DOCSLIB.ORG

Chinese Phonetic Handwritten Text Input for Mobile Phones

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chinese Phonetic Handwritten Text Input for Mobile Phones Chinese Phonetic Handwritten Text Input for Mobile Phones Ethan Cheng Renaud Amar Nada Matic Synaptics Inc. 3120 Scott Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA {echeng,ramar,nada}@synaptics.com ABSTRACT keypad forces mapping of more than one character per key. We present a novel user-friendly Chinese text input method CHINESE TEXT INPUT SOLUTION for mobile phones and other small form-factor-devices. We designed and developed an efficient and user-friendly Our technique is based on handwritten phonetic input text input system for the Chinese alphabet on mobile rather than handwritten ideogram input. Using our system, phones. It is based on handwritten input, where the user the user is able to write any Chinese characters (Traditional enters phonetic symbols on a touch sensitive surface [4] or Simplified) using finger movements on the touch sensi- mounted under the standard phone keymat using a finger tive surface mounted under a standard cell phone keymat. (see Fig. 1). To write a Chinese word via its phonetic representation, users need to enter a sequence of phonetic symbols fol- Using our system, the user is able to input any combination lowed by the selection of the desired ideogram. The hand- of Chinese characters (Traditional or Simplified), Latin writing recognizer generates ideogram candidate list. alphabet, numbers and punctuation marks. In contrast to standard Chinese handwriting based text input systems [2], ACM Classification: H5.2 [User Interfaces]: Input Devices where the user needs to enter many strokes of the ideo- Keywords: Chinese text input, pinyin input, bopomofo grams, we designed a phonetic based handwritten input input, mobile phones, text messaging, on-line handwriting method: pinyin for Simplified Chinese and bopomofo for recognition, neural networks, TouchPad. Traditional Chinese. INTRODUCTION The pinyin phonetic based method uses the English alpha- As computer technology improves and becomes more bet to enter standard Mandarin pronunciations of Chinese widespread, writers of ideographic characters need more characters (see Fig 2.), while the bopomofo phonetic based friendly text input systems to support one of the most fre- alphabet uses another set of 37 phonetic symbols to docu- quent human computer interaction tasks. ment the same standard Mandarin pronunciation. There is a Chinese text input represents a particularly challenging straight one-to one correspondence between Bopomofo and task. On PCs text input is usually accomplished using ei- Pinyin symbols. ther a QWERTY typewriter-style keyboard with phonetic To enter Chinese ideogram via its phonetic representation a input method like pinyin and bopomofo or using handwrit- user enters a sequence of English or bopomofo symbols ing input on TouchPads or other types of writing pads followed by an “end of word” gesture or button press. where the user can trace Chinese ideograms using a finger Within the English/bopomofo symbol sequence, a system or stylus. Handwriting systems have to be coupled with has to rely on timeout to differentiate individual symbols. ideogram handwriting recognition software [2]. Small form-factor devices like mobile phones are likely to The small writing area available on mobile phones vs. the have space available for writing only a single alphabet size of the writing instrument (finger) prohibits accurate symbol, forcing all the alphabet symbols to be written on input and recognition of the many strokes of a typical ideo- top of one another. Recognition software displays multiple gram. The limited size of mobile phones cannot accommo- candidate characters [Fig. 2] with the same pronunciation. date a QWERTY style of keyboard. Mapping bopomofo The user then selects the desired ideogram using the and pinyin symbols to the standard 12-key mobile phone phone’s joystick. In addition, a whole phrase that starts with a particular ideogram can be selected from the list of Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for phrases in the phrase dictionary. If the desired ideogram (or personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are phrase) is not among those displayed, the user needs to not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies scroll through the complete list. bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior IMPLEMENTATION specific permission and/or a fee. We developed and ported our recognizers [2,4] for the pin- UIST’05, October 23–27, 2005, Seattle, Washington, USA. Copyright ACM 1-59593-023-X/05/0010...$5.00. yin and bopomofo input method to the Nokia 7650 smart phone that has been retrofitted with an integrated capaci- tive touch-sensitive input device (MobileTouch). The soft- ware is running under the English version of the Symbian V6.1 Operating System. For more information about the Synaptics Mobile Touch hardware capacitive technology see [3]. Synaptics Chinese handwriting input technology should work on conventional mobile phones with touch sensitive hardware or on resistive transparent displays capable of capturing x and y coordinates of the pen or finger move- ment. Our accurate and robust recognizer technology is neural network based [2,4]. Neural networks are often used to design systems for human interfaces. For example, recogni- tion systems for speech, handwriting and visual gestures all process human interface inputs. Example of on-line neural based recognition system can be found in [1]. The timeout was set to 0.3 seconds. This amount of time was selected as a reasonable compromise between speed of entry and accuracy. Decreasing the time interval leads to segmentation errors. Individual users can set the timeout interval to match their speed of writing. FUTURE WORK We need to conduct controlled experiments that will com- pare our handwritten phonetic text input technique to the commonly used key-based input techniques. Due to the Figure 1: Nokia 7650 Smart phone with touch- homophonic nature of Chinese the ideogram selection sensitive sensor under the standard keymat can process can be slow. We plan to optimize the selection capture x and y coordinates of finger movements. process by introducing intonation symbols, Chinese lan- Strokes of the individual phonetic symbols are sent guage model and context. to the recognizer. Recognizer generates a list of ideograms. User can select desired ideogram or ACKNOWLEDGMENTS phrase. We would like to thank our co-workers at Synaptics-UK office for help and support with hardware and software integration of Nokia 7650 smart phone with Mobile Touch sensor. REFERENCES 1. Guyon I., Bromley J., Matic N., Schenkel M., and Weissman H. Penacee: A neural network system for recognizing on-line handwriting. In E. Domany, J. L. Van Hemmen, and K. Schulten, editors, Models of Neu- ral Networks, volume 3, pages 255--279, Springer.1995. 2. Nada P. Matic, John C. Platt, Tony Wang. QuickStroke: An Incremental On-line Chinese Handwriting Recogni- tion System. In ICPR International Conference on Pat- tern Recognition, pages 435-439, 2002 Figure 2: GUI for Chinese pinyin based text input. 3. MobileTouch: Top left is the recognized phonetic sequence. A se- http://www.synaptics.com/products/mobto.cfm lection of nine ideograms produced by recognizer is displayed below the phonetic sequence. Once a de- 4. U.S. Patent 5,812,698 Handwriting Recognition System sired ideogram is selected (red) the corresponding and Method. phrases for the ideogram are displayed on the right. Finally, the user can select a phrase and send it to the application. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Background I. Names
    Background I. Names 1. China It used to be thought that the name ‘China’ derived from the name of China’s early Qin dynasty (Chin or Ch’in in older transcriptions), whose rulers conquered all rivals and initiated the dynasty in 221 BC. But, as Wilkinson notes (Chinese History: A Manual: 753, and fn 7), the original pronunciation of the name ‘Qin’ was rather different, and would make it an unlikely source for the name China. Instead, China is thought to derive from a Persian root, and was, apparently, first used for porcelain, and only later applied to the country from which the finest examples of that material came. Another name, Cathay, now rather poetic in English, but surviving as the regular name for the country in languages such as Russian (Kitai), is said to derive from the name of the Khitan Tarters, who formed the Liao dynasty in north China in the 10th century. The Khitan dynasty was the first to make a capital on the site of Beijing. The Chinese now call their country Zhōngguó, often translated as ‘Middle Kingdom’. Originally, this name meant the central – or royal – state of the many that occupied the region prior to the unification of Qin. Other names were used before Zhōngguó became current. One of the earliest was Huá (or Huáxià, combining Huá with the name of the earliest dynasty, the Xià). Xià, in fact, combined with the Zhōng of Zhōngguó, appears in the modern official names of the country, as we see below. 2. Chinese places a) The People’s Republic of China (PRC) [Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó] This is the political entity proclaimed by Máo Zédōng when he gave his speech (‘China has risen again’) at the Gate of Heavenly Peace [Tiān’ān Mén] in Beijing on October 1, 1949.
    [Show full text]
  • Localizing Into Chinese: the Two Most Common Questions White Paper Answered
    Localizing into Chinese: the two most common questions White Paper answered Different writing systems, a variety of languages and dialects, political and cultural sensitivities and, of course, the ever-evolving nature of language itself. ALPHA CRC LTD It’s no wonder that localizing in Chinese can seem complicated to the uninitiated. St Andrew’s House For a start, there is no single “Chinese” language to localize into. St Andrew’s Road Cambridge CB4 1DL United Kingdom Most Westerners referring to the Chinese language probably mean Mandarin; but @alpha_crc you should definitely not assume this as the de facto language for all audiences both within and outside mainland China. alphacrc.com To clear up any confusion, we talked to our regional language experts to find out the most definitive and useful answers to two of the most commonly asked questions when localizing into Chinese. 1. What’s the difference between Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese? 2. Does localizing into “Chinese” mean localizing into Mandarin, Cantonese or both? Actually, these are really pertinent questions because they get to the heart of some of the linguistic, political and cultural complexities that need to be taken into account when localizing for this region. Because of the important nature of these issues, we’ve gone a little more in depth than some of the articles on related themes elsewhere on the internet. We think you’ll find the answers a useful starting point for any considerations about localizing for the Chinese-language market. And, taking in linguistic nuances and cultural history, we hope you’ll find them an interesting read too.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 a Study for the Library of Congress
    1 Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 A Study for the Library of Congress Part 1: New Scripts Jack Cain Senior Consultant Trylus Computing, Toronto 1 Purpose This assessment intends to study the issues and make recommendations on the possible expansion of the character set repertoire for bibliographic records in MARC21 format. 1.1 “Encoding Scheme” vs. “Repertoire” An encoding scheme contains codes by which characters are represented in computer memory. These codes are organized according to a certain methodology called an encoding scheme. The list of all characters so encoded is referred to as the “repertoire” of characters in the given encoding schemes. For example, ASCII is one encoding scheme, perhaps the one best known to the average non-technical person in North America. “A”, “B”, & “C” are three characters in the repertoire of this encoding scheme. These three characters are assigned encodings 41, 42 & 43 in ASCII (expressed here in hexadecimal). 1.2 MARC8 "MARC8" is the term commonly used to refer both to the encoding scheme and its repertoire as used in MARC records up to 1998. The ‘8’ refers to the fact that, unlike Unicode which is a multi-byte per character code set, the MARC8 encoding scheme is principally made up of multiple one byte tables in which each character is encoded using a single 8 bit byte. (It also includes the EACC set which actually uses fixed length 3 bytes per character.) (For details on MARC8 and its specifications see: http://www.loc.gov/marc/.) MARC8 was introduced around 1968 and was initially limited to essentially Latin script only.
    [Show full text]
  • Sinitic Language and Script in East Asia: Past and Present
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 264 December, 2016 Sinitic Language and Script in East Asia: Past and Present edited by Victor H. Mair Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form.
    [Show full text]
  • The Twentieth-Century Secularization of the Sinograph in Vietnam, and Its Demotion from the Cosmological to the Aesthetic
    Journal of World Literature 1 (2016) 275–293 brill.com/jwl The Twentieth-Century Secularization of the Sinograph in Vietnam, and its Demotion from the Cosmological to the Aesthetic John Duong Phan* Rutgers University [email protected] Abstract This article examines David Damrosch’s notion of “scriptworlds”—spheres of cultural and intellectual transfusion, defined by a shared script—as it pertains to early mod- ern Vietnam’s abandonment of sinographic writing in favor of a latinized alphabet. The Vietnamese case demonstrates a surprisingly rapid readjustment of deeply held attitudes concerning the nature of writing, in the wake of the alphabet’s meteoric suc- cesses. The fluidity of “language ethics” in early modern Vietnam (a society that had long since developed vernacular writing out of an earlier experience of diglossic liter- acy) suggests that the durability of a “scriptworld” depends on the nature and history of literacy in the societies under question. Keywords Vietnamese literature – Vietnamese philology – Chinese philology – script reform – language reform – early modern East Asia/Southeast Asia Introduction In 1919, the French-installed emperor Khải Định permanently dismantled Viet- nam’s civil service examinations, and with them, an entire system of political * I would like to thank Wynn Wilcox, Nguyễn Tuấn Cường, Tuna Artun, and Jack Chia for their valuable help and input. All errors are my own. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi: 10.1163/24056480-00102010 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 07:54:41AM via free access 276 phan selection based on proficiency in Literary Sinitic.1 That same year, using a con- troversial latinized alphabet called Quốc Ngữ (lit.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of the Simplification of Chinese Characters in Japan and China
    CONTRASTING APPROACHES TO CHINESE CHARACTER REFORM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SIMPLIFICATION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN JAPAN AND CHINA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ASIAN STUDIES AUGUST 2012 By Kei Imafuku Thesis Committee: Alexander Vovin, Chairperson Robert Huey Dina Rudolph Yoshimi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express deep gratitude to Alexander Vovin, Robert Huey, and Dina R. Yoshimi for their Japanese and Chinese expertise and kind encouragement throughout the writing of this thesis. Their guidance, as well as the support of the Center for Japanese Studies, School of Pacific and Asian Studies, and the East-West Center, has been invaluable. i ABSTRACT Due to the complexity and number of Chinese characters used in Chinese and Japanese, some characters were the target of simplification reforms. However, Japanese and Chinese simplifications frequently differed, resulting in the existence of multiple forms of the same character being used in different places. This study investigates the differences between the Japanese and Chinese simplifications and the effects of the simplification techniques implemented by each side. The more conservative Japanese simplifications were achieved by instating simpler historical character variants while the more radical Chinese simplifications were achieved primarily through the use of whole cursive script forms and phonetic simplification techniques. These techniques, however, have been criticized for their detrimental effects on character recognition, semantic and phonetic clarity, and consistency – issues less present with the Japanese approach. By comparing the Japanese and Chinese simplification techniques, this study seeks to determine the characteristics of more effective, less controversial Chinese character simplifications.
    [Show full text]
  • The Japanese Writing Systems, Script Reforms and the Eradication of the Kanji Writing System: Native Speakers’ Views Lovisa Österman
    The Japanese writing systems, script reforms and the eradication of the Kanji writing system: native speakers’ views Lovisa Österman Lund University, Centre for Languages and Literature Bachelor’s Thesis Japanese B.A. Course (JAPK11 Spring term 2018) Supervisor: Shinichiro Ishihara Abstract This study aims to deduce what Japanese native speakers think of the Japanese writing systems, and in particular what native speakers’ opinions are concerning Kanji, the logographic writing system which consists of Chinese characters. The Japanese written language has something that most languages do not; namely a total of ​ ​ three writing systems. First, there is the Kana writing system, which consists of the two syllabaries: Hiragana and Katakana. The two syllabaries essentially figure the same way, but are used for different purposes. Secondly, there is the Rōmaji writing system, which is Japanese written using latin letters. And finally, there is the Kanji writing system. Learning this is often at first an exhausting task, because not only must one learn the two phonematic writing systems (Hiragana and Katakana), but to be able to properly read and write in Japanese, one should also learn how to read and write a great amount of logographic signs; namely the Kanji. For example, to be able to read and understand books or newspaper without using any aiding tools such as dictionaries, one would need to have learned the 2136 Jōyō Kanji (regular-use Chinese characters). With the twentieth century’s progress in technology, comparing with twenty years ago, in this day and age one could probably theoretically get by alright without knowing how to write Kanji by hand, seeing as we are writing less and less by hand and more by technological devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Basis Technology Unicode対応ライブラリ スペックシート 文字コード その他の名称 Adobe-Standard-Encoding A
    Basis Technology Unicode対応ライブラリ スペックシート 文字コード その他の名称 Adobe-Standard-Encoding Adobe-Symbol-Encoding csHPPSMath Adobe-Zapf-Dingbats-Encoding csZapfDingbats Arabic ISO-8859-6, csISOLatinArabic, iso-ir-127, ECMA-114, ASMO-708 ASCII US-ASCII, ANSI_X3.4-1968, iso-ir-6, ANSI_X3.4-1986, ISO646-US, us, IBM367, csASCI big-endian ISO-10646-UCS-2, BigEndian, 68k, PowerPC, Mac, Macintosh Big5 csBig5, cn-big5, x-x-big5 Big5Plus Big5+, csBig5Plus BMP ISO-10646-UCS-2, BMPstring CCSID-1027 csCCSID1027, IBM1027 CCSID-1047 csCCSID1047, IBM1047 CCSID-290 csCCSID290, CCSID290, IBM290 CCSID-300 csCCSID300, CCSID300, IBM300 CCSID-930 csCCSID930, CCSID930, IBM930 CCSID-935 csCCSID935, CCSID935, IBM935 CCSID-937 csCCSID937, CCSID937, IBM937 CCSID-939 csCCSID939, CCSID939, IBM939 CCSID-942 csCCSID942, CCSID942, IBM942 ChineseAutoDetect csChineseAutoDetect: Candidate encodings: GB2312, Big5, GB18030, UTF32:UTF8, UCS2, UTF32 EUC-H, csCNS11643EUC, EUC-TW, TW-EUC, H-EUC, CNS-11643-1992, EUC-H-1992, csCNS11643-1992-EUC, EUC-TW-1992, CNS-11643 TW-EUC-1992, H-EUC-1992 CNS-11643-1986 EUC-H-1986, csCNS11643_1986_EUC, EUC-TW-1986, TW-EUC-1986, H-EUC-1986 CP10000 csCP10000, windows-10000 CP10001 csCP10001, windows-10001 CP10002 csCP10002, windows-10002 CP10003 csCP10003, windows-10003 CP10004 csCP10004, windows-10004 CP10005 csCP10005, windows-10005 CP10006 csCP10006, windows-10006 CP10007 csCP10007, windows-10007 CP10008 csCP10008, windows-10008 CP10010 csCP10010, windows-10010 CP10017 csCP10017, windows-10017 CP10029 csCP10029, windows-10029 CP10079 csCP10079, windows-10079
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese Script T � * 'L
    Norman, Jerry, Chinese, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 1 3.1 Th e beginnings of Chinese writing 59 3 FISH HORSE ELEPHANT cow (yu) (m ii) (xiimg) (niu) " The Chinese script t � * 'l Figure 3.1. Pictographs in early Chinese writing 3.1 The beginnings of Chinese writing1 The Chinese script appears as a fully developed writing system in the late Shang .dynasty (fourteenth to eleventh centuries BC). From this period we have copious examples of the script inscribed or written on bones and tortoise shells, for the most part in the form of short divinatory texts. From the same period there also Figure 3.2. The graph fo r quiin'dog' exist a number of inscriptions on bronze vessels of various sorts. The former type of graphic record is referred to as the oracle bone script while the latter is com­ of this sort of graph are shown in Figure 3.1. The more truly representational a monly known· as the bronze script. The script of this period is already a fully graph is, the more difficult and time-consuming it is to depict. There is a natural developed writing system, capable of recording the contemporary Chinese lan­ tendency for such graphs to become progressively simplified and stylized as a guage in a complete and unambiguous manner. The maturity of this early script writing system matures and becomes more widely used. As a result, pictographs has suggested to many scholars that it must have passed through a fairly long gradually tend to lose their obvious pictorial quality. The graph for qui'in 'dog' period of development before reaching this stage, but the few examples of writing shown in Figure 3.2 can serve as a good illustration of this sort of development.
    [Show full text]
  • Implement Bopomofo by Opentype Font Feature.Key
    Implement Bopomofo by OpenType font feature Bobby Tung 董福興 @W3C Digital Publishing Workshop KEIO Univ. Mita campus 2018/9/19 What is Bopomofo? • A phonetic system for Mandarin education in Taiwan. • Major input method for Han characters. → Layout Rules for Bopomofo • Bopomofo Ruby - implement and requirement W3C ebooks and i18n workshop 2013/6/4 https://bit.ly/2w3LEph • "The Manual of The Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese" Ministry of Education, Taiwan https://bit.ly/2htvssE HTML Markup Light tone <ruby>過<rt>˙ㄍㄨㄛ</rt></ruby> 2nd, 3rd, 4th tone marks <ruby>醒<rt>ㄒㄧㄥˇ</rt></ruby> Tabular ruby markup model（Only support by Firefox） <ruby><rb>你<rb>好<rb>嗎<rt>ㄋㄧˇ<rt>ㄏㄠˇ<rt>˙ㄇㄚ</ruby> → HTML Ruby Markup Extensions CSS Ruby Layout Module ruby-position: inter-character; is support by Webkit. Glyph issue Helvetica Source Han Sans ˙ U+02D9 DOT ABOVE ˊ U+02CA MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT ˇ U+02C7 CARON ˋ U+02CB MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT Source Han Sans traditional Chinese build fixed the glyphs of tone marks Last step: position of tone marks on browser spec on browser spec Tone marks' position when Bopomofo placed on the top It's ok but not readable for readers Last step: position of tone marks on browser spec on browser spec Tone marks' position when Bopomofo placed on the right side 2nd, 3rd, 4th tone marks should be placed to right side OpenType feature? • Which OpenType feature should we use? • Should we apply for new feature? • Do browsers support those features? Take a try! Hard to imply with Layout Ask expert for advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Chinese
    Learning Chinese Chinese is the native language of over a billion speakers, more Language Family people than any other language. It is spoken in China, Singapore, Sino-Tibetan Malaysia, and in many overseas Chinese communities. Dialect 4UBOEBSE.BOEBSJOJTCBTFEPO/PSUIFSO Writing Systems: Chinese dialects. Standard Mandarin is Simplified, Traditional, and Pinyin the language of business, education, and the media in all regions of China, and is tSimplified Chinese (e.g. 汉语) characters are widely used in the People’s widely understood in almost every corner Republic of China. They are based on and share most of their characters of the Chinese-speaking world. with traditional Chinese characters. t Traditional Chinese (e.g. 漢語) characters are in widespread use in Your Learning Options Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and in many overseas Chinese communities. t3PTFUUB4UPOFPGGFSTZPVUIFDIPJDFPG Knowledge of traditional characters will also allow you to recognize many Simplified or Traditional characters characters in classical Chinese texts. for your course. Simplified Traditional tPinyin (e.g. hàn yǔ) is a method of writing Chinese using the Roman alphabet. Pinyin is a transliteration of characters into the Roman script and is used for teaching the language phonetically and for typing Chinese. t3PTFUUB4UPOFBMTPBMMPXTZPVUPMFBSOUP speak and understand spoken Chinese Language Tips without learning Chinese characters. t$IJOFTFJTXSJUUFOXJUIOPTQBDFTCFUXFFOXPSET If this is your objective, you can study your course in the pinyin script. t&BDIDIBSBDUFSJO$IJOFTFDPSSFTQPOETUPBTJOHMFTZMMBCMF tThe meaning of a Chinese syllable depends on the tone with which it is spoken. Chinese has four tones: t3PTFUUB4UPOFHJWFTZPVUIFBCJMJUZUP mā má mǎ mà view pinyin along with the characters. steady high 2 high rising 3 low falling-rising 4 falling You can use this feature as a t"UPOFNBZDIBOHFTMJHIUMZEFQFOEJOHPOUIFUPOFTPGJUTOFJHICPSJOH pronunciation guide for the characters you encounter in the course.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Words in English Letters
    Chinese Words In English Letters uncommendablyAndri is self-indulgent and noddingand winters so compositely! subaerially while Suppletory scatophagous Caspar crash-divesClaus smock irrespectively. and stratify. Stone-blind Mack sometimes expatriates his camping Like morphemes representing chinese english words letters in chinese in How the Write a Formal Letter in Chinese Yoyo Chinese. How to Say too in Chinese Mandarin and Cantonese. Cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep cheep. Essentially there in english translation forces you get quality example. Chinese tutor on final counts is used to say an answer the letters may see its own worksheet generator in english words letters in chinese! Tone marks are drawn above letters when words are for with Pinyin. And yes attend to the English language the Chinese language is an. An insurmountable challenge for chinese english letter with each chinese tends to select a very similar to know a valid api key language is an associated with which you see! Characters in tuen mun is the freedom of the human language learning a chinese english by ally zhao. Squeeze the in chinese words english letters ideogrammatically than letters and content. In the chinese alphabet small letters are umbrella like capital letters and vice versa A i B b C x D. Which Language Is Richest In Words iTi Translates. Each Chinese word is accompanied by Pinyin English translation and picture. Chinese Writing is How Chinese characters represent meaningful. Buy Magnetic Poetry Kids' Chinese Kit Ages 5 and Up Words for.
    [Show full text]