the number of vessels remained fairly constant at about 50. Data on the catch of lobster has been collected since 1930. Since 2004 there has been a moratorium on the entry of new boats into the lobster fishery. At the start, effort in the commercial fishery was concentrated around RC with some in AS from the 1930s. In 1983 a closed season was introduced in RC but not in AS until 2004 when, for the first time in
12 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Chile, fishers requested a management measure. In recent years, a small number of fishers have harvested the grounds around ID. Typically, due to the higher transport costs and less competition, the landed price of lobster in AS and ID has been significantly less than in RC. It is understood, however, that in the 2012/13 season reduced landings in RC led to AS fishers receiving the same price. At the start, baskets were used to catch lobster and they were regularly checked to ensure the lobster did not escape. Rectangular wooden traps, baited with small pelagics, whitefish and moray eels, were introduced in the 1950s. The “L” trap replaced the “I” trap in the early 1980s resulting in a 30% increase in the average catch. Efficiency was further improved with the innovation of small hydraulic winches in the late 1990s. These reduced handling time and allowed fishermen to set more traps. Juan Fernández was declared a national park in 1935 and in 1977 UNESCO declared the islands a World Biosphere Reserve.1 2.2.4 Fishing Vessels As informed on the site visit, until 2010 only about half of the boats operating in Juan Fernández held licenses.However the situation was regularized with the opening of a permanent SERNAPESCA office in Cumberland Bay and 82 fishing boats are now registered. Cumberland Bay is the base for the fleet of 42 to 44 vessels that fish Juan Fernández lobster around RC. During the fishing season (October 1 – May 14), 10 to 13 boats along with the fishers and their families are based on AS. While Ernst et al (2010) reported that the need to beach the vessels after each trip limited the number of boats that could operate out of AS, others do not see this as a limiting factor (Pers. Comm. Pablo Manriquez). The navy or a privately owned boat transport a small number of boats from RC to the IDesventuradas in those years when the military authorities based on ID provide permission. There is a moratorium on the number of vessels allowed to operate in the lobster fishery and a waiting list for licenses. Other boats in RC target demersal and pelagic species and crab, with landings processed in small plants for consumption in the mainland and local markets. The design of wooden fishing boats built on Robinson Crusoe was based on whaling ships. The fiberglass vessels are basically the same although some have been adapted to provide covered sleeping accommodation at the bow. While regulations allow artisanal vessels of up to 18 m, licensed vessels in this fishery measure 8 m to 10 m. Fishers have resisted the introduction of larger vessels with a capacity greater than the current average of 30 traps per vessel. While winches reduce manual labor, the size of the vessels and the need to tend individual traps every two days is an effective limit on fishing effort. Some vessels have fish finders and fishers use GPS. There is a two boat limit on ownership.
1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves 13 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 2.2.5 Gear Description The wooden traps (1.35 m by 0.78 m by 0.37 m) are of traditional design (Figure 6, Photo 3, Photo 4).A frame of eucalyptus with bars of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) or eucalyptus is covered with plastic mesh on at least one side. The trap is divided into two chambers. At the top of the first chamber, a plastic tube allows lobsters to enter in search of the bait but, due to the lack of a grip, they cannot escape. Bait is placed in the first chamber that is connected to a second chamber through a horizontal funnel. Escape vents allowing under-size to exit the trap have been adopted by some fishers; others have resisted due, it is said, to concerns about the bio-degradability of the material used to make the vent, and the need to gauge stock status by counting the number of non-commercial lobsters taken. Over the season, lobster traps set around RC cover virtually all grounds in a depth range of a few meters to 180 m. as through the season fishing activity moves offshore. Traps are soaked individually and are usually tended every two days. A trap is moved elsewhere or taken out of the water if the catch of commercial size lobsters reduces below fishers expectations. Due to the lower number of vessels, activity around AS and DV is less intense. It is reported that occasionally traps may be lost at sea, but it is claimed that ghost fishing is limited as the wood quickly rots and the trapped lobsters escape. Figure 6: The Juan Fernández Lobster Trap
. Arana & Ziller, 1985
14 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Photo 3: Fishers Preparing to Set the Trap
Ernst et al., 2010 Photo 4: The Catch
Ernst et al., 2010 15 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 2.2.6 Catch Total Catch The catch consists of commercial size lobsters (i.e. greater or equal than the MLS of 115 mm) and non- commercial lobster (i.e. less than 115 mm). It has been estimated that the proportion of non- commercial to commercial ranges from 9:1 to 12:1. Accordingly, a catch of 80 mt of commercial lobster would imply a total lobster catch of between 800 mt and 1,040 mt. The actual proportion varies by fishing area (figure 7) and month. The under-sized live lobsters are returned to the sea and there is strong evidence of high survivability, with fishers repeatedly catching tagged animals. Landings Data on the number of lobsters caught per season is available from 1925 with figures based on the estimated average weight of individuals. Landings data for Juan Fernández lobster in Fishery Yearbooks (SERNAPESCA) do not distinguish between catches in the individual islands. Historically, there have been strong inter-annual fluctuations in landings. Peak harvests recorded between 1935 and 1950 were followed by a period of relative stability until the mid-1960s; subsequently landings declines until stabilizing to fluctuate around a historic low level from 1980 to 2000 (Figure 8). Since 2004, catches have increased significantly. In 2011 and 2012, landings were 106 mt and 100 mt respectively. The reasons for the decline and recovery of the stock are not clear. However, recovery is considered to be associated with the strong recruitment since 1995, possibly linked to favorable oceanographic conditions. It is not due to any change in the fishery. Retained and By-catch Species The directed lobster trap fishery is highly selective. The fishers and their families consume the occasional by-catch of octopus while crab, (“centolla de Juan Fernández” (Paramo rathbuni)) is discarded live. Several species are used to bait the lobster traps (see below). 2.2.7 Fishing Season The fishery closes from May 15th to September 30th to protect recruitment. This allows fishing earlier than might otherwise be the case if only biological factors were considered so fishers may supply the lucrative Christmas and New Year market. The fishery is characterized by a dual approach to management with formal measures working alongside an informal system (“marcas” – see below). Regulations The regulations consist of three long-standing measures (the first management measures were introduced in the early 1900s and are among the oldest in Chile).
16 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Figure 7: Proportion of the lobster catch of commercial size by fishing area
Figure 8: Juan Fernández Lobster: Annual Landings 1944 - 2012
160
140
120 )
n 100 o t (
e u q
r 80 a b m e s
e 60 D
40
20
0 1944 1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 Año
Source: SERNAPESCA
17 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 1. A closed season in the reproductive period.2 To reduce the risk of illegal fishing, lobsters possessed, transported or sold during the closure must be of catches declared before May 15 and sold until 20 September of the same year.3 2. A minimum carapace length (CL) for commercial lobster of 11.5 cm4 (Figure 9). This MLS implies a catch of animals aged 12 to 14 years old that have reproduced over several years. Below-size animals must be returned live to the sea.5 This compares to MLS in the MSC certified Tristan da Cunha spiny lobster fishery of between 68 mm CL and 75 mm CL, where size at maturity has been estimated at between 55 mm CL and 60 mm CL. For that fishery, it was reported that the release of non-commercial fish was 40 % although in one part of the fishery very few lobsters below MLS were encountered (Gascoigne et al 2011). 3. A prohibition on the capture of gravid females; gravid females must be returned live to the sea.6 The fishery may be considered as self-regulating with fishers not fishing marcas when the yield of commercial lobster per trap reduces to below the expected quantity. To avoid interaction between different gears, the trap is the only fishing gear authorized to catch lobster.7 Figure 9: Lobster: Measurement of Minimum Landing Size
Source: Arana & Ziller, 1985
2 Juan Fernandez Archipelago May 15 - September 30 inclusive (Decree No. 223 of 11/abr/63 OJ N º 25,537, of 09/may/63; Decree No. 311 23/abr/04 OJ N º 37,852, of 05/may/04); Desventuradas 1 June - 30 September (Decree No. 1584 30/abr/34 OJ N º 16,971, of 12/sep/34. 3 Decree No. 399 of 04/jul/67 OJ N º 26,796, of 19/jul/67 4 D.S. (MIN FOM) Nº 1584 1934 5 Decreto Nº188 del 07/sep/72, D.O. Nº26.796, del 04/oct/72; Decreto Nº1584 del 30/abr/34, D.O. Nº16.971, del 12/sep/34. 6 Decreto Nº188 del 07/sep/72, D.O. Nº26.796, del 04/oct/72; Decreto Nº1584 del 30/abr/34, D.O. Nº16.971, del 12/sep/34. 7 Resolution No. 957 of 06/oct/92 OJ No. 34,387 10 / oct/92. 18 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 There is limited entry in the fishery with a new vessel only allowed to replace one exiting the fleet.8 While there is not a formal limit on the number of traps per boat, in practice the size of the vessels and the capacity to check traps regularly is the limiting factor and the average is 30. In the past, concern about the potential for over fishing led to calls for management measures to restrict outputs. Arana (1985) recommended the introduction of annual catch quotas, limiting the fishing effort to the existing level, introducing escape vents, extending the closed season, diversifying the fishery with greater activity in ID and ensuring effective implementation of the regulations. While a total allowable catch (TAC) has not been established due to the preference to maintain the informal approach, this possibility has not been discounted for the future if the harvest was once again to decline. The bait fisheries do not have any formal regulations; effort is related to the lobster season. However, fishermen voluntarily limit effort to hand line, vertical long line and eel traps; they do not use gill nets. It is perceived that fishers understand the need for a sustainable fishery and non-compliance with regulations is rare. Indeed, in 2009 fishers requested the permanent presence of a SERNAPESCA inspector in RC. A limited amount of under-sized lobster may be used for home consumption, but there are limited options to transport illegal catch to the mainland for commercial sale. SERNAPESCA strictly monitors the holding cages located in Cumberland Bay, the transport of product by sea or air, and the arrival of shipments from the continent. Marcas “Marcas’ are an important part of the traditional approach to management. These give quasi-property rights that restrict the setting of a trap on specific locations to the “owner”. Ownership is based on historic rights, or acquired by inheritance or the purchase of a vessel. “Marcas” are not bought and sold but may be loaned. Ernst et al 2010 identified 3,762 “marcas” in RC, implying an average of just less than 90 per boat with 30 being fished at anyone time. In Selkirk there are 993 marcas, or an average of about 75 per vessel. Individual fishers own a number of “marcas”: some of these may not be fished for an extended period while others may be fished for all or part of the season; they may be located in the same areas or spread around the islands. Those fished by a specific boat may belong to the boat owner, family members or crew members or may be borrowed from non-active fishers. The number of “active marcas” depends on the availability of commercial sized lobster, the number of traps owned by an individual and the physical limit on the number of marcas that can be attended every 2 days. The marcas system is considered to have brought stability to the size of the fishing fleet (SUBPESCA), while the size of the boat and type of engine provides an effective limit to total fishing effort. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) varies considerably between locations; some have high yields while others are lower. In turn, this affects fishers’ income. Analysis identified five different income groups; 13.3 %
8 Res. (SUBPESCA) Nº 3356 de 2004; Res. (SUBPESCA) Nº 4011 2009. 19 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 of the vessels were in the lowest earning group and 4.4 % in the highest. The share of the other three groups was similar (Cea, 2001). 3. PRINCIPLE ONE: TARGET SPECIES BACKGROUND 3.1 STOCK STATUS As described by MSC “this PI measures the current status of the target species resource relative to the target and limit reference points. The performance requirement under this PI is expressed in terms of biomass, and makes reference to two indicator points: the stock status at which there is an appreciable risk that recruitment is impaired; and a target reference point. The recruitment risk point is used in preference to a limit reference point to judge the status of the stock because management decision rules may vary in their application of limit reference points” (MSC GCR v1.3). While several investigations have improved understanding of the biological aspects of the lobster fishery, the lack of reliable growth parameters and the unknown reasons for the marked variations in abundance leads to assessments being considered as indicative rather than definitive. A first attempt at estimating the size of the lobster stock around Robinson Crusoe in 1981 determined that the vulnerable biomass was about 2,000,000 animals (Pavez & Arana, 1982). Since then, a number of methodological approaches have been used to evaluate the resource and its status (Pavez & Arana, 1982; Larraín & Yanez, 1983, Arana, 1983; Yáñez et al, 1985; Henríquez et al, 1985; Yáñez et al, 2000; Arana et al, 2006) (see Table 2). Yáñez et al., 2000 determined stock status using natural mortality (M) of 0.18 and an analysis of reference fishing mortalities (F) derived from the equilibrium yield model by Thompson & Bell. The calculated F was 0.63 in males and 0.81 in females. These were lower than the estimated Fmax of 0.86 (males) and 1.15 (females,) and higher than F0.1 (0.30 (males) and 0.31 (females)). Using this scenario, it was concluded that harvest rates were high and the average biomass would reduce in the long term and provide an annual catch of 50 mt (male + female). This quantity was significantly lower than an exploitation rate of F0.1, giving an annual catch of about 70 mt. It was concluded that: (i) fishing at that level should be addressed with caution, especially as it had been found that exploitation rates exceeding 10% in species of similar biological characteristics elsewhere had led to serious population declines; (ii) Juan Fernández lobster was overfished; and (iii) formal management measures were needed to control outputs (TACs and quotas). The recommendation was to slightly reduce annual landings to minimize the effects of growth overfishing in the long term, corresponding to a strategy of exploitation of F0.1 equivalent to 25 mt (10.4 and 14.6 mt for males and females respectively) or about 10% lower than the then level. Ernst et al (2012) note “contrary to (these) expectations, landings have steadily increased over the last eight years; the catch from the 2010/11 being the second highest in five decades. This rebound is indicative of factors other than fishing as significant drivers of the cycles of abundance well known to fishermen. Our reconstruction of trends highlighted serious limitations of key indicators used in diagnostics. A reporting error in landing statistics was misconstrued by Eddy et al. (2010) as a two-year closure that never happened. Stock assessments conducted at various times concluded that effort was 32% to 136% above the optimal level. Trends in abundance have defied predictions of imminent
20 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 collapse (“the stock may be showing a resistance to extinction”, Yáñez et al., 1985). The Eddy et al (2010) model predicted “the business as usual scenario to result in the lowest stock biomass at all time”.
21 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 Table 2: Summary of Stock Evaluations for Juan Fernández Lobster in Robinson Crusoe / Santa Clara.
Source: Ernst et al. (2010b)
Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernández Lobster v3 9/14 default tree outcome SGs, the RBF may be used”. Given the dearth of data on the status of the lobster stock, this approach is applied for the assessment of this fishery. 3.2 REFERENCE POINTS The intent of this PI is to ensure that indicators are in place that reduce the risk of a fishery impairing reproductive capacity. The use of indicators is an option to traditional biological (target, limit and trigger) reference points. For example, MSC notes, “In some crustacean species, fishery management strategies might seek to protect from harvest the complete female reproductive capacity in the population (i.e., single sex harvest). The trigger or reference points involved could relate to metrics such as per cent fertilized eggs and or other female population indicators that are evaluating the management system’s effectiveness at achieving its goal”. There has not been a reliable analysis to determine biological reference points (BRP) for lobster. In data deficient fisheries, the reference point PI is scored at 80. 3.3 STOCK RECOVERY The Juan Fernández lobster stock is not in a recovery process. 3.4 HARVEST STRATEGY The harvest strategy (HS) is composed of linked harvest control rules (HCR) and tools, monitoring, and assessment method to ensure that management achieves its objectives. These objectives are operationalized through the use of RP.. MSC guidance on the approach to assessing HS in data deficient fisheries highlights that an assessment should consider how elements of the harvest strategy combine to manage impact, such that susceptibility is maintained at or below acceptable levels given the productivity of the species. The assessment should: (i) factor in the likelihood of changes within the fishery that could potentially lead to an increase in the risk of impact from fishing activity over time; and (ii) consider how elements of the strategy are combining to ensure that the fishery is moving in the desired direction or operating at a low risk level and that qualitative or semi-quantitative objectives are being achieved. There should be evidence that the expected objectives are being achieved. Evidence may be demonstrated through local knowledge or research. Also for consideration is the extent to which there is a feedback and learning mechanism to inform the harvest strategy on an ongoing basis. This could be through informal stakeholder processes that are based on local knowledge of the fishery or any other less subjective review process. As described by Ernst et al (2012) the lobster fishery has been declared as “fully exploited”, and under the old fisheries act, a formal management plan (FMP) (Article 8 of the Law) was required. Inter alia, this would specify the access regime and conservation-oriented operational rules. The new fisheries law confirms the need for an FMP, and the process in the fishery under assessment has begun with nomination of a fishery management committee. It is anticipated that the completed plan will provide the legal means to incorporate locally-devised operational rules, such as a self- imposed limit on the size of boats, that are more restrictive than definitions contained in Law.
MSC CR 3.1 CC1.1 states that “if a team concludes there are insufficient data to score a fishery using This PI assesses the control rules and actions that management takes in response to changes in the fishery and/or changes in status in relation to reference points. MSC requires that this PI should address the design and plausibility of harvest control rules (HCRs) and management tools to control exploitation of the whole stock under assessment. MSC provides guidance on the approach to assessing HCR for fisheries where there are informal approaches: CABS should “assess the extent to which there are management tools and measures in place that are consistent with ensuring that susceptibility of the target species to removal is no higher than that which would cause the risk to the target species to be above an acceptable risk range. Measures could be spatial, temporal, or changes to gear overlap. Assessments should also consider measures in place to respond to changes in the fishery. For example, by reducing susceptibility of target species when the fishery is not heading in the direction of its objectives” (GCR Section 2.6). The prevailing harvest control rule of maintaining the stock at Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) reflects the implications to the local economy should production fall without a compensating increase in real average unit values. On that basis, the rules emphasize the importance of protecting recruitment while the sustainability of the fishery has been promoted by the adoption of “marcas”. However, there is not a defined management response to any reduced abundance. 3.5.2 Tools Ernst et al (2010) note that “formal regulations (cover) legal size, season, no egg-carrying females. Until the introduction of a moratorium, no formal effort controls of any sort were in force, other than gear type (“no diving”). Yet, we found that an effective but unwritten sea-tenure system had put a cap on the size of the fishing force for decades. Use and transfer of rights over marcas, which are identified by alignments of land features, are regulated by informal but well-established internal rules”. Ernst et al (2012) note “although under the provisions of the current moratorium license replacements are only permitted within boat class (defined by length), the fisheries act establishes a maximum length of 18 m for artisanal boats, substantially larger than the boats currently in use in the lobster fishery”. Any increase in size would potentially increase the fishing effort (number of traps fished at any one time) if there were a way to tend an increased number of traps efficiently. “Potentially the number of vessels could increase if vessels on the “waiting list” were granted a permit, it could enter the fishery provided that the crew includes local fishermen who own marcas. In addition to boat size there are other operational rules that can contribute to limit effort” From conversations with SUBPESCA in the course of the site visit, it was clear that the potential for TACs and quotas would be open to discussion, as would an extension of the closed season. However, there is no clarity on the steps that would be taken, or definition of a trigger reference point when the need for action would be considered a priority. 3.6 INFORMATION AND MONITORING 3.6.1 Information Stock Structure Generally, females predominate in the summer months and males during the rest of the year. Gravid
3.5.1 Harvest Control Rules Research has identified that the minimum size of lobster caught by the traps is 58 mm CL; smaller animals are rarely found. The length frequency distribution shows a roughly unimodal distribution, with the most common sizes in both sexes between 85 mm and 95 mm carapace length, from which frequency decreases progressively (Figure 11). A small percentage of the catch consists of lobster greater than the MLS, with the ratio below and above 115 mm being about 10:1. Due to the capture of small lobster, two investigations were completed in Robinson Crusoe to research the potential for escape windows in the traps (Arana & Diaz, 1986; Arana et al, 2010, 2011). These found that circular escape vents, with a diameter of 83 mm, maximize the retention of specimens of commercial length, while permitting the escape of sub-legal components. Increased escape reduces the risk of post release mortality (PRM) or injury during handling and the impact of stress, changes in pressure, ghost fishing or predation by other species within the traps. Figure 10. Proportion by Sex & Gravid females Despite the value of escape widows being demonstrated, their use is not compulsory. The auditors recommend that the potential to require adoption of escape windows be examined in the up- coming FMP. Comparison of catch data since 1947 for RC indicates a decrease in the average length of lobster found in the traps, especially commercial size lobsters. This is mainly due to the disappearance of larger specimens due to increased effort and catch. Range The range of adults is restricted to the waters around RC,AS and ID. Although it is thought that there is no mixing of the stocks between the islands, Porović et al 2012 considered that there could be a meta-population, with a high level of connectivity in the archipelago of Juan Fernández and a considerable amount of larvae around ID. Habitat The depth distribution of Juan Fernández lobster is between 2 m and 200 m, with some migration in the period October to May from shallow to deeper waters. Lobsters inhabit rocky bottoms and, during the molt period, sandy bottoms. annual catch is based mostly on individuals reaching legal size during the year, and implying that those “recruits” are subject to high harvest rates. By that account the Juan Fernández lobster stock, like other spiny lobsters, can be considered highly productive even when individual lobsters grow slowly”. Albert (1898) points out that larger lobsters molt between October and December, at a reduced frequency from younger specimens. The animal completely buries itself in the sand, leaving only the eyes and the antennas visible. The exo-skeleton divides on the upper part of the hinge region between the abdomen and carapace to facilitate the exit of the body and appendages. On the basis of observations in aquariums, Dupré (2000a 2000b) found that males molt between February and March, when water temperatures decrease (17.8 to 16.8°C). In contrast, females begin to molt at the end of April, when the temperature drops to 14.1°C, until mid-June when the temperature is 12.9°C. From July, water temperatures begin to increase. According to Arana & Martínez (1985), the highest percentage of soft shell individuals (males and females) is in December-January and September. This broadly agrees with the results of Dupré (2000a 2000b). The molting process begins with the softening of branqueostegal plates, a process that increases as the time of ecdysis (Elorza & Dupré, 1996) approaches and can last up to 35 days. On the other hand, Arana et al. (1985) note that in females, the highest incidence of molted specimens were found in May and June, as was found by Dupré (2000a 2000b). Because crustaceans grow through molting, studies have focused on increasing the size found at ecdysis and frequency or time interval that elapses between the occurrence of each molt. Studies by Arana & Martínez (1982), Venturini (1993), Arana & Olate (2000) and Ernst et al. (2010) defined molts by increments from 4.1 to 11.62 mm (Table 3), which shows a particularly slow growth in this species.
Table 3: Jasus frontales - Increase in length by Molt
Increase (mm) Sex Author
8,32 -11,62 Both Arana (1983) 8,9 Both Arana & Martínez (1985) 7,5 M Venturini (1993) 4,1 F Venturini (1993) 6,6 Both Arana et al. (1996) 6,6 Both Arana & Olate (2000) 5.0 M Ernst et al. (2010)
Ernst et al (2012) note “scientists generally agree that this is a “recruitment fishery”, meaning that the Source: Arana & Martínez (1982) According to Lengerich (1948) AS lobster from grows slower than that of RC. This is probably due to competition for food, as the population is less exploited than RC and has a higher density. The author considers that the current regulatory MLS of 115 mm CL corresponds to 230 mm in total length, and at the end of the 6th year a lobster will reach the MLS. Arana & Martínez (1982) and Arana & Olate (2000) estimated the continuous growth curve of von Bertanfly considering the molting structure determined by Arana & Martínez (1982) (Figure 12). The first molt status determined in that study, when considering the vulnerable part of the population, corresponded to the age group of five years, concluding that the asymptotic carapace length (L ∞,) reached values of 212 mm and 214 mm in males and females, respectively. Regarding k, the estimate was 0.07 and the value of t0 is equivalent to 0.49 years in both males and females. Size at Maturity The minimum size of gravid females is approximately 58 mm CL (Lengerich 1948). The size of females at sexual maturity was estimated using the relationship between total gravid females v total females, and the presence and absence of gravid ovaries in 77 mm CL (Arana et al., 1985). Females may spawn at least 4 times before they reach the minimum landing size (115 mm). In males, size was determined with 78 mm CL (Arana et al., 1985). Mating As observed by an RC fisherman, the female goes to sandy bottoms, makes circles, and then stands in a supine position. The male approaches and climbs over her for a few minutes. The female then returns to her normal position and both go back to their own habitat. Dupré (2000) notes that mating, most often at night, was between a post-molted female and a larger male. Mating occurs 3 to 20 days after the molt. proportion between September and November (Arana et al, 1985). The larger specimens are the first to show eggs and subsequently initiate the release of phyllosomas. Gravid females of intermediate lengths appear next and lastly are smaller females (Figure 12). Figure 13: Presence of Gravid Females in Accordance with Molting Cycle
Source: Arana et al, 1985 Spawning Spawning is from late August to November. The larvae hatch between October and December (Albert, 1898). Lengerich (1948) estimated that almost all female lobsters with a total length not less than 13 cm carry eggs. This is a total CL of 5.8 cm, meaning that the female spawns at least four times before reaching the MLS of 11.5 cm. Reproduction Juan Fernández lobster is a broadcast spawner. Ernst et al (2012) comment that “reproductive output is mainly contributed by undersized females and legal-size females that carry eggs early during the fishing season and get to spawn before being harvested”. Fecundity Fecundity ranges between 61,500 and 501,100 eggs (Arana et al., 1985). At the size of first capture, females have an average fecundity of 400,000 eggs. The relationship between CL and the number of eggs (NTH) is given by the equation NTH = 4,6709 10-4 * CL4,4005 (Figure 13).
Based on the monthly average, gravid females are found between July and February, with the largest E.E. = Standard Error Source: Arana et al., 1985 Females agitate the pleopods, suggesting that larvae are unable to break themselves from the chorion that surrounds them, even after it has lost rigidity by enzymes produced by the larvae towards the end of development. The release occurs by mechanical action and there is no direct link between larvae and the embryo (Dupré, 2000). The Larval Phase The initial life cycle i.e. the duration of the larval phase and it’s distribution in the ocean, as well as the mechanisms that follow the phyllosomas until the return to the island and settlement as late larval state lobsters, is unknown. Likewise, there is little knowledge about the juvenile phase of the lobster until recruitment to the fishery at more than 60 mm CL. The eggs hatch into planktonic larvae that feed on pelagic organisms. The larval development of Palinuridae comprises 11 to 17 stages, with up to 11 months of planktonic life (Rivera & Mujica, 2004). The duration for Jasus frontalis has been estimated at 112 to 378 days (Dupré & Guisado, 1996). However, some authors consider that larval duration could be up to two years. Various aspects of the lobster life cycle remain unknown, especially those related to the initial phases. Mating takes place in late summer in deep water (60-120 m); the impregnated females subsequently ascend to shallower waters during embryonic development of eggs bearing on the abdomen and release in spring. From that moment, until the phyllosomas settle on the islands as puerulus, the time concentrate until they become part of the fishable biomass at above 50 cm CL. Figure 15: Juan Fernández Lobster: Biological Cycle
Migratory Patterns Unlike other species of lobster that migrate long distances, Jasus frontalis circulates only around islands with spatial-temporal movements limited to the continental shelf of each island. There isn’t a direct connection between the adult populations of the species between the islands (RC /AS / ID). Fishermen traditionally shift their traps between locations and depths during the course of the fishing season (October to May); initially placing them near the islands (October) with a subsequent move to deeper waters (Arana & Toro, 1985). This fishing pattern was established after investigation in 1987 - 1988 found that the lobsters moved grounds from shallower water (0-35 m) in the winter to deeper water in the summer (145-180 m) (Arana, 1991/ 1992). Such behavior may be associated with the temperature of the sea and the reproductive process of the species; during the period of embryonic development females are mostly in shallow water before moving to deeper waters. Tagging shows that many released animals are subsequently recaptured; up to 8 times in six months (Arana, 1991/1992). The trap does not affect behavior and that the repeated catch and release, with associated depth and pressure changes, does not affect the species. Tagging continues and recapture remains a feature in RC/AS. Such research provides data on growth and movements of the species. Natural Mortality M has been estimated by various authors primarily using empirical methods indicate values ranging Prey Larvae feed on plankton. Subsequently, from the juvenile stage, the lobster has strong jaws that allow them to shred their food; feeding is from late evening into the early dawn (Canessa, 1965). Examination reveals that adults consume algae, small mollusks, small crustaceans, fish eggs, larvae, freshly killed fish and younger lobsters (Albert, 1898). The diet is predominantly carnivorous, and lobsters are attracted to traps by bait caught prior to the daily lifting of the traps. Predators Albert (1898) lists predators of lobster as Juan Fernández wreckfish or “bacalao de Juan Fernandez” (Polyprion oxigeneios), sole (Pleuronectes sp.), dogfish (Squalus mitsukurii) and other sharks. Bahamonde (1948) identified moray eel (Gymnothorax porphyreus) and octopus. However, there has been no research to assess the potential consumption of lobster by these species. The only formal work identifying lobsters as prey for wreckfish was Rojas et al. (2004), but this was limited (1.4%). 3.6.2 Monitoring Robinson Crusoe Over the years a number of programs have monitored the fishery over a complete season. The first was by Arana & Melo (1973); subsequently Arana & Toro (1985) and Arana & Vega (2000). There has been an ongoing monitoring program in RC since 2006. The fishery association (STIPA) and the
Table 4: Juan Fernández Lobster: Estimates of Natural Mortality active traps, and whether or not the trap has an escape vent. Working in full cooperation the fishers and with a formal log book, information has been obtained on trap locations and depth, catch (total and below minimum size), length composition and sex. The records provide the basis for research into: a) spatio-temporal distribution of traps; b) fishing effort (boats in operation, number of fishing trips, total number of traps); c) fishing yields (fishing trip and trap); d) catch composition (sex and size); and e) the use of bait. Ernst 2010 writes that a “monitoring program … is a main element in the “tool kit” of the providers of technical and scientific support for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. CPUE has been, traditionally, the main indicator of stock condition perceived by the fishermen. A major achievement of the monitoring program has been upgrading the status of CPUE from an indicator assessed subjectively by each individual fisherman to one that is objectively estimated. This change required the formal analysis of several sources of variation: spatial, intra-seasonal, and among-boat. The program is expected to improve the information available to the fisheries authority to support management, which presently has two major limitations: lack of spatial resolution and temporal discontinuity. Attention to the spatial dimension is essential, as lobster behavior, the fishing process, and the tenure system are structured by the template of benthic bottom scapes and spatial gradients. The only piece of information that has been regularly monitored by the fisheries authority is annual catch, but spatial information is lost during the compilation process. Information on effort and CPUE has been collected only sporadically, and the scarce data available cannot be standardized because appropriate covariates are lacking”. Alejandro Selkirk The systematic collection of data on the lobster fishery began in October 2008 (Ernst et al., 2010). There is limited fishing effort on the resource. The yield per trap is higher than in RC. Desventuradas With no permanent population in the islands, in the past lobster fishing has been sporadic when buyers agree to carry the fishers and provide logistical support to transport and market the catches. There has been no research on the resource; however, in recent seasons monitoring of the catch with the voluntary cooperation of fishers has begun. Due to the low fishing intensity, the lobster stock is strong, with large animals not found in the other islands. This favors strong recruitment with the islands acting as a biological reserve with larvae, subsequently settling there or potentially in the Juan Fernández archipelago. 3.7 STOCK ASSESSMENT See above.
4. PRINCIPLE TWO: ECOSYSTEM BACKGROUND 4.1 RETAINED SPECIES In MSC terminology, retained species comprise non-targeted species and those used as bait in the UoC under assessment. Component 2.1 evaluates the status, management and information of the (iii) are vulnerable. A caveat is that a species may be considered main when a <5% catch represents a significant quantity of its total catch. Scoring at SG100 considers all retained species. Species used as bait are considered as retained. The lobster trap fishery is highly selective and a minimal amount of other species are captured and retained for consumption. Bait is harvested in two fisheries.A hand line fishery catches the small pelagic and demersal species used to catch the main trap bait species - sea bream (breca) (Cheilodactylus gayi), yellowtail amberjack (vidriola) (Seriola lalandii), flounder (lenguado) (Paralichthys fernandezianus), jerguilla (Girella albostriata), jurel (P. chilensis), dogfish (tollo) (Squalus mitsukuii) and moray eel (anguila) (Gymnothorax porphyreus). Some bait species (vidriola, breca and lenguado) are popular for direct human consumption and in many cases only the waste (e.g. heads) is used as bait. While breca and anguila are preferred, much depends on availability and a large variety of species may be used (tables 5 & 6). The bait fishery has been reported by several authors (Pavez & Illanes, 1974; Arana & Ziller, 1985; Arana et al, 2006a). The species composition of the total bait fishery has varied over time; with changes according to the relative abundance of species e.g. Juan Fernández wreckfish is no longer available for reasons unrelated to the trap fishery. It is estimated that between 1.2 and 2.5 fish are used as bait per trap, depending mainly on size (Gaete & Arana, 1985; Ahumada & Queirolo, 2014). It is understood that AS fishers use more bait than those in RC due to greater availability. Arellano (2009) estimated an annual total catch of 150 mt of fish in Robinson Crusoe: 67 % was used as lobster bait; 28 % landed; 1.25 % consumed by fishers on-board; and 3% as crab bait. Ahumada & Queirolo (2014) estimate that 77 mt of fish was used as bait in the lobster fishery in 2010-2011. Assuming bait usage at 1.5 kg per trap and each vessel fishing 30 traps with an average catch per “trip” of one lobster of about 800 g, 45 kg of bait is used to land 24 kg of lobster. However, assuming that landed lobster is 10 % of the total lobster catch (see above) the total lobster catch per vessel per trip is 240 kg and the total catch including bait is 285 kg. Accordingly, the total bait used accounts for about 15.7 % of the total catch. Ernst 2010 estimates that 30 % of the bait is breca (the proportion comprising fish waste is unknown), 20 % jurel, 10 % moray eel and 5 % pampanito. The remaining 35 % consists of a wide variety of species. Thus breca is the only “main” species, as it comprises 5 % of the total catch. None of the species are considered valuable or vulnerable. While Henriquez mentions that a lack of bait due to overfishing limitated on the lobster fishery, this opinion is not widely shared. The restriction on usable fishing gear is perceived to have contributed to sustainability while the low level of overall effort is also a factor. Source: Arana & Ziller, 1985 Table 5: Robinson Crusoe: Main Bait Species
Common Name Scientific Name Family Type Capture (n) Anguila morena Gymnothorax porphyreus Muraenidae D 849 Alfonsino o salmon Beryx splendens Berycidae D 12 Rollizo/blanquillo JF Parapercis dockinsi Pinguipedidae D 2 Breca Nemadactylus gayi Cheilodactylidae D 4.330 Cabrilla JF Chironemus delfini Chironemidae D 5 Graniento Caprodon longimanus Serranidae P 257 Jerguilla JF Girella albostriata Kyphosidae D 79 Jurel JF Pseudocaranx chilensis Carangidae P 4.676 Pampanito Scorpis chilensis Kyphosidae P 68 Sierra Thyrsites atun Gempylidae P 2 Vidriola Seriola lalandi Carangidae P 46 Colorado Plectranthias exsul Serranidae D 15 Corvina JF Umbrina reedi Sciaenidae P 48 Vieja JF o biya Malapterus reticulatus Labridae D 7 Lenguado JF Paralichthys fernandezianus Paralichthyidae D 13 Pez mariposa Pterygotrigla picta Triglidae D 1 Venenoso o escorpión Scorpaena thomsoni Scorpaenidae D 8 Chancharro Helicolenus lengerichi Sebastidae D 42 Tollo J.F. Squalus mitsukurii Squalidae P 2 D = demersal, P = pelagic Source: Ahumada & Queirolo, 2014). Common Name Scientific Name Family Anguila morena Gymnothorax porphyreus Muraenidae Alfonsino o salmon Beryx splendens Berycidae Atún Thunnus sp. Scombridae Bacalao JF Polyprion (Hectoria) oxygeneios Polyprionidae Breca Nemadactylus gayi Cheilodactylidae Jerguilla JF Girella albostriata Kyphosidae Jurel JF Pseudocaranx chilensis Carangidae Pampanito Scorpis chilensis Kyphosidae Sierra Thyrsites atun Gempylidae Vidriola Seriola lalandi Carangidae Corvina JF Umbrina reedi Sciaenidae Lenguado JF Paralichthys sp. Paralichthyidae Chancharro Helicolenus lengerichi Sebastidae Tollo JF Squalus mitsukurii Squalidae Pulpo Octopus crusoe Octopodidae
Ernst et al., 2010o To-date, the study of fish resources in the islands has focused mainly on taxonomic aspects (Sepulveda & Pequeño, 1985; Meléndez & Villalba, 1992; Rojas & Pequeño, 1998; Pequeño & Sáez, 2000, Dyer & Westneat, 2010; Meléndez & Dyer, 2010;). There is no real understanding of the stocks. Friedlander (http://www.quepasa.cl/articulo/ojos-de-la-llave/2014/02/17-13847-9-experto-alerta- sobre-el-ecosistema-de-juan-fernandez.shtml) expressed concern about the potential threat to bait species. Comparing the situation in RC with that in Easter Island where he found over fishing in 2011, he comments that the island has a sustainable lobster fishing, but the use of fish as bait has an impact; he considers that although the fishery remains healthy there must be effective fisheries management to avoid a repeat of the situation in Easter Island. He found that the resources around Desventuradas were healthy, reflecting the lack of fishing effort. Oceana (http://www.conservacionybiodiversidad.cl/2014/01/expedicion-determinara-estado-de-especies- marinas-de-juan-fernandez/) finds that the unregulated bait fishery on species for which there is limited understanding is one of the main threats to the local marine ecosystem. Oceana is studying the ecosystem to identify the need for action. 4.2 BY-CATCH The MSC CR defines by-catch as those species that are not retained, and are discarded, as well as those species that die as a result of unobserved fishing mortality. Similar to retained species (see above), MSC refer to “main” species, in this instance, “main” are species that are either considered vulnerable or amoun to ≥5% of the total catch (unless the the total catch of the fishery is large, in which case even 5% may be a considerable catch. In the lobster fishery, there is limited discard with only centolla crab (Lithodes santolla) discarded live. legislation or listed under Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (unless it can be shown that the particular stock of the CITES listed species impacted by the fishery under assessment is not endangered). Impacts on ETP species may be direct (i.e. through catch) or indirect (e.g. the effect of ghost fishing or through collisions with the boat and/or gear). Chile is a signatory to CITES, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whale Hunting and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species. The trade and impacts of all species under these treaties are regulated by SERNAPESCA (Decree no. 179). An amendment to the GLFA (Law no. 20.293) (October 2008) protected cetaceans in Chilean waters. While there is a national plan to protect seabirds in the long line fisheries (Plan de Acción Nacional para reducir las capturas incidentales de aves en las pesquerías de palangre) 10 this does not apply to other fishing gears. Juan Fernández Fur Seal (Arctocephalus philippi) is the only local species protected by fishery law. Formerly the seal was found in great abundance but intensive hunting led to near extinction. In recent years, the population has recovered; currently there are about 25,000 throughout the archipelago and some have been sighted on ID. The lobster fishery does not directly interact with fur seal that mainly feeds on mesopelagic fish and squid found off the island. Occasional visitors to waters around the archipelago are sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) and whales (Balaenoptera spp.); the latter during migration from Antarctic waters where they feed during the summer to the equatorial zone where they breed in winter. Occasionally, it is possible to observe bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), which often travel in large pods near the coast. These have no interaction with the local fishery. Due to its geographical position, the islands are a stopover for some migratory seabirds, including albatross (diomedeae spp.), southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) and the mottled petrel (Daption capense). Six species of birds breed in the archipelago; five are petrels (Pterodroma spp.) and the sixth tern (Fregatta grallaria). Selkirk has about 1 million shearwaters. The status of some of the 41 species is shown below (table 7). Oikonos reports11 “The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources identified the Juan Fernández Islands as one of the world’s 12 most threatened national parks, and in 1984 the International Council for Bird Preservation designated the islands as one of the 10 highest priority regions for seabird research globally. In 1998, BirdLife International listed the islands as a Priority 1 (critical) Endemic Bird Area of the World. The Alliance for Zero Extinction targeted the Juan Fernández Islands as a priority site in 2002, an area in most urgent need of conservation investment to prevent imminent species extinctions”.
10 http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-79723_recurso_1.pdf
MSC defines endangered, threatened or protected (ETP) species as those recognized by national ETP Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti Vulnerable Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Near-threatened Juan Fernández Petrel Pterodroma externa Vulnerable Masatierra Petrel Pterodroma defilippiana Vulnerable Stejneger's Petrel Pterodroma longirostris Vulnerable Gray Petrel Procellaria cinerea Near-threatened White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis Vulnerable Pink-footed Shearwater Puffinus creatopus Vulnerable Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus Near-threatened Guanay Cormorant Phalacrocorax bougainvillii Near-threatened Juan Fernández Firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis Critically endangered Juan Fernández Tit-Tyrant Anairetes Fernándezianus Near-threatened
Source: http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=clRc&list=clements With respect to ID, WWF12 comments, “the nesting of boobies, Sula dactylatra and Sula leucogaster, has been recorded. The presence and reproduction of Sula nebouxii are also possible. This could explain their abundance in the ocean waters of northern Chile, which is probably the species’ southernmost nesting site. There are also records of the nesting of fardelas, Pterodroma neglecta and Pterodroma cooki. At least three species of terns probably nest on this island, namely Sterna fuscata, Anous stolidus and Procelsterna cerulea. The size of their reproductive populations is unknown”. There are no reported interactions of birds with fishing gear in the lobster or bait fishery. Black coral (Antipatharia), found off Juan Fernández ((Lumapathes fernandenzii), has been listed under Appendix II of CITES since 1981.13 It is not an ETP species under the MSC definition. In 2009, a new species of black coral (Antipathes Leiopathes) was identified in 300 m to 5,000 m. waters off RC (http://blackcoral4you.wordpress.com/black-coral-and-spondylus-el-oro-de-los-incas/). There may be occasional interactions of traps and boat anchors with coral, but these are unusual as the species are found in waters that are deeper and further out from the islands than the fishery operates. There is a greater possibility of interaction of corals with the crab trap fishery that operates in areas further out from RC. 4.4 HABITAT This component assesses the impacts of the fishery on the structure and role of the habitats. The wording used in the standard - “serious or irreversible harm” - refers to change caused by the fishery that fundamentally alters the capacity of habitat to maintain its function or to recover from the impact (MSC, 2013). MSC stipulates that, if required, a management strategy is in place that is designed to ensure that the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to habitat types. The benthic flora and fauna of the archipelago is rich and diverse, with many endemic or exclusive species. The Juan Fernández Archipelago National Park was created in 1935, covering 96 % of the
12 http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0403 number of crevices and caves provides refuge and shelter for many species. Eddy et al.14 report, “The sub tidal habitat of the archipelago is characterized by rigid rock and volcanic boulder structures. Depending on the location of the site within the archipelago, topography is characterized by vertical walls, boulders or cobbles. Principally the “north-eastern” sites were highly eroded and were characterized by sand grains and small boulders. Big boulders, caves and vertical walls up to 40 m in depth principally characterize southern and more exposed sites. Rocky reefs facilitate the settlement of some macro algae and sessile invertebrate species. Different degrees of structural complexity found at the study sites form several microhabitats, which allow for differential organization of biotopes in small geographical areas. We found that benthic habitats are characterized by crustose algae that cover most of the deep portions of the volcanic rocks and bushy and erect brown macro algae, predominantly the endemic Padina fernandeziana, Dyctiota kunthii and Colpomenia sinuosa, which form dense assemblages up to 20 m depth. Despite their abundance and dominance throughout the Chilean temperate coast, no kelp (Laminareales) was identified on the archipelago, possible due to the elevated seawater temperatures present in the island in respect to the continent. On the other hand, the introduced Codium fragile is abundant in almost all sub tidal portions of protected bays we sighted. Another important component of the sea floor up to 35 meters depth is the cover of Vermetid gastropods throughout the archipelago; which can reach up 15 to 20 percent cover are characterize by mucus they generate for feeding. All vertical walls of the islands are covered with colorful cnidarians and poriferans. Several zooanthids (Parazoonthus juan fernandezi) aggregate together and occur in vertical structures to trap their food. The sea cucumber (Mertensiothuria platei), a filter feeding macroinvertebrate is abundant at shallow depths and forms dense aggregations (4 individuals per m2, approximately). Black corals (Antipathes fernandezi) are usually found deeper”. Since 2008, a Chilean team of investigators has provided some of the first quantitative data linking near-shore oceanographic conditions to the benthic community of RC. There has not been a specific study of the possible effect on habitat from gear that is lost, especially early in the season when traps in shallow waters may be affected by spring tides. However, the locally sourced wood used to build the traps is considered to rapidly decay thus reducing the possible negative impacts. 4.5 ECOSYSTEM The Ecosystem component considers the broad ecological community and ecosystem in which the fishery operates, to assess whether or not the fishery causes serious or irreversible harm to the key elements of its structure and function. “The Ecosystem component addresses system-wide issues, primarily impacted indirectly by the fishery, including ecosystem structure, trophic relationships and biodiversity” (MSC CR Guidance GCB3.17.1) and “Relatively few fisheries would have the information needed to address ecosystem issues quantitatively, and usually they will be assessed using surrogates, analogy, general observations, qualitative assessment and expert judgment. Harm to ecosystem structure is normally
14 Oceanic Islands: subelab.cl/?ddownload=558 The Chilean Juan Fernández Archipelago. From Natural Observations to Management Challenges properties such as trophic relationships, community resilience etc. and often have to be inferred from conceptual or analytical models or analyses” (MSC CR Guidance GCB3.17.2). The Large Marine Ecosystem of the Humboldt Current (HCLME) provides about 20% of world fisheries catch, and has been designated as one of the 200 priority eco-regions for global conservation by the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF). Its high environmental variability and a variety of economic activities put pressure on this unique ecosystem. Juan Fernández and ID are found on the eastern edge of the Humboldt Current system that is characterized by cold high oxygen sub-Antarctic surface waters moving to the north. Under this surface water are equatorial waters with low levels of dissolved oxygen and high levels of nutrients. Typically of the currents of the eastern borders of oceans, these are wide, shallow, and slow and transport a considerable volume of water. The region is also notable for its large coastal upwelling centers and circulation over wide areas of the high seas. Although not fully understood, the dynamics are particularly active.They influence the oceanographic conditions around the islands with variations in the intensity and scale of the different water masses affecting the distribution and abundance of marine resources. Until 1970, the only information available on the characteristics of the waters adjacent to the archipelago was from a few national and international research cruises that sampled oceanographic stations in the vicinity of the islands. Since then, several studies on ocean circulation between the archipelago and the mainland have been implemented to understand conditions in the area.15 Research shows that the different physical and chemical characteristics between the surface and 1,500 m depth of the four water masses in the region reflect their origin. The mass of sub-Antarctic water is located between 0 and 200 m, with temperatures usually between 10° and 19°C; salinity between 34.0 and 34.2 o/oo, high surface oxygen values (> 4.0 mL * L-1) and low in nutrients (phosphate and nitrate). During the summer, the surface layer has usually a mixture of layers of 15-20 m, with temperatures as high as about 20°C at the surface and higher oxygen content of 6 mL * L-1. During that season, the thermocline is usually present between 25 and 75 m, with a gradient that can reach 0.15 ° C * m-1. Below to about 400 m depth is the mass of Equatorial Subsurface Water that comes from the equatorial region with a temperature range between 7° and 10° C., high salinity (> 34.4 o/oo), low oxygen content (<4.0 mL*L-1) and high nutrient content. At 1,000 m depth is the mass of Antarctic Intermediate Water that due to its origin north of the Polar Front has low temperatures (4°-7 ° C), with a minimum salinity of > 34.4 o/of, high oxygen content (> 2.5 mL L-1*) and a low nutrient content. Below 1,000 m is the Pacific Deep Water with a temperature of between 3.5° and 5.9° C, characterized by a high relative salt content (> 34.6 o/oo). This water mass is characterized by a lower oxygen content than the top layer, usually about 3.0 mL*L-1, meaning a long residence at
15 The cruises were conducted by the Catholic University of Valparaíso: Juan Fernandez I, II and Juan Fernandez III; some oceanographic operations in the Project MARobinson CrusoeHILE (VIII and IX); cruise CIMAR Islands 5 (1999) and CIMAR - Islands 6 (2000) sponsored by the National (CONA) Oceanographic Committee and, more recently, stations covered by AGOR Gormaz Vidal (2005) in which records were obtained of deepwater and contemporary research conducted by the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso and other universities (2006) (Sievers, 1975; Sievers & Silva, 1975; layer of 50 m thick moving deeper into the Sub-Antarctic Water mass. This is related to "El Niño" events with exceptionally marked features off the coast of Peru and northern Chile. Two surface water currents flow in opposite directions near the Juan Fernández Archipelago. The Ocean Countercurrent of Peru flows south moving between 78° W and 80° W, is. It is characterized by speeds between 6 and 8 cm s-1, with a core located at subsurface levels in both winter and summer. A strong northward flow moving between 75° W and 78° W is an oceanic branch of the Humboldt Current. Intensity fluctuates between seasons, with speeds ranging between 11 and 27 cm sec-1. Information is limited for the area west of the archipelago, beyond 81°W; there is a northbound current of low speed with a weak transport volume. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the governments of Peru and Chile16 have implemented the GEF-UNDP Project "Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Management of Large Marine Ecosystem of the Humboldt Current". to develop management approaches and tools aimed at strengthening governance and sustainable use of living marine resources and the ecosystem. The project works with stakeholders to identify and prioritize actions. Efforts are focused on: a straddling ecosystem diagnostic analysis and a strategic action program, including a national action plan for each country; capacity strengthening to implement the program and plans, and manage Marine Protected Areas (MPAs); and increased coverage and representativeness of MPAs along the HCLME. The marine fauna of Juan Fernández consists of 32 species and subspecies (Figure 17), including lobsters and crabs. A significant benthic species is the black sea urchin (Aspirodiadema microtuberculatum) that although abundant in waters up to 30 m, due to its size and large spikes is not usually caught. Another is Juan Fernández loco (Concholepas concholepas fernandezianus), which is occasionally fished for local consumption by diving. A third mollusk is octopus (Octopus crusoe), which is caught by divers or sporadically in lobster traps. Octopus is used as bait in the trap fishery or consumed locally. The wide diversity of fish around the islands (more than 150 species) differs from those found off the continent. Local, regional and migratory species count amongst those of commercial value or are associated with trap fishery. Main local species are meager (Umbrina reedi) and jerguilla (Girella Albostriata), which are associated with the archipelago with the name "Juan Fernández". Demersal species fish, found in depths up to 300 m include the dark, or brown moray eel (Gymnothorax porphyreus) and some flounders. The main pelagic species distributed inshore are mackerel (Caranx georgianus) and butterfish (Scorpis chilensis). The main oceanic pelagics are vidriola (Seriola lalandii), tuna (Thunnus spp.), Sierra (Thyrsites tuna) and jack mackerel (Trachurus murphy).
16 http://www.pe.undp.org/content/peru/es/home/operations/projects/environment_and_energy/hacia-un-manejo-con-enfoque-ecosistemico-del-
The area can be impacted by the occasional presence of a mass of Subtropical Water with a surface Source: Arana, 1985 The most important demersal fish are hapuka wreckfish (Polyprion oxygeneios), breca (Nemadactylus (Cheilodactylus) gayi), rockfish (Helicolenus lengerichi), wavelet (Scorpaena fernandeziana) and Juan Fernandez dogfish (Squalus mitsukurii). Trial fishing with long line in waters > 500 m depth identified deep-water eel (Pseudoxenomystax albescens) and the ribald (Mora moro). Also found locally is swordfish (Xiphias gladius) (misnamed in Chile as albacore). This species is not fished by locals. The occasional presence of larger boats from the continent harvesting swordfish may lead to conflict as they may cut the lines of the crab traps. Due to the low abundance specific to the geological nature of the rocks, seaweeds are characterized by high endemism and the existence of only some genera and species of warm waters. The most typical is Padina fernandeziana. In early 2014 a Coastal Marine Protected Area (Juan Fernández Archipelago) was created covering an area of approximately 12,000 km2. Miriam Fernández of FCB Millennium Nucleus Center for Marine Conservation stated "this initiative came from the community, who contacted us in 2007 to ask technical support. They have a huge interest in protecting the ecosystems they inhabit and use, particularly the marine environment, which gives sustenance to more than 80% of the population of San Juan Bautista". Within the area are five newly created marine parks to protect coastal ecosystems, vulnerable habitats A substantial amount of work completed by Oceana on the sea surrounding ID has characterized it as a mix of lukewarm water with sea lions and brown algae, and tropical water with tropical fish and rugged volcanic benthos. Eddy et al (2010) note that “few studies have described ecological interactions and their impacts that may drive species to co-exist in such isolated oceanic islands. However, important efforts have been made to determine geographical breaks, transitional areas, biogeographic patterns and most importantly, the fishery and biology of the Juan Fernández Lobster.” Yanez et al (2009) reported, “seamounts are vulnerable marine ecosystems. In Chile, information on these ecosystems is quite scarce… A total of 118 seamounts distributed in the Chilean EEZ are identified and characterized. Additionally, an in situ assessment was carried out on the Juan Fernández seamounts 1 and 2 (JF1 and JF2), which were also oceanographically characterized. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and marine invertebrate samples were collected and an exploratory fishing survey was executed using different gears. According to the bibliographical review, a total of 82 species have been collected on the JF1 and JF2 seamounts, highlighting findings of black coral species caught in lobster traps at the Juan Fernández Archipelago. Submarine images of the marine substrate at JF1 and JF2 reveal characteristics attributable to the impact of bottom dredges, coinciding with the information obtained from the trawling fleet. The fishing activity was carried out primarily at JF2 (4,667 km of trawling). The monthly fishing effort increased considerably in 2002, 2003, and 2005, reaching values above 500 km of trawling and, thus, modifying the spatial structure of the resource aggregates on the JF2 seamount”. As highlighted by the Packard Foundation (2011) “While marine conservation has been slow to emerge as a priority in Chile, safeguarding coastal ecosystems is now a prominent national concern. The current working model within the government is the establishment of a national network of coastal no-take and multiple- use marine protected areas. With its 2003 National Biodiversity Strategy, Chile has set a target to develop a “national marine network” of conservation and management sites by 2015”. Alex Muñoz of Oceana stated "the community of Juan Fernández has been a pioneer in the care of their environment, developing artisanal fisheries and tourism in a sustainable manner".18
5. PRINCIPLE THREE: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BACKGROUND 5.1 LEGAL AND / OR CUSTOMARY FRAMEWORK Law 20657 (31 January 2013) (http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-516_documento.pdf) modified the 1991 General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture (GLFA). It provides the regulatory framework for sustainable fisheries management. The modifications ensure that the legal framework is consistent with the MSC standards and the delivery of sustainable fisheries.
17 http://www.bio.puc.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11717:equipo-de-investigacion-de-la-facultad-de-ciencias-biologicas-participo- en-la-creacion-de-area-marina-protegida-en-juan-fernandez&catid=62:noticias&Itemid=182 18 http://www.eluniverso.com/vida-estilo/2013/11/28/nota/1841366/ong-lanza-campana-proteger-ecosistema-archipielago-juan number of issues: (i) long-term objectives for the conservation and management of fisheries and protection of ecosystems; (ii) the application of the precautionary principle with greater caution in the management and conservation of resources when scientific information is uncertain, unreliable or incomplete with any lack of scientific information not delaying the introduction of conservation and management measures; (iii) the ecosystem approach to the conservation and management of fishery resources and the protection of ecosystems; (iv) the management of fisheries resources in a transparent, accountable and inclusive manner; (v) the collection, verification, reporting and sharing of timely and accurate data; (vi) the consideration of the impacts of fishing on associated or dependent species; (vii) the prevention or elimination of overfishing and excess fishing capacity; (viii) the effective implementation of conservation and management measures and (ix) the minimization of discards. Every five years the effectiveness and implementation of conservation and management measures must be evaluated. The Law cover quotas, fishing areas, gear, seasons, sector segments including artisanal, and representative councils, the scientific committee, FMPs and regulations and sanctions for non- compliance. It presents a coherent, logical set of procedures within an established structure to deliver sustainable fisheries. In difference to the previous GLFA, there is explicit consideration of an ecosystem approach with a need for precautionary management; consistent with the FAO code of conduct for responsible fisheries the lack of information is not acceptable as an excuse for lack of management action. Accordingly, there is a clear orientation towards the conservation and protection of aquatic ecosystems. There are regulations to limit fishery impacts on marine mammals and a 2008 law to protect these species from harm. Chile is a signatory of CITES, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whale Hunting and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species. SERNAPESCA is responsible for regulating the trade of CITES Appendix I and II species. On the site visit, it was noted that ETPs are not generally found in the area of the fishery. The Law allows for fisheries to be classified as under exploited, fully exploited, over exploited or collapsed. The Juan Fernández lobster fishery is classified as fully exploited and entry is closed to new fishers. This means that a management plan has to be defined for the fishery. An FMP is developed by a specific committee that must include between 2 and 7 artisanal fishermen, along with representatives of other parts of the industry and the relevant authorities. An FMP considers: (i) the area and resource including a background on the fishery (number and type of boats etc); (ii) objectives, targets and milestones to maintain at or bring the fishery to a sustainable level; (iii) strategies for achieving the defined objectives and targets, such as conservation and management measures and the interaction between different sectors involved in the fishery; (iv) the criteria for monitoring compliance; (v) the strategies to respond to potential issues in the fishery; and (vi) research and audit. In Chile, artisanal fishers have an exclusive five-mile reserve; vessels must be under 18 m length, although to fish within one mile of shore the maximum size is 12 m. In Juan Fernández, only Two main government departments are responsible for the management of Chilean fisheries: SUBPESCA (Undersecretary of Fisheries) and SERNAPESCA (National Fisheries Service). SUBPESCA deals with policy, planning and regulation while SERNAPESCA deals with monitoring, surveillance and control (VMS, landing & quota control, enforcement and statistics). The Law defines the roles of main bodies involved in the fishery that undertake research and inform decision making. The biggest change in the new Law was to provide greater authority to the Scientific Technical Committee (STC), while reducing the part played by the Consejo Nacional de Pesca (National Fisheries Council) (CNP). STCs were originally established in 2007 (Resolution no. 997) for each of the main species groups (e.g. demersal, pelagic, invertebrate species) to inform the fisheries councils. Each of the eight established STCs has associated task groups that undertake detailed analyses. CNP’s role is to ensure the effective involvement of stakeholders in the fisheries sector at the national level on matters related to fishing activity and aquaculture. CNP obtains inputs on policies and regulations from Zonal Fisheries Councils. IFOP (Instituto de Fomento Pesquero) is a non – profit technical agency separate from SUBPESCA, whose main objective is to carry out scientific and technological research oriented to the exploitation and prosecution of fisheries resources and fish stock assessment in jurisdictional waters. Each entity has stakeholder representation. Universities are contracted to provide assessments of a wide range of stocks. The rights of citizens are explicitly defined.19 They have the right to access non-classified documents (Law 20,285 Access to Information), know the identity of the authorities and officials involved in fisheries administration and management procedures, receive clarification on rules and decisions, request corrective actions if there have been mistakes, make claims; and report any officer who they consider to have been negligent. If stakeholders do not agree with a policy or a sanction, they may appeal to the Minister. 5.3 LONG TERM OBJECTIVES The long term objectives of the fishery are explicitly defined in Articles 1°b and 1°c of the new Law (see above). 5.4 INCENTIVES TO SUSTAINABLE FISHING Key incentives for sustainable fishing include property rights and research funding. In the mainland fisheries, the first quota allocation (1994) between the artisanal and industrial sectors (Law no. 19.849) was based upon historical performance and later modified in favor of the artisanal fishery on the basis of under reporting or growth of the sector. There are also the maximum catch limits for ship owner which has led to a significant reduction in the number of industrial vessels. In Juan Fernández, there are informal quasi-property right through marcas and limited entry.
5.2 CONSULTATION, ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES govern access, minimum landing sizes, the closed season, non-fishing of gravid females and allowable fishing gears. To-date there is not a defined FMP that defines objectives. In the past however, objectives have been informal and implicit rather than explicit and reflect the importance of the fishery to the welfare of the islanders. The fishery is managed on the basis of a local approach developed over time, with quasi-property rights in RC and AS as described above. Management aims to reduce the risk of overfishing while maintaining the population of mature female lobsters. This, together with the long closed season, emphasises that while social objectives are important, these have not compromised the sustainability of the lobster fishery. There is one gap; the apparent lack of specific attention to the status of bait species and their potential role in the ecosystem. 5.6 DECISION MAKING PROCESSES The meaning of this PI when looking at an informal approach means that there is a process that can trigger action on fisheries-related issues. The past history of the Juan Fernández lobster fishery indicates that in the past such a trigger has been used with fishers requesting specific actions. While the informal management process may not be officially recognized by SUBPESCA and the various activities are not well documented, they have resulted in decisions that have impacted the sustainability of the fishery. The informal system is recognised by stakeholders and has provided durable and permanent measures. At the same time, there is no indication of the potential reaction to a situation where the stock may be found to be overfished with a need for immediate and effective actions to prevent further deterioration and bring about a recovery. An FMP will be defined, but as yet there is not a clear indication of when this may be. The system of marcas and management by peer pressure has been proactive in avoiding disputes. Monitoring of the fishery and resources by the University of Concepción is carried out in full cooperation with stakeholders and they are fully informed of findings. At the beginning of each season, Government officials and scientists visit the island to discuss the status of the fishery. 5.7 MONITORING, CONTROL & SURVEILLANCE There are various reports of historical widespread non-compliance with the regulations, including a poorly applied vessel licensing regime and the landing of under-sized lobsters. In 2007, this resulted in the local fishers requesting a permanent SERNAPESCA presence and since then enforcement has improved. An important aspect of compliance is the internal management of the fishery through informal rules and peer pressure. To a large part this is based on the need for equity. For example, the closed season in RC was applied to the AS fishery in 2004. Fisher awareness of the need for sustainable fishing has reduced the risk of landings of under-sized lobster and fishing in the closed season. The approach in the fishery corresponds to the MSC GCR v1.3 for informal approaches to fisheries management, i.e. social disapproval; prevailing norms; self-monitoring; accessibility to the resource; ability to smuggle catches onshore without detection; mobility and homogeneity; exclusivity of access and market- related factors such as value, demand or preferences (e.g. preferences regarding size).
Until 2010 there was no full time enforcement presence on the islands. Formal regulatory measures Law 20657 codifies the offences, penalties and procedures. Information from SERNAPESCA indicates wide respect by the fishers for the regulations. 5.8 RESEARCH PROGRAMME Under Law 20657, SUBPESCA is required to prepare the necessary research program for the regulation of fisheries and gain information on aquatic resources and ecosystems (status, patterns and trends) to support conservation and management measures and the decision making process. Research includes both on-going and ad hoc projects. Projects may be suggested by the established committees with SUBPESCA prioritizing the work to be completed. Two main sources finance scientific research; SUBPESCA through direct allocation and funds from the Fisheries Research Fund (FIP). The on-going FIP project in RC has a number of objectives including: (i) monitoring of the RC and AS fisheries; (ii) information collection on CPUE for lobster by area, fishing zone and month; (iii) gaining abundance indices for commercial and non-commercial lobster; (iv) determining sex and size distribution, size weight relationship and the reproductive condition of the female population; (v) estimate catch and landings of the target species; (vi) estimate the catch of bait species; and (vii) provide for the active participation of stakeholders. Research results are disseminated to all interested parties through government documents and the scientific literature. GEF Humboldt is a binational project between Chile and Peru, executed by IFOP and IMARPE, related to ecosystem-based management of LMEHC. It aims to move towards a sustainable ecosystem. The project is active in Juan Fernández and has undertaken a risk assessment of various elements of the ecosystem. Other entities are involved in research. The best example is the recent work by Oceana in ID. 5.9 MONITORING & EVALUATION The main effort at fishery monitoring is completed by the FIP project. There is a high degree of cooperation between the main bodies involved in the fishery: SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, the University of Concepción and the stakeholders themselves. Each year there is at least one meeting on Robinson Crusoe where the staus of the fishery is discussed and the consequent need for specific management measures. 6. EVALUATION PROCEDURE 6.1 HARMONIZED FISHERY ASSESSMENT There are no overlapping assessments requiring harmonization. 6.2 PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS There have been no previous assessments of this fishery. MSC Full Assessment Reporting Template v 1.3 was used to produce this report. The Default Assessment tree was used without adjustments. 6.4 EVALUATION PROCESSES AND TECHNIQUES 6.4.1 Site Visits A formal site visit took place on 20 – 25 January with meetings in Valparaiso and RC. Meetings were held with SUBPESCA, IFOP and SERNAPESCA in Valparaiso while a range of stakeholders were consulted in the island, including a general meeting to consider the RBF. 6.4.2 Consultations Table 8: Meeting Schedule
Valparaiso 20 January Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Pablo Manriquez Client Sergio Cansado MSC Italo Campodonico Subpesca Alejandro Karstegl Subpesca Francisco Ponce Subpesca Valparaiso 20 January Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Pablo Manriquez Client Sergio Cansado MSC Alejandro Karstegl Subpesca Claudio Bernal IFOP Angela Barbieri IFOP Valparaiso 20 January Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Pablo Manriquez Client Sergio Cansado MSC Alejandro Karstegl Subpesca Julio Joyeuro Sernapesca Paula Alarcon Sernapesca Jorge Toro Da Poufe Sernapesca Raul Saa Sernapesca Juan Carlos Correa Sernapesca Robinson Crusoe Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Sergio Cansado MSC Marco Perez Cliente Ivan Leiva CONAF Robinson Crusoe
MSC CR v 1.3 was used to assess the fishery Sergio Cansado MSC Marco Perez Cliente Cristian Leon Zabala Capitan de Puerto Robinson Crusoe Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Sergio Cansado MSC Marco Perez Cliente Rodrigo Cifuentes del Pino Sernapesca Robinson Crusoe Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Sergio Cansado MSC Marco Perez Cliente Alex Muñoz Oceana Robinson Crusoe Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Sergio Cansado MSC Marco Perez Cliente Franco Recabarren S Fisher Omar Chamorro S Fisher Waldo Moro Fisher Pedro Chamorro Fisher Enrique Recabarren Fisher Armando Recabarren Fisher Omar Chamorro Fisher Rafael Recabarren Fisher Rodrigo Cifuentes del PIno Sernapesca Y Montecinos Oceana Guillermo Martinez Fisher Alberto Vigara STIPA Gabriel Rojas GORE Valparaiso Osvaldo Gonzalez Fisher David da Rom Fisher Victoria Salas Rojas Student Luis Chamorro Fisher Marco Rossi President STIPA Waldo Chamorro Fisher Daniel Chamorro Fisher Manuel Chamorro Fisher Robinson Crusoe Ian Scott LA P3 Patricio Arana P1 P2 Sergio Cansado MSC Marco Perez Cliente Alberto Vigara STIPA Marco Rossi President STIPA Robinson Crusoe Sergio Cansado MSC Marco Perez Cliente M Perez Fisher
6.4.3 Evaluation Techniques The newspaper used for the public announcement was selected due to its visibility to stakeholders in the Continent and the Islands. Local radio on the islands informed residents of the process. The site visit included meetings in Valparaiso to meet Government, fishery inspection, researchers and lobster buyers. In Cumberland Bay, a number of meetings were held, including a public meeting. Scoring was undertaken in Valparaiso in July, 2014. The experts described findings and suggested scores and these were amended according to the comments of the other team member. The recommendation on certification was based on the scores achieved by each UoC for the individual Principles and the scores achieved for specific performance indicators. The scoring elements considered for PIs in P1 and P2 are shown in Table 9. Table 9: Scoring Elements
Component Scoring elements Main/not main Data-deficient or not 1.1.1 Lobster Main Yes 2.1.1 Breca Main Yes 2.2.1/2/3 None No 2.3.1/2/3 None No 2.4.1 Bottom habitat (all UoCs) No 2.5.1 Removal of lobster No
The RBF was used for PI 1.1.1 and PI 2.1.1. The team considered that there was insufficient information on this component to justify use of the default assessment tree. The stakeholder workshops provided limited information and views; the team relied on identified literature. The RBF was considered in-depth by the team. 7. TRACEABILITY 7.1 ELIGIBILITY DATE The target eligibility date is October 1, 2014. This is selected as it is the date of the opening of the new season 2014 -15. 7.2 TRACEABILITY WITHIN THE FISHERY All the legal lobster is taken to the local landing place (of which there is one in each of RC, AS and ID. Given the resource there is no possibility of vessels fishing outside the unit of certification. There is limited possibility for the substitution of certified lobster with non-certified lobster prior to and at the point of landing; this could only happen if lobster was to be caught by an unlicensed vessel or a gear other than trap and peer pressure is unlikely to allow this to happen. Lobster is landed live without After catch, the lobster of RC is transported to the port where it is maintained in sea cages (adapted traps), either by the fishers themselves or by local buyers. The cages have a capacity of 100 to 300 lobsters. Mortality during storage from 3% to 15 % depending on the length of time the lobster is kept and the water temperature. In AS the catch is kept in lobster traps located near the encampment until there is sufficient for transport to RC, where it is checked and inspected (number and size) by SERNAPESCA. A small boat transports the lobster from AS to RC where it is maintained in separate cages due to its more aggressive nature. The majority of the produce from RC and AS is shipped to the continent by sea (6,000 to 9,000 lobsters per trip) with the rest by air (700 to 1,000 per flight). At the end of the season, any stored live lobster must be declared and validated in order for it to be permitted for exprt from the archipelago. Lobster from ID is shipped directly to the mainland where it is inspected by SERNAPESCA. The SERNAPESCA inspector maintains a record of all catches by vessels in RC and AS and is responsible for ensuring that lobster is traceable back to the vessel. It is not possible to export more than the declared landings from the island. Accordingly, the traceability systems used by SERNAPESCA are robust, with monitoring of all landings, storage, transport and holding facilities located on the islands and in mainland Chile. On that basis, if the whole fishery is certified the fishery certification should end and chain of custody should begin with the first point of sale in mainland Chile. The main buyers in mainland Chile are: Comercializadora de Productos del Mar Ltda. and Sociedad Vásquez y Sánchez Ltda who buy from a number of island based agents. The main market at the moment is China where sales were established following a decline in demand due to the global financial crisis at the same time as an increase in catch (table 10). 7.3 ELIGIBILITY TO ENTER FURTHER CHAINS OF CUSTODY To be eligible to carry the MSC logo, product from the certified fishery must enter into separate Chain of Custody certifications from the first point of sale. The scope of the fisheries certification will end at entry of the lobster into holding ponds in continental Chile. Chain of custody certification is required from the holding ponds located in mainland Chile. i.e. only product sold from those holding facilities with chain of custody certification may sell certified product. IFC determined that the systems within the fishery for tracking and tracing are sufficient, lobster from the fishery may enter into further certified chains of custody and, as such, be eligible to carry the MSC ecolabel. Source: SUBPESCA 2013
7.4 ELIGIBILITY OF INSEPARABLE OR PRACTICALLY INSEPARABLE (IPI) STOCK(S) TO ENTER FURTHER CHAINS OF CUSTODY There are no IPI species in the fishery.
8. EVALUATION RESULTS 8.1 PRINCIPLE LEVEL SCORES Table 11 shows the average scores achieved for each principle by the three UoC. Table 11: UoC: Principle Level Scores.
Principle RC AS ID P 1 – Target Species 82.4 83.0 81.1 P 2 – Ecosystem 80.3 81.7 85.0 P 3 – Management System 84.0 84.0 84.0 8.2 SUMMARY OF SCORES Tables 12, 13 & 14 provide a summary of the scores allocated for each PI in the scoring of the three UoCs. 8.3 SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS The RC UoC attained a score of below 80 against seven PIs. The AS UoC attained a score of below 80 against eight PIs. The ID UoC attained a score of below 80 against eight PIs. a standard condition of certification, the client has developed an ‘Action Plan’ to address the conditions for continued certification. 8.4 RECOMMENDATION The assessment team made one recommendation. The auditors recommend that the potential to require adoption of escape windows be examined in the up-coming FMP. It is noted that this is not mandatory but designed to contribute to maintaining the sustainability of the fishery.
The conditions are applied to improve performance to at least the 80 level within a defined period. As Table 12: Robinson Crusoe: Summary of Scores
P Component Performance Indicator (PI) Score Wt Score 1 Outcome 1.1.1 Stock status 94.7 23.68 1.1.2 Reference points 80 20.00 1.1.3 Stock rebuilding 0.00 Management 1.2.1 Harvest strategy 80 10.00 1.2.2 Harvest control rules & tools 70 8.75 1.2.3 Information & monitoring 80 10.00 1.2.4 Assessment of stock status 80 10.00 2 Retained 2.1.1 Outcome 80 5.33 species 2.1.2 Management 65 4.33 2.1.3 Information 80 5.33 Bycatch 2.2.1 Outcome 100 6.67 2.2.2 Management 80 5.33 2.2.3 Information 80 5.33 ETP species 2.3.1 Outcome 90 6.00 2.3.2 Management 85 5.67 2.3.3 Information 65 4.33 Habitats 2.4.1 Outcome 80 5.33 2.4.2 Management 80 5.33 2.4.3 Information 80 5.33 Trophic 2.5.1 Outcome 80 5.33 function 2.5.2 Management 80 5.33 2.5.3 Information 80 5.33 3 Governance 3.1.1 Legal & customary framework 100 12.50 and policy 3.1.2 Consult., roles & respons. 100 12.50 3.1.3 Long term objectives 100 12.50 3.1.4 Incentives for sustainable fishing 80 10.00 Fishery 3.2.1 Fishery specific objectives 60 6.00 specific 3.2.2 Decision making processes 75 7.50 management 3.2.3 Compliance & enforcement 90 9.00 system 3.2.4 Research plan 70 7.00 3.2.5 Management Perf. Eval. 70 7.00 Table 13: Alejandro Selkirk: Summary of Scores
P Component Performance Indicator (PI) Score Wt Score 1 Outcome 1.1.1 Stock status 96.8 24.20 1.1.2 Reference points 80 20.00 1.1.3 Stock rebuilding 0.00 Management 1.2.1 Harvest strategy 80 10.00 1.2.2 Harvest control rules & tools 70 8.75 1.2.3 Information & monitoring 80 10.00 1.2.4 Assessment of stock status 80 10.00 2 Retained 2.1.1 Outcome 80 0.00 species 2.1.2 Management 65 0.00 2.1.3 Information 75 5.00 Bycatch 2.2.1 Outcome 100 6.67 2.2.2 Management 80 5.33 2.2.3 Information 80 5.33 ETP species 2.3.1 Outcome 90 6.00 2.3.2 Management 85 5.67 2.3.3 Information 65 4.33 Habitats 2.4.1 Outcome 80 5.33 2.4.2 Management 80 5.33 2.4.3 Information 80 5.33 Trophic 2.5.1 Outcome 80 5.33 function 2.5.2 Management 80 5.33 2.5.3 Information 80 5.33 3 Governance 3.1.1 Legal & customary framework 100 12.50 and policy 3.1.2 Consult., roles & respons. 100 12.50 3.1.3 Long term objectives 100 12.50 3.1.4 Incentives for sustainable 80 10.00 fishing Fishery 3.2.1 Fishery specific objectives 60 6.00 specific 3.2.2 Decision making processes 75 7.50 management 3.2.3 Compliance & enforcement 90 9.00 system 3.2.4 Research plan 70 7.00 3.2.5 Management Perf. Eval. 70 7.00 Table 14: Islas Desventuradas: Summary of Scores
P Component Performance Indicator (PI) Score Wt Score 1 Outcome 1.1.1 Stock status 96.8 24.20 1.1.2 Reference points 80 20.00 1.1.3 Stock rebuilding 0.00 Management 1.2.1 Harvest strategy 80 10.00 1.2.2 Harvest control rules & tools 70 8.75 1.2.3 Information & monitoring 65 8.13 1.2.4 Assessment of stock status 80 10.00 2 Retained 2.1.1 Outcome 100 6.67 species 2.1.2 Management 80 5.33 2.1.3 Information 75 5.00 Bycatch 2.2.1 Outcome 100 6.67 2.2.2 Management 80 5.33 2.2.3 Information 80 5.33 ETP species 2.3.1 Outcome 90 6.00 2.3.2 Management 85 5.67 2.3.3 Information 65 4.33 Habitats 2.4.1 Outcome 100 6.67 2.4.2 Management 80 5.33 2.4.3 Information 80 5.33 Trophic 2.5.1 Outcome 100 6.67 function 2.5.2 Management 80 5.33 2.5.3 Information 80 5.33 3 Governance 3.1.1 Legal & customary framework 100 12.50 and policy 3.1.2 Consult., roles & respons. 100 12.50 3.1.3 Long term objectives 100 12.50 3.1.4 Incentives for sustainable 80 10.00 fishing Fishery 3.2.1 Fishery specific objectives 60 6.00 specific 3.2.2 Decision making processes 75 7.50 management 3.2.3 Compliance & enforcement 90 9.00 system 3.2.4 Research plan 70 7.00 3.2.5 Management Perf. Eval. 70 7.00 Table 15: Summary of Conditions
PI Related to # Condition previously raised condition? RC1 RC: There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place 1.2.2 No AS1 AS: There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place 1.2.2 No ID1 ID: There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place 1.2.2 No ID2 ID: Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy 1.2.3 No RC2 RC: There is a strategy in place for managing retained species that is designed to ensure 2.1.2 No the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species AS2 AS: There is a strategy in place for managing retained species that is designed to ensure 2.1.2 No the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species AS3 AS: Information on the nature and extent of retained species is adequate to determine the 2.1.3 No risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species ID3 ID: Information on the nature and extent of retained species is adequate to determine the 2.1.3 No risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species RC3 RC: Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on 2.3.3 No ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. AS4 AS: Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on 2.3.3 No ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. ID4 ID: Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP 2.3.3 No species, including: Information for the development of the management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. RC4 RC: The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed 3.2.1 No by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 AS5 AS: The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed 3.2.1 No by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 ID5 ID: The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed 3.2.1 No by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 RC5 RC: The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes 3.2.2 No that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. AS6 AS: The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes 3.2.2 No that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. ID5 ID: The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes 3.2.2 No that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. RC6 RC: The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management 3.2.4 No AS7 AS: The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management 3.2.4 No ID7 ID: The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management 3.2.4 No RC7 RC: There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific 3.2.5 No AS8 AS: There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific 3.2.5 No management system against its objectives. There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system ID8 ID: There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific 3.2.5 No management system against its objectives. There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system
9. EVALUATION RECOMMENDATION The fishery attained a score of 80 or more against each of the MSC Principles and did not score less than 60 against any PIs. It is therefore recommended that THE CHILE JUAN FERNÁNDEZ (JASUS FRONTALIS) TRAP FISHERY be certified against the Marine Stewardship Council Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing. 10. REFERENCES Ahumada, M. & D. Queirolo. 2014. Explotación de peces asociada a la pesquería artesanal de langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 42(1): 213-223. Albert, F. 1898. La langosta de Juan Fernández y la posibilidad de su propagación en la costa chilena. Rev. Chil. Hist. nat., 2 (1-3): 5-11, 17-23, 29-31. Anson, G. 1749. A voyage around the world in the years 1740-1744. Compiled by Richard Walter, London. Arana, P. (ed.). 1985. Investigaciones marinas en el archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 374 pp. Arana, P. & C. Olate. 2000. Composición de las capturas de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis) y determinación de parámetros biológico-pesqueros durante la temporada de pesca 1996-1997. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 28: 83-115. Arana, P. & C. Toro. 1985. Distribución del esfuerzo, rendimientos por trampa y composición de las capturas en la pesquería de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). En: P. Arana (ed.). Investigaciones Marinas en el Archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 157-185. Arana, P. & G. Martínez. 1982. Estimación de crecimiento por muda en la fracción adulta de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). Informe final Subsecretaría de Pesca. Estud. Doc., Univ. Católica Valparaíso, 3/82: 96 pp. Arana, P. & J. Díaz. 1986. Utilización de trampas con dispositivos de escape en la pesquería de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). Informe final, Embajada de Canadá. Estudios y Documentos, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 7/86: 95 pp. Arana, P. & R. Vega. 2000. Esfuerzo, captura y captura por unidad de esfuerzo en la pesquería de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis) durante la temporada de pesca 1996-1997. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 28: 117-133. Arana, P. & S. Ziller. 1985. Antecedentes generales sobre la actividad pesquera realizada en el archipiélago de Juan Fernández. En: P. Arana (ed.). Investigaciones marinas en el Archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 125-152. Arana, P. 1983. Estado en que se encuentra la pesquería de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). En: P. Arana (ed.). Análisis de Pesquerías Chilenas. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 77-111. Fernández. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 291-300. Arana, P. 1991/92. Desplazamientos de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis H. Milne Edwards, 1837), determinados a través de metodologías de marcaje. Cienc. Técnol. Mar, 15: 49-75. Arana, P., E. Dupré & V. Gaete. 1985. Ciclo reproductivo, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). En: P. Arana (ed.). Investigaciones Marinas en el Archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 187- 223. Arana, P., J.C. Orellana & A. De Caso. 2010. Implementación de ventanas de escape en trampas de langosta y cangrejo dorado en el Archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Informe de Final. Estud. Doc., Pont. Univ. Católica Valparaíso, 08/2010: 168 pp. Arana, P., J.C. Orellana &. A. De Caso. 2011. Escape vents and pot selectivity in the fishery of the Juan Fernandez rock lobster (Jasus frontalis), Chile. Fish, Res, 110(2011): 1-9. Arana, P., M. Ahumada, A. Guerrero, V. Espejo, C. Silva, B. Ernst &J.M. Orensanz. 2006a. Evaluación de stock y distribución de la langosta y el cangrejo dorado en el archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Informe Final, Proyecto FIP Nº2005-21: 257 pp. Arana, P., S. Palma, A. Guerrero, M. Ahumada & A. Jofré. 2006b. Monitoreo biológico-pesquero de la langosta y cangrejo dorado en el archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Informe Final, Proyecto FIP Nº2004-48: 288 pp. Arellano, A. 2009. Explotación de recursos ícticos en las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara. Proyecto de Titulación, Esc. Ciencias del Mar, PPUCV, 69 pp. Bahamonde, N. 1948. Algunos datos sobre la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis M. Edw., 1837). Rev. Biol. Mar., Valparaíso, 1(2): 90-102. Cea, R. 2001. Efectos económicos de la aplicación de diferentes niveles de cuota global en la operación de las embarcaciones dedicadas a la pesca de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis) en las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara. Tesis, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 92 pp. Dupré, E. & C. Guisado. 1996. Identificación de los primeros estados de phyllosoma de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis) mantenidos en laboratorio. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 24: 39-50. Dupré, E. 2000 a. Laboratory observation on the reproductive and molt cycle of the Robinson Crusoe Island lobster. J. Shellfish Res., 19: 711-716. Dupré, E. 2000 b. Reproducción, muda y desarrollo de la langosta de Juan Fernández, Jasus frontalis, en estanques de cultivo. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 28: 165-174. Dupré, E. 2003. Reproducción y desarrollo de la langosta espinosa de Juan Fernández, Jasus frontalis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Minirevisión. Contribución al estudio de los Crustáceos del Pacífico Este, 2: 205-217. Dyer, B. & M.W. Wesneat, 2010. Taxonomy and biogeography of the coastal fishes of Juan Fernández Archipelago and Desventuradas Islands, hile. Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr., 45(1): 589-617. Eddy, T.D., J.P.A. Gardner & A. Pérez-Matus. 2010. Applying fishers ecological knowledge to construct past and future lobster stocks in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. PloS one, 5(11). Eloiza, A. & E. Dupré. 1996. Determinación de los estados del ciclo de muda de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis Milne Edwards, 1837). Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 24: 67-76. Ernst B., Orensanz J.M. Manríquez P., Chamorro J., Román C., & J. Porobic. 2012. Monitoring crustacean fishery in the archipelago Juan Fernández (Proyecto Subpesca 4728-49-LE11). 142 p Ernst, Billy, Chamorro, J., Manríquez, P. & Orensanz, J.M. (Lobo). 2010. Tsunami Recovery: The tsunami that hit the Juan Fernández islands of Chile has tested the resilience of the traditional tenure system of the fishing community of the area. Samudra Report, (57), Pp. 28-32. Gaete, V. & P. Arana. 1985. Análisis de la proporción sexual en la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). En: P. Arana (ed.). Investigaciones Marinas en el Archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 213-223. Larraín, F. & E. Yáñez. 1983. La pesquería de langosta (Jasus frontalis, Milne Edwards 1837) desarrollada en las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara (33º40’S-78º50’W) entre 1972-1979: estimación de rendimientos equilibrados. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 11: 19-30. Lengerich, J. 1935. La situación actual de la industria pesquera en las islas de Juan Fernández. 37 pp. Lengerich, J. 1948. Biología y pesca de la langosta de Juan Fernández. Rev. Mar., julio-agosto: 180-182. Meléndez, R. & B. Dyer. 2010. Review of southern hemisphere fish family Chironemidae (Perciformes: Cirrhitoidei). Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr., 11: 3-29. Meléndez, R. & C. Villalba. 1992. Nuevos registros y antecedentes para la ictiofauna del archipiélago de Juan Fernández, Chile. Estud. Oceanol., 11: 3-29. MSC CR v1.3 2013 MSC GCR v1.3 2013 Pavez, P. & J.E. Illanes. 1974. La langosta de Juan Fernández. IV. Descripción de la pesquería de la langosta (Jasus frontalis, M. Edwards) en el archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 5(1): 53-84. Pavez, P. & P. Arana. 1982. Estimaciones de incrementos de talla, esquema de migraciones y determinación de tamaños poblacionales vulnerables de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis). Informe Final Subsecretaría de Pesca. Estud. Doc., Univ. Católica Valparaíso, 16/82: 90 pp. Pequeño, G. & S. Saez. 2000. Los peces litorales del archipiélago de Juan Fernández (Chile): endemismo y relaciones ictiogeográficas. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 5(1): 53-84. Porović, J., C. Parada, B. Ernst, S. Hormazábal & V. Combes. 2012. Modelación de la conectividad de las subpoblaciones de la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis), a través de un modelo biofísico. In: International Conference: Environment and Resources of the South Pacific. P.M. Arana (ed.) Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 40(3): 657-656. Rivera, J. & A. Mujica. 2004. Larvas phyllosomas (Decapoda, Palinuridae y Scyllaridae) de las islas oceánicas chilenas. Invest. Mar, Valparaíso, 32(2): 99-111. Rojas, J. & G. Pequeño. 1998. Peces Serránidos de la isla Alejandro Selkirk, archipiélago de Juan Fernández, Chile. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 26: 41-58. Sepúlveda, J.I. & G. Pequeño. 1985. Fauna íctica del archipiélago de Juan Fernández. En: P. Arana (ed.). Investigaciones Marinas en el Archipiélago de Juan Fernández. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, 81-91. Venturini, V. 1993. Desarrollo de un procedimiento analítico para la descripción del crecimiento en los crustáceos, aplicado a la langosta de Juan Fernández (Jasus frontalis Milne Edwards, 1837). Tesis, Esc. Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 86 pp. Yañez, E., C. Canales & C. Silva. 2000. Evaluación indirecta y estado de explotación de la langosta (Jasus frontalis) en el archipiélago de Juan Fernández (33°40’S-80°00’W). Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 28: 135-148. The stock is at a level which maintains high productivity and has a low probability of recruitment PI 1.1.1 overfishing SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100
a t It is likely that the stock is above It is highly likely that the stock is There is a high degree of s
o the point where recruitment above the point where certainty that the stock is above p e
d would be impaired. recruitment would be impaired. the point where recruitment i
u would be impaired. G
RC NA RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA AS NA M ID NA ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Due to the lack of a stock assessment and reference points PI 1.1.1 is scored using the RBF. a c i f i t s u J b The stock is at or fluctuating There is a high degree of t
s around its target reference certainty that the stock has o
p point. been fluctuating around its e d i target reference point, or has u
G been above its target reference point, over recent years. RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA M ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk,Desventuradas. n o
i Due to the lack of a stock assessment and reference points PI 1.1.1 is scored using the RBF. t a c i f i t s u J
References MSC CR v1.3 Stock Status relative to Reference Points Current stock status relative Type of reference point Value of reference point to reference point Target reference point NA NA NA Limit reference point NA NA NA OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE RC 94.7 Note that as the SICA score was 80, the PSA score was AS 96.8 used to score PI1.1.1 (see below) ID 96.8 PI 1.1.2 Limit and target reference points are appropriate for the stock
SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Generic limit and target Reference points are t s
o reference points are based on appropriate for the stock and p
e justifiable and reasonable can be estimated. d i
u practice appropriate for the G species category. RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA M ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Use of the RBF for PI 1.1.1 leads to a score of 80 for PI 1.1.2 a c i f i t s u J b The limit reference point is set The limit reference point is set above the level at which there is above the level at which there is t
s an appreciable risk of impairing an appreciable risk of impairing o p
e reproductive capacity. reproductive capacity following d i consideration of precautionary u
G issues. RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA
M ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n
o Use of the RBF for PI 1.1.1 leads to a score of 80 for PI 1.1.2 i t a c i f i t s u J c The target reference point is The target reference point is such that the stock is such that the stock is maintained at a level consistent maintained at a level consistent with BMSY or some measure or with BMSY or some measure or surrogate with similar intent or surrogate with similar intent or outcome. outcome, or a higher level, and t
s takes into account relevant o p
e precautionary issues such as the d i ecological role of the stock with u
G a high degree of certainty. RC NA RC NA ? t AS NA AS NA e
M ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n
o Use of the RBF for PI 1.1.1 leads to a score of 80 for PI 1.1.2 i t a c i f i t s u J Referenc VRL EFRAC NIAO SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL es Justification Met? Guidepost unFrádzlbtri o oe rpi species. trophic lower a not is lobster Fernández Juan Desventuradas Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson S CR MSC 1.3 v ftestock. role the of ecological the account into ID AS RC ID AS RC NA NA NA 80 80 80 PI 1.1.3 Where the stock is depleted, there is evidence of stock rebuilding within a specified timeframe
SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Where stocks are depleted Where stocks are depleted, rebuilding strategies, which strategies are demonstrated to t s
o have a reasonable expectation be rebuilding stocks p
e of success, are in place. continuously and there is strong d i
u evidence that rebuilding will be G complete within the specified timeframe. RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA M ID NA ID NA
n Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk,Desventuradas. o i
t Where the RBF is used to score PI 1.1.1, PI 1.1.3 is not scored. a c i f i t s u J b A rebuilding timeframe is A rebuilding timeframe is The shortest practicable specified for the depleted stock specified for the depleted stock rebuilding timeframe is specified t s
o that is the shorter of 30 years or that is the shorter of 20 years or which does not exceed one p
e 3 times its generation time. For 2 times its generation time. For generation time for the d i
u cases where 3 generations is cases where 2 generations is depleted stock. G less than 5 years, the rebuilding less than 5 years, the rebuilding timeframe is up to 5 years. timeframe is up to 5 years. RC NA RC NA RC NA ?
t AS NA AS NA AS NA e
M ID NA ID NA ID NA
Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i Where the RBF is used to score PI 1.1.1, PI 1.1.3 is not scored. t a c i f i t s u J C Monitoring is in place to There is evidence that they are determine whether the rebuilding stocks, or it is highly t s
o rebuilding strategies are likely based on simulation p
e effective in rebuilding the stock modeling or previous d i
u within a specified timeframe. performance that they will be G able to rebuild the stock within a specified timeframe. RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA M ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Where the RBF is used to score PI 1.1.1, PI 1.1.3 is not scored. a c i f i t s u J
References MSC CR v 1.3 ID Not scored PI 1.2.1 There is a robust and precautionary harvest strategy in place SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a The harvest strategy is The harvest strategy is responsive to The harvest strategy is responsive to t
s expected to achieve stock the state of the stock and the the state of the stock and is o
p management objectives elements of the harvest strategy work designed to achieve stock e d i reflected in the target and together towards achieving management objectives reflected in u
G limit reference points. management objectives reflected in the target and limit reference the target and limit reference points. points. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe. The harvest strategy consists of: (i) the implicit objective of maintaining the fishery at MSY; (ii) harvest control rules designed to ensure a low risk of overfishing and affecting recruitment; and (iii) increased monitoring of the fishery as carried out by the University of Concepción. This formal approach supports the limit on effort through the system of “marcas”. If the CPUE or lobster size reduces fishers move the trap to another “marca”. There is strong cooperation between the fishers and researchers to provide the information required to measure stock status. The restricted number of fishing boats has, due to their size, limited capacity to carry and operate traps. It is considered highly unlikely that this situation will change in the future, due to: (i) the allocation of all “marcas”’; and (ii) strong stakeholder recognition of the need for sustainable management of a fishery on which their employment and income depends. Increasing levels of catch provide the evidence that the fishery is moving in the right direction, although it is recognized that oceanographic factors play an important role in determining recruitment. It is concluded that the harvest strategy will achieve the level of catch commensurate with a healthy stock based on maintaining it at the implicit BMSY.The fishery meets SG60 SIa. The harvest strategy was established to reduce the risk of overfishing; monitoring indicates any changes in the stock level and the need to review the approach; the n
o effective local management ensures that fishers comply with the harvest control rules The fishery meets i t
a SG80 SIa. As the harvest strategy is largely informal and has not been designed to respond to biological c i f i
t reference points, it does not meet SG100 SIa. s u
J Selkirk. The same conclusions are reached for Selkirk. The fishers belong to the same community as those fishing Robinson Crusoe and have established the same approach, with quasi ownership of ”marcas”. An indication of the continuing health of the fishery is the average size of lobsters caught off Selkirk being larger than Robinson Crusoe. The island is only inhabited during the lobster season and it is considered unlikely that there will be any meaningful increase in the fleet in the future. The operating efficiency of the vessels will continue to be restricted by their size. The fishery meets SG60 and SG80 for SIa but not SG100. Desventuradas. The character of the fishery in the Desventuradas is totally different from that in the archipelago. The islands are uninhabited apart from a military presence. This limits the potential of the fishery to increase and risk the lobster population. The marginal nature of life on the island would be expected to lead to the fishery not taking place if the CPUE was to reduce with returns below those required to justify activity. Stakeholder information points to the lobster from Desventuradas being much larger than in the other islands. On that basis, the harvest strategy is based on the key element of limited effort and this is not expected to change. There is monitoring with log books and landings and it is proposed to develop a project similar to that in Robinson Crusoe and Selkirk. The fishery meets SG60 and SG80 for SIa but not SG100. c
Met? Guidepost Justification Met? Guidepost hte h harvest the working. is strategy determine to whether expected is meets fishery The S SG80 work. Monitor SIb. meets to SG100 fishery meets The continue fishery objectives. will the its that achieving and is working it that is evidence strategy provides strat harvest The the SIb. that SG60 consider to plausible is on Based bee not SG80 Desventuradas has meets strategy fishery SIb. The The SG100 objectives. meets SIb. its fishery SG60 achieving meets is it fishery that The evidence work. to evide the continue but will tested, increase; and to unlikely working is is effort strategy that meaning fisheries sustainable of female gravid and on: Based Selkirk S wil meets and fishery working The is objectives. strategy harvest the for that that meaning respect consider fisheries to sustainable plausible is of work. it importance to increase; the to of unlikely acceptance is and sizes effort management smaller to of approach protection local the harvest; the of level the on: Based Crusoe Robinson or experience argument. plausible prior ID AS RC ID AS RC . n si lc that place in is ing h ihr et G0Sb h taeyhsntbe ul etd u h evide the but tested, fully been not has strategy The SIb. SG60 meets fishery The iie eff limited h ee fharvest of level the euain n h success the and regulations . Y Y Y Y Y Y . s g a o enflytest fully been not has egy n recruitment and ort c ncths epc for respect catches, on nce n h rtcino mle ie of sizes smaller of protection the and hti saheigisobjectives. its achieving is it that h ieo h niiulaias h rtcino mle ie flobster of sizes smaller of protection the animals; individual the of size the ; 8 SIb. G80 ID AS RC ; the hr sn basis no is There fqaipoet ihspoie vdneta ti civn its achieving is it that evidence provides rights property quasi of oa praht ma to approach local d u h vdneo ace and catches on evidence the but ed, Y Y Y euain n h success the and regulations ocnld httefseymesS10SIb. SG100 meets fishery the that conclude to ose n rvdfemales gravid and lobster flbtrand lobster of aeetadacpac fteimport the of acceptance and nagement I.Teei obasis no is There SIb. ti luil ocnie htteharvest the that consider to plausible is it ttre levels. target stocks at maintain to able including clearly objectives being it its that achieving show is to exists evidence and ID AS RC fqaipoet ihsprovides rights property quasi of rvdfemales gravid b hr sn basis no is There Ib. respec ocnld htthe that conclude to n reproduction and N N N n recruitment and for t c ncatches, on nce oconclude to regulations continue l fully n ance , it ; e d
Justification Met? Guidepost Justification Met? Guidepost Justification hrsaentcuh n hr inn osnttk place. take not does finning shark and caught not are Sharks Robinson strategy. place. harvest taking SId. the not finnin SG100 is review shark meet to not that need does likely fishery no is the It been moment the has at there but effort situation of this level low the Given strategy. Desventuradas harvest the do of fishery review the reducing formal a about not concern is was There there when past, Selkirk the considered. In was strategy. TACs harvest rec of the of idea review the formal catch, a not is There Crusoe Robinson time. over activity fishing from impact of largel is indicatio strategy harvest the season that fishing Given Chile. the of length SG60 the meets and fishery The time. over T activity fishing from impact Desventuradas of risk the in S increase an to lead potentially Crusoe. Robinson increase an to T lead bait. of potentially use could the that e) fishery Selkirk and the size); in and changes ri (sex the of trip composition in likelihood fishing catch the d) of indicate trap); number would and operation, trip monitoring in (fishing (boats yields effort fishing c) fishing traps); b) traps; of distribution temporal Ernst and (2000) minimum Vega book, & Arana log (1985), formal Toro & Arana Crusoe subsequently Robinson (1973); Melo & Arana I eei oemoni some is here 2008 October in began fishery lobster the on data of collection systematic he ID AS RC c. n er.TeFPmay FMP The years. ent . . ko matfo ihn ciiyoe ie h ihr et G0Sic. SG60 meets fishery The time. over activity fishing from impact of sk ftelklho fcagswti h ihr htcudptnilyla oa nraei h risk the in increase an to lead potentially could that fishery the within changes of likelihood the of n Crusoe ie,lnt opsto n e.Tercrspoieteba the provide records The sex. and composition length size), sntme G0 SId. SG100 meet not es . . NA NA NA . , n ljnr Selkirk Alejandro and Selkirk nomto a eno been has information hsmntrn ol niaetelikelih the indicate would monitoring This tor n ihfsespoiiginformation providing fishers with ing , Desventuradas g chan ti ihylkl htsakfnigis finning shark place. that taking likely not highly is It ID AS RC eti iuto u ttemoment the at but situation this ge r elkon si h quantity the is as known, well are (Ernst . h ihr et G0S SG60 meets fishery The ie improved Given tie nta oain n et,cth(oa n below and (total catch depth, and locations trap on btained ae ntelimited the on based y tal et NA NA NA (2010). . h M may FMP The okn nfl oprto h ihr n w and fishers the cooperation full in Working ace hsoto a n has option this catches orese to o fcagsi h ihr htcould that fishery the in changes of ood I c. a chang fot uhmntrn rvdsaclear a provides monitoring such effort, r t hr.T chers. efseyde o etS10SId. SG100 meet not does fishery he htsakfnigi o taking not is finning place. certainty of shark degree that high a is There as improved and ne periodically is reviewed strategy harvest The flbtr rnpre omainland to transported lobsters of ID AS RC ID AS RC hsstainbta h moment the at but situation this e cessary. s sfrrsac no )spatio a) into: research for is he . ti iia othe to similar is It num e fvsesand vessels of ber tb ot h M a change may FMP The NA NA NA N N N e osdrdin considered een ,ttlnme of number total s, tal et 21a in (2010a) . program traps t a ith This in - RC 80 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 80 ID 80 PI 1.2.2 There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place
SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Generally understood harvest Well-defined harvest control rules are in place that are rules are in place that are t s consistent with the harvest consistent with the harvest o p
e strategy and which act to reduce strategy and ensure that the d i
u the exploitation rate as limit exploitation rate is reduced as G reference points are limit reference points are approached. approached. RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. The harvest control rule to protect the spawning biomass and maintaining recruitment is generally understood. Harvest is controlled by the protection of gravid females, females in the first years of n
o maturity, and all the stock in an extended seasonal closure of 4.5 months. This reduces the risk of over i t
a fishing. The MSC definition of a well defined harvest control rule is “a set of well-defined pre-agreed c i f i
t rules or actions used for determining a management action in response to changes in indicators of stock s u
J status with respect to reference points”. While the potential to introduce TACs or extend the season may have been considered, there is no clarity on the measures that would be taken to reduce the susceptibility of the stock if its condition was to deteriorate. On that basis, the fishery does not achieve SG80SIa. b The selection of the harvest The design of the harvest t s control rules takes into account control rules takes into account o p
e the main uncertainties. a wide range of uncertainties. d i u G RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n The main uncertainties are the population size, recruitment dynamics and the part of the stock that o i
t may be harvested on a sustainable basis. The use of a harvest control rule aimed at protecting the a c i spawning biomass and the recruitment process responds to this and the fishery meets SG80 SIb. The f i t
s fishery does not meet SG100 SIb as the management approach does not take into consideration the u J impact of oceanographic factors on recruitment, although the minimum landing size of 115 mm is considered precautionary. c There is some evidence that Available evidence indicates Evidence clearly shows that the t
s tools used to implement harvest that the tools in use are tools in use are effective in o
p control rules are appropriate appropriate and effective in achieving the exploitation levels e d i and effective in controlling achieving the exploitation levels required under the harvest u
G exploitation. required under the harvest control rules. control rules. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N CONDITION SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References
Justification º54dl3/b/4 ..N1.7,dl1/e/4 eouinN.97o 6ot9 JN.34,387 No. OJ (S 06/oct/92 Res. 2004; of de 957 3356 No. Nº 30/ab (SUBPESCA) Resolution Res. del 12/sep/34; oct/92; Nº1584 of del / Nº16.971, 10 37,852, Decreto D.O. º 04/oct/72; 30/abr/34, N del del Nº1584 OJ Nº26.796, 12/sep/34 23/abr/04 D.O. del 311 07/sep/72, Nº16.971, No. del Decree Nº188 09/may/63; Decreto of over 25,537, demand º 12/sep/34; high N the OJ Desve meet 11/abr/63 05/may/04); to of catches 223 allow No. to wish Ernst the (2010); Ernst to due Year. New needed and Christmas be may protection released fishery when The and SIc. captured no SG80 is meets are there fishery that as The SIc appropriate. SG100 is meet tool not the does that indicates mortality greatly release to post unable low are units basis. fishing regular individual a that several means spawn fishery to effo the opportunity fishing of capt the nature on had The prohibition have fishery. the they by the supported vessel before is females established this of and the harvest times, the of controlling norm in the effective mos of The vessels. acceptance of number the the on limit and females; tdet etito on restriction a to due rt ereN.39o 4jl6 JNº2,9,o 19/jul/67 of 26,796, º N OJ 04/jul/67 of 399 No. Decree h f The tal et trds1June 1 nturadas seymesS6 I.E SIc. SG60 meets ishery 21) unFerná Juan (2012); ert º8 e 7sp7,DO º676 e 4ot7;Decreto 04/oct/72; del Nº26.796, D.O. 07/sep/72, del Nº188 Decreto ; Also, . the - a t 0Spebr(ereN.18 30/abr 1584 No. (Decree September 30 h lsdsao does season closed the pc ocrytasadtetm eddt hc h tra the check to needed time the and traps carry to space yseii ev specific ny dzAcieaoMy15 May Archipelago ndez C S ID1 AS1 RC1 iec nterlaeo ne ie nml n their and animals sized under of release the on vidence ID AS RC motn oal ple ol are tools applied locally important t r fgai eae n h esnlcoueof closure seasonal the and females gravid of ure BEC)N 012009. 4011 Nº UBPESCA) idence characteristics oa to 7 7 7 o strictly not 0 0 0 ako mato h gso females of eggs the on impact of lack ; - ..(I O)N 541934 1584 Nº FOM) (MIN D.S. (Decree inclusive 30 September 9mlnt) hs rules These length). m (9 eaet h hl period whole the to relate 3 JNº1,7,of 16,971, º N OJ /34 mra”and “marcas” /4 D.O. r/34, increase son ps are ; SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Some relevant information Sufficient relevant information A comprehensive range of related to stock structure, stock related to stock structure, stock information (on stock structure, productivity and fleet productivity, fleet composition stock productivity, fleet t
s composition is available to and other data is available to composition, stock abundance, o
p support the harvest strategy. support the harvest strategy. fishery removals and other e d i information such as u
G environmental information), including some that may not be directly related to the current harvest strategy, is available. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N M ID Y ID N ID N Robinson Crusoe. Information is available to allow the fishery to meet SG60 SIa. This consists of: stock structure (geographical range, age, size and sex); stock productivity; the nature and characteristics of the vessels and gear; the absence fishing mortality apart from the trap fishery; some indicators of stock abundance through on-going monitoring and previous resource assessments; and comprehensive data on fishery removals by size and sex. Other data available covers: climatic conditions (water temperature and currents, El Niño events); the affect on the fishery of different weather conditions; and an understanding of habitat types (especially the prevalence of refuges). This further supports the harvest strategy and allows the fishery to meet SG80 SIa. Lack of information on the migratory patterns of larva and the influence of climatic conditions on their survivability mean that the fishery does not meet SG100 SIa.
n Selkirk. o i
t Given that the lobster on Selkirk shares the same characteristics as those found around Robinson Crusoe, a c i it may be concluded that the above analysis applies even though historically the same amount of f i t
s attention has not been paid to that stock. The fishery meets SG60 SIa. The reduced information on the u J stock is compensated for by the knowledge that there are a limited number of vessels and that the average size of the animals is higher than on Robinson Crusoe that is a more mature fishery with a higher level of effort. The fishery meets SG80 SIa. For the reasons expressed above, the fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. Desventuradas. From data covering research in 1996 and 1997 there is information on relative abundance. There was further research in 2008 and data was collected in the 2011 – 12 season when up to 5 vessels provided information on catch. While this information may be considered scarce, data on the limited amount of effort and the large average size of the population is considered sufficient for the fishery to meet SG60 SIa. However the overall lack of data means that as matters now stand it cannot be concluded that the fishery meets SG80 SIb. b Stock abundance and fishery Stock abundance and fishery All information required by the removals are monitored and at removals are regularly harvest control rule is monitored least one indicator is available monitored at a level of accuracy with high frequency and a high t s
o and monitored with sufficient and coverage consistent with the degree of certainty, and there is p
e frequency to support the harvest harvest control rule, and one or a good understanding of d i
u control rule. more indicators are available and inherent uncertainties in the G monitored with sufficient information [data] and the frequency to support the harvest robustness of assessment and control rule. management to this uncertainty. ODTO NUMBER CONDITION SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References c
Justification Met? Guidepost Justification Met? rn,19/19;Aaa&Ml 17) rn oo(95,Aaa&Vg 20) rs 2010 Ernst (2000); Vega & Arana (1985), Toro & Arana (1973); Melo & Arana 1992; fishery 1991/ the Arana, and Arana stock 1987; the Diaz, from & removals Arana fishery meaningful other no SG80 are meets there ther that means is reached islands conclusion the on to allowed close one stock only the the is fishery trap The Crusoe, Robinson SIb. SG80 although SIb; i re stock the 2011 more with the and issues This in abundance collected catch. relative was on on data information information while (2008) provided research 1997 been and 1996 in monitoring Research the on SIb. SG100 limitations meet the Desventuradas not Given does sizes fishery SIb. fish the SG80 factors, traps, meets oceanographic of fishery number The the animals. CPUE, are size ex rule below control of harvest release the and support that indicators available Other th throughout monitored is latter SIb. The removals. fishery on information S Crusoe Robinson okaudnei oioe hog h on the through monitored is abundance tock ID rieadlc fudrtnigaotteptnilipc ntefseyfo lmtlgcland climatological from fishery the on impact potential the about understanding of lack and ercise h rjc rvdson provides project The SIc. rpsl o e res new for proposals . , Y ekr,Desventuradas. Selkirk, Selkirk. h is the n tal et i s l - a osdrdsfiin o h ihr ome G0S SG60 meet to fishery the for sufficient considered on aao tc abundan stock on data going d,telc frglrmntrn en h ihr osntme SG80 meet not does fishery the means monitoring regular of lack the nds, 00 2011; 2010, , ac illo orciyti shortcoming this rectify to look will earch stock. remov all fishery on other information good is There ID AS RC ID smnmlpsiiiyo ihn eff fishing of possibility minimal is e ose.Teei odvn n ontig h itiuinof distribution The netting. no and diving no is There lobster. Ernst ID2 ID AS RC - on nvriyo ocpinpoet hr sgood is There project. Concepción of University going tal et N Y Y Y (2012) l rmthe from als eadtelnigdt scomprehensive. is data landing the and ce – Arana ; 2sao hnu o5vsesprovid vessels 5 to up when season 12 65 80 80 tal., et e ID esn h ihr et SG60 meets fishery The season. 95 iea&Mjc,2004; Mujica, & Rivera 1985; h ihr osntmeet not does fishery The . o tb non by rt b While Ib. etyteehas there cently - oa ot.The boats. local N hr r no are there ed SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a The assessment is appropriate The assessment is appropriate for the stock and for the for the stock and for the t s
o harvest control rule. harvest control rule and takes p
e into account the major features d i
u relevant to the biology of the G species and the nature of the fishery. RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA M ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Where the RBF is used to score PI 1.1.1; a score of 80 is given to PI 1.2.4. a c i f i t s u J b The assessment estimates stock t s
o status relative to reference p
e points. d i u G RC NA ? t
e AS NA
M ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i Where the RBF is used to score PI 1.1.1; a score of 80 is given to PI 1.2.4. t a c i f i t s u J c The assessment identifies major The assessment takes The assessment takes into t
s sources of uncertainty. uncertainty into account. account uncertainty and is o p
e evaluating stock status relative d i to reference points in a u
G probabilistic way. RC NA RC NA RC NA ?
t AS NA AS NA AS NA e
M ID NA ID NA ID NA
n Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. o i
t Where the RBF is used to score PI 1.1.1; a score of 80 is given to PI 1.2.4. a c i f i t s u J d The assessment has been t
s tested and shown to be robust. o
p Alternative hypotheses and e d
i assessment approaches have u
G been rigorously explored. VRL EFRAC NIAO SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References e
Justification Met? Guidepost Justification Met? hr h B sue osoeP ..;asoeo 0i ie oP 1.2.4. PI to given is 80 of score a 1.1.1; PI score to used is RBF the Where Robins i 80 of score a 1.1.1; PI score to used is RBF the Where Robins S CR MSC nCrusoe, on Selkirk, Crusoe, on v1.3 Selkirk, Desv Desventuradas enturadas ssbett erreview. peer to status subject is stock of assessment The ID AS RC . ID AS RC NA NA NA ie oP 1.2.4. PI to given s 80 80 80 h sesethsbeen peer externally reviewed. has and internally assessment The RC ID ID AS NA NA NA NA hinder recovery of depleted retained species SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Main retained species are likely Main retained species are highly There is a high degree of t
s to be within biologically based likely to be within biologically certainty that retained species o p
e limits (if not, go to SI c below). based limits (if not, go to SI c are within biologically based d i below). limits and fluctuating around u
G their target reference points. RC NA RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA AS NA
M ID NA ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. Information provided by stakeholders indicates that there is limited retained catch, with the occasional octopus found in the traps being consumed. Bait species are considered under 2.1. Bait fishing is at two levels; hook and line is used to catch a large variety of small pelagic and demersal fish that are needed to harvest the bait species used in the directed fishery. The most important direct bait species are: breca (morwong) (Nemodactylus gayi), pampanito (Scorpis chilensis), Juan Fernández trevally (Pseudocaranx chilensis) and Moray eel (Gymnothorax porphyreus). Other species are yellowtail amberjack (Seriola lalandi), lenguado (flounder) (Paralichthys fernandezianus), bluefish (Girella albostriata), and short spine spur dog (Squalus mitsukurii). As breca, amberjack and (in former years) grouper (Polyprion oxygeneios) are used in the local market, a large part of the bait consists of their heads and other gutted waste. This complicates the analysis of the quantities used in bait.
n The total catch of Juan Fernández lobster is estimated to be at least ten fold the landings. This is due to o i
t the discard of non-commercial animals (i.e. <115 mm). Accordingly in 2011 it is likely to have been in the a c i order of 800 mt to 900 mt. f i t
s The scoring of PI 2.1.1 at SG80 only takes into consideration main retained species (i.e. those that u J constitute more than 5 % of the total catch, or are valuable species or are considered vulnerable). Stakeholders report that on average, vessels fish 30 traps and the amount of bait used is 1.5 kg per trap, or 45 kg per “fishing trip” i.e. the time that the traps are left to soak. With an average landing of one lobster per trap per fishing trip, and an average weight of 800 g per lobster, the total average landing of lobster per fishing trip is 24 kg. This implies a catch of lobster of 240 kg per trip. Thus the total catch is 285 kg of which bait species are 15.8%. As none of the species are considered valuable and vulnerable, only species accounting for more than 30% of the total bait catch would be “main” i.e consisting more than 5% of the total catch. Data from Ernst 2010, indicates that the only species falling into this category is breca (Nemadactylus gayi). Due to insufficient data on this species the RBF is used. It is assumed that breca is the main species in the three UoCs. While there is no specific evidence for this in the Desventuradas, the low level of fishing activity indicates a low level of risk to bait species in the area. b Target reference points are t s
o defined for retained species. p e d i u G RC NA ? t
e AS NA
M ID NA S sntused not is PSA score MSC an translatesinto This of below). (see SCORE 2 is INDICATOR outcome PERFORMANCE OVERALL References d c 80
MCC al C4.A h SICA the As CC140. Table CR (MSC Justification Met? Guidepost Justification Met? Guidepost Justification h B sused. is RBF The Desventuradas. Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson be to recovery. hindering limits or based species biologically outside retained causing to not expected the fishery the are in that result known place practices poorly in or measures is are status there the If R The Desventuradas. Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson depleted the species. of rebuilding recovery and hinder not does fishery are there expected are limits species measures the retained outside main If MCC C2..3.6.3) CC CR (MSC ID AS RC ID AS RC Fi used. is BF oesr htthe that ensure to npaeta are that place in NA NA NA NA NA NA . cr s2 the 2, is score T . eSICA he osnthne eoeyand recovery fishery hinder rebuilding. the not that does such place in effective there are strategy limits species partial the retained outside main If ID AS RC aaeetmeasures management ID AS RC of NA NA NA demonstrably 100 80 80 sa is PI 2.1.2 pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There are measures in place, if There is a partial strategy in There is a strategy in place for necessary, that are expected to place, if necessary, that is managing retained species. maintain the main retained expected to maintain the main t s
o species at levels which are highly retained species at levels, which p
e likely to be within biologically are highly likely to be within d i
u based limits, or to ensure the biologically, based limits, or to G fishery does not hinder their ensure the fishery does not recovery and rebuilding. hinder their recovery and rebuilding. RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N M ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk. The measures in place are those that restrict effort in the lobster fishery, with the closed season and n o
i limited entry. The fishery meets SG60 SIa. However, given the potential for the overfishing of specific bait t a
c species, it is considered that the fishery lacks a partial strategy for their protection. The fishery does not i f i
t meet SG80 SIa. s u
J Desventuradas Given the low intensity of activity, currently a partial strategy is not considered necessary. The fishery meets SG80 SIa. The lack of a strategy means that the fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. B The measures are considered There is some objective basis for Testing supports high confidence t
s likely to work, based on plausible confidence that the partial that the strategy will work, based o
p argument (e.g., general strategy will work, based on on information directly about the e d i experience, theory or some information directly about fishery and/or species involved. u
G comparison with similar the fishery and/or species fisheries/species). involved. RC Y RC N RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N AS N M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk
n Given that fishing effort is restricted for a large part of the year, it is considered that this will support o i
t maintenance of the stocks of bait species. The fishery meets SG60 SIb. The lack of a partial strategy means a c i the fishery does not meet SG80 SIb. f i t
s Desventuradas. u J The low level of fishing effort means that a partial strategy is not considered necessary and the fishery meets SG80 SIb. As there is not a strategy SG100 SIb is not met. C There is some evidence that the There is clear evidence that the t s
o partial strategy is being strategy is being implemented p
e implemented successfully. successfully. d i u G
RC N RC N ? t
e AS N AS N M ID Y ID N ODTO NUMBER CONDITION SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References e d Met? Justificatio Guidepost Justification Met? Guidepost Justificat hrsaentcuh n hr inn osnttk place. take not does finning shark and caught not are Sharks Desventuradas. Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson not is place. finning taking shark that likely is It SI 100 SG that means strategy a of lack The Desventuradas. Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson fishery the and necessary considered not is strategy partial a no that is there means As effort SIb. SG80 fishing meets of level low The Desventuradas. ID AS RC Y Y Y taeyS10Sci o met. not is SIc SG100 strategy a t ti ihylkl htshark that likely place. taking not highly is finning is It ID AS RC sntmet not is d ID AS RC C AS2 RC2 Y Y Y 80 65 65 taeyi civn t overall its objective. achieving the is that strategy evidence some is There hr sahg ereof degree high place. not taking is finning a shark that certainty is There ID AS RC ID AS RC N N N Y Y Y PI 2.1.3 and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Qualitative information is available Qualitative information and some Accurate and verifiable information t
s on the amount of main retained quantitative information are is available on the catch of all o p
e species taken by the fishery. available on the amount of main retained species and the d i retained species taken by the consequences for the status of u
G fishery. affected populations. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N AS N
M ID Y ID N ID N Robinson Crusoe. With the on-going research project funded by FIP (Ernst 2011) and the completion of log books, there is qualitative and some quantitative data available on the catch of the bait species in Robinson Crusoe while n
o qualitative information is available from fishers. The fishery meets SG60 SIa and SG80 SIa. As there is limited i t
a knowledge of bait stocks, the fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. c i f i
t Selkirk s u
J There is information on the bait species but no quantitative data on the catch in Selkirk. Qualitative information is available from fishers. The fishery meets SG60 SIa but not SG80 SIa. Desventuradas Only qualitative information is available from fishers. The fishery meets SG60 SIa but not SG80 SIa. b Information is adequate to Information is sufficient to Information is sufficient to t s
o qualitatively assess outcome status estimate outcome status with quantitatively estimate outcome p
e with respect to biologically based respect to biologically based limits. status with a high degree of d i
u limits. certainty. G RC NA RC NA RC NA ? t
e AS NA AS NA AS NA
M ID NA ID NA ID NA Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t When the RBF is used to score PI 2.1.1, PI 2.1.3 SIb is not considered. a c i f i t s u J c Information is adequate to support Information is adequate to support Information is adequate to support t
s measures to manage main retained a partial strategy to manage main a strategy to manage retained o p
e species. retained species. species, and evaluate with a high d i degree of certainty whether the u
G strategy is achieving its objective. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Information about the bait fishery (scale and intensity), catch and fisher preferences is sufficient to support a a c
i partial strategy. The fishery meets SG60 and SG80 SIc. The lack of information on bait species stocks means that f i t
s the fishery does not meet SG100 SIc. u J ODTO NUMBER CONDITION SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References
Justification Met? Guidepost h nomto ntesaeo h ose rpfseyi osdrdsfiin odtc n nraei ikto risk in increase any detect to La SId. sufficient SG80 considered meets is fishery fishery The means trap species. lobster bait of the stocks of the scale the on information The Selkirk Crusoe, Robinson htS that G 0 I sntmet. not is SId 100 Desventuradas. , fetvns ftestrategy) the the of effectiveness or of score operation indicator the in outcome changes to due (e.g. level risk ID AS RC ID AS RC AS h ihr rthe or fishery the 3 ID Y Y Y ko ealdmntrn ftectho all of catch the of monitoring detailed of ck 3 7 75 80 5 sesogigmraiist all to species. mortalities retained ongoing assess ID AS RC N N N atspecies bait The fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the by-catch species or species groups PI 2.2.1 and does not hinder recovery of depleted by-catch species or species groups SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Main by-catch species are likely Main by-catch species are highly There is a high degree of t s
o to be within biologically based likely to be within biologically certainty that by-catch species p
e limits (if not, go to SI b below). based limits (if not, go to SI b are within biologically based d i
u below). limits. G RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n There are no bycatch species apart from a limited quantity of crab that is discarded. Other species apart o i t from lobster that are found in the traps are consumed or used for bait. While a number of traps are a c i
f lost, the speed at which these rot means that they do not form a main risk to other species. Due to the i t s low catch, it may be concluded that the species are within biologically based limits and the fishery not u J only meets SG60 & SG80 SIa that are related to main species but also SG100 SIa. b If main by-catch species are If main by-catch species are outside biologically based limits outside biologically based limits t s
o there are mitigation measures in there is a partial strategy of p
e place that are expected to demonstrably effective d i
u ensure that the fishery does not mitigation measures in place G hinder recovery and rebuilding. such that the fishery does not hinder recovery and rebuilding. RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y M ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i There are no main by catch species. t a c i f i t s u J c If the status is poorly known there are measures or practices t s
o in place that are expected to p
e result in the fishery not causing d i
u the by-catch species to be G outside biologically based limits or hindering recovery. RC Y ? t
e AS Y M ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t There are no main by catch species. a c i f i t s u J RC 100 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 100 ID 100 PI 2.2.2 risk of serious or irreversible harm to by-catch populations SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There are measures in place, if There is a partial strategy in There is a strategy in place for necessary, that are expected to place, if necessary, that is managing and minimizing by- maintain the main by-catch expected to maintain the main catch. t s
o species at levels which are highly by-catch species at levels which p
e likely to be within biologically are highly likely to be within d i
u based limits, or to ensure the biologically based limits, or to G fishery does not hinder their ensure the fishery does not recovery and rebuilding. hinder their recovery and rebuilding. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i The lack of main discarded species means that measures and a partial strategy are not needed for t a
c protection. As a strategy is not in place, apart from maintaining the status quo, the fishery does not meet i f i
t SG100 SIa. s u J b The measures are considered There is some objective basis for Testing supports high confidence t
s likely to work, based on plausible confidence that the partial that the strategy will work, based o
p argument (e.g. general strategy will work, based on on information directly about the e d i experience, theory or comparison some information directly about fishery and/or species involved. u
G with similar fisheries/species). the fishery and/or species involved. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t The lack of main discarded species means that measures and a partial strategy are not needed for a c
i protection. As a strategy is not in place, apart from maintaining the status quo, the fishery does not meet f i t
s SG100 SIb. u J
c t There is some evidence that the There is clear evidence that the s
o partial strategy is being strategy is being implemented p e
d implemented successfully. successfully. i u G
RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N M ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t The lack of main discarded species means that a partial strategy is not needed for protection. As a strategy a c
i is not in place, apart from maintaining the status quo, the fishery does not meet SG100 SIc. f i t s u J VRL EFRAC NIAO SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References
Justification Met? Guidepost sasrtg snti lc,aatfo anann the maintaining from apart place, in not is strategy a As Sel Crusoe, Robinson ik Desventuradas. kirk, ID AS RC ttsquo status 80 80 80 h ihr osntme G0 SID. SG100 meet not does fishery the , objective. ID AS RC N N N Information on the nature and the amount of by-catch is adequate to determine the risk posed by the PI 2.2.3 fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage by-catch SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Qualitative information is Qualitative information and Accurate and verifiable information t
s available on the amount of main some quantitative information is available on the catch of all by- o p
e by-catch species taken by the are available on the amount of catch species and the d i fishery. main by-catch species taken by consequences for the status of u
G the fishery. affected populations. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N
n Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. o i
t Interviews with fishers allied with an understanding of the selectivity of traps presents a substantial a c i amount of qualitative information that points to the lack of bycatch in the fishery. Quantitative f i t
s information provided by researchers supports this conclusión. The fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIa. The lack u J of accurate and verifiable information on the bycatch prevents the fishery from achieving SG100 SIa. b Information is adequate to Information is sufficient to Information is sufficient to t
s broadly understand outcome estimate outcome status with quantitatively estimate outcome o p
e status with respect to respect to biologically based status with respect to biologically d i biologically based limits limits. based limits with a high degree of u
G certainty. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t The information on the extremely low level of bycatch and the lack of “main” species is sufficient to a c
i conclude that the fishery meets SG60/SG80 at SIb. The information available is insufficient to find that the f i t
s fishery meets SG100 SIb. u J c Information is adequate to Information is adequate to Information is adequate to support a t
s support measures to manage support a partial strategy to strategy to manage retained species, o p
e by-catch. manage main by-catch species. and evaluate with a high degree of d i certainty whether the strategy is u
G achieving its objective. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i The lack of “main” species means that a partial strategy is not needed and the fishery meets SG60/SG80 at t a c
i SIc. The lack of detailed information means the fishery does not meet SG100 SIc. f i t s u J VRL PER OVERALL References
Justification Met? Guidepost OMNEIDCTRSCORE INDICATOR FORMANCE ikadteptnil(xrml o)frab ac pce ob osdrdmi.T main. considered be to species catch by a for species low) bycatch SId (extremely SG80 potential “main” the any and not risk are sprea spatial there intensity, moment the At Desventuradas. Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson . h ako ealdmonitoring detailed of lack The ,hnln fcth rmrese from catch) of handling d, niao crso the strategy). the or the of or outcome effectively fishery the of scores the operation in indicator by (e.g main changes species to risk catch in increase en the means ID AS RC ID AS RC ihr osntme G0 SId SG100 meet not does fishery a r hr ol esuf be would chers Y Y Y 80 80 80 ,deto due ., nomto ntefsey(rpdesign, (trap fishery the on Information . - iin oietf n increased any identify to ficient oass non mortalities by all to ongoing assess to ID AS RC - ac species. catch . he N N N ihr meets fishery The fishery meets national and international requirements for the protection of ETP species PI 2.3.1 The fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to ETP species and does not hinder recovery of ETP species SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Known effects of the fishery are The effects of the fishery are There is a high degree of likely to be within limits of known and are highly likely to certainty that the effects of the t
s national and international be within limits of national and fishery are within limits of o p
e requirements for protection of international requirements for national and international d i ETP species. protection of ETP species. requirements for protection of u
G ETP species. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t It is considered that the fishery does not effect fur seals. As there are virtually no interactions with ETP a c
i species there is a high degree of certainty that those that may occasionally arise are within limits of f i t
s national and international requirements for protection. The fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SIa. u J b Known direct effects are unlikely Direct effects are highly unlikely There is a high degree of t
s to create unacceptable impacts to create unacceptable impacts confidence that there are no o
p to ETP species. to ETP species. significant detrimental direct e d i effects of the fishery on ETP u
G species. RC Y RC Y RC Y ?
t AS Y AS Y AS Y e
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i The lack of interaction with ETP species leads to a high degree of certainty that those that may t a
c occasionally arise are within limits of national and international requirements for protection. The i f i
t fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SIB. s u J c Indirect effects have been There is a high degree of t
s considered and are thought to confidence that there are no o p
e be unlikely to create significant detrimental indirect d i unacceptable impacts. effects of the fishery on ETP u
G species. RC Y RC N ? t AS Y AS N e
M ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n The only possible indirect effects are by vessel collisions, disturbances due to temporary living o i
t accommodation on Selkirk and Desventuradas, and the potential impact from lost gear. Given that a c
i there are no known intercations with fur seal and the lack of other ETP species found in the area, it is f i t
s considered that indirect effects are unlikely and the fishery meets SG80 SIc. The lack of specific u J research means the fishery does not meet SG100 SIc. References MSC CR V1.3 ID 90 PI 2.3.2 international requirements; Ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious harm to ETP species; Ensure the fishery does not hinder recovery of ETP species; and Minimise mortality of ETP species. SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There are measures in place There is a strategy in place for There is a comprehensive that minimise mortality of ETP managing the fishery’s impact strategy in place for managing species, and are expected to be on ETP species, including the fishery’s impact on ETP t s
o highly likely to achieve national measures to minimise species, including measures to p
e and international requirements mortality, which is designed to minimise mortality, which is d i
u for the protection of ETP be highly likely to achieve designed to achieve above G species. national and international national and international requirements for the protection requirements for the protection of ETP species. of ETP species. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n As there are no known interactions with ETP species, the strategy is to maintain the status quo and o i t
a the fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIa. The lack of a comprehensive strategy (which is not needed in this c i f
i fishery) means that the fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. t s u J b The measures are considered There is an objective basis for The strategy is mainly based on t
s likely to work, based on confidence that the strategy information directly about the o
p plausible argument (e.g., will work, based on information fishery and/or species involved, e d i general experience, theory or directly about the fishery and a quantitative analysis u
G comparison with similar and/or the species involved. supports high confidence that fisheries/species). the strategy will work. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t As there are no known interactions with ETP species, the strategy of maintaining the status quo is a c
i considered likely to work and the fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIb. The lack of a quantitative analysis f i t
s means that the fishery does not meet SG100 SIb. u J c There is evidence that the There is clear evidence that the t s
o strategy is being implemented strategy is being implemented p
e successfully. successfully. d i u G RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n
o The lack of any reports of interactions with ETP species provides the evidence that the fishery meets i t
a SG80 Sic. However, lack of specific research means there is not the clear evidence required to allow c i f
i the fishery to meet SG100 Sic. t s u J VRL EFRAC NIAO SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References
Justification Met? Guidepost h ako n eot fitrcin ihEPseispoie h vdneta h ihr meets fishery the that evidence the provides species ETP with interactions SId. of SG1000 reports any of lack The Desventuradas. Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson ID AS RC 85 85 85 objective. ID AS RC Y Y Y Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management strategy; Information to assess the PI 2.3.3 effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information is sufficient to Sufficient information is Information is sufficient to qualitatively estimate the available to allow fishery quantitatively estimate t
s fishery related mortality of ETP related mortality and the outcome status of ETP species o p
e species. impact of fishing to be with a high degree of certainty. d i quantitatively estimated for u
G ETP species. RC Y RC N RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N AS N
M ID Y ID N ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t The lack of any reports of interactions with ETP species, and anecdotal evidence from researchers a c
i and fishers provides the information needed for the fishery to meet SG60 SIa. However, the lack of f i t
s specific research means there is not the basis to make quantative estimates and the fishery does u J not meet SG80/SG100 SIa. b Information is adequate to Information is sufficient to Accurate and verifiable t
s broadly understand the impact determine whether the fishery information is available on the o
p of the fishery on ETP species. may be a threat to protection magnitude of all impacts, e d i and recovery of the ETP mortalities and injuries and the u
G species. consequences for the status of ETP species. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. The lack of any reports of interactions with ETP species, and anecdotal evidence from researchers n o i
t and fishers is adequate to broadly understand the impact of the fishery on ETP species and a c
i determine the potential threat to their protection and recovery. The fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIb. f i t
s The information available does not indicate the number and nature of all impacts and the fishery u J does not meet SG100 SIb. c Information is adequate to Information is sufficient to Information is adequate to support measures to manage measure trends and support a support a comprehensive t
s the impacts on ETP species. full strategy to manage impacts strategy to manage impacts, o
p on ETP species. minimize mortality and injury e d i of ETP species, and evaluate u
G with a high degree of certainty whether a strategy is achieving its objectives. RC Y RC N RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N AS N
M ID Y ID N ID N ODTO NUMBER CONDITION SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References
Justification etS8/G0 SIa. SG80/SG100 is meet there if SIc. determine SG60 and trends meets fishery The measures. edt oiyteapoc nteftr.Th future. the in approach the modify to need a oee h nomto sntsfiin odtc any detect to sufficient not is information the However C AS4 RC3 ID AS RC ID 4 65 65 65 ihr osnot does fishery e The fishery does not cause serious or irreversible harm to habitat structure, considered on a regional PI 2.4.1 or bioregional basis, and function SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a The fishery is unlikely to reduce The fishery is highly unlikely to There is evidence that the habitat structure and function reduce habitat structure and fishery is highly unlikely to t
s to a point where there would function to a point where there reduce habitat structure and o
p be serious or irreversible harm. would be serious or irreversible function to a point where there e d
i harm. would be serious or irreversible u
G harm. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. The fishery has been active over many decades and is concentrated on rocky benthos. While there is n
o contact between the trap and the bottom this is highly unlikely to result in damage. Calculations (see i t
a 2.1.1 SICA) show that the area of the fishery is a small proportion of the total area of the waters c i f i surrounding the islands. The fishery is closed for a large part of the year. This is evidence that leads to t s
u the conclusion that the fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SIa. J References Eddy et al RC 80 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 80 ID 100 There is a strategy in place that is designed to ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or PI 2.4.2 irreversible harm to habitat types SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There are measures in place, if There is a partial strategy in There is a strategy in place for t
s necessary, that are expected to place, if necessary, that is managing the impact of the o p
e achieve the Habitat Outcome 80 expected to achieve the Habitat fishery on habitat types. d i level of performance. Outcome 80 level of u
G performance or above. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Due to the lack of risk to habitat from the fishery, neither measures or a partial strategy are required. a c
i The fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIb. The lack of a strategy means that the fishery does not meet SG100 f i t
s SIa. u J b The measures are considered There is some objective basis for Testing supports high likely to work, based on confidence that the partial confidence that the strategy will t
s plausible argument (e.g. general strategy will work, based on work, based on information o p
e experience, theory or information directly about the directly about the fishery and/or d i comparison with similar fishery and/or habitats involved. habitats involved. u
G fisheries/habitats). RC Y RC Y RC N ?
t AS Y AS Y AS N e
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Knowledge of the fishery (nature, scale and intensity) provides an objective basis for confidence that a c
i neither measures nor a partial strategy are needed. The lack of a strategy and related testing means f i t
s that the fishery does not meet SG100 SIb. u J c There is some evidence that the There is clear evidence that the t s
o partial strategy is being strategy is being implemented p
e implemented successfully. successfully. d i u G RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID N
n Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. o i
t Knowledge of the fishery (nature, scale and intensity) and the lack of change over many years provides a c i the evidence that a partial strategy is not needed. The fishery meets SG80 SIc. The lack of a strategy f i t
s means that the fishery does not meet SG100 SIc. u J d There is some evidence that the t s
o strategy is achieving its p
e objective. d i u G VRL EFRAC NIAO SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References
Justification Met? h ako taeymasta h ihr osntme G0 SId. SG100 meet not does fishery the that means strategy a of lack The Desventuradas. Selkirk, Crusoe, Robinson ID AS RC 80 80 80 ID N Information is adequate to determine the risk posed to habitat types by the fishery and the PI 2.4.3 effectiveness of the strategy to manage impacts on habitat types SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There is basic understanding of The nature, distribution and The distribution of habitat types t
s the types and distribution of vulnerability of all main habitat is known over their range, with o
p main habitats in the area of the types in the fishery are known at particular attention to the e d i fishery. a level of detail relevant to the occurrence of vulnerable habitat u
G scale and intensity of the types. fishery. RC Y RC Y RC N ?
t AS Y AS Y AS N e
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n The seafloor and benthic communities in the area of the fishing operation are well known. The fishery o i
t meets SG60 SIa. Given the character of the fishery, it may be concluded that the nature, distribution a c i and vulnerability of all main habitat types in the fishery area are known at a level of detail relevant to f i t
s its scale and intensity of the trap fishery (number of boats and limited number of traps). The fishery u J meets SG80 SIa. In the absence of information on the occurrence of vulnerable habitat types in the área of the fishery, SG100 SIa is not met. b Information is adequate to Sufficient data are available to The physical impacts of the gear broadly understand the nature allow the nature of the impacts on the habitat types have been t
s of the main impacts of gear use of the fishery on habitat types to quantified fully. o
p on the main habitats, including be identified and there is e d i spatial overlap of habitat with reliable information on the u
G fishing gear. spatial extent of interaction, and the timing and location of use of the fishing gear. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t AS Y AS Y AS N e
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n There is strong information on the spatial extent of interaction, and the timing and location of use of o i
t the fishing gear. This together with information from other trap fisheries is sufficient to allow the a c i nature of the impacts of the fishery on habitat types to be broadly understood. The fishery meets SG60 f i t
s SIb. This information is sufficient to identify the nature of any impacts on hábitat and there is strong u J information on the use of gear (location and timing). The fishery meets SG80 SIb. The impact of the gear on hábitats has not been quantified fully. The fishery does not meet SG100 SIb. c Sufficient data continue to be Changes in habitat distributions collected to detect any increase over time are measured. t s
o in risk to habitat (e.g. due to p
e changes in the outcome d i
u indicator scores or the G operation of the fishery or the effectiveness of the measures). RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N M ID Y ID N VRL EFRAC NIAO SCORE INDICATOR PERFORMANCE OVERALL References
Justification hne nhbttdsrbto vrtm,atog niey r o esrd h ihr meets fishery The measured. not are unlikely, not but although SIc, time, over distribution hábitat in Changes SG100 SIc . ID AS RC 80 80 80 SG80 The fishery does not cause serious or irreversible harm to the key elements of ecosystem structure and PI 2.5.1 function SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a The fishery is unlikely to disrupt The fishery is highly unlikely to There is evidence that the the key elements underlying disrupt the key elements fishery is highly unlikely to ecosystem structure and underlying ecosystem structure disrupt the key elements t
s function to a point where there and function to a point where underlying ecosystem structure o p
e would be a serious or there would be a serious or and function to a point where d i irreversible harm. irreversible harm. there would be a serious or u
G irreversible harm. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe & Selkirk. The fishery lands mature lobster with the females having the opportunity to reproduce at least four times before capture. Indications are that the applied management measures have been successful in restoring the population to former levels. Only the local vessels have access to the resource. The fishery
n is highly selective. While there is a bait fishery, a significant part of the raw material derives from fish o i
t waste and if there is scarcity of a particular resource the fishers may substitute another. There is an a c i extended closed season. There is no evidence of decreased diversity due to the harvest of lobster, e.g. f i t
s a truncated size composition of the ecological community or changes in the species biodiversity of the u J ecological community due to the fishery. On that basis it seems reasonable to conclude that the fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIa. As there is limited evidence to prove that this is the case the fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. Desventuradas. The limited level of effort provides the evidence that the fishery meets SG100 SI a. References Eddy et al (2010), GEF-UNDP RC 80 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 80 ID 100 PI 2.5.2 ecosystem structure and function SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There are measures in place, if There is a partial strategy in There is a strategy that consists t s
o necessary. place, if necessary. of a plan, in place. p e d i u G RC Y RC Y RC N ? t AS Y AS Y AS N e
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i Neither measures nor a partial strategy are considered necessary. The fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIa. A t a
c strategy is not in place. The fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. i f i t s u J b The measures take into account The partial strategy takes into The strategy, which consists of a potential impacts of the fishery account available information plan, contains measures to on key elements of the and is expected to restrain address all main impacts of the ecosystem. impacts of the fishery on the fishery on the ecosystem, and at ecosystem so as to achieve the least some of these measures Ecosystem Outcome 80 level of are in place. The plan and performance. measures are based on well- t s
o understood functional p
e relationships between the d i
u fishery and the Components and G elements of the ecosystem. This plan provides for development of a full strategy that restrains impacts on the ecosystem to ensure the fishery does not cause serious or irreversible harm. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i Neither measures nor a partial strategy are considered necessary. The fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIB. A t a
c strategy is not in place. The fishery does not meet SG100 SIb i f i t s u J c The measures are considered The partial strategy is The measures are considered t
s likely to work, based on considered likely to work, based likely to work based on prior o
p plausible argument (e.g., on plausible argument (e.g., experience, plausible argument e d i general experience, theory or general experience, theory or or information directly from the u
G comparison with similar comparison with similar fishery/ecosystems involved. fisheries/ecosystems). fisheries/ecosystems).
100 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i Neither measures nor a partial strategy are considered necessary. The fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIc.A t a
c strategy is not in place. The fishery does not meet SG100 SIc i f i t s u J
d t There is some evidence that the There is evidence that the s
o measures comprising the partial measures are being p e
d strategy are being implemented implemented successfully. i
u successfully. G
RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N M ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Neither measures nor a partial strategy are considered necessary. The fishery meets SG80 SId. a c
i Measures have not been implemented. The fishery does not meet SG100 SId. f i t s u J
References RC 80 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 80 ID 80
101 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 PI 2.5.3 There is adequate knowledge of the impacts of the fishery on the ecosystem
SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information is adequate to Information is adequate to identify the key elements of the broadly understand the key t s
o ecosystem (e.g., trophic elements of the ecosystem. p
e structure and function, d i
u community composition, G productivity pattern and biodiversity). RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y M ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n A wide variety of data from assessments and academic research are available on the ecosystem o i t
a components off Robinson Crusoe and Selkirk and more recent work has been completed on the c i f
i Desventuradas and the area as a whole. Research on other Jasus species provides adequate knowledge t s
u on their main functions, and this also applies to other elements of the ecosystem. The fishery meets J SG60/SG80 SIa. b Main impacts of the fishery on Main impacts of the fishery on Main interactions between the t
s these key ecosystem elements these key ecosystem elements fishery and these ecosystem o p
e can be inferred from existing can be inferred from existing elements can be inferred from d i information, and have not been information and some have been existing information, and have u
G investigated in detail. investigated in detail. been investigated. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i The main functions of the lobster and main retained bycatch species and habitats are known. There is t a
c substantial information on the impact of lobster fisheries in other parts of the world. This is sufficient to i f i
t let the fishery meets SG60/SG80 SIb; but the lack of local detailed investigation precludes the fishery s u J from meeting SG100 SIa. There are limited interactions between the fishery and ETP species. c The main functions of the The impacts of the fishery on t
s Components (i.e., target, By- target, By-catch, Retained and o
p catch, Retained and ETP species ETP species are identified and e d i and Habitats) in the ecosystem the main functions of these u
G are known. Components in the ecosystem are understood. RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N M ID Y ID N
102 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 n o i t
a ecosystem are sufficient to allow some main consequences for the ecosystem to be inferred. c i f
i Information on the number of vessels, landings and number of traps is sufficient to detect any increase t s
u in risk to the ecosystem. The available Information suggests that all three UoCs would likely at least J achieve SG80 resulting in an unconditional pass for this PI. d Sufficient information is Sufficient information is available on the impacts of the available on the impacts of the t
s fishery on these Components to fishery on the Components and o p
e allow some of the main elements to allow the main d i consequences for the ecosystem consequences for the ecosystem u
G to be inferred. to be inferred. RC Y RC N ? t AS Y AS N e
M ID Y ID N
n Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. o i
t The general information available on the local ecosystem is considered sufficient to meet SG80 SIb, but a c i as this is not enough to allow the main consequences for the ecosystem to be inferred the fishery does f i t
s not meet SG100 SId. u J e Sufficient data continue to be Information is sufficient to collected to detect any increase support the development of t s
o in risk level (e.g., due to changes strategies to manage ecosystem p
e in the outcome indicator scores impacts. d i
u or the operation of the fishery or G the effectiveness of the measures). RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N M ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t Sufficient data on the fishery (nature, scale and intensity) continue to be collected to detect any increase a c
i in risk to ecosystem function. The fishery meets SG80 SIe. The lack of specific information on the impact f i t
s of the fishery on the ecosystem means the fishery does not meet SG100 SIe. u J References RC 80 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 80 ID 80
103 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 The management system exists within an appropriate legal and/or customary framework which ensures that it: Is capable of delivering sustainable fisheries in accordance with MSC Principles 1 and 2; and PI 3.1.1 Observes the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on fishing for food or livelihood; and Incorporates an appropriate dispute resolution framework. SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There is an effective national There is an effective national There is an effective national legal system and a framework for legal system and organised and legal system and binding t s cooperation with other parties, effective cooperation with other procedures governing o
p where necessary, to deliver cooperation with other parties
e parties, where necessary, to d i management outcomes which delivers management
u deliver management outcomes
G consistent with MSC Principles 1 consistent with MSC Principles 1 outcomes consistent with MSC and 2 and 2. Principles 1 and 2.
RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. The fishery operates in the context of a well established legal system that forms the basis for sustainable fisheries in Chile. In this fishery, the hard features of the legal framework are complemented by the soft n
o regulations of traditional practice and norms. As the stock is not straddling or highly migratory there is no i t
a requirement for cooperation with other parties in international terms but this is relevant to the status of c i f i
t the fishery within a national park and a marine protected area. This ensures consideration of factors s u
J related specifically to P2. The fishery meets SG60 / SG80 SIa. Given the laws and regulations in force in may be considered that the required cooperation is binding. In addition, the local approach to management involves accepted norms, commonly held values, beliefs and agreed rules within the islands’ fishing communities. The fishery meets SG100 SIa. b The management system The management system The management system incorporates or is subject by law incorporates or is subject by law incorporates or subject by law to t
s to a mechanism for the to a transparent mechanism for a transparent mechanism for the o
p resolution of legal disputes the resolution of legal disputes resolution of legal disputes that is e d i arising within the system. which is considered to be appropriate to the context of the u
G effective in dealing with most fishery and has been tested and issues and that is appropriate to proven to be effective. the context of the fishery. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. At the local level, management is based on agreement within the community to respect quasi-property n
o rights related to the allocation of fishing spots (marcas). The disputes are resolved at the local level i t
a between stakeholders. Informed opinion emphasizes the efficacy of this approach and the respect of c i f i
t fishers for acquired rights. Given the nature of the fishery, this approach may be considered as entirely s u
J appropriate, especially as SUBPESCA and SERNAPESCA are available as back-up as required. The system has been in operation over an extended period of time and is considered effective. The fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SIb.
104 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 the legal rights created explicitly rights created explicitly or to the legal rights created t s
o or established by custom of established by custom of people explicitly or established by p
e people dependent on fishing for dependent on fishing for food or custom of people dependent on d i
u food or livelihood in a manner livelihood in a manner consistent fishing for food and livelihood in G consistent with the objectives of with the objectives of MSC a manner consistent with the MSC Principles 1 and 2. Principles 1 and 2. objectives of MSC Principles 1 and 2. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n It is evident that the management system that has evolved in the fishery is formally commited to the o i
t established rights of the local community. It remains an artisanal fishery that has been self managed with a c i full cooperation from the fishers and the community. In the past, any issues have been resolved within a f i t
s community that recognizes the need for the occasional support of formal management (e.g. the u J permanent presence of SERNAPESCA and the closed season on Selkirk). The fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SId. References RC 100 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 100 ID 100
105 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 The management system has effective consultation processes that are open to interested and affected parties. PI 3.1.2 The roles and responsibilities of organisations and individuals who are involved in the management process are clear and understood by all relevant parties SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Organisations and individuals Organisations and individuals Organisations and individuals involved in the management involved in the management involved in the management process have been identified. process have been identified. process have been identified. Functions, roles and Functions, roles and Functions, roles and t
s responsibilities are generally responsibilities are explicitly responsibilities are explicitly o p
e understood. defined and well understood for defined and well understood for d i key areas of responsibility and all areas of responsibility and u
G interaction. interaction. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. A range of bodies are involved in the management process: SUBPESCA (policy and its application); n
o SERNAPESCA (compliance); IFOP, Universities, STC, CNP and ZFCs.Stakeholders are strongly i t
a represented in the decision making process. This is especially the case in the FMP committees. The c i f i
t roles and functions of these are explicitly defined and well understood. This covers all areas of s u
J responsibility and interaction. Although there are a number of representative organisations on the islands, they work in cooperation and the roles of the various ones are fully understood. The fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SIa. b The management system The management system The management system includes consultation processes includes consultation processes includes consultation processes that obtain relevant information that regularly seek and accept that regularly seek and accept t s
o from the main affected parties, relevant information, including relevant information, including p
e including local knowledge, to local knowledge. The local knowledge. The d i
u inform the management system. management system management system G demonstrates consideration of demonstrates consideration of the information obtained. the information and explains how it is used or not used. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t AS Y AS Y AS Y e
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n Through the STCs and CNP, SUBPESCA is fully informed of the situation in the various fisheries. o i
t Meetings of the various entities (STC, CNP, ZFC) are open to stakeholders and the minutes explain a c i consideration of the various issues. The fishery meets SG60 / SG80 SIb. For fisheries that are fully f i t
s exploited or are closed to new entrants, an FMP must be prepared and the procedures for these are u J explicitly defined in the Law. This will be considered by the fishers themselves in the Management Committee. The fishery meets SG100 SIb.
106 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 t s o
p interested and affected parties encouragement for all e d i to be involved. interested and affected parties u
G to be involved, and facilitates their effective engagement. RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n
o The management of Chilean fisheries requires stakeholder input into the various procedures. The i t
a fishery meets SG80 SIc. The defined need for stakeholder representation on the various entities c i f i
t provides the opportunity for all interested and affected parties to be represented. The fishery s u
J management committee in the fishery will include 8 fishers selected by the community itself. The fishery meets SG100 SIc. References
RC 100 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 100 ID 100
107 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 The management policy has clear long-term objectives to guide decision-making that are consistent PI 3.1.3 with MSC Principles and Criteria, and incorporates the precautionary approach SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Long-term objectives to guide Clear long-term objectives that Clear long-term objectives that decision-making, consistent guide decision-making, guide decision-making, t s
o with the MSC Principles and consistent with MSC Principles consistent with MSC Principles p
e Criteria and the precautionary and Criteria and the and Criteria and the d i
u approach, are implicit within precautionary approach are precautionary approach, are G management policy explicit within management explicit within and required by policy. management policy. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t AS Y AS Y AS Y e
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. MSC CR Para CB4.4.1 notes that “the team shall interpret management policy to mean outside the specific fishery under assessment (i.e. at a higher level or within a broader context than the fishery-
n specific management system)”, while CB4.4.2 notes that “the team shall interpret the o i
t precautionary approach for the purposes of scoring this PI to mean being cautious when a c i information is uncertain, unreliable or inadequate and that the absence of adequate scientific f i t
s information shall not be used as a reason for postponing or failing to take conservation and u J management measures”. Article 1°b and 1°C of the 2013 Law provide explicit long term objectives. It explicitly notes the need for action even if the scientific data is uncertain, unreliable or incomplete. The inclusion in the Law shows that the precautionary approach is not only explicit but required. The fishery meets the single issue a SG60, SG80 and SG100. References Law 20657
RC 100 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 100 ID 100
108 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 The management system provides economic and social incentives for sustainable fishing and does not PI 3.1.4 operate with subsidies that contribute to unsustainable fishing SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a The management system The management system The management system provides for incentives that are provides for incentives that are provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the consistent with achieving the consistent with achieving the t
s outcomes expressed by MSC outcomes expressed by MSC outcomes expressed by MSC o
p Principles 1 and 2. Principles 1 and 2, and seeks to Principles 1 and 2, and explicitly e d i ensure that perverse incentives considers incentives in a regular u
G do not arise. review of management policy or procedures to ensure they do not contribute to unsustainable fishing practices. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t AS Y AS Y AS N e
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. MSC’s GCR Para GCB4.5 notes “When considering if the fishery management system provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by P1 and P2 (SG60 and SG80), the key issue in this part of the SG is to score the system with reference to if it ‘opens the door’ for the possibility for positive incentives. Does the system have attributes, policies or principles that would tend to incentivise fishers to fish sustainably, that engender a sense of stewardship of the resources?” As reported by OECD (2010) one of the features of Chilean fisheries and aquaculture policy is the lack of extensive government support programmes providing direct financial payment to the sector. The auditors did not identify any perverse incentives that may contribute to unsustainable fishing (e.g. fuel n
o subsidies). The definition of property rights in Chilean fisheries provides incentives for sustainable fishing. i t
a Fines for infringements provide an incentive to respect the regulations. The research undertaken reduces c i f i
t information gaps and uncertainty. The approach to definition of FMPs, and fisher membership of the s u
J Committees provide for stakeholder participation in the management process which is an incentive. MSC GCR Para GCB 4.5 further notes “assessments may consider the effectiveness of incentives for “good behaviour”, such as peer pressure, social beliefs and customs that encourage sustainable practices and long-term stewardship of fisheries resources and the marine environment”.The traditional “marcas” in the lobster fishery are quasi property rights and provide a strong incentive for sustainable fishing, as does limited entry into the fishery. The system has proven itself to be both durable and effective. It can be concluded that the management system provides for incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2. The fishery meets SG60 / SG80 SIa. However, there is no explicit consideration of incentives in a regular review of management policies and the fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. References
RC 80 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 80 ID 80
109 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s PI 3.2.1 Principles 1 and 2 SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Objectives, which are broadly Short and long-term objectives, Well defined and measurable consistent with achieving the which are consistent with short and long-term objectives, t
s outcomes expressed by MSC’s achieving the outcomes which are demonstrably o
p Principles 1 and 2, are implicit expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 consistent with achieving the e d i within the fishery’s and 2, are explicit within the outcomes expressed by MSC’s u
G management system fishery’s management system. Principles 1 and 2, are explicit within the fishery’s management system. RC Y RC N RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N AS N
M ID Y ID N ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. MSC CR Para GCB4.7 notes that “in some traditionally managed fisheries, or fisheries under self- governance, objectives may not always be stated quantitatively or be expressed specific to the particular species or fishery under assessment. Objectives may specify social and/or economic objectives. In some fisheries objectives may be defined in terms of addressing further declines, rather than specifically maintaining optimum yields or biomass levels. Compliance of the fishery with MSC requirements can be determined by how well these variously formulated objectives align with achieving sustainability as expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2. Objectives that are defined to meet social needs may in some cases be consistent with achieving sustainability as articulated in Principles 1 and 2. To be
n considered as consistent with achieving sustainability, however, such objectives should not be designed o i
t to meet social needs at the expense of ecological considerations”. The overriding importance of the a c i lobster fishery is undoubtedly from a socio-economic point of view, with the need to maintain a f i t
s sustainable fishery to provide both sustenance and a livelihood to the limited number of island u J inhabitants. However, this has not been to the expense of sustainable fisheries. The use of fishing gear that may carry negative consequences to the local ecosystem (trawl and gill net) is not allowed, and despite the demand for licenses there is a cap on the number of boats that may operate. The management harvest control rules of closed season and minimum landing size show that the aim is for long term benefit as opposed to short term commercial profit and thus address the need for sustainability. Definitive work on the FMP has begun (http://www.subpesca.cl/prensa/601/w3-propertyvalue- 51242.html Accessed 20 August 2014). Due to the lack of an FMP, as matters now stand there is not, however an explicit definition of short and long term objectives. The fishery does not meet SG80 SIa or SG100 SIa. References http://www.subpesca.cl/prensa/601/w3-propertyvalue-51242.html
CONDITION NUMBER RC4 AS5 ID5 RC 60 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 60 ID 60
110 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making processes that result in PI 3.2.2 measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a There are some decision-making There are established decision- t s
o processes in place that result in making processes that result in p
e measures and strategies to measures and strategies to d i
u achieve the fishery-specific achieve the fishery-specific G objectives. objectives. RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y M ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. In the past, a number of decisions have been made with the aim of maintaining the stock of lobster
n available for commercial harvest. Some of the measures introduced resulted directly from requests by o i
t the fishers themselves e.g. in 2005 fishers in Selkirk requested the introduction of a seasonal closure for a c i the island and in 2010 a permanent SERNAPESCA presence on the island followed a petition from the f i t
s fishers to support the regularization of the fishery (vessel licenses) and strengthen enforcement u J (permissible gears and minimum sizes). Fishers themselves have acted against the introduction of larger vessels. The close season and the minimum landing size also responded to the decision making process. The fishery meets SG60 /SG80 SIa. b Decision-making processes Decision-making processes Decision-making processes respond to serious issues respond to serious and other respond to all issues identified in t
s identified in relevant research, important issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, o
p monitoring, evaluation and relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a e d i consultation, in a transparent, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive u
G timely and adaptive manner and transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the take some account of the wider manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions. implications of decisions. wider implications of decisions. RC Y RC N RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N AS N
M ID Y ID N ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. The history of the fishery shows that since the initial years of the fishery the decision making process in n o i
t the fishery has responded with measures – e.g. closed season, gravid females, MLS and the restricted a c
i number of gears. These decisions affect the impact of the fishery on other elements of the ecosystem. f i t
s The fishery meets SG60 SIb. However, the decision making process has not responded to all important u J issues most notably the potential impact on the stocks of bait species. The fishery doesn’t meet SG80 SIb. c Decision-making processes use t s
o the precautionary approach and p
e are based on best available d i
u information. G
RC Y ? t
e AS Y M ID Y 111 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 n o i t
a SG80 SIc. c i f i t s u J d Some information on fishery Information on fishery Formal reporting to all interested performance and management performance and management stakeholders provides action is generally available on action is available on request, comprehensive information on request to stakeholders. and explanations are provided fishery performance and t s
o for any actions or lack of action management actions and p
e associated with findings and describes how the management d i
u relevant recommendations system responded to findings G emerging from research, and relevant recommendations monitoring, evaluation and emerging from research, review activity. monitoring, evaluation and review activity. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. Each year there is a general meeting prior to season start between the fishers, SUBPESCAS and n
o researchers where data on the fishery is provided with an insight into the effectiveness and the need for i t
a management actions. The Transparency Law in Chile ensures to any interested party to have access to all c i f i
t pieces of information in regard to fisheries research and management. A substantial part is available at a s u
J website and it is also provided information on request. The annual meetings are supplemented by other meetings during the season. The fishery meets SG60/SG80 SId. The lack of formal reporting means the fishey does not meet SG100 SId. e Although the management The management system or The management system or authority or fishery may be fishery is attempting to comply fishery acts proactively to avoid t
s subject to continuing court in a timely fashion with judicial legal disputes or rapidly o
p challenges, it is not indicating a decisions arising from any legal implements judicial decisions e d i disrespect or defiance of the law challenges. arising from legal challenges. u
G by repeatedly violating the same law or regulation necessary for the sustainability for the fishery. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t There is no indication of any legal disputes and court challenges in the lobster fishery. This indicates that a c
i the proactive approach, with full consideration of stakeholder points of view, is successful and the fishery f i t
s meets SG100 SIe. u J
References
RC 75 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 75 ID 75 CONDITION NUMBER RC5 AS6 ID6
112 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the fishery’s management measures are PI 3.2.3 enfoRced and complied with SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Monitoring, control and A monitoring, control and A comprehensive monitoring, surveillance mechanisms exist, surveillance system has been control and surveillance system t
s are implemented in the fishery implemented in the fishery has been implemented in the o
p under assessment and there is a under assessment and has fishery under assessment and e d i reasonable expectation that they demonstrated an ability to has demonstrated a consistent u
G are effective. enforce relevant management ability to enforce relevant measures, strategies and/or management measures, rules. strategies and/or rules. RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n While in the past it appears there were many instances of non-compliance with the regulations (vessel o i
t licensing, new boats entering the fishery, the landing of non-commercial lobster) available evidence a c i suggests that the presence of a full time SERNAPESCA office in Robinson Crusoe has rectified the issues. f i t
s Conversations with the fishery officer indicate that a comprehensive traceability system has been u J implemented to prevent the marketing on under-sized lobster and ensure that only those animals that have been reported can be shipped to the mainland. b Sanctions to deal with non- Sanctions to deal with non- Sanctions to deal with non- t
s compliance exist and there is compliance exist, are compliance exist, are o p
e some evidence that they are consistently applied and thought consistently applied and d i applied. to provide effective deterrence. demonstrably provide effective u
G deterrence. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t AS Y AS Y AS Y e
M ID Y ID Y ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o i
t The sanctions are codifed in the law and applied by the SENAPESCA office. Discussions with the fishers a c
i and the SERNAPESCA officials provided a strong indication that potential sanctions are an effective f i t
s additional deterrent to non-compliance; nevertheless the main deterrent is the understanding by fishers u J of the need to fish sustainably. The fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SIb. c Fishers are generally thought to Some evidence exists to There is a high degree of comply with the management demonstrate fishers comply with confidence that fishers comply t s
o system for the fishery under the management system under with the management system p
e assessment, including, when assessment, including, when under assessment, including, d i
u required, providing information required, providing information providing information of G of importance to the effective of importance to the effective importance to the effective management of the fishery. management of the fishery. management of the fishery. RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t AS Y AS Y AS Y e
M ID Y ID Y ID Y
113 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 n o i
t comply with the management system. There is strong respect for quasi-property rights and substantial a c i peer pressure to comply with the various regulations. The fishers work in cooperation with the on-going f i t
s Univesity of Concepción project and provide a substantial amount of information. Some of the past u J management decisions have followed on from requests by the fishers (closed season Selkirk; permanent SERNAPESCA office). The fishery meets SG60/SG80/SG100 SIc. d There is no evidence of t s
o systematic non-compliance. p e d i u G
RC Y ? t
e AS Y
M ID Y Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. n o
i Discussions with fishery managers and compliance officers during the site visits and background research t a
c did not provide any evidence of systematic non-compliance of fishers with the regulations. Court cases i f i
t over the past 5 years have been isolated. The fishery meets SG80 SId. s u J
References
RC 90 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 90 ID 90
114 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 PI 3.2.4 The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of management
SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Research is undertaken, as A research plan provides the A comprehensive research plan required, to achieve the management system with a provides the management objectives consistent with MSC’s strategic approach to research system with a coherent and t s
o Principles 1 and 2. and reliable and timely strategic approach to research p
e information sufficient to achieve across P1, P2 and P3, and d i
u the objectives consistent with reliable and timely information G MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. sufficient to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. RC Y RC N RC N ? t AS Y AS N AS N e
M ID Y ID N ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n Over the years a large number of research projects have been completed or are in process that relate o i
t to issues included in the MSC standard. Hence the FIP project in Robinsoin Crusoe and Selkirk, with a c i some attention being paid to the Desventuradas. Also there is the GEF project, the recent declaration f i t
s of the Juan Fernández MPA and the activities of Oceana related to the ecosystems of the archipelago u J and the Desventuradas. The fishery meets SG60 SIa. However, the lack of a written research plan precludes the fishery from meeting SG80 Sia. b Research results are available to Research results are Research plan and results are t
s interested parties. disseminated to all interested disseminated to all interested o
p parties in a timely fashion. parties in a timely fashion and e d i are widely and publicly u
G available.
RC Y RC Y RC Y ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS Y
M ID Y ID Y ID Y
n Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. o i
t Results are available on the various web sites of the different researchers. The fishery meets a c i
f SG60/SG80/SG100 SIb i t s u J
References
RC 70 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 70 ID 70 CONDITION NUMBER RC6 AS7 DV7
115 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery-specific management PI 3.2.5 system against its objectives There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system SI SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a The fishery has in place The fishery has in place The fishery has in place t s
o mechanisms to evaluate some mechanisms to evaluate key mechanisms to evaluate all parts p
e parts of the management parts of the management system of the management system. d i
u system. G RC Y RC Y RC N ? t
e AS Y AS Y AS N
M ID Y ID Y ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. This PI relates to the management system having a process of monitoring and evaluating management performance, appropriate to the cultural context, scale and intensity of the fishery, and relevant to the whole system not just management outcomes. Relevant parts of the management system fishery-specific n
o can include MCS (i.e., Compliance and Enforcement PI), research plan, feedback and response, and i t
a monitoring systems as required by the Management Strategy and Information PIs in P1 and P2. In c i f i
t relation to the assessment of informal management approaches the team involved in any main s u
J assessment would consider whether there are opportunities and/or forums for decision-makers to receive feedback on the management system. It should also consider other practices such as exchange of information between the community and the management institution. The fishery meets SG60/ SG80 SIa. Part of the new approach to the development of FMPs is that performance is monitored at least every 5 years. However, the FMP has not yet been defined. The fishery does not meet SG100 SIa. b The fishery-specific management The fishery-specific management The fishery-specific management t
s system is subject to occasional system is subject to regular system is subject to regular o
p internal review. internal and occasional external internal and external review. e d i review. u G
RC Y RC N RC N ? t
e AS Y AS N AS N
M ID Y ID N ID N Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.
n There are annual reviews of the fishery and the potential need to modify the management approach. The o i
t fishery meets SG60 SIb. Under the MSC GCR “the external review for SG80 and SG100 could be: by a c i another department within an agency; by another agency or organisation within the country; through a f i t
s government audit that is external to the fisheries management agency; by a peer organisation nationally u J or internationally; by external expert reviewers”. As the review process is largely carried out by SUBPESCA, this is not considered to be external and the fishery does not meet SG80/SG100 SIb. References
RC 70 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE AS 70 ID 70 CONDITION NUMBER RC7 AS8 ID8
116 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 BASED FRAMEWORK OUTPUTS 1.2 RISK APPENDIX pedx1.2.1 Scale Intensity Consequence Analysis (SICA) Appendix : SICA – P.I. 1.1 Lobster 16
Risk-causing activities Spatial Temporal Intensity of Relevant Consequence MSC Score Indicator Performance scale of scale of activity subcomponents score activity activity Fishing activities from all fisheries RC=2 RC=80 outcomeTarget species including: Population size AS=2 AS=80 Direct capture ID=1 ID=100 Unobserved mortality (e.g. RC=3 RC=5 RC=3 Reproductive gear loss) AS=2 AS=5 AS=3 capacity Capture as bycatch in other ID=1 ID=4 ID=2 fisheries Age/size/sex structure Other identified risk-causing activities (please specify) Geographic range
selecting worst Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. The lobster trap is very selective gear. While some traps are lost, due to the material used Rationalefor these quickly deteriorate allowing any captured lobster to escape. There are no other fisheries for lobster and other risk causing scenarioplausiblecase activities have not been identified. Accordingly, direct fishing is considered to be the only risk causing activity to the lobster population. Robinson Crusoe. Lobster is found at between 1 and 200 m depth around the island; this converts into a total potential fishing area of Spatial scaleRationalefor of 200km2. Less than 45 vessels hold rights to fish lobster around the island. With an average of 30 traps per vessel, the total numbe traps fished in any one year is a maximum of 1,350. Under the assumption that traps are effective up to 10 m from a lobster, they cover an area of 315m2 i.e. a total of about 425,000 m2 . Assuming that each trap is moved 75 times during the season (either to adjacent to where it had been fishing or to different “marca”, the total area covered in the fishing year would be 32km2,or16%ofthe total fishing area. Following table MSC CR v1.3 CC*, this translates into a SICA score of 3 (16-30%). Selkirk. With the same approximate area and 9 boats, using the same argument as above the total area covered would be 5.1 km the SICA score would be 2 (1 – 15 %). Desventuradas. With the same approximate area and 4 boats, using the same argument as above the total area covered would be 1 km2 and the SICA score would be 1 (<1%).
Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Robinson Crusoe. A score of 5 is given as the traps work every day during the season of 225 days, although fisher activities may at times TemporalRationalefor be disrupted by the weather (table MSC CR CC9). scale of activity Selkirk. A score of 5 is given as the traps work every day during the season of 225 days, although fisher activities may at times be disrupted by the weather (table MSC CR CC9). Desventuradas. A score of 4 is given as the traps work every day during a reduced season of less than 200 days, although fisher activities may at times be disrupted by the weather (table MSC CR CC9). Robinson Crusoe. Fishers change the fishing location on a regular basis according to the time of the season and the catch of minimum IntensityRationalefor of sized lobster. It may be concluded that there is moderate detection of activity at broader spatial scale but obvious local detection. This is a SICA score of 3 (table MSC CR CC10). Selkirk. Fishers change the fishing location on a regular basis according to the time of the season and the catch of minimum sized lobster. Although there are fewer boats than Robinson Crusoe, it may still be concluded that there is moderate detection of activity at broader spatial scale but obvious local detection. This is a SICA score of 3 (table MSC CR CC10). Desventuradas. Due to the few boats it is concluded that the intensity score is 2 (table MSC CR CC10) i.e. activity occurs rarely or in f restricted locations and evidence of activity even at these scales is rare Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.The fishers only land lobster above the minimum size of 115 mm CL, while the gravid females choosingRationalefor most -component are protected and the fishery is closed for a large part of the reproduction period. The post release mortality of below size lobster vulnerablesub known to be low. The fishable biomass is only found in the fishing area. Accordingly, it is felt that the fishery has no impact on reproductive capacity, age / size / sex structure. However, it is known that over fishing without application of an effective harvest strategy may reduce population, and this is selected as the most vulnerable sub-component. Robinson Crusoe. It is known that the average size of the lobster has decreased compared to historic lengths, but given the situation of Consequence lefor the fishery it may be concluded that this has not affected recruitment nor stock dynamics (table MSC CR CC11); this is a consequence score of 2 (i.e. Possible detectable change in size/growth rate (r) but minimal impact on population size and none on dynamic translates into an MSC score of 80. Selkirk. While lobster in Selkirk tends to be bigger than that caught in Robinson Crusoe, nevertheless due to the fishery’s age, average size has declined. This is a consequence score of 2 (i.e. Possible detectable change in size/growth rate (r) but minimal impact on population size and none on dynamics) that translates into an MSC score of 80. Desventuradas. Limited historical effort in Desventuradas has led to large individuals still being caught. The consequence score is 1 (i.e. Insignificant change to population size/growth rate (r). Unlikely to be detectable against background variability for this population) that translates into an MSC score of 100.
Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 : SICA Scoring Template for PI 2.1.1 Retained Species 17
Risk-causing activities Temporal Spatial scale Intensity of Relevant from fishery under scale of Consequence score MSC Score Indicator Performance of activity activities subcomponents assessment activity
Fishing Population size RC=2 RC=80 TWO: PRINCIPLE Gear loss AS=2 AS=80 RetainedSpecies Bait collection ID=1 ID= Outcome Other identified risk-causing RC=3 RC=5 RC=3 Reproductive activities (please AS=2 AS=5 AS=3 capacity Species: specify) ID=1 ID=4 ID=2 (Nemadactylus Breca Age/size/sex structure Geographic range
While fishers will use whatever bait available, the preference is for breca. It is estimated that up to 30 % of total bait usage is breca. The total selectingRationalefor use of breca for bait is estimated at 28.2 mt in Robinson Crusoe, 22.5 mt in Selkirk and 8.4 mt in Desventuradas. Analysis of the direct impact caseworstplausible of the bait fishery on the species is complicated as both whole breca and the breca waste after processing for human consumption is used scenario There is a directed fishery for breca and this may be a risk causing activity. The impact of breca from any ghost fishing by lost gear is likely to be minimal to non-existent. There are no “non-island” fishing activities for the species. Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. Fishers tend to fish for bait in specific grounds which they know. In broad terms it may be concluded SpatialRationalefor ctivity that, at a maximum, the spatial activity is the same as that for lobster with the main driver being the number of active traps to be baited. scale ofa
Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. As with the trap fishery the one for bait is seasonal. The temporal score is the same as for the TemporalRationalefor lobster fishery. scale ofactivity
ntensity Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas. The bait fishery is conducted immediately before the fishers go to tend their traps using the time I Rationalefor needed to catch the required quantity. The amount required for a specific trip will depend on the amount of “waste” available. The same of activity
Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 rational applies as for the trap fishery.
Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, Desventuradas.The fishers only catch the amount of bait required to put in the traps. The fishery use baited hook choosingRationalefor - and line and this will be size selective; this method would tend not to catch smaller fish and would not be sex specific. Fishers land lobster submost vulnerable above the minimum size of 115 mm CL, while the gravid females are protected and the fishery is closed for a large part of the reproduction component period. The fishable biomass is distributed found over more ground than the fishing area. Accordingly, it is felt that the main impact of the fishery will be on population size. The fishery has no impact on reproductive capacity, age / size / sex structure.
While Friedlander expressed concern for the potential threat of bait fisheries to the populations of the relevant species, it was considered Rationalefor that the populations in Robinson Crusoe remain healthy. Although there is less fishing effort, the same may be concluded for Selkirk. For score Consequence both, the consequence score is 2 (i.e. Possible detectable change in size/growth rate (r) but minimal impact on population size and none dynamics) that translates into an MSC score of 80. Limited fishing activity in Desventuradas leads to the conclusion that the consequence score is 1 (i.e. Insignificant change to population size/growth rate (r). Unlikely to be detectable against background variability for this population) that translates into an MSC score of 100.
Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 12.2 Appendix 1.2.2 Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis The MSC CR requires the RBF for Principle 1 to be based on both SICA and PSA. The information used to calculate the PSA is shown in Table 14, that leads to the result shown in Table 15. The MSC score for Robinson Crusoe is 94.7; Selkirk and Desventuradas it is 96.8.
Table 18: PSA Principle 1 Rationale Table
Productivity Rationale Score Average age at The average age at maturity is 6 years. RC=2 maturity. AS=2 ID=2 Average The average maximum age is 15 years. RC=2 maximum age AS=2 ID=2 Fecundity Fecundity ranges between 61,500 and 501,100 eggs (Arana et al., 1985). At RC=1 the size of first capture, females have an average fecundity of 400,000 eggs. AS=1 ID=1 Average Lobster can reach to 212 mm (CL) and 214 mm (CL) in males and females, RC=1 maximum size respectively; although the average size is much smaller it is >100 mm (CL) AS=1 ID=1 Average size at The minimum size of gravid females is approximately 58 mm CL (Lengerich maturity 1948). The size of females at sexual maturity was estimated using the relationship between total gravid females v total females, and the presence RC=1 and absence of gravid overies in 77 mm CL (Arana et al., 1985). Females AS=1 may spawn at least 4 times before they reach the minimum landing size ID=1 (115 mm). In males, size was determined with 78 mm CL (Arana et al., 1985). Reproductive Lobster is a broadcast spawner. RC=1 strategy AS=1 ID=1 Trophic level The trophic level is 2.8 RC=2 AS=2 ID=2 Susceptibility Rationale Score Areal Overlap Robinson Crusoe. As shown by the SICA, there is an overlap of 16 % between the gear and species distribution. RC=2 Alexandro Selkirk. As shown by the SICA, there is an overlap of 2.5 % AS=1 between the gear and species distribution. Desventuradas. As shown by the SICA, there is an overlap of 0.55 % ID=1 between the gear and species distribution. Vertical Overlap Robinson Crusoe, Alexandro Selkirk, Desventuradas. There is a high overlap RC=3 of the lobster with the traps. AS=3 ID=3 Selectivity Robinson Crusoe, Alexandro Selkirk, Desventuradas. Lobster is highly RC=3 susceptible to being caught in the trap and is unable to escape until assisted AS=3 by the fishers. ID=3
121 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Post capture Robinson Crusoe, Alexandro Selkirk, Desventuradas. Evidence clearly shows RC=1 mortality that released lobster may be recaptured on a number of occasions. AS=1 ID=1
122 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 19: Principal 1: Results of PSA Analysis
123 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 13. APPENDIX 1.3: CONDITIONS Table 20: Condition RC1
PI 1.2.2 There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place Issues at SG80 a. Well-defined harvest control rules are in place that are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached. Performance Indicator b. The selection of the harvest control rules takes into account the main uncertainties. c. Available evidence indicates that the tools in use are appropriate and effective in achieving the exploitation levels required under the harvest control rules. Score 70 SIa. The harvest control rule to protect the spawning biomass and maintaining recruitment is generally understood. Harvest is controlled by the protection of gravid females, females in the first years of maturity, and all the stock in an extended seasonal closure of 4.5 months. This reduces the risk of over fishing. Rationale The MSC definition of a well defined harvest control rule is “a set of well-defined pre-agreed rules or actions used for determining a management action in response to changes in indicators of stock status with respect to reference points”. While the potential to introduce TACs or extend the season may have been considered, there is no clarity on the measures that would be taken to reduce the susceptibility of the stock if its condition was to deteriorate. By year 4 of the certification well-defined harvest control rules are in place that Condition are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that there has been consideration of the options to respond to observed changes in indicators. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that an explicit response to observed changes in indicators has been proposed. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the explicit response to observed changes in indicators has been defined. At the fourth annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence to show that the need for the explicit response has been considered for the management of the fishery in the next fishing season. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the fourth audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Client action Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, plan various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7,
124 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 2104. One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of a suitable suite of harvest control rules that will be implemented to ensure that in the event there is a threat to the stock, there will be a defined line of action that will be implemented by the beginning of the following season. By the end of year 1, in the absence of biological reference points we will have identified stock status indicators that may be used to identify the situation of the fishery and related trends. On the basis of our knowledge of stock dynamics, we will identify reference points for the fishery off Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara. During year 2 we will discuss the reference points and the related harvest control rules with the stakeholders will incorporate them into the Fishery Management Plan draft. During year 3, we will continue to research the lobster fishery and proposed reference points. By the end of year 3, we provide evidence that stock status has been fully discussed with stakeholders prior to the new season with the objective of identifying any need for a change in the harvest control rules in response to detected changes in the status of the resource that may cause a potential harm to the stock. We consider that this action plan will be sufficient to meet the condition by the third annual audit. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate research takes place and that Consultation on stakeholders are fully involved in the decision making process. Our undertaking is condition to take the steps necessary in cooperation with the stakeholders to ensure the long term sustainability of the fishery.
125 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 21: Condition AS1
PI 1.2.2 There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place Issues at SG80 a. Well-defined harvest control rules are in place that are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached. Performance Indicator b. The selection of the harvest control rules takes into account the main uncertainties. c. Available evidence indicates that the tools in use are appropriate and effective in achieving the exploitation levels required under the harvest control rules. Score 70 SIa. The harvest control rule to protect the spawning biomass and maintaining recruitment is generally understood. Harvest is controlled by the protection of gravid females, females in the first years of maturity, and all the stock in an extended seasonal closure of 4.5 months. This reduces the risk of over fishing. Rationale The MSC definition of a well defined harvest control rule is “a set of well-defined pre-agreed rules or actions used for determining a management action in response to changes in indicators of stock status with respect to reference points”. While the potential to introduce TACs or extend the season may have been considered, there is no clarity on the measures that would be taken to reduce the susceptibility of the stock if its condition was to deteriorate. By year 4 of the certification well-defined harvest control rules are in place that Condition are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that there has been consideration of the options to respond to observed changes in indicators. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that an explicit response to observed changes in indicators has been proposed. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the explicit response to observed changes in indicators has been defined. At the fourth annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence to show that the need for the explicit response has been considered for the management of the fishery n the next fishing season. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the fourth audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, Client action various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of plan nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of a suitable suite of harvest control rules that will be implemented to ensure that in the event there is a threat 126 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 to the stock, there will be a defined line of action that will be implemented by the beginning of the following season. By the end of year 1, in the absence of biological reference points we will have identified stock status indicators that may be used to identify the situation of the fishery and related trends. On the basis of our knowledge of stock dynamics, we will identify reference points for the fishery off Selkirk. During year 2 we will discuss the reference points and the related harvest control rules with the stakeholders will incorporate them into the Fishery Management Plan draft. During year 3, we will continue to research the lobster fishery and proposed reference points. By the end of year 3, we provide evidence that stock status has been fully discussed with stakeholders prior to the new season with the objective of identifying any need for a change in the harvest control rules in response to detected changes in the status of the resource that may cause a potential harm to the stock. We consider that this action plan will be sufficient to meet the condition by the third annual audit. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate research takes place and that Consultation on stakeholders are fully involved in the decision making process. Our undertaking is condition to take the steps necessary in cooperation with the stakeholders to ensure the long term sustainability of the fishery.
127 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 22: Condition ID1
PI 1.2.2 There are well defined and effective harvest control rules in place Issues at SG80 a. Well-defined harvest control rules are in place that are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached. Performance Indicator b. The selection of the harvest control rules takes into account the main uncertainties. c. Available evidence indicates that the tools in use are appropriate and effective in achieving the exploitation levels required under the harvest control rules. Score 70 SIa. The harvest control rule to protect the spawning biomass and maintaining recruitment is generally understood. Harvest is controlled by the protection of gravid females, females in the first years of maturity, and all the stock in an extended seasonal closure of 4.5 months. This reduces the risk of over fishing. Rationale The MSC definition of a well defined harvest control rule is “a set of well-defined pre-agreed rules or actions used for determining a management action in response to changes in indicators of stock status with respect to reference points”. While the potential to introduce TACs or extend the season may have been considered, there is no clarity on the measures that would be taken to reduce the susceptibility of the stock if its condition was to deteriorate. By year 4 of the certification well-defined harvest control rules are in place that Condition are consistent with the harvest strategy and ensure that the exploitation rate is reduced as limit reference points are approached. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that there has been consideration of the options to respond to observed changes in indicators. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that an explicit response to observed changes in indicators has been proposed. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the explicit response to observed changes in indicators has been defined. At the fourth annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence to show that the need for the explicit response has been considered for the management of the fishery in the next fishing season. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the fourth audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, Client action various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of plan nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of a suitable suite of harvest control rules that will be implemented to ensure that in the event there is a threat 128 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 to the stock, there will be a defined line of action that will be implemented by the beginning of the following season. By the end of year 1, in the absence of biological reference points we will have identified stock status indicators that may be used to identify the situation of the fishery and related trends. On the basis of our knowledge of stock dynamics, we will identify reference points for the fishery off the Desventuradas. During year 2 we will discuss the reference points and the related harvest control rules with the stakeholders will incorporate them into the Fishery Management Plan draft. During year 3, we will continue to research the lobster fishery and proposed reference points. By the end of year 3, we provide evidence that stock status has been fully discussed with stakeholders prior to the new season with the objective of identifying any need for a change in the harvest control rules in response to detected changes in the status of the resource that may cause a potential harm to the stock. We consider that this action plan will be sufficient to meet the condition by the third annual audit. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate research takes place and that Consultation on stakeholders are fully involved in the decision making process. Our undertaking is condition to take the steps necessary in cooperation with the stakeholders to ensure the long term sustainability of the fishery.
129 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 23: Condition ID2
PI 1.2.3 Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy Issues at SG80 a. Sufficient relevant information related to stock structure, stock productivity, fleet composition and other data is available to support the harvest strategy. Performance b. Stock abundance and fishery removals are regularly monitored at a level of Indicator accuracy and coverage consistent with the harvest control rule, and one or more indicators are available and monitored with sufficient frequency to support the harvest control rule. c. There is good information on all other fishery removals from the stock. Score 65 SIa. From data covering research in 1996 and 1997 there is information on relative abundance. There was further research in 2008 and data was collected in the 2011 – 12 season when up to 5 vessels provided information on catch. While this information may be considered scarce, data on the limited amount of effort and the large average size of the population is considered sufficient for the fishery to meet SG60 SIa. However the overall lack of data means that as matters now stand Rationale it cannot be concluded that the fishery meets SG80 SIb. SIb. Research in 1996 and 1997 provided information on relative abundance and more recently there has been research (2008) while data was collected in the 2011 – 12 season when up to 5 vessels provided information on catch. This is considered sufficient for the fishery to meet SG60 SIb. While there are no issues with the stock in the islands, the lack of regular monitoring means the fishery does not meet SG80 SIb; although proposals for new research will look to rectify this shortcoming. The fishery does not meet SG80 SIb. Condition By year 4, relevant information will be collected for the Desventuradas to support the harvest strategy. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the research plan to gain the required information has been considered and defined. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that Milestones information gathering is in process. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the information has been collected and analysed. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. While the fishery off the Desventuradas is currently considered to be sustainable due to the limited amount of effort during a relatively short fishing season, we Client action recognize the importance of gaining better information on the fishery to ensure plan that resource availability is more fully understood and provide the basis for any management actions that may be deemed necessary in the future, especially if there are indications that the amount of effort may increase.
130 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 At the first annual audit, we will present the CAB with a gap analysis of the current information available and defined the options for improvement based on close cooperative work with the fishers themselves. Following agreement with the fishers, from the start of the 2016 fishing season we will have made the arrangements needed to collect the required information and we present the evidence at the second annual audit. By the third annual audit we will present the CAB with data and related analysis, with an indication of potential trends. Consultation on As the client SUBPESCA has consulted the University of Concepción on whether or condition not the action plan is realistic.
131 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 24: Condition RC2
There is a strategy in place for managing retained species that is designed to PI 2.1.2 ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species Issues at SG80 a. There is a partial strategy in place, if necessary, that is expected to maintain the main retained species at levels, which are highly likely to be within biologically, based limits, or to ensure the fishery does not hinder their recovery and Performance rebuilding. Indicator b. There is some objective basis for confidence that the partial strategy will work, based on some information directly about the fishery and/or species involved. c. There is some evidence that the partial strategy is being implemented successfully. Score 65 SIa. Given the potential for the overfishing of specific bait species, it is considered Rationale that the fishery lacks a partial strategy for their protection. SIb. The fishery lacks a partial strategy for the sustainable harvest of bait species. By year 3 of the certification , there will be a strategy in place for managing bait Condition species that is designed to ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the options for a partial strategy have been identified and discussed. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that at Milestones least a partial strategy has been implemented. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that on the achievements of the partial strategy. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, Client action 2104. plan One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of at least a partial strategy to manage the catch of bait species. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the options for bait management in Robinson Crusoe have been discussed and these have been included in a draft FMP.
132 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 By the end of year 3 we will provide evidence that the partial strategy for bait species has been successfully implemented in Robinson Crusoe. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are fully condition involved in process.
133 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 25: Condition AS2
There is a strategy in place for managing retained species that is designed to PI 2.1.2 ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species Issues at SG80 There is a partial strategy in place, if necessary, that is expected to maintain the main retained species at levels, which are highly likely to be within biologically, based limits, or to ensure the fishery does not hinder their recovery and Performance rebuilding. Indicator There is some objective basis for confidence that the partial strategy will work, based on some information directly about the fishery and/or species involved. There is some evidence that the partial strategy is being implemented successfully. Score 65 SIa. Given the potential for the overfishing of specific bait species, it is considered Rationale that the fishery lacks a partial strategy for their protection. SIb. The fishery lacks a partial strategy for the sustainable harvest of bait species. By year 3 of the certification , there will be a strategy in place for managing bait Condition species that is designed to ensure the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to retained species At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the options for a strategy have been identified and discussed. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that at Milestones least a partial strategy has been implemented. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that on the achievements of the partial strategy. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, Client action 2104. plan One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of the need for a partial strategy to manage the catch of bait species. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the need for a partial strategy has been reviewed and the conclusions have been included in a draft FMP. By the end of year 3 we will provide evidence that, if found to be necessary, the
134 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 partial harvest strategy for bait species has been successfully implemented in Selkirk. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are condition fully involved in process.
135 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 26: Condition AS3
Information on the nature and extent of retained species is adequate to PI 2.1.3 determine the risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species Issues at SG80 a. Qualitative information and some quantitative information are available on the amount of main retained species taken by the fishery. Performance b. Information is adequate to support a partial strategy to manage main retained Indicator species. d. Sufficient data continue to be collected to detect any increase in risk level (e.g. due to changes in the outcome indicator score or the operation of the fishery or the effectiveness of the strategy) Score 75 Rationale SIa. Only qualitative information is available from fishers
Condition By year 3 of the certification some quantitative information are available on the amount of main retained species taken by the fishery. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the options for a collecting data have been identified and discussed. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that data Milestones is being collected. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that on the collected data has been collected, analysed and verified. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. In the first year, we will perform a gap analysis the current approach on the data collection programme in Selkirk and work with fishers to develop an approach to Client action gain reliable quantative data on a continuous basis. plan In the second year we will collect and analyse the data and this work will continue into the third year to ensure its validity and provide the basis for consideration of any required management measures. SUBPESCA and researchers in the University of Concepción have met to agree that Consultation on the proposal is achievable and that required resources will be available to condition complete the work.
136 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 27: Condition ID3
Information on the nature and extent of retained species is adequate to PI 2.1.3 determine the risk posed by the fishery and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage retained species Issues at SG80 a. Qualitative information and some quantitative information are available on the amount of main retained species taken by the fishery. Performance b. Information is adequate to support a partial strategy to manage main retained Indicator species. d. Sufficient data continue to be collected to detect any increase in risk level (e.g. due to changes in the outcome indicator score or the operation of the fishery or the effectiveness of the strategy) Score 75 Rationale SIa. Only qualitative information is available from fishers
Condition By year 3 of the certification some quantitative information are available on the amount of main retained species taken by the fishery. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the options for a collecting data have been identified and discussed. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that data Milestones is being collected. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that on the collected data has been collected, analysed and verified. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. In the first year, we will review the potential approaches to the collection of quantitative data for retained catch, including bait species, in the Desventuradas Client action fishery. Subsequently, we will work with fishers to develop an approach to gain plan reliable quantitative data. In the second year we will collect and analyse the data and this work will continue into the third year to ensure its validity and provide the basis for consideration of any required management measures. SUBPESCA and researchers in the University of Concepción have met to agree that Consultation on the proposal is achievable and that required resources will be available to condition complete the work.
137 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 28: Condition RC3
Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management PI 2.3.3 strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. Issues at SG80 a. Sufficient information is available to allow fishery related mortality and the impact of fishing to be quantitatively estimated for ETP species. Performance b. Information is sufficient to determine whether the fishery may be a threat to Indicator protection and recovery of the ETP species. c. Information is sufficient to measure trends and support a full strategy to manage impacts on ETP species. Score 65 SIa. The lack of specific research means there is not the basis to make quantative Rationale estimates. SIc. The information is not sufficient to detect any trends and determine if there is a need to modify the approach in the future. By year 3, relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: Information for the development of the Condition management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a plan to gain the required information has been considered and defined. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that Milestones information gathering is in process. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the information has been collected and analysed. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. In the first year, we will review the potential approaches to the collection of quantitative data for the interactions of the fishery with ETP species. Client action Subsequently, we will work with fishers to develop an approach to gain reliable plan quantitative data. In the second year we will collect and analyse the data and this work will continue into the third year to ensure its validity and provide the basis for consideration of any required management measures. SUBPESCA and researchers in the University of Concepción have met to agree that Consultation on the proposal is achievable and that required resources will be available to condition complete the work.
138 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 29: Condition AS4
Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management PI 2.3.3 strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. Issues at SG80 a. Sufficient information is available to allow fishery related mortality and the impact of fishing to be quantitatively estimated for ETP species. Performance b. Information is sufficient to determine whether the fishery may be a threat to Indicator protection and recovery of the ETP species. c. Information is sufficient to measure trends and support a full strategy to manage impacts on ETP species. Score 65 SIa. The lack of specific research means there is not the basis to make quantitative Rationale estimates. SIc. The information is not sufficient to detect any trends and determine if there is a need to modify the approach in the future. By year 3, relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: Information for the development of the Condition management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a plan to gain the required information has been considered and defined. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that Milestones information gathering is in process. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the information has been collected and analysed. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. In the first year, we will review the potential approaches to the collection of quantitative data on the interactions of the fishery with ETP species. Client action Subsequently, we will work with fishers to develop an approach to gain reliable plan quantitative data. In the second year we will collect and analyse the data and this work will continue into the third year to ensure its validity and provide the basis for consideration of any required management measures. SUBPESCA and researchers in the University of Concepción have met to agree that Consultation on the proposal is achievable and that required resources will be available to condition complete the work.
139 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 30: Condition ID4
Relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: Information for the development of the management PI 2.3.3 strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. Issues at SG80 a. Sufficient information is available to allow fishery related mortality and the impact of fishing to be quantitatively estimated for ETP species. Performance b. Information is sufficient to determine whether the fishery may be a threat to Indicator protection and recovery of the ETP species. c. Information is sufficient to measure trends and support a full strategy to manage impacts on ETP species. Score 65 SIa. The lack of specific research means there is not the basis to make quantitative Rationale estimates. SIc. The information is not sufficient to detect any trends and determine if there is a need to modify the approach in the future. By year 3, relevant information is collected to support the management of fishery impacts on ETP species, including: Information for the development of the Condition management strategy; Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and nformation to determine the outcome status of ETP species. At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a plan to gain the required information has been considered and defined. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that Milestones information gathering is in process. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the information has been collected and analysed. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. In the first year, we will review the potential approaches to the collection of quantitative data on the interactions of the fishery with ETP species. Client action Subsequently, we will work with fishers to develop an approach to gain reliable plan quantitative data. In the second year we will collect and analyse the data and this work will continue into the third year to ensure its validity and provide the basis for consideration of any required management measures. SUBPESCA and researchers in the University of Concepción have met to agree that Consultation on the proposal is achievable and that required resources will be available to condition complete the work.
140 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 31: Condition RC4
The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes PI 3.2.1 expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 Issues at SG80 Performance a. Short and long-term objectives, which are consistent with achieving the Indicator outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are explicit within the fishery’s management system. Score 60 Rationale SIa. There is not an explicit definition of short and long term objectives. Condition By year 3, the fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 At the first annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the drafting of the FMP is in process. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that specific short and long term objectives have been defined. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that specific short and long term objectives have been included with an implemented FMP. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders in Robinson Crusoe and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2014. One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of short and long term Client action objectives and these will be explicit. plan At the first annual audit we will detail the progress achieved in developing the FMP process. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the options for short and long term objectives have been discussed and these have been included in a draft FMP. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the agreed short and long term objectives have been incorporated into the approved FMP. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are fully condition involved in process.
141 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 32: Condition AS5
The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes PI 3.2.1 expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 Issues at SG80 Performance a. Short and long-term objectives, which are consistent with achieving the Indicator outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are explicit within the fishery’s management system. Score 60 Rationale SIa. There is not an explicit definition of short and long term objectives. Condition By year 3, the fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 At the first annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the drafting of the FMP is in process. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that specific short and long term objectives have been defined. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that specific short and long term objectives have been included with an implemented FMP. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2014. One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of short and long term Client action objectives and these will be explicit. plan At the first annual audit we will detail the progress achieved in developing the FMP process. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the options for short and long term objectives have been discussed and these have been included in a draft FMP. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the agreed short and long term objectives have been incorporated into the approved FMP. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and ENGOs) are condition fully involved in process.
142 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 33: Condition ID5
The fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes PI 3.2.1 expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 Issues at SG80 Performance a. Short and long-term objectives, which are consistent with achieving the Indicator outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are explicit within the fishery’s management system. Score 60 Rationale SIa. There is not an explicit definition of short and long term objectives. Condition By year 3, the fishery has clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2 At the first annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the drafting of the FMP is in process. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that specific short and long term objectives have been defined. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that specific short and long term objectives have been included with an implemented FMP. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2014. One of the outputs of the FMP will the identification of short and long term Client action objectives and these will be explicit. plan At the first annual audit we will detail the progress achieved in developing the FMP process. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the options for short and long term objectives have been discussed and these have been included in a draft FMP. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the agreed short and long term objectives have been incorporated into the approved FMP. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and ENGOs) are condition fully involved in process.
143 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 34: Condition RC5
The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. Issues at SG80 a. There are established decision-making processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the fishery-specific objectives. b. Decision-making processes respond to serious and other important issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions. Performance c. Decision-making processes use the precautionary approach and are based on Indicator best available information. d. Information on fishery performance and management action is available on request, and explanations are provided for any actions or lack of action associated with findings and relevant recommendations emerging from research, monitoring, evaluation and review activity. e. The management system or fishery is attempting to comply in a timely fashion with judicial decisions arising from any legal challenges. Score 75 Rationale SIb. Not all important issues in the context of MSC P2 have been considered; for example the potential impact on the stocks of bait species By year 3, decision-making processes respond to serious and other important Condition issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions. At the first annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process has been discussed among stakeholders. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process including other important issues has been confirmed. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process has responded to any serious and other important issues that may have been identified. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, Client action various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of plan nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2014. The development and definition of the FMP will result from a rigorous process 144 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 that will cover sustainability issues – both real and potential – in the fishery and be based on a precautionary approach At the first annual audit we will detail the progress achieved in developing the FMP process including the decision making process. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the decision making process has led to a draft FMP considers issues relevant to MSC P1 and MSC P2. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are fully condition involved in process.
145 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 35: Condition AS6
The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. Issues at SG80 a. There are established decision-making processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the fishery-specific objectives. b. Decision-making processes respond to serious and other important issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions. Performance c. Decision-making processes use the precautionary approach and are based on Indicator best available information. d. Information on fishery performance and management action is available on request, and explanations are provided for any actions or lack of action associated with findings and relevant recommendations emerging from research, monitoring, evaluation and review activity. e. The management system or fishery is attempting to comply in a timely fashion with judicial decisions arising from any legal challenges. Score 75 Rationale SIb. Not all important issues in the context of MSC P2 have been considered; for example the potential impact on the stocks of bait species By year 3, Decision-making processes respond to serious and other important Condition issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions. At the first annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process has been discussed among stakeholders. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process including other important issues has been confirmed. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process has responded to any serious and other important issues that may have been identified. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Client action Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, plan various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2014.
146 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 The development and definition of the FMP will result from a rigorous process that will cover sustainability issues – both real and potential – in the fishery and be based on a precautionary approach At the first annual audit we will detail the progress achieved in developing the FMP process including the decision making process. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the decision making process has led to a draft FMP considers issues relevant to MSC P1 and MSC P2. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are condition fully involved in process.
147 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 36: Condition ID6
The fishery-specific management system includes effective decision-making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery under assessment. Issues at SG80 a. There are established decision-making processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the fishery-specific objectives. b. Decision-making processes respond to serious and other important issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions. Performance c. Decision-making processes use the precautionary approach and are based on Indicator best available information. d. Information on fishery performance and management action is available on request, and explanations are provided for any actions or lack of action associated with findings and relevant recommendations emerging from research, monitoring, evaluation and review activity. e. The management system or fishery is attempting to comply in a timely fashion with judicial decisions arising from any legal challenges. Score 75 Rationale SIb. Not all important issues in the context of MSC P2 have been considered; for example the potential impact on the stocks of bait species By year 3, Decision-making processes respond to serious and other important Condition issues identified in relevant research, monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take account of the wider implications of decisions. At the first annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process has been discussed among stakeholders. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process has ben confirmed. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the decision making process has responded to any serious and other important issues that may have been identified. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of Client action nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by October 1, 2104. plan The development and definition of the FMP will result from a rigorous process that will cover all sustainability issues – both real and potential – in the fishery and be based on a precautionary approach At the first annual audit we will detail the progress achieved in developing the 148 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 FMP process including the decision making process. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the decision making process has led to a draft FMP considers issues relevant to MSC P1 and MSC P2. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are fully condition involved in process.
149 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 37: Condition RC6
The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of PI 3.2.4 management Issues at SG80 a. A research plan provides the management system with a strategic approach to Performance research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives Indicator consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. b. Research results are disseminated to all interested parties in a timely fashion. Score 70 Rationale SIa. There is not a defined explicit research plan.
Condition By year 3 the fishery will have a research plan.
At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the needs for a research plan have been considered. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a Milestones draft research plan has been prepared. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a research plan has been implemented for the following fishing year. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. The FMP will be developed during first 3 years and will include a research plan Client action proposal oriented to provide the management system with a strategic approach plan to research and reliable information required to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. At the first annual audit we will present evidence that stakeholders have been consulted on research needs. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the draft FMP contains a research plan that is relevant to MSC P1 and MSC P2 issues. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are fully condition involved in process.
150 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 38: Condition AS7
The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of PI 3.2.4 management Issues at SG80 a. A research plan provides the management system with a strategic approach to Performance research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives Indicator consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. b. Research results are disseminated to all interested parties in a timely fashion. Score 70 Rationale SIa. There is not a defined explicit research plan.
Condition By year 3 the fishery will have a research plan.
At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the needs for a research plan have been considered. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a Milestones draft research plan has been prepared. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a research plan has been implemented for the following fishing year. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. The FMP will be developed during first 3 years and will include a research plan Client action proposal oriented to provide the management system with a strategic approach plan to research and reliable information required to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. At the first annual audit we will present evidence that stakeholders have been consulted on research needs. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the draft FMP contains a research plan that is relevant to MSC P1 and MSC P2 issues. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and ENGOs) are condition fully involved in process.
151 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 39: Condition ID7
The fishery has a research plan that addresses the information needs of PI 3.2.4 management Issues at SG80 a. A research plan provides the management system with a strategic approach to Performance research and reliable and timely information sufficient to achieve the objectives Indicator consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. b. Research results are disseminated to all interested parties in a timely fashion. Score 70 Rationale SIa. There is not a defined explicit research plan.
Condition By year 3 the fishery will have a research plan.
At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the needs for a research plan have been considered. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a Milestones draft research plan has been prepared. At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that a research plan has been implemented for the following fishing year. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the third audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. The FMP will be developed during first 3 years and will include a research plan Client action proposal oriented to provide the management system with a strategic approach plan to research and reliable information required to achieve the objectives consistent with MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. At the first annual audit we will present evidence that stakeholders have been consulted on research needs. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the draft FMP contains a research plan that is relevant to MSC P1 and MSC P2 issues. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and ENGOs) are condition fully involved in process.
152 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 40: Condition RC7
There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery- PI 3.2.5 specific management system against its objectives There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system Issues at SG80 a. The fishery has in place mechanisms to evaluate key parts of the management Performance system. Indicator b. The fishery-specific management system is subject to regular internal and occasional external review. Score 70 Rationale SIb. As the review process is largely carried out by SUBPESCA, this is not considered to be external Condition By year 4 there there will be an effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the need to review the FMP have been discussed. At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the options for external review have been considered. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that an external review will take place in the following 12 months. At the fourth annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the external review has been completed. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the fourth audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. As required by Law, the FMP will include provisions for full regular review of the performance of the fishery-specific management system against its objectives. Client action plan At the first annual audit we will present the CAB with evidence that review needs for the FMP have been discussed. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the draft FMP contains provisions for internal and external review. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved . During year 4 we will provide evidence that the performance of the FMP has been internally reviewed. By the end of year 4 we will provide evidence that the performance of the FMP 153 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 has been externally reviewed. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are fully condition involved in process.
154 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 41: Condition AS8
There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery- PI 3.2.5 specific management system against its objectives There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system Issues at SG80 a. The fishery has in place mechanisms to evaluate key parts of the management Performance system. Indicator b. The fishery-specific management system is subject to regular internal and occasional external review. Score 70 Rationale SIb. As the review process is largely carried out by SUBPESCA, this is not considered to be external Condition By year 4 there there will be an effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the need to review the FMP have been discussed At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the options for external review have been considered. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that an external review will take place in the following 12 months. At the fourth annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the external review has been completed. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the fourth audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. As required by Law, the FMP will include provisions for full regular review of the performance of the fishery-specific management system against its objectives. Client action plan At the first annual audit we will present the CAB with evidence that review needs for the FMP have been discussed. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the draft FMP contains provisions for internal and external review. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved . During year 4 we will provide evidence that the performance of the FMP has been internally reviewed. By the end of year 4 we will provide evidence that the performance of the FMP 155 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 has been externally reviewed. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are fully condition involved in process.
156 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 42: Condition ID8
There is a system of monitoring and evaluating the performance of the fishery- PI 3.2.5 specific management system against its objectives There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system Issues at SG80 a. The fishery has in place mechanisms to evaluate key parts of the management Performance system. Indicator b. The fishery-specific management system is subject to regular internal and occasional external review. Score 70 Rationale SIb. As the review process is largely carried out by SUBPESCA, this is not considered to be external Condition By year 4 there there will be an effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system At the first annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the need to review the FMP have been discussed At the second annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that the options for external review have been considered. Milestones At the third annual audit the client will present the CAB with evidence that an external review will take place in the following 12 months. At the fourth annual audit, the client will present the CAB with evidence that the external review has been completed. The score will only be reviewed on completion of all the milestones. By the fourth audit the required minimum score is 80. SUBPESCA is required by the Fisheries Law to prepare a specific Fisheries Management Plan for the Juan Fernández lobster fishery. Since early 2014, various meetings have been held with the stakeholders and the first step of nominating the Fishery Management Committee will be taken by September 7, 2104. As required by Law, the FMP will include provisions for full regular review of the performance of the fishery-specific management system against its objectives. Client action plan At the first annual audit we will present the CAB with evidence that review needs for the FMP have been discussed. By the end of year 2, we will provide evidence that the draft FMP contains provisions for internal and external review. By the end of year 3, we will provide evidence that the FMP has been approved . During year 4 we will provide evidence that the performance of the FMP has been internally reviewed. By the end of year 4 we will provide evidence that the performance of the FMP 157 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 has been externally reviewed. As the client, SUBPESCA will ensure that appropriate consultation takes place and Consultation on the main actors (SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, fishers, researchers and NGOs) are condition fully involved in process.
158 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 14. APPENDIX 2: PEER REVIEW REPORTS 14.1 Peer Reviewer 1 14.1.1 Overall Opinion
Has the assessment team arrived at an Yes/No Conformity Assessment Body Response appropriate conclusion based on the evidence presented in the assessment report? YES Justification: Though few indicators need more deep rationale and a couple No response possibly needs rescoring, the conclusion appears to have been backed by adequate quantitative and qualitative information.
Do you think the condition(s) raised are Yes/No Conformity Assessment Body Response appropriately written to achieve the SG80 outcome within the specified timeframe? YES Justification: No response They are clear and achievable
Do you think the client action plan is sufficient to Yes/No Conformity Assessment Body Response close the conditions raised? YES Justification: No response As the client is the fishing authority, its commitment is strong and clearly pointed out to close the conditions
14.1.2 General Comments on the Assessment Report None
159 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 14.1.3 Performance Indicator Review Robinson Crusoe
PI Has all the Does the Will the Justification Conformity Assessment Body Response relevant information and/or condition(s) raised Please support your answers by referring to information rationale used to improve the specific scoring issues and any relevant available been score this Indicator fishery’s documentation where possible. Please attach used to score this support the given performance to additional pages if necessary. Indicator? score? (Yes/No) the SG80 level? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA)
1.1.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 94.7. See RBF section No response
1.1.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. RBF frame used No response
1.1.3 NA NA NA NA No response
160 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 1.2.1 NO NO NA Allocated score: 80. The SG80 SIa requires that We consider that the harvest strategy in this “The harvest strategy is responsive to the state informally managed fishery is responsive to the of the stock” This responsiveness has not been status of the stock. The MSC requirement for clearly established. On the contrary, for example data deficient fisheries is that “ elements of the at SI 1.2.2 SIa is said that “there is no clarity on harvest strategy combine to manage impact, the measures that would be taken to reduce the such that susceptibility is maintained at or below susceptibility of the stock if its condition was to acceptable levels given the productivity of the deteriorate”. Responsiveness requires better species”. An important part of the harvest demonstration or, otherwise, scoring should be strategy is the fishers own response to reduce below 80. CPUE and the catch of too many under size lobsters. In the first case, if the CPUE in a specific trap reduces than the trap willl usually be moved (which is a rational economic response if the costs of harvest involved in checking the trap every two days are higher than the earnings from captured commercial lobster), while over the season the fishery moves away from shore to harvest commercially sized lobster. With resect to the comment in SI 1.2.2 SIa – the fishery is scored as not meeting the standard on this issue and this should not be considered for the scoring of another PI.
1.2.2 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
1.2.3 YES NO NA Allocated score: 80. As this PI acomplishes with The score for RC and AS was given incorrectly as all 80SG and also with 100SG SIa the score should “Y” for SG100 be 90
1.2.4 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of SIs
2.1.1 NO NO NA Allocated score: 80. See RBF Section See RBF section.
161 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 2.1.2 YES YES YES Allocated score: 65. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of SIs
2.1.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 90. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 85. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.3 YES YES YES Allocated score: 65. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.4.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
162 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 2.4.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.4.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.4 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
163 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 3.2.1 YES YES YES Allocated score: 60. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.2 NO NO YES Allocated score: 75. While the score seems to be PI 3.2.2 is fishery specific and given the informal adequate, it would be highly advisable to provide nature of fishery management we do not a better description of the judicial system related consider it relevant to review the overall judicial with fisheries in Chile to justify accomplishment system in Chile. of SIe for 60SG and 80SG (and 100SG once the condition is met)
3.2.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.4 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.5 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
164 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Selkirk
PI Has all the Does the Will the Justification Conformity Assessment Body Response relevant information and/or condition(s) raised Please support your answers by referring to information rationale used to improve the specific scoring issues and any relevant available been score this Indicator fishery’s documentation where possible. Please attach used to score this support the given performance to additional pages if necessary. Indicator? score? (Yes/No) the SG80 level? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA)
1.1.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 96.8. See RBF section No response
1.1.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. RBF frame used No response
1.1.3 NA NA NA NA No response
1.2.1 NO NO NA Allocated score: 80. The SG80 SIa requires that See response on RC above. “The harvest strategy is responsive to the state of the stock” This responsiveness has not been clearly established. On the contrary, for example at SI 1.2.2 SIa is said that “there is no clarity on the measures that would be taken to reduce the susceptibility of the stock if its condition was to deteriorate”. Responsiveness requires better demonstration or, otherwise, scoring should be below 80.
1.2.2 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
1.2.3 YES NO NA Allocated score: 80. As this PI acomplishes with See comment for RC all 80SG and also with 100SG SIa the score should be 90
165 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 1.2.4 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of SIs
2.1.1 NO NO NA Allocated score: 80. See RBF Section See RBF section.
2.1.2 YES YES YES Allocated score: 65. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.1.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 75. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 90. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 85. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.3 YES YES YES Allocated score: 65. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
166 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 2.4.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.4.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.4.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
167 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 3.1.4 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.1 YES YES YES Allocated score: 60. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.2 NO NO YES Allocated score: 75. While the score seems to be See response to RC above. adequate, it would be highly advisable to provide a better description of the judicial system related with fisheries in Chle to justify accomplishment of SIe for 60SG and 80SG (and 100SG once the condition is met)
3.2.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.4 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.5 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
168 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Desventuradas
PI Has all the Does the Will the Justification Conformity Assessment Body Response relevant information and/or condition(s) raised Please support your answers by referring to information rationale used to improve the specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please attach available been score this Indicator fishery’s additional pages if necessary. used to score this support the given performance to Indicator? score? (Yes/No) the SG80 level? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA)
1.1.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 96.8. See RBF section No response
1.1.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. RBF frame used No response
1.1.3 NA NA NA NA No response
1.2.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. The SG80 SIa requires that See response to RC above. “The harvest strategy is responsive to the state of the stock” Although this responsiveness has not been clearly established, the very low level of fishing effort in Desventuradas and the foreseeable maintenance of such level makes this requirement abstract . Therefore the score seems to be currently adequate.
1.2.2 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
1.2.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 65. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
169 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 1.2.4 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of SIs
2.1.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. The available information No response backs the score, given the very low level of fishing effort in Desventuradas, which also reflects In bait fishing. There are good reports that show the status almost pristine of all stocks there.
2.1.2 YES YES YES Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.1.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 75. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.2.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 90. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
170 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 2.3.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 85. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.3.3 YES YES YES Allocated score: 65. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.4.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.4.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.4.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
2.5.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.1 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
171 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 3.1.2 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 100. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.1.4 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.1 YES YES YES Allocated score: 60. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.2 NO NO YES Allocated score: 75. While the score seems to be See response to RC above. adequate, it would be highly advisable to provide a better description of the judicial system related with fisheries in Chle to justify accomplishment of SIe for 60SG and 80SG (and 100SG once the condition is met)
3.2.3 YES YES NA Allocated score: 80. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.4 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
3.2.5 YES YES YES Allocated score: 70. This score reflects No response adequately the available information and the requirements of Sis
172 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 14.1.4 Any Other Comments
Comments Conformity Assessment Body Response Beyond few adjustments needed, the recommendation to grant the certification to the three No response UoCs is adjusted to the fact.
PI Does the report Are the RBF Justification: Conformity Assessment Body Response: clearly explain how risk scores Please support your answers by referring to specific scoring issues the process used to well- and any relevant documentation where possible. Please attach determine risk referenced? additional pages if necessary. using the RBF led to Yes/No the stated outcome? Yes/No 1.1.1 YES YES The procedure is clear and very well justified with adequate pieces of No response information 2.1.1 NO NO More quantitative or qualitative evidence should be provided to SICA is qualitative; PSA is semi-quantitative. As the fishery justify the high score of this PI. At the background section references meets 80 using SICA we are not required to use PSA to are just anecdotal and at the SICA section is not clear why the score the fishery (MSC CR CC 2.3.6.3). We have not seen consequence is low. As the only “main” retained species is breca, it is any evidence that Fishbase considers the stock of breca in necessary to consider that Fishbase qualify it as highly vulnerable and Juan Fernández and Desventuradas to be vulnerable. therefore stronger justification is needed.
173 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 14.2 Peer Reviewer 2 14.2.1 Overall Opinion
Has the assessment team arrived at an appropriate Yes Conformity Assessment Body Response conclusion based on the evidence presented in the assessment report? Justification: This is a comprehensive assessment of the Chile Juan Fernández No response lobster (Jasus frontalis) trap fishery and I agree with the overall conclusion drawn by the assessment team that the fishery should be certified. I agree with the scores given for almost all the individual Performance Indicators for all three UoCs. Any differences between my interpretation of the scores and those of the assessment team are minor and would have no impact on the overall conclusion. P1 The fishery is artisanal in all three UoCs, and there is no formal stock No response assessment linked to biologically-based reference points. I agree therefore that the RBF is appropriate for the scoring of PI 1.1.1 for all three UoCs. There is a clear harvest strategy which protects the spawning stock through a high minimum landing size in relation to size at maturity and the prohibition of landing gravid females, and limits on fishing effort are backed up by strong enforcement and community agreements. The fishery lacks a well-defined harvest control rule, for which a condition is raised. The forthcoming implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) should improve P1 scores, but the proposed FMP has not been factored into the current scores. For an artisanal fishery, there is a reasonable level of data, although the fishery in the Islas Desventuradas could be considered data-deficient. P2 There are virtually no other retained species in this trap fishery No response other than occasional captures of octopus, but the assessment team have correctly determined that bait species should be considered under this PI. Available data on bait use and lobster catch rates confirm that breca should be considered as a main retained species, and I agree that the lack of information on this species means that it is appropriate to use the RBF to score PI 2.1.1. The assessment is complicated due to uncertainty as to whether whole fish or just the heads of breca are used in the bait, and it is entirely appropriate that the assessment team has raised a condition against PIs 2.1.2 and 2.1.3. The trap fishery has no main discard species, and any discarded Note that the text has been changed to individuals are likely to have high survival rate. There are no reflect that Juan Fernández Fur Seal is an recorded interactions with ETP species. Trap fisheries are ETP species under the MSC definition. This considered to have low levels of impact on habitat structure and has not changed the previously allocated function and the Juan Fernández fishery is highly unlikely to impact score. ecosystem structure and function. P3 The recently revised General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture No response
174 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 (2013 Law) provides a strong basis of fisheries management in Chile, and so the lobster fishery scores highly on PIs 3.1.1 to 3.1.4. There are however a number of deficiencies within the fishery-specific management system, which is recognised in the raising of a number of conditions. The forthcoming implementation of the Fishery Management Plan for the lobster fishery should ensure that many of those conditions can be closed within the agreed timeframe.
Do you think the condition(s) raised are appropriately Yes Conformity Assessment Body Response written to achieve the SG80 outcome within the specified timeframe? Justification: I believe that all conditions raised in all three UoCs are appropriately No response written to achieve the SG80 outcome within the specified timeframe. All the conditions are written in such a way as to essentially No response paraphrase the wording in the scoring guideposts. They are not too prescriptive therefore and allow the Client the necessary flexibility in the actions taken to meet those conditions.
Do you think the client action plan is sufficient to Yes Conformity Assessment Body Response close the conditions raised? Justification: To close all the conditions the Client action plan will require a No response certain level of cooperation between managers, scientists and stakeholders. One of the strengths of the fishery is that a range of bodies are involved with the management process and stakeholders are represented on the FMP committees and are involved in the decision-making processes. Such cooperation should ensure that all conditions are closed within the agreed time frame. Condition 1 (all fisheries) – Harvest control rules. The forthcoming No response implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) by the Client as required under the Fisheries Law should provide the necessary framework within which to close this condition. Condition 2 (IS only). – Information to support the harvest strategy. No response The Client action plan is sufficient to close this condition. Condition 2 (RC and AS) – Partial strategy for managing bait species. The implementation of an FMP incorporating a partial strategy to No response manage the catch of bait species should be sufficient to close the condition. Condition 3 (AS and ID only) – Information on main retained No response species. The Client action plan is sufficient to close this condition. Condition 3 (RC) – Information on the impact of the fishery on ETP No response species. The Client action plan will rely heavily on the cooperation of the fishers, but if that cooperation is forthcoming, then it should be sufficient to close the condition. Condition 4 (AS and ID) - Information on the impact of the fishery on No response ETP species. The Client action plan will rely heavily on the cooperation of the fishers, but if that cooperation is forthcoming, then it should be sufficient to close the condition.
175 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Condition 4 (RC) – Short and long term objectives. The No response implementation of an FMP explicitly incorporating short and long term objectives should be sufficient to close the condition. Condition 5 (AS and ID) – Short and long term objectives. The No response implementation of an FMP explicitly incorporating short and long term objectives should be sufficient to close the condition. Condition 5 (RC) – Decision making processes. The FMP currently in The condition and the CAP have been development may provide the mechanism by which effective modified. decision-making processes are implemented. However the Client action plan is not very specific on this issue. The requirements for an FMP are explicit in Condition 6 (AS and ID) – Decision making processes. The FMP the Law. currently in development may provide the mechanism by which effective decision-making processes are implemented. However the Client action plan is not very specific on this issue. Condition 6 (RC) – Research plan. The Client action plan confirms No response that a research plan will be an important component of the new FMP currently being developed, and so the condition should be closed within the agreed timeframe. Condition 7 (AS and ID) – Research plan. The Client action plan No response confirms that a research plan will be an important component of the new FMP currently being developed, and so the condition should be closed within the agreed timeframe. Condition 7 (RC) – Evaluation of the fishery management system. No response Provision for internal and external review will be a fundamental component of the FMP, so the Client action plan should be able to close this condition within the agreed timeframe. Condition 8 (AS and ID) – Evaluation of the fishery management No response system. Provision for internal and external review will be a fundamental component of the FMP, so the Client action plan should be able to close this condition within the agreed timeframe.
176 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 14.2.2 General Comments on the Assessment Report In general, this is a well-researched assessment report which utilises a wide range of source material to justify the scores, exemplified by the extensive reference list. However the reference list needs significant revision in order that the reader can trace the source of statements in the text – there appear to be many references in the list which do not appear in the report, all the references to methods of estimating mortality in Table 4 are missing from the reference list, references by the same author in the same year are not generally differentiated (i.e. by 1986a, 1986b etc.) and references by the same author are not always ordered correctly in the reference list. CAB RESPONSE: The report has been revised. The background information in sections 3 to 5 is lacking in detail in places, which made it difficult to evaluate the rationale underlying the scoring of some PIs. Throughout the P1 component of the report, there is some loose interpretation of the definition of a harvest control rule (HCR). HCRs are control rules and actions that management takes in response to changes in status in relation to reference points, and the text sometimes refers to HCRs when really what are being described are tools or elements of the harvest strategy. CAB RESPONSE: The information presented reflects the detail that is available. The text on HCR has been edited. I suggest that the method by which the scoring elements of the PSA translate into an MSC score should be described in the report, because the process involves taking stakeholder input and translating that information into an MSC score. This is one of the more obscure components of the MSC scoring methodology, and whilst many readers may be interested only in the outcome, it is essential that there is transparency in the process by which that outcome is generated. At the very least the reader should be directed towards the appropriate paragraphs in the Certification Requirements. CAB RESPONSE: We have added to the text (scoring table PI 2.1.1). I agree with the inclusion of a recommendation to evaluate the benefits of incorporating escape vents in the lobster traps. There are high catch rates of sub-legal animals in this fishery and escape vents have the potential to ensure that post-capture mortality is minimized. CAB RESPONSE: Agreed. The issue relates to post release mortality (considered to be low) and post release stress that may affect behaviour (which is unknown).
177 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 14.2.3 Performance Indicator Review
PI Has all the Does the Will the Justification Conformity Assessment Body Response relevant information and/or condition(s) raised Please support your answers by referring to information rationale used to improve the specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please attach available been score this Indicator fishery’s additional pages if necessary. used to score this support the given performance to Indicator? score? (Yes/No) the SG80 level? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA)
1.1.1 RBF used RBF used N/A N/A No response No response
1.1.2 N/A N/A N/A RBF used for PI 1.1.1, so default score of 80 No response given.
1.1.3 N/A N/A N/A RBF used for PI 1.1.1, so this PI is not scored No response
1.2.1 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues. The fishery is likely to score more highly when the FMP is implemented.
1.2.2 Yes No Yes I agree with the scores given for all scoring We consider that the score allocated reflects the issues, in particular that the harvest control rules point made by the peer reviewer. The harvest are not well-defined. However the rationale for rules are explicit and consistent with the harvest SIa places more emphasis on the elements of the strategy. There are no limit reference points - harvest strategy than on the implicit harvest the explicit target reference point is MSY and the control rules that are generally understood, i.e. control rules (MLS, season and protection of what are the generally understood changes in gravid females seek to maintain the fishery at management that would be elicited by a change that level. Any change in stock staus would need in stock status? well defined HCR.
Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 1.2.3 Yes Yes Yes I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues. The relative lack of information available for the IS fishery justifies the raising of a condition. (Note: in SIa, the score for RC and AS has been Changed given incorrectly as “Y” for SG100.)
1.2.4 N/A N/A N/A RBF used for PI 1.1.1, so default score of 80 No response given.
2.1.1 RBF used RBF used N/A N/A No response
2.1.2 Yes Yes Yes I agree that the measures in place do not No response constitute a partial strategy in the RC and AS fisheries and thus SG80 is not met. In the ID fishery, there is a very low level of fishing activity and it is appropriate to conclude that a partial strategy is not necessary.
2.1.3 Yes Yes Yes I agree that there is insufficient information No response about the amount of breca taken by the fishery in the AS and ID fisheries such that it is appropriate that a condition is raised.
2.2.1 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues.
2.2.2 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues.
2.2.3 Yes Yes N/A I agree that there is sufficient information on the No response very low level of bycatch to meet the SG80, but that the absence of detailed monitoring precludes the fishery meeting the SG100.
2.3.1 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the scores allocated for each scoring No response issue as there are virtually no interactions of the lobster fishery with ETP species.
179 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 2.3.2 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues.
2.3.3 Yes Yes Yes I agree that there is insufficient information No response available to quantitatively assess the impact of the fishery on ETP species, and therefore it is appropriate that a condition is raised.
2.4.1 Yes No N/A I agree that the fishery is highly unlikely to cause The score for RC and AS was a mistake. It is 80. serious or irreversible harm to the habitat structure and function, but I do not believe that information solely on the spatial and temporal scale of the fishery could be considered as sufficient evidence that the fishery will have no impact. On that basis, I think that a score of 100 is too high.
2.4.2 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues.
2.4.3 Yes Yes N/A Whilst the nature, distribution and vulnerability No response of all main habitat types is less well understood for this fishery than other trap fisheries, I agree that the information is known at a level of detail that is appropriate to the limited scale and intensity of the lobster fishery and that the SG80 is met.
2.5.1 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for the scores for No response all three UoCs.
2.5.2 Yes Yes N/A I agree that a partial strategy is not necessary to No response ensure that the fishery does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to ecosystem structure or function, and therefore the fishery meets the SG80.
180 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 2.5.3 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues.
3.1.1 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues. The GLFA modified in 2013 is capable of delivering sustainable fisheries in accordance with MSC Principles 1 and 2, the lobster fishery is an artisanal fishery which recognises rights of the local community and disputes are resolved at a local level.
3.1.2 Yes Yes N/A I agree with the rationale given for all the scoring No response issues.
3.1.3 Yes No N/A It is difficult to assess whether the fishery meets This is covered in Section 5.1. the SG80 and SG100 for this PI as the report provides no detail of the long term objectives set out in the revised GLFA. It would be helpful if a translation of the relevant articles in the 2013 Law could be provided in the background information.
3.1.4 Yes Yes N/A The overall management system provides for No response incentives that are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC Principles 1 and 2, but those incentives are not explicitly considered as part of a regular review, and so a score of 80 is appropriate.
3.2.1 Yes Yes Yes There are no explicit short and long term No response objectives defined explicitly for the fishery and so the SG80 is not met, and a condition is raised. The FMP currently under development should ensure that the condition is met.
181 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 3.2.2 Yes Yes Yes Decision making in the fishery has previously No response been informal but well understood and effective, uses the precautionary approach, and has been successful in avoiding legal disputes. However the system has not responded to all isues and therefore does not meet the SG80.
3.2.3 Yes No N/A There is good enforcement and compliance The score has been increased to 90. within the fishery primarily due to the presence of a SENAPESCA fishery officer in Robinson Crusoe and through peer pressure. However the overall score given for this PI by the assessment team (80) does not match up with the scores for the individual scoring issues. The rationale, with which I agree, suggests that the score for this PI should be significantly higher than 80.
3.2.4 Yes Yes Yes The lack of a formal written research plan means No response that the fishery does not meet the SG80, and the raising of a condition is appropriate.
3.2.5 Yes Yes Yes Whilst there are mechanisms in place to review No response the main elements of the management system, the review process does not involve external agencies and so SG80 is not met.
182 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 14.2.4 Any Other Comments
PI Does the report Are the RBF risk Justification: Conformity Assessment Body Response: clearly explain how scores well- Please support your answers by referring to specific scoring the process used to referenced? Yes/No issues and any relevant documentation where possible. determine risk Please attach additional pages if necessary. using the RBF led to the stated outcome? Yes/No 1.1.1 Yes No SCALE INTENSITY CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS (SICA) I fully agree with the assessors that direct capture is likely to No response be the only risk-causing activity to the lobster population, and that population size is the most vulnerable sub- component. The scores for spatial and temporal scale of activity, intensity of activity and the consequence score are all well justified, but I have some (very minor) comments which require clarification. The spatial scale of activity has been calculated using an The variable is the number of boats. estimate of the attraction area of a lobster trap, and in general has been calculated in a precautionary manner. However the assessment team state that the spatial scale in Selkirk (AS) and Desventuradas (IS) has been estimated in the same way as for Robinson Crusoe (RC) but I was not able to replicate their figures of 5.1km2 and 1.1.km2. I suspect that a different assumption has been made for AS and ID about either the total area over which lobsters are distributed or the number of times the traps are moved during the season.
The rationale for temporal scale notes that fisher activities No comment may be disrupted by the weather, but traps will continue to fish even if not hauled and re-baited. The rationale for choosing the most vulnerable sub- It has no impact on the structure of smaller lobster (<115 component states that the fishery has no impact on mm). age/size/sex structure, yet in determining the consequence 183 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 scores, and noted elsewhere in the report, the higher size range of lobsters found in the IS fishery is due to historically lower levels of fishing effort. PRODUCTIVITY-SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS (PSA) The scores for all 7 productivity attributes for all three fisheries are well justified, although additional references Refrences are in the main text. should be incorporated in the rationales where possible. For average maximum size, there should be clarification as to whether carapace length or overall length is being used as a measure of size. The scores for all 4 susceptibility attributes for the three No comment fisheries are fully justified. 2.1.1 Yes Yes I agree that capture for bait is likely to be the only risk- The spatial scores allocated are a maximum (comment causing activity to the breca population, and that population added). size is the most vulnerable sub-component. The scores for temporal scale of activity, intensity of activity and consequence score are all well justified. For the spatial scale of activity, the assessment team assumes that fishing activity for bait occurs over the same area as that for lobsters, but the rationale also implies that distribution of breca around the islands is similar to that of lobster. A comment to that effect should be included in the rationale.
184 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 15. APPENDIX 3: STAKEHOLDER SUBMISSIONS
185 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 16. APPENDIX 4: SURVEILLANCE FREQUENCY Table 43: Surveillance Audit Frequency
Criteria Surveillance Score Juan Fernández All UoC 1. Default Assessment Tree Yes 0 No 2 2 2. Number of Conditions Zero Conditions 0 1-5 Conditions 1 >5 Conditions 2 2 3. Principle Level Scores ≥ 85 0 <85 2 2 4. Conditions on outcome PIs? Yes 2 No 0 0
186 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 Table 44: MSC Fishery Surveillance levels
Years after certification or re-certification Surveillance Surveillance level Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 score 2 or more Normal surveillance On-site On-site On-site On-site surveillance surveillance surveillance surveillance audit audit audit audit & recertification visit 1 Remote Option Off-site On-site Off-site On-site surveillance 1 surveillance surveillance surveillance surveillance audit audit audit audit & recertification visit Option On-site Off-site On-site 2 surveillance surveillance surveillance audit audit audit 0 Reduced surveillance Review new On-site Review new On-site information surveillance information surveillance audit audit & recertification visit
Table 45: Fishery Surveillance Plan
Score from CR Surveillance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Table C3 Category On-site On-site On-site On-site surveillance Normal 6 surveillance surveillance surveillance audit & Surveillance audit audit audit recertification site visit
187 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 17. APPENDIX 5: CLIENT AGREEMENT
188 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14 18. APPENDIX 6: OBJECTIONS PROCESS
189 Intertek Fisheries Certification – Juan Fernandez Lobster v3 9/14