Medical Term for Erection
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THE PHYSIOLOGY and ECOPHYSIOLOGY of EJACULATION Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, Vol
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems E-ISSN: 1870-0462 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán México Lucio, R. A.; Cruz, Y.; Pichardo, A. I.; Fuentes-Morales, M. R.; Fuentes-Farias, A.L.; Molina-Cerón, M. L.; Gutiérrez-Ospina, G. THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF EJACULATION Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol. 15, núm. 1, 2012, pp. S113-S127 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93924484010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15 (2012) SUP 1: S113 – S127 REVIEW [REVISIÓN] THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF EJACULATION [FISIOLOGÍA Y ECOFISIOLOGÍA DE LA EYACULACIÓN] R. A. Lucio1*, Y. Cruz1, A. I. Pichardo2, M. R. Fuentes-Morales1, A.L. Fuentes-Farias3, M. L. Molina-Cerón2 and G. Gutiérrez-Ospina2 1Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5 s/n, Loma Xicotencatl, 90062, Tlaxcala, Tlax., México. 2Depto. Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México. 3Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzicuaro s/n, Colonia Nueva Esperanza 58337, Morelia, Mich., México * Corresponding author ABSTRACT RESUMEN Different studies dealing with ejaculation view this Diferentes estudios enfocados en la eyaculación, process as a part of the male copulatory behavior. -
Critical Androgen-Sensitive Periods of Rat Penis and Clitoris Development Michelle Welsh,* David J
international journal of andrology ISSN 0105-6263 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Critical androgen-sensitive periods of rat penis and clitoris development Michelle Welsh,* David J. MacLeod,* Marion Walker, Lee B. Smith and Richard M. Sharpe MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK Summary Keywords: Androgen control of penis development/growth is unclear. In rats, androgen androgens, clitoris, flutamide, hypospadias, action in a foetal ‘masculinisation programming window’ (MPW; e15.5–e18.5)’ masculinisation programming window, predetermines penile length and hypospadias occurrence. This has implications micropenis, penis length for humans (e.g. micropenis). Our studies aimed to establish in rats when andro- gen action/administration affects development/growth of the penis and if deficits Correspondence: Richard M. Sharpe, MRC Human Reproductive in MPW androgen action were rescuable postnatally. Thus, pregnant rats were Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive treated with flutamide during the MPW ± postnatal testosterone propionate Biology, The Queen’s Medical Research (TP) treatment. To assess penile growth responsiveness, rats were treated with Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, TP in various time windows (late foetal, neonatal through early puberty, puberty EH16 4TJ, UK. E-mail: [email protected] onset, or combinations thereof). Phallus length, weight, and morphology, hypo- *Contributed equally to the manuscript. spadias and anogenital distance (AGD) were measured in mid-puberty (d25) or Re-use of this article is permitted in adulthood (d90) in males and females, plus serum testosterone in adult males. accordance with the Terms and Conditions MPW flutamide exposure reduced adult penile length and induced hypospadias set out at http://www3.interscience.wiley. -
Refractory Period
اختﻻﻻت عمل جىسی َ آمُزش َمطاَري ٌذف کلی درس : آضىایی با اختﻻﻻت عمل جىسی َ آمُزش مىاسب در ایه مُارد اٌذاف کلی جلسات : ) جٍت ٌر جلسً یک ٌذف ( آضىایی با فازٌای مختلف سیکل پاسخ جىسی آضىایی با عُاملی ماوىذ سه ، دارَ ، بیماریٍا َ ......... تأثیر آوٍا بر مسائل جىسی آضىایی با مسائل جىسی در دَران وُزادی ، وُپایی ، خردسالی ، پیص از مذرسً َ دَران مذرسً آضىایی با مسائل جىسی دردَران بلُغ َ وُجُاوی آضىایی با فعالیتٍای جىسی َتغییرات آن در دَران بارداری َ ضیردٌی آضىآ آضىایی با کٍىسالی َ تأثیر آن بر مسائل جىسی آضىایی با بیماریٍای مختلف َ تأثیر آن ٌا بر مسائل جىسی آضىایی با اختﻻﻻت عمل جىسی َ طریقً مقابلً با آن Anatomy of the male reproductive system Testis Scrotum Penis Seminal vessicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands Epididymis, vas deferens, urethra TESTES Primary reproductive organs or gonads Production of sperm Suspended outside the body cavity by scrotum PENIS Deposits sperm in female Erectile tissue (vascular) Erection results from gorging tissue with blood Erection is a parasympathetic spinal reflex to tactile and other stimulation enhanced by sympathetic inhibition Provide the bulk of the semen, a mixture of secretions, sperm and mucous Fructose and prostaglandins from seminal vessicles Alkalinity and clotting enzymes from prostate Lubricant for intercourse from bulbourethral glands Epididymus, vas deferens, urethra: ejaculation Route of exit of sperm Ductus deferns stores sperm During emmission phase of ejaculation sperm are emptied into urethra by sympathetically induced contractions Motor neuron induced contractions -
Erection Disorders
CHAPTER 11 ERECTION DISORDERS Despite the current rhetoric. about sex and intimacy’s involving more than penile-vaginal inter- course, the quest for a rigid erection appears to dominate both popular and professional interest. More- over, it seems likely that our diligence in finding new ways for overcoming erectile difficulties serves unwittingly to reinforce the male myth that rock-hard, ever-available phalluses are a necessary compo- nent of male identity. This is indeed a dilemma. 1 ROSEN AND LEIB L UM , 1992 GENE R A L CONSIDE R ATIONS The Problem A 49-year-old widower described erection difficulties for the past year. His 25-year marriage was loving and harmonious throughout but sexual activity stopped after his wife was diagnosed with ovarian cancer six years before her death. Their sexual relationship during the period of her illness had been meager as a result of her lack of sexual desire. Although he missed her greatly, he felt lonely since her death three years before and, somewhat reluctantly at first, began dating other women. A resumption of sexual activity soon resulted but much to his chagrin he found that in contrast to when he would awaken in the morning or masturbate, his erections with women partners were much less firm. He felt considerable tension, particu- larly because some months before, he had developed a strong attachment to one woman in particular and was fearful that the relationship would soon end because of his sexual troubles. As he discussed his grief over the loss of his wife and talked about his guilt over his intimacy with another woman, his erectile problems began to diminish. -
Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis: an in VITRO STUDY
Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis: AN IN VITRO STUDY George S. Benson, … , Joseph N. Corriere Jr., Joe Wood J Clin Invest. 1980;65(2):506-513. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI109694. The neuromorphology and neuropharmacology of the human penis are only briefly described in literature. The present study was undertaken to define the adrenergic and cholinergic neuromorphology of the human corpus cavernosum (CC) and corpus spongiosum and to evaluate the in vitro response of the CC to pharmacologic stimulation. Human penile tissue was obtained from six transsexual patients undergoing penectomy. For morphologic study, the tissue was processed for (a) hematoxylin and eosin staining; (b) smooth muscle staining; (c) acetylcholinesterase localization; (d) glyoxylic acid histofluorescence; (e) electron microscopy; and (f) electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde dichromate fixation. In addition, strips of CC were placed in in vitro muscle chambers and tension changes recorded isometrically after stimulation with norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine. The CC contains abundant smooth muscle, numerous glyoxylic acidfluorescent (catecholaminergic) fibers and varicosities, and a scant distribution of acetylcholinesterase- positive fibers. Fewer of all these elements were present in the corpus spongiosum. No “polsters” were observed in the CC. Although glutaraldehyde-fixed controls exhibited no typical adrenergic vesicles (small, dense core, measuring 400- 600 Å in diameter), some small, strongly electron-dense vesicles were found in glutaraldehyde dichromate-fixed tissue and were thought to contain NE. A variety of other vesicles were also encountered. The addition of NE to the in vitro muscle chambers caused a dose-related contraction, which was blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine in all […] Find the latest version: https://jci.me/109694/pdf Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis AN IN VITRO STUDY GEORGE S. -
Duration of Cunnilingus Predicts Estimated Ejaculate Volume in Humans: a Content Analysis of Pornography
Evolutionary Psychological Science (2016) 2:220–227 DOI 10.1007/s40806-016-0057-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Duration of Cunnilingus Predicts Estimated Ejaculate Volume in Humans: a Content Analysis of Pornography Michael N. Pham1 & Austin John Jeffery1 & Yael Sela 1 & Justin T. Lynn2 & Sara Trevino2 & Zachary Willockx1 & Adam Tratner1 & Paul Itchue1 & Todd K. Shackelford1 & Bernhard Fink3 & Melissa M. McDonald1 Published online: 10 May 2016 # Springer International Publishing 2016 Abstract Humans perform copulatory behaviors that do not a relationship between the time spent performing cunnilingus contribute directly to reproduction (e.g., cunnilingus, and ejaculate quality. prolonged copulation). We conducted a content analysis of pornography to investigate whether such behaviors might Keywords Cunnilingus . Prolonged copulation . Content contribute indirectly to reproduction by influencing ejaculate analysis . Pornography . Ejaculate volume volume—an indicator of ejaculate quality. We coded 100 pro- fessional pornography scenes depicting the same male actor copulating with 100 different females, affording control for “Ejaculate quality” is a composite of ejaculate traits (e.g., between-male differences in estimated ejaculate volume. sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm number) that affect fer- Coders visually estimated ejaculate volume and recorded the tilizing ability (Simmons and Fitzpatrick 2012). Ejaculate vol- time the actor spent engaged in cunnilingus, penile-vaginal ume is another trait indicator of quality. For example, non- penetration, -
Penis Size Interacts with Body Shape and Height to Influence Male
Penis size interacts with body shape and height to influence male attractiveness Brian S. Mautza,1,2, Bob B. M. Wongb, Richard A. Petersc, and Michael D. Jennionsa aResearch School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; bSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; and cDepartment of Zoology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia Edited by Wyatt W. Anderson, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, and approved February 28, 2013 (received for review November 6, 2012) Compelling evidence from many animal taxa indicates that male The upright body posture and protruding, nonretractable gen- genitalia are often under postcopulatory sexual selection for char- italia of male humans make the penis particularly conspicuous, acteristics that increase a male’s relative fertilization success. There even when flaccid. This observation has generated suggestions by could, however, also be direct precopulatory female mate choice evolutionary biologists that the comparatively large human penis based on male genital traits. Before clothing, the nonretractable evolved under premating sexual selection (19, 20). Furthermore, human penis would have been conspicuous to potential mates. This novels, magazines, and popular articles often allude to the exis- observation has generated suggestions that human penis size tence of a relationship between penis size and sexual attractive- partly evolved because of female choice. Here we show, based upon ness or masculinity (21, 22). Many cultures have fashion items, female assessment of digitally projected life-size, computer-generated like penis sheaths and codpieces, that draw attention toward male images, that penis size interacts with body shape and height to genitalia (20), highlighting the potential for female choice to determine male sexual attractiveness. -
Sex, Spirits, and Sensibility: Human Generation in British Medicine, Anatomy, and Literature, 1660-1780
Sex, Spirits, and Sensibility: Human Generation in British Medicine, Anatomy, and Literature, 1660-1780 Darren Neil Wagner PhD The University of York Department of History September 2013 Abstract This thesis explores the physiological idea of animal spirits in relation to nerves, sex, and reproduction in the culture of sensibility. That physiology held the sex organs of both females and males to be exceptionally sensitive parts of the body that profoundly affected individuals’ constitutions and minds. Sexual sensations, desires, volition, and behaviour depended upon animal spirits and nerves. A central concern in this perception of the body and mind was the conflict between rationality from the intellectual will and sexual feelings from the genitalia. The idea that the body and mind interacted through animal spirits became influential in Georgian culture through anatomical and medical writings, teachings, and visual displays, but also through its resonance in literature about sensibility. This research predominantly draws upon material and print cultures of medicine, anatomy, and literature from 1660-1780. The analysis highlights the roles of gender, markets, literary modes, scientific practices, visual demonstrations, medical vocations, and broader social and political discourses in conceptions of the body and mind in relation to sex and reproduction. Ultimately, this study fleshes out the sensible and sexual body, which cultural and literary historians have frequently referred to, and emphasizes how the organs of generation commanded -
An Analysis of the Accuracy of the Presentation of the Human Penis in Anatomical Source Materials
Chapter 2 AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACCURACY OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE HUMAN PENIS IN ANATOMICAL SOURCE MATERIALS Gary L. Harryman, MA Coordinator. National Organization ofRestoring lv/en, Southern California Chapter (NORM So Cal) Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the accuracy of the anatomical source materials regarding the human penis that are immediately available to medical school students and medical professionals. Ninety sources \vere vetted for entries and images ofthe penis - defrnitions, photos, illustrations, and dra\vings. We fmd 67% of the depictions of the human penis are anatomically incorrect Of the primary images of the human penis, 71 % are incorrect, while 54% of the secondary are incorrect. It is evident that the penis is misrepresented in the medical literature used in medical schools. The penis is routinely defined and depicted in a partially amputated condition, as if this were a natural state, without explanation or caveat. This study indicates that students are being misinfonned about fundamental anatomy. Key words: fv1edical education, penis, foreskin, prepuce, circumcision 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the accuracy of the anatomical source materials regarding the human penis that are immediately available to medical school students alld medical professionals. Section 2 describes the sources that were analyzed. Section 3.1 presents our principal (numerical) findings (percentages of correct and incorrect presentations of Flesh and Blood, Edited by Denniston et aL Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 2004 17 18 Gary·L. Harrylnan the penis/foreskjn), while section 3.2 includes a number of individual observations. -
International Journal of Impotence Research (1999) 11, Suppl 1, S65±S72 1 2
International Journal of Impotence Research (1999) 11, Suppl 1, S65±S72 1 2 DOES CHANGE IN CARDIOVASCLL\R RISK FACTORS SERUM ANDROGENS :\ND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: PREVENT ERECTILE DYSFUNCTIO'.\? Carol A. Derby, Beth LONGITUDINAL DATA I R0\1 THI \:IASSACHUSETTS A. Mohr, Irwin Goldstein, Henry A. Feldman, Catherine B. MALE AGING STUDY. lknrv A. Idd1nan*, Christopher Johannes, John B. McKinlay (New Engbnd Research Institutes, Longcopet, and John B. I\IcKinlay' 1*Ncw England Research Watertown, MA 02742, USA). Inst., Watertown MA; tliniv ..\1a,s. \frd. Ctr., Worcester MA). Erectile dysfunction (ED) increases in prevalence with age, Although modifiable risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) but its relation to the slow decline in serum testosterone or other have been identified, little is known regarding prevention. We hormones controlling sexual function is uncertain, despite prospectively examined the association of changes in smoking reports of amelioration hy supplemental testosterone. In the (yes/ no), heavy alcohol use (>3 drinks /day), sedentary lifestyle Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a large population-hascd (< 200 kcal/day of moderate to intense activity) and obesity (BMI random sample of men aged 40-70 were twice interviewed at 2 2: 30 kg/m ) to incident ED in the randomly selected cohort of the home, in 1987-89 and 1995-97, on each occasion providing Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Of 1709 men aged 40-70 in comprehensive health information. blood samples, and a 1987-1989, analyses included 593 with follow-up in 1995-1997 privately completed sexual ,1c1i,itv LJUcstionnaire. We analyzed who were free of ED at baseline, had no history of prostate a subsample of 634 men vv hu had minimal or no ED at baseline cancer, and were not treated for heart disease or diabetes. -
Animal / Dairy Science 434 Testis Ram Boar
Animal / Dairy Science 434! Testis! Lec 4: Comparative Male Anatomy! Species !Testis Wt. ! % Of !Orientation! ! ! (grams) !Body Wt.! !bull ! !300+ ! !.03 ! vertical! !ram ! !250 ! !.3 ! vertical! !boar ! !350 ! !.2 ! oblique! !stallion ! !200 ! !.03 ! horizontal! !dog ! ! 25 ! !.2 ! oblique! !rabbit ! 2.5 ! !.1 ! vertical! !human ! ! 25 ! !.03 ! vertical! Prostate! Rectum! Reproductive Cowpers Reproductive Seminal Vesicles! Gland! Organs of the Ampulla! Organs of the Bull! Bladder! Bull! Vas Deferens! Retractor Penis! Glans! Muscle! Penis! Sigmoid! Flexure! Caput Epididymis! Scrotum! Vertical Prepuce! Testis! Cauda Epididymis! Gubernaculum! Ram! Boar! Vertical Oblique Dog! Stallion! Horizontal Oblique Testis Orientation! Bull! Tail! Head! Human! Vertical Testis! Species !Testis Wt. ! % Of !Orientation! ! ! (grams) !Body Wt.! !bull ! !300+ ! !.03 ! vertical! !ram ! !250 ! !.3 ! vertical! !boar ! !350 ! !.2 ! oblique! !stallion ! !200 ! !.03 ! horizontal! !dog ! ! 25 ! !.2 ! oblique! !rabbit ! 2.5 ! !.1 ! vertical! !human ! ! 25 ! !.03 ! vertical! Seminal Ram! Pelvic Vesicles Urethral Muscle Ampulla Cowper’s Gland Prostate Bladder Seminal Cowper’s Gland Vesicles Vas Bulbospongiosus Deferens Muscle Prostate Vas No Ampulla! Bulbospongiosus Deferens No Body of the Prostate! Large Cowper"s! Muscle Pelvic Urethral Muscle Human! Prostate Seminal Cowper’s Gland Vesicles Ampulla No Disseminate! Prostate! No Disseminate! Bulbospongiosus Muscle Prostate! Pelvic Urethral Muscle Vas Deferens Dog Pelvic Tract! No Seminal Vesicles or Pelvic Disseminate -
Semen Displacement As a Sperm Competition Strategy in Humans
Evolutionary Psychology human-nature.com/ep – 2004. 2: 12-23 ————————————— Original Article Semen Displacement as a Sperm Competition Strategy in Humans Gordon G. Gallup, Jr., Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA. Email: [email protected]. Rebecca L. Burch, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, USA. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: We examine some of the implications of the possibility that the human penis may have evolved to compete with sperm from other males by displacing rival semen from the cervical end of the vagina prior to ejaculation. The semen displacement hypothesis integrates considerable information about genital morphology and human reproductive behavior, and can be used to generate a number of interesting predictions. Keywords: penis morphology, semen displacement, sperm competition, sperm retention, premature ejaculation, double mating, circumcision, penile hypersensitivity, refractory period, fertilization by proxy, last male precedence, infertility, self-semen displacement, semen coagulation, wife rape. ————————————————————————————————— The human penis as a semen displacement device The penis evolved as an internal fertilization device. There are, however, striking differences in penis morphology between different species (see Birkhead, 2000). In addition to the ostensible impact of female choice on the evolution of more elaborate male genitalia (Eberhard, 1996), there is reason to believe that sperm competition played a role in shaping the human penis. The human penis, with a relatively larger glans and more pronounced coronal ridge than is found in many other primates, may function to displace seminal fluid from rival males in the vagina by forcing it back over/under the glans.