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Nordisk Filologi ARKIV FÖR NORDISK FILOLOGI UTGIVET MED UNDERSTÖD AV AXEL KOCKS FOND FÖR NORDISK FILOLOGI SAMT STATSBIDRAG FRÅN SVERIGE DANMARK OCH NORGE GENOM KARL GUSTAV LJUNGGREN UNDER MEDVERKAN AV JOHS. BRØNDUM-NIELSEN JÓN HELGASON VALTER JANSSON TURE JOHANNISSON MAGNUS OLSEN DIDRIK ARUP SEIP PETER SKAUTRUP ELIAS WESSEN SJUTTIOFÖRSTA BANDET. FEMTE FÖLJDEN. FEMTONDE BANDET. C. W. K.GLEERÜP ROSENKILDE OG BAGGER LUND KÖPENHAMN LUND MCMLVI INNEHÅLL Andersen, Harry, Universitetslektor, Köpenhamn, Runedansk a i l t i ..................................................................................................... 248 Bergman, Gösta, Docent, Stockholm, Syssling och tremänning . 205 Carlsson, Lizzie, Fil. mag., Lund, Den äldre Västgötalagens »til h o g s »........................................................................................ 28 Eis, G erh ard , Professor, Heidelberg, Das eddische »Traumlied» 177 Genzmer, Felix, Professor, Tübingen, Das Walkürenlied . 168 Gutenbrunner, Siegfried, Professor, Freiburg i. Br., Edda­ studien I I ........................................................................................ 14 K iil, V ilhelm , Dr. philos., Oslo, Eilifr Godrúnarson’s Þórsdrápa 89 Lie, Hallvard, Professor, Oslo, Hvor bodde Harald Hårfagre ifølge Haraldskvædi 5 ? ................................................................ 25 Lindblad, Gustaf, Professor, Stockholm, Relativ satsfogning i vårt äldsta bibelarbete. Ett bidrag till rekonstruktionen av Fornsvenska Pentateukparafrasens ark ety p ............................ 46 Ljunggren, Karl Gustav, Professor, Lund, Ytterligare om termerna avledning och retrograd avledning .............................. 69 — Litteraturkrönika (1954—1 9 5 5 ) ................................................ 71 Lom an, B engt, Fil. lic., Lund, Om relationen mellan ordföljd och betydelse hos framförställda attributiva bestämningar till substantiviska huvudord ................................................................. 218 Mattsson, Gösta, Universitetslektor, Lund, Johan Palmérf . 249 Naert, Pierre, Docent, Lund, Åter rn>(r)dn i färöiskan och is­ ländskan ............................................................................................. 244 Neuman, Erik, Professor, Lidingö, Missförstådda ljudföränd­ ringar ......................................................................................................187 Salberger, Evert, Universitetslektor, Lund, Versifikatoriskt om Tjurkö-brakteaten ........................................................................ 1 Seip, Didrik Arup, Professor, Oslo, Har islandsk hatt pronomen­ formene do, po, to för þ ú ?..................................................................172 — En rettelse til Frostatingsloven ..................................................... 245 Åkermalm, Åke, Lektor, Ludvika, Om termerna avledning och retrograd avledning ........................................................................ 66 — Äldre Västgötalagens »til hogs». Ett genmäle...................................246 Till red. insända sk rifte r ......................................................................... 252 EVERT SALBERGER Versifikatoriskt om Tjurkö-brakteaten. Denna guldbrakteat (br. 75),1 vilken förutom sin bildutsmyckning — ett starkt degenererat manshuvud över ett fyrbent djur med en egen­ domlig fågel framför — bär en välbevarad och värdefull runinskrift i den germanska futharken, blev funnen i februari 1817 på Tjurkö vid Karls­ krona. På fyndplatsen, som ligger nära kusten, påträffades samtidigt tre andra brakteater och ett guldmynt och några år senare fann man ytterligare ett guldmynt. Av dessa brakteater är två, nämligen br. 76 och br. 77 — till skillnad från Tjurkö-brakteaten 1 betecknade som Tjurkö-brakteaten 2 och 3 —försedda med inskrifter; br. 76 har inskriften ota i äldre runor och br. 77 en inskrift med förvanskade latinska bok­ stäver; den tredje brakteaten har ingen inskrift. Av guldmynten, båda präglade under Theodor II:s regering, bär det först funna, som är försett med grepe, årtalet 443. Fynden gjordes i botten av vegetationslagret i en stenig backe utan att spår av någon grav iakttogs på platsen. Det på någon detalj när tydliga skriftbandet på br. 75 löper från vänster till höger runt om brakteatens kant och inramar bildframställ­ ningen. Runogrammet, som inte har andra skiljetecken än två punkter på ett ställe och tre punkter på ett annat ställe, läses enligt DR, sp. 548: ... wurterunoiianwalhakurne .. heldankunimudiu vilket får tydningen: »Hjald gjorde runerne på det vælske ’korn’ for Kunimund». Om man bortser från vissa smärre skador, som vållats vid pärlkantens pålödning, är inskriften väl bevarad, varför läsningen av de enskilda runtecknen inte har berett några större svårigheter. Endast i två fall har det förekommit tvekan: vid första a-runan i följden walhakurne, som 1 DR = Danmarks Runeindskrifter ved Lis Jacobsen og Erik Moltke under Medvirkning af Anders Bæksted og Karl Martin Nielsen. Text, Atlas, Registre. Kbhvn 1941— 42; sp. 548. 1 ARKIV FÖR NORDISK FILOLOGI LXXI. 2 Evert Salberger [2 ganska länge utlästes som 1-runa1 men som efter att von Friesen2 upp­ täckt spår av en övre bistav nu allmänt läses som a-runa, och vid d-runan i följden heldaR, vilken alternativt stundom läses som m-runa.3 Läsningen walhakurne får anses slutgiltig och heldaR är väl att föredraga framför helmaR. Om enighet således i stort sett kan sägas råda ifråga om inskriftens läsning, så gäller detta däremot inte om dess läsordning. Det föreligger två möjligheter: man kan låta inskriften börja antingen vid de två punkterna och läsa: .. heldaRkunimudiu ... wurterunoRanwalhakurne eller vid de tre punkterna och läsa: ... wurterunoRanwalhakurne .. heldaRkunimudiu Valet mellan de båda alternativen sammanhänger med frågan om in­ skriftens versifiering och skall diskuteras längre fram; avgjort sannolikast är ur flera synpunkter att man skall börja läsningen vid de tre punkterna. Inskriftens ordgränser är klara; runföljden: wurterunoRanwalhakurne låter sig naturligt uppdela: wurte runoR an walhakurne med ett samman­ satt ord walhakurne till slut och runföljden: heldaRkunimudiu är att klyva: heldaR kunimudiu med likaledes ett sammansatt ord: kunimudiu till slut. Vad tydningen av de enskilda orden beträffar, kan denna sägas vara slutgiltig utom av runföljden walhakurne. Ordet wurte ’gjorde’ är 3. pers. pret. ind. sing, av ett urn. *wurkian, fnord. yrkia, jfr worahto (Tune), wrta(a) (Etelhem), orte (By) och urti (Sölvesborg), runoR ’runor’ är ack. plur. av en o-stam, jfr samma form runoR (Järsberg), -ronoR (Stentoften), -runAR (Björketorp), runait (Rök) etc., an ’å, på’ är prep. fisl. å etc., jfr $ (Eggjum, Rök etc.) — någon äldre form ana på Möjebro-stenen torde ej böra hävdas. Heldan, formellt nom. sing. mask. av en a-stam, torde vara ett mansnamn — det sammanställes av R. Much4 med ett gall. C situs och 1 DR, sp. 547 f., bibliografi. 2 O. von Friesen, Lister- och Listerby-stenarna i Blekinge. Uppsala 1916, s. 65, not 1. 3 S. Bugge, Bemærkninger om runeindskrifter på guldbrakteater, i: Aarbøger for nord. Oldkyndighed og Historie (1871), s. 194; O. von Friesen, Rö-stenen i Bohuslän och runorna i Norden under folkvandringstiden, Uppsala 1924, s. 91 f.; id., De germanska, anglosaxiska och tyska runorna, i: Nordisk kultur, VI, Sthlm ... 1933, s. 19. 4 R. Much, Deutsche Stammeskunde (1905), s. 51. 3] Versifikatoriskt om Tjurkö-brakteaten 3 av A. Noreen1 med ett västn. Hialdr — och kunimudiu att läsa kuni- mu<n)diu med den homorgana nasalen obetecknad, jfr t. ex. ragina- ku<n>do (St. Noleby), agilamu<n>don (Rosseland), widuhu<n)daR (Himlingøje), $smu<n>t (Sölvesborg), formeilt dat. sing. mask. av en w-stam har också allmänt uppfattats som mansnamn och jämförts med ags. Cynemund, fht. Cunimunt. Namnförleden kuni-, som torde gå tillbaka på ett äldre *kunja- liksom hAri- i hAriwolAÎR (Stentoften), hAriwulafa (Istaby), hariuha (Själlands-brakteaten) på ett äldre *harja- jfr aljamarkiR (Kårstad), är f. ö. knappast belagd på nordiskt område. — Vad hittills genomgåtts av inskriften — allt utom runföljden walhakurne — mot­ svaras tydningsmässigt av: Gjorde runor(na) på Hjald åt Kunmund. Stötestenen för tydningen har runföljden walhakurne varit. Flera för­ slag har framställts men knappast något, som förmått övertyga helt. Två huvudmeningar kan urskiljas: ett ortnamn eller en beteckning för brak- teaten. Det förra alternativet förfäktades tidigast av Sophus Bugge: »Dette substantiv betegner efter min formodning ikke gjenstanden, på hvilken runerne er anbragte, men er vel navnet på stedet, hvor run- mesteren boede; aldeles på samme måde nævnes på mynter stadig mynt- stedet i dativ styret af præpositionen on.»2 Bugge uppfattade ’dette stedsnavn’ som tydligt sammansatt: walha-kurne. Förleden samman­ ställde han riktigt med ags. Wealh, fht. Walah, fvn. Valir, om galler, kelter ’vælskmand’. Om efterleden ville han inte uttala någon bestämd mening men tänkte sig, att den kunde stå i förbindelse med ordet korn. Bugges tydning vann med någon modifikation de närmaste åren allmän anslutning,3 och huvudtanken — att walhakurne är ett ortnamn — har långt senare hävdats på nytt, om ock i annan form. Von Grienbergers förslag,4 vilket går ut på att uppfatta walhakurne som ett ord *walh- åkurne, vars slutled skulle vara en %-avledning med tillhörighetssuffixet -ma till det också i ortnamn välkända ordet got. akrs, urn. *akra,Ri fnord. akr, nsv. åker, och med en betydelse ’välsk åker’, för dock inte fram. Ordbildningen verkar onaturlig och de förutsatta ljudprocesserna
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