An Analysis of the Accuracy of the Presentation of the Human Penis in Anatomical Source Materials
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THE PHYSIOLOGY and ECOPHYSIOLOGY of EJACULATION Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, Vol
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems E-ISSN: 1870-0462 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán México Lucio, R. A.; Cruz, Y.; Pichardo, A. I.; Fuentes-Morales, M. R.; Fuentes-Farias, A.L.; Molina-Cerón, M. L.; Gutiérrez-Ospina, G. THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF EJACULATION Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol. 15, núm. 1, 2012, pp. S113-S127 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93924484010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15 (2012) SUP 1: S113 – S127 REVIEW [REVISIÓN] THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF EJACULATION [FISIOLOGÍA Y ECOFISIOLOGÍA DE LA EYACULACIÓN] R. A. Lucio1*, Y. Cruz1, A. I. Pichardo2, M. R. Fuentes-Morales1, A.L. Fuentes-Farias3, M. L. Molina-Cerón2 and G. Gutiérrez-Ospina2 1Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5 s/n, Loma Xicotencatl, 90062, Tlaxcala, Tlax., México. 2Depto. Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México. 3Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzicuaro s/n, Colonia Nueva Esperanza 58337, Morelia, Mich., México * Corresponding author ABSTRACT RESUMEN Different studies dealing with ejaculation view this Diferentes estudios enfocados en la eyaculación, process as a part of the male copulatory behavior. -
Studies of Human Physique and Sexual Attractiveness: Sexual Preferences of Men and Women in China
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY 19:88–95 (2007) Original Research Article Studies of Human Physique and Sexual Attractiveness: Sexual Preferences of Men and Women in China 1 2 3 1 BARNABY J. DIXSON, ALAN F. DIXSON, * BAOGUO LI, AND M.J. ANDERSON 1Department of Conservation and Research for Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, California 2School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand 3College of Life Sciences, and Key Laboratory Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China ABSTRACT Men and women at Northwest University (n ¼ 631), Xi’an, China, were asked to rate the attractiveness of male or female figures manipulated to vary somatotype, waist-to- hip ratio (WHR), secondary sexual traits, and other features. In study 1, women rated the aver- age masculine somatotype as most attractive, followed by the mesomorphic (muscular), ecto- morphic (slim), and endomorphic (heavily built) somatotypes, in descending order of preference. In study 2, the amount and distribution of masculine trunk (chest and abdominal) hair were altered progressively in a series of front-posed figures. Women rated figures with no or little trunk hair as most attractive. Study 3 assessed the attractiveness of front-posed male figures which varied only in length of their nonerect penis. Numerical ratings for this trait were low, but moderate lengthening of the penis (22% or 33% above average) resulted in a significant increase in scores for attractiveness. In study 4, Chinese men rated the attractiveness of back- posed female images varying in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR from 0.5–1.0). -
GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE PRACTITIONER Review and Resource M Anual
13 Male Reproductive System Disorders Vaunette Fay, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, GNP-BC GERIATRIC APPRoACH Normal Changes of Aging Male Reproductive System • Decreased testosterone level leads to increased estrogen-to-androgen ratio • Testicular atrophy • Decreased sperm motility; fertility reduced but extant • Increased incidence of gynecomastia Sexual function • Slowed arousal—increased time to achieve erection • Erection less firm, shorter lasting • Delayed ejaculation and decreased forcefulness at ejaculation • Longer interval to achieving subsequent erection Prostate • By fourth decade of life, stromal fibrous elements and glandular tissue hypertrophy, stimulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT, the active androgen within the prostate); hyperplastic nodules enlarge in size, ultimately leading to urethral obstruction 398 GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE PRACTITIONER Review and Resource M anual Clinical Implications History • Many men are overly sensitive about complaints of the male genitourinary system; men are often not inclined to initiate discussion, seek help; important to take active role in screening with an approach that is open, trustworthy, and nonjudgmental • Sexual function remains important to many men, even at ages over 80 • Lack of an available partner, poor health, erectile dysfunction, medication adverse effects, and lack of desire are the main reasons men do not continue to have sex • Acute and chronic alcohol use can lead to impotence in men • Nocturia is reported in 66% of patients over 65 – Due to impaired ability to concentrate urine, reduced -
Chapter 14. Anthropometry and Biomechanics
Table of contents 14 Anthropometry and biomechanics........................................................................................ 14-1 14.1 General application of anthropometric and biomechanic data .....................................14-2 14.1.1 User population......................................................................................................14-2 14.1.2 Using design limits ................................................................................................14-4 14.1.3 Avoiding pitfalls in applying anthropometric data ................................................14-6 14.1.4 Solving a complex sequence of design problems ..................................................14-7 14.1.5 Use of distribution and correlation data...............................................................14-11 14.2 Anthropometric variability factors..............................................................................14-13 14.3 Anthropometric and biomechanics data......................................................................14-13 14.3.1 Data usage............................................................................................................14-13 14.3.2 Static body characteristics....................................................................................14-14 14.3.3 Dynamic (mobile) body characteristics ...............................................................14-28 14.3.3.1 Range of whole body motion........................................................................14-28 -
The Human Foreskin the Foreskin Is Not an Optional Extra for a Man’S Body, Or an Accident
The Human Foreskin The foreskin is not an optional extra for a man’s body, or an accident. It is an integral, functioning, important component of a man’s penis. An eye does not function properly without an eyelid – and nor does a penis without its foreskin. Among other things, the foreskin provides: Protection The foreskin fully covers the glans (head) of the flaccid penis, thereby protecting it from damage and harsh rubbing against abrasive agents (underwear, etc.) and maintaining its sensitivity Sexual Sensitivity The foreskin provides direct sexual pleasure in its own right, as it contains the highest concentration of nerve endings on the penis Lubrication The foreskin, with its unique mucous membrane, permanently lubricates the glans, thus improving sensitivity and aiding smoother intercourse Skin-Gliding During Erection The foreskin facilitates the gliding movement of the skin of the penis up and down the penile shaft and over the glans during erection and sexual activity Varied Sexual Sensation The foreskin facilitates direct stimulation of the glans during sexual activity by its interactive contact with the sensitive glans Immunological Defense The foreskin helps clean and protect the glans via the secretion of anti-bacterial agents What circumcision takes away The foreskin is at the heart of male sexuality. Circumcision almost always results in a diminution of sexual sensitivity; largely because removing the foreskin cuts away the most nerve-rich part of the penis (up to 80% of the penis’s nerve endings reside in the foreskin) [1]. The following anatomy is amputated with circumcision: The Taylor “ridged band” (sometimes called the “frenar band”), the primary erogenous zone of the male body. -
Foreskin Problems N
n Foreskin Problems n Redness, tenderness, or swelling of the foreskin or head Most uncircumcised boys have no problems of the penis. related to the intact foreskin—the skin covering the tip of the penis. In infants and toddlers, it is Pus or other fluid draining from the tip of the penis. normal for the foreskin not to slide back over the May be pain with urination. end of the penis. In older boys, the foreskin may be too tight to slide back (phimosis), but this is Paraphimosis. usually not a serious problem. If the tight foreskin Tight foreskin pulled back over the head of the penis. is forced over the head of the penis and cannot be pulled back, this may cause a serious condi- Head of the penis becomes swollen and very painful. tion called paraphimosis. Paraphimosis requires immediate treatment to avoid damage to the head of the penis caused by problems with insufficient blood supply. Call the doctor imme- ! diately. What kinds of foreskin problems may occur? What causes foreskin problems? Phimosis means tight foreskin. In this condition, the fore- Phimosis is usually a normal condition. However, it can skin cannot easily be pulled over the head of the penis. This occur as a result of infection or injury, including injury is normal in toddlers and infants. Usually, the foreskin from forcing the foreskin back. becomes loose enough to be pulled back as your child gets older. In older boys, phimosis can make it difficult to clean Phimosis usually occurs in boys who are not circum- the head of the penis. -
MR Imaging of Vaginal Morphology, Paravaginal Attachments and Ligaments
MR imaging of vaginal morph:ingynious 05/06/15 10:09 Pagina 53 Original article MR imaging of vaginal morphology, paravaginal attachments and ligaments. Normal features VITTORIO PILONI Iniziativa Medica, Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Monselice (Padova), Italy Abstract: Aim: To define the MR appearance of the intact vaginal and paravaginal anatomy. Method: the pelvic MR examinations achieved with external coil of 25 nulliparous women (group A), mean age 31.3 range 28-35 years without pelvic floor dysfunctions, were compared with those of 8 women who had cesarean delivery (group B), mean age 34.1 range 31-40 years, for evidence of (a) vaginal morphology, length and axis inclination; (b) perineal body’s position with respect to the hymen plane; and (c) visibility of paravaginal attachments and lig- aments. Results: in both groups, axial MR images showed that the upper vagina had an horizontal, linear shape in over 91%; the middle vagi- na an H-shape or W-shape in 74% and 26%, respectively; and the lower vagina a U-shape in 82% of cases. Vaginal length, axis inclination and distance of perineal body to the hymen were not significantly different between the two groups (mean ± SD 77.3 ± 3.2 mm vs 74.3 ± 5.2 mm; 70.1 ± 4.8 degrees vs 74.04 ± 1.6 degrees; and +3.2 ± 2.4 mm vs + 2.4 ± 1.8 mm, in group A and B, respectively, P > 0.05). Overall, the lower third vaginal morphology was the less easily identifiable structure (visibility score, 2); the uterosacral ligaments and the parau- rethral ligaments were the most frequently depicted attachments (visibility score, 3 and 4, respectively); the distance of the perineal body to the hymen was the most consistent reference landmark (mean +3 mm, range -2 to + 5 mm, visibility score 4). -
Penile Circular Fasciocutaneous Flaps for Complex Anterior Urethral Strictures K.J
18 Penile Circular Fasciocutaneous Flaps for Complex Anterior Urethral Strictures K.J. Carney, J.W. McAninch 18.1 Penile Fascial Anatomy – 146 18.2 Flap Anatomy – 148 18.3 Patient Selection – 148 18.4 Preoperative Preparation – 148 18.5 Patient Positioning – 148 18.6 Flap Harvest – 149 18.7 Stricture Exposure – 150 18.8 Anastomosis – 151 18.9 Postoperative Care – 152 References – 152 146 Chapter 18 · Penile Circular Fasciocutaneous Flaps for Complex Anterior Urethral Strictures Surgical reconstruction of complex anterior urethral stric- Buck’s fascia is a well-defined fascial layer that is close- tures, 2.5–6 cm long, frequently requires tissue-transfer ly adherent to the tunica albuginea. Despite this intimate techniques [1–8]. The most successful are full-thickness association, a definite plane of cleavage exists between the free grafts (genital skin, bladder mucosa, or buccal muco- two, permitting separation and mobilization. Buck’s fascia sa) or pedicle-based flaps that carry a skin island. Of acts as the supporting layer, providing the foundation the latter, the penile circular fasciocutaneous flap, first for the circular fasciocutaneous penile flap. Dorsally, the described by McAninch in 1993 [9], produces excel- deep dorsal vein, dorsal arteries, and dorsal nerves lie in a lent cosmetic and functional results [10]. It is ideal for groove just deep to the superficial lamina of Buck’s fascia. reconstruction of the distal (pendulous) urethra, where The circumflex vessels branch from the dorsal vasculature the decreased substance of the corpus spongiosum may and lie just deep to Buck’s fascia over the lateral aspect jeopardize graft viability. -
Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
MANAGEMENT of CONCEALED PENIS in CHILDREN Mohamed A
AAMJ, Vol. 6, N. 2, April, 2008 ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ MANAGEMENT OF CONCEALED PENIS IN CHILDREN Mohamed A. Abdel Aziz, Samir H.Gouda, Sayed H.Abdalla, Sabri M. Khaled, and Ahmed T. Sayed Paediatric Surgery, Urology, And Plastic Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY Objectives: A concealed penis or inconspicuous penis is defined as a phallus of normal size buried in prepubic tissue (buried penis), enclosed in scrotal tissue (webbed penis), or trapped by scar tissue after penile surgery (trapped penis). We report our results using a standardized surgical approach that was highly effective in both functional and cosmetic terms. Materials and Methods: From April 2003 to October 2007, Surgery for hidden penis from multiple causes was performed in 80 children. Their age ranged from 10 months to 8 years (mean 4.2 years). Tacking sutures were taken from the subdermis of the ventral penoscrotal junction to the tunica albuginea in some cases. A combination procedure with tacking of the penopubic subdermis to the rectus fascia, penoscrotal Z plasty, circumcision revision or lateral penile shaft Z plasty also was performed in some patients. Results: Cosmetic improvement was noted in all cases except one patient that needed re- fixation of the Buck’s fascia to the dermis without significant complications. Conclusions: Surgery for hidden penis achieves marked aesthetic and often functional improvement. Degloving the penis to release any abnormal attachment then fixing the Buck’s fascia to the dermis of the skin has an essential role in preventing penile retraction in most cases. INTRODUCTION Concealed or inconspicuous penis is an uncommon condition that may present from infancy to adolescence. -
Critical Androgen-Sensitive Periods of Rat Penis and Clitoris Development Michelle Welsh,* David J
international journal of andrology ISSN 0105-6263 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Critical androgen-sensitive periods of rat penis and clitoris development Michelle Welsh,* David J. MacLeod,* Marion Walker, Lee B. Smith and Richard M. Sharpe MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK Summary Keywords: Androgen control of penis development/growth is unclear. In rats, androgen androgens, clitoris, flutamide, hypospadias, action in a foetal ‘masculinisation programming window’ (MPW; e15.5–e18.5)’ masculinisation programming window, predetermines penile length and hypospadias occurrence. This has implications micropenis, penis length for humans (e.g. micropenis). Our studies aimed to establish in rats when andro- gen action/administration affects development/growth of the penis and if deficits Correspondence: Richard M. Sharpe, MRC Human Reproductive in MPW androgen action were rescuable postnatally. Thus, pregnant rats were Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive treated with flutamide during the MPW ± postnatal testosterone propionate Biology, The Queen’s Medical Research (TP) treatment. To assess penile growth responsiveness, rats were treated with Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, TP in various time windows (late foetal, neonatal through early puberty, puberty EH16 4TJ, UK. E-mail: [email protected] onset, or combinations thereof). Phallus length, weight, and morphology, hypo- *Contributed equally to the manuscript. spadias and anogenital distance (AGD) were measured in mid-puberty (d25) or Re-use of this article is permitted in adulthood (d90) in males and females, plus serum testosterone in adult males. accordance with the Terms and Conditions MPW flutamide exposure reduced adult penile length and induced hypospadias set out at http://www3.interscience.wiley. -
Evaluation and Treatment of Acute Urinary Retention
The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 193–198, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0736-4679/08 $–see front matter doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.06.039 Technical Tips EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE URINARY RETENTION Gary M. Vilke, MD,* Jacob W. Ufberg, MD,† Richard A. Harrigan, MD,† and Theodore C. Chan, MD* *Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California and †Department of Emergency Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Reprint Address: Gary M. Vilke, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive Mailcode #8676, San Diego, CA 92103 e Abstract—Acute urinary retention is a common presen- ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE URINARY RETENTION tation to the Emergency Department and is often simply treated with placement of a Foley catheter. However, var- Acute obstruction of urinary outflow is most often the ious cases will arise when this will not remedy the retention result of physical blockages or by urinary retention and more aggressive measures will be needed, particularly caused by medications. The most common cause of acute if emergent urological consultation is not available. This urinary obstruction continues to be benign prostatic hy- article will review the causes of urinary obstruction and pertrophy, with other obstructive causes listed in Table 1 systematically review emergent techniques and procedures (4). Common medications that can result in acute